WO2014086546A1 - Integrierte anlage und verfahren zum flexiblen einsatz von strom - Google Patents
Integrierte anlage und verfahren zum flexiblen einsatz von strom Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014086546A1 WO2014086546A1 PCT/EP2013/073336 EP2013073336W WO2014086546A1 WO 2014086546 A1 WO2014086546 A1 WO 2014086546A1 EP 2013073336 W EP2013073336 W EP 2013073336W WO 2014086546 A1 WO2014086546 A1 WO 2014086546A1
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- electricity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/18—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids characterised by adaptation for specific use
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/76—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
- C07C2/80—Processes with the aid of electrical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an integrated system and method for the flexible use of electricity.
- renewable energies such as wind power, solar energy and hydropower
- Electrical energy is typically supplied to a variety of consumers via long-range, supra-regional and transnationally coupled power grids, referred to as power grids. Since electrical energy in the power grid itself or without further devices can not be stored to a significant extent, the electrical power fed into the power grid must be matched to the consumer's power requirements, the so-called load.
- the load varies, as is known, time-dependent, in particular depending on the time of day, day of the week or season.
- the load profile is subdivided into the three areas of base load, medium load and peak load, and electrical power generators are suitably used in these three load ranges, depending on the type.
- a continuous synchronization of power generation and power take-off is necessary.
- Possible short-term deviations are compensated by so-called positive or negative balancing energy or balancing power.
- the difficulty arises that, for certain types, such as wind power and solar energy, the power generation power is not present and controllable at any time, but is e.g. Daytime and weather-related fluctuations are subject that are only partially predictable and usually do not match the current energy needs.
- Another approach is to save part of the output in the case of high generation from renewable energy sources and to recycle it in times of low generation or high consumption.
- pumped storage power plants are already being used today.
- the system should be flexibly operable, so that responding to a change in electricity supply and / or electricity demand particularly flexible, for example, to achieve economic benefits.
- the system should be able to be used for storage or supply of electrical energy even for longer periods of high or low electricity supply.
- the system and the method should continue to have the highest possible efficiency. Furthermore, the method according to the invention should be able to be carried out using the conventional and widely available infrastructure.
- the subject of the present invention is accordingly an integrated plant comprising a plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne and a plant for power generation and is characterized in that the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne is connected via a line with the plant for power generation and the line in the plant for the electrothermic production of ethyin obtained product gas of the plant for power generation supplies.
- the present invention also relates to a method for the flexible use of electricity, in which the system for the electrothermal production of ethyne is operated in an integrated system according to the invention in times of high electricity supply and stored at least part of hydrogen and / or gaseous hydrocarbons obtained next to ethyne be stored in times of low supply of electricity stored hydrogen and / or gaseous hydrocarbons of the plant for power generation.
- the integrated system according to the invention and the method according to the invention have a particularly good property profile, whereby the disadvantages of conventional methods and systems can be significantly reduced.
- renewable energies can be used economically in excess.
- the system can convert a power surplus from renewable energies, including wind power or photovoltaics, into a storable form.
- electrical energy can be provided to a small supply of renewable energy in a particularly cost-effective manner.
- a plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne can be operated dynamically, so it can be variably adjusted to the electricity supply.
- the integrated system can also be used for longer periods of high or low electricity supply for storage or provision of electrical energy.
- surprisingly long terms of all components of the integrated system can be achieved, so that their operation can be made very economical.
- the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne is designed adjustable, the scheme is carried out depending on the electricity supply.
- electricity from renewable energies is used for the electrothermal production of ethyne.
- the process can be carried out with relatively few process steps, the same being simple and reproducible.
- the present integrated facility enables the delivery of chemical derived products with a low release of carbon dioxide, since the ethyne obtained at very high levels of conversion and compared to alternative starting materials with less additional energy or heat release to many chemically important follow-on products can be implemented.
- the integrated system according to the invention serves for the purposeful and flexible use of electrical energy, also referred to herein synonymously as electricity.
- the integrated system can store electrical energy with a high electricity supply and, in particular with a low electricity supply, feed electrical energy into a power grid.
- the term storage here refers to the ability of the system, with a high supply of electricity to convert this into a storable form, in this case as chemical energy, which chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy with a small supply of electricity.
- the storage can take place in the form of coupling product hydrogen, which inevitably arises in the electrothermal production of ethyne from methane or higher hydrocarbons.
- the storage may also be in the form of products obtained in the electrothermal production of ethyne in an endothermic reaction proceeding in parallel with the formation of ethyne, for example by reacting two molecules of methane to ethane and hydrogen.
- methane CH
- C 2 H 6 ethane
- hydrogen ethane
- a relatively large amount of energy is expended in order to work up the resulting by-product gases so that they may be sold in pure form. In the present system, this purification can be made much simpler by using the by-product gases energetically.
- the integrated system according to the invention comprises a plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne.
- electrothermal refers to a process in which ethyne is produced in an endothermic reaction from hydrocarbons or coal and the heat required to carry out the reaction is generated by electric current.
- gaseous or vaporized hydrocarbons are used, more preferably aliphatic hydrocarbons.
- Particularly suitable are methane, ethane, propane and butanes, especially methane.
- hydrogen is obtained as coproduct.
- Suitable plants for the electrothermic production of ethyne are known from the prior art, for example from Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Volume 1, 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, DOI: 10.1002 / 14356007.a01_097.pub4, pages 296 to 303, from DE 1 900 644 A1 and from EP 0 133 982 A2.
- the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne preferably comprises an arc reactor.
- the electrothermal production of ethyne can be carried out in a one-step process in which at least one hydrocarbon is passed through the arc with a gas stream.
- the electrothermal production of ethyne can be carried out in a two-stage process in which hydrogen is passed through the arc and at least one hydrocarbon is fed behind the arc into the hydrogen plasma generated in the arc.
- the arc reactor is preferably with an energy density of 0.5 to 10 kWh / Nm 3 , especially 1 to 5 kWh / Nm 3 and in particular 2 to 3.5 kWh / Nm 3 operated, wherein the energy density refers to the guided through the arc gas volume.
- the temperature in the reaction zone of the arc reactor varies due to the gas flow, wherein in the center of the arc up to 20,000 ° C can be achieved and at the edge, the temperature can be about 600 ° C.
- the average temperature of the gas is preferably in the range of 1300 to 3000 ° C, more preferably in the range of 1500 to 2600 ° C.
- the residence time of the starting material in the reaction zone of the arc reactor is preferably in the range of 0.01 ms to 20 ms, more preferably in the range of 0.1 ms to 10 ms and especially preferably in the range of 1 to 5 ms.
- the gas mixture exiting the reaction zone is quenched, i. subjected to a very rapid cooling to temperatures of less than 250 ° C in order to avoid decomposition of the thermodynamically unstable intermediate acetylene.
- a direct quenching process such as, for example, the introduction of hydrocarbons and / or water or an indirect quenching process, such as rapid cooling in a vapor recovery heat exchanger may be used.
- Direct quenching and indirect quenching can also be combined.
- the gaseous mixture leaving the reaction zone is only quenched with water.
- This embodiment is characterized by relatively low investment costs.
- the disadvantage, however, is that in this way a considerable part of the energy contained in the product gas is not used or exergetically inferior.
- the gaseous mixture leaving the reaction zone is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing gas or a hydrocarbon-containing liquid, at least part of the hydrocarbons being split endothermically.
- a hydrocarbon-containing gas or a hydrocarbon-containing liquid at least part of the hydrocarbons being split endothermically.
- a more or less broad product spectrum is generated, eg. B. in addition to ethyne and hydrogen also shares in ethane, propane, ethene and other lower hydrocarbons.
- the heat generated in a significant be supplied to a higher level of further use such as the endothermic cleavage of hydrocarbons.
- Ethyne can be separated from the gas mixture by selective absorption into a solvent.
- solvents are, for example, water, methanol, N-methylpyrrolidone or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable methods for separating ethyne from the gas mixture are known from the prior art, for example from Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol.
- the power consumption of the electrothermal plant for the production of ethyne depends on the planned production capacity of acetylene. As with most other chemical production technologies, the specific investment cost (cost of investment in terms of installed production capacity) decreases with increasing plant size. Typical plant sizes for the production of acetylene range from a few 10,000 tons of acetylene to a few 100,000 tons of acetylene per year (calculated at full capacity).
- the specific energy requirement is in the reaction part for the production of acetylene iektrisch depending on the raw material used in the range of about 9 to about 12 MWh per tonne e ethyne. Including the demand for electrical energy for the workup, the absolute power requirement of the acetylene plant is derived from this.
- the desired production capacity is usually achieved by a parallel arrangement of several arc reactors, which can be controlled together or separately.
- the integrated system according to the invention also comprises a plant for power generation, which is fed via a line a obtained in the plant for the production of ethyne product gas.
- Suitable plants for power generation are all systems that generate electricity from the product gas can be.
- a plant is used for power generation, which has a high efficiency.
- the product gas supplied to the plant for generating electricity preferably contains hydrogen and / or hydrocarbons other than ethyne.
- the hydrocarbons may be unreacted feedstocks of the electrothermic production of ethyne, quenched hydrocarbons, quenched hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof.
- the plant for power generation comprises a fuel cell.
- the power generation plant is preferably supplied with a product gas consisting essentially of hydrogen.
- the plant for power generation comprises a power plant with a turbine.
- the plant comprises a gas turbine which can be operated with hydrogen and / or hydrocarbon-containing gases.
- a gas turbine is used which can be operated with mixtures of hydrogen and hydrocarbon-containing gases of varying composition.
- the power plant with a turbine, a gas and steam turbine power plant (combined cycle power plant), also called gas and steam combined cycle power plant.
- gas turbine generally serves, among other things, as a heat source for a downstream waste heat boiler, which in turn acts as a steam generator for the steam turbine.
- the plant for power generation in addition to the product gas obtained in the production of ethyine further substances can be supplied, for example, additional hydrogen for the operation of a fuel cell or additional fuel for the operation of a turbine or the heating of a steam generator.
- the capacity of the plant for power generation may be chosen depending on the production capacity of the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne.
- the power of the plant for power generation is so chosen that the power requirement of the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne at full load can be fully covered by the power generation plant.
- the ratio of the electric power is to ethyne production capacity is preferably in a range of 2 to 20 MW e iektrisch per t / h ethyne, particularly preferably in a range 5-15 per MWeiektrisch t / h ethyne.
- the power can be achieved by a single device or a combination of multiple devices, the merger (pool) can be achieved via a common control.
- electrical energy for the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne can be obtained from the power grid.
- the plant for power generation can be dimensioned so that in addition to the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne also supplies other power consumers or beyond the needs of the plant for the electrothermal production of ethy beyond electrical energy is fed into a grid.
- the ethin electrothermal production line is connected to the power generation plant through a line, which supplies the plant with a product gas obtained in the electrothermal production plant of ethyne.
- the product gas preferably consists of hydrogen and / or hydrocarbon-containing gases.
- the product gas can be supplied via the line of the power generation plant in gaseous or liquefied form, wherein the liquefaction can be done by increasing the pressure or reducing the temperature.
- the line connecting the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne with the plant for power generation preferably has a length of less than 10 km, more preferably less than 1 km.
- the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne has a device for separating the gas mixture obtained in the electrothermal production, wherein this device is connected to the plant for generating electricity.
- ethyne is separated from hydrogen and other hydrocarbons.
- the separated from ethyne, hydrogen and hydrocarbons containing mixture can directly be supplied to the plant for power generation.
- hydrogen may be separated from the mixture separated from ethyne and optionally hydrogen or a resulting hydrocarbonaceous gas may be supplied to the plant for power generation.
- hydrogen and a hydrocarbon-containing gas may also be supplied via separate lines from the device for separating the gas mixture obtained in the electrothermal production of ethyne the plant for power generation.
- the separation of hydrogen and hydrocarbons can also be incomplete in the integrated system according to the invention without an incomplete separation adversely affecting the operation of the system, so compared to the complete separation, as in plants for electrothermic production of ethyne according to the prior art carried out, reduce the expenditure on equipment and energy consumption for the separation.
- the plant for generating electricity comprises separate devices for the production of electricity from hydrogen and for the production of electricity from a hydrocarbon-containing gas, preferably via separate lines with a device for separating the in the electrothermal production of ethyne obtained gas mixture are connected.
- the plant for power generation comprises a fuel cell for the production of electricity from hydrogen and a combined cycle power plant for the production of electricity from a hydrocarbon-containing gas.
- gas and steam turbine power plants can be used in the integrated system according to the invention, which are not suitable for the conversion of hydrogen-rich gases.
- the integrated system according to the invention additionally has at least one reservoir for a product gas obtained in the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne, the reservoir being connected via lines both to the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne and to the plant for generating electricity ,
- the memory with the device described above for the separation of the gas mixture obtained in the electrothermal production of ethyne connected so that in the memory hydrogen and / or separated from ethyne hydrocarbon-containing gases can be stored.
- the memory is a hydrogen storage.
- the integrated system comprises both a hydrogen storage and a storage for ethyne-separated hydrocarbon-containing gases.
- the integrated plant may additionally comprise a device for changing the composition of a product gas obtained in the electrothermal production of ethyne before it is supplied to the plant for power generation.
- integrated system additionally comprises a device with which hydrogen obtained in the electrothermal production of ethyne as co-product can be converted to hydrocarbons by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or a methanation.
- the hydrocarbons thus obtained can be supplied together with ethyne separated hydrocarbons or separately from the plant for power generation.
- the integrated plant comprises a steam generator in the plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne, with which from the waste heat of the electrothermal process steam is generated, a device in which electricity is generated from steam, in the plant for power generation, and a Steam line, with the vapor generated in the steam generator of a device in which stream of steam is generated, is supplied.
- a steam generator in the plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne, with which from the waste heat of the electrothermal process steam is generated
- a device in which electricity is generated from steam in the plant for power generation
- a Steam line with the vapor generated in the steam generator of a device in which stream of steam is generated, is supplied.
- an indirect quench of the reaction gas obtained in an arc reactor is used as a steam generator.
- the device in which electricity is generated from steam is preferably a steam turbine or a steam engine and more preferably a steam turbine. Most preferred is the steam turbine Part of a combined cycle power plant.
- the integrated system according to the invention additionally comprises a memory for ethyne.
- This storage facility enables the continuous downstream conversion of ethyne to other products, even if little or no ethyne is produced at the low current supply in the electrothermal production plant of ethyne.
- the storage of ethyne is carried out in a solvent, more preferably in a solvent used to absorb ethyne in the separation of ethyne from the reaction mixture of the electrothermic production of ethyne.
- the integrated system according to the invention is connected to a weather forecast unit.
- a weather forecasting unit makes it possible to adjust the operation of the system so that on the one hand the possibility of using cheap excess electricity and the ability to provide electricity from the plant for power generation with low electricity supply and correspondingly high electricity price can be used and on the other always provide sufficient ethyne for the continuous operation of a downstream, ethy-consuming plant.
- a memory for ethyne can be brought to a high or low level.
- a plant for further processing of ethyne can be prepared and adjusted for changed operating modes.
- these parts of the system can be set to a reduced production output, so that a business interruption due to a lack of ethyne can be avoided.
- the integrated system may be connected to a unit for generating a consumption forecast, wherein this unit preferably has a data memory that includes data on the historical consumption.
- the historical consumption data can, for example, show the course of the day, the course of the week, the course of the year and further developments concerning electricity demand and / or electricity generation.
- the consumption forecast data can also take into account specific changes, for example, in the access or omission of a large consumer.
- the data store may also contain data about the historical history of electricity prices.
- the system for electrothermic production of ethyne is operated in the integrated system according to the invention in times of high electricity supply and stored at least part of next obtained ethyne hydrogen and / or gaseous hydrocarbons and stored in times of low electricity supply Hydrogen and / or gaseous hydrocarbons fed to the plant for power generation.
- hydrogen is stored in the process.
- the electricity supply can be present both a surplus of electricity and a power shortage.
- a surplus of electricity results if more electricity is generated from renewable energies at a time than total electricity is consumed at that time. Electricity surplus also occurs when large amounts of electrical energy are supplied from fluctuating renewable energies and throttling or shutting down power plants is associated with high costs.
- the cases of surplus power and power shortage described here can be identified in various ways.
- the prices on the power exchanges can be an indicator of the current situation, with a surplus of electricity leading to lower electricity prices and electricity shortfalls to higher electricity prices.
- An electricity surplus or electricity shortage can also exist without any direct effect on the electricity price. For example, there is a surplus of electricity even if the operator of a wind farm produces more power than he predicted and sold. Similarly, there can be a power shortage if it produces less power than it does predicted.
- the terms excess current and under current include all these cases.
- the process according to the invention is preferably operated in such a way that at least part of the electricity required for the electrothermal production of ethyne is generated from product gas obtained from the electrothermal production of ethyne by means of the plant comprising electricity generated by the integrated plant.
- the plant for electrothermal production of ethyne in times of high electricity supply, it is preferable to operate or shut down the power generation plant included in the integrated plant with reduced power, and a larger part of the electricity required for electrothermic production of ethyne would be a high current power supply taken.
- the plant for electrothermic production of ethyne is preferably operated or turned off at a reduced power and a smaller part of the electricity required for electrothermal production of ethy is taken from the power grid or electricity from the integrated power plant in the electricity grid.
- Storage of hydrogen and / or gaseous hydrocarbons obtained in addition to ethyin is preferably carried out in a reservoir encompassed by the integrated plant, more preferably in a reservoir arranged as described above between the plant for electrothermic production of ethyne and the plant for generating electricity.
- the storage can also be done in a separate memory, which is connected to the integrated system via a gas distribution line, such as a natural gas network.
- the nature of the memory is not critical, so that for this purpose a pressure tank, a liquid gas storage, a memory in which hydrocarbons are absorbed in a solvent, or a storage with gas adsorption on a solid can be used.
- a pressure tank for storage of hydrogen are also suitable chemical storage in which hydrogen is stored by a reversible chemical reaction.
- separate storage for hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbons obtained besides ethyne used.
- the capacity of the reservoir is preferably such that the amount of hydrogen and / or gaseous hydrocarbons produced by the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne under full load can be absorbed within 2 hours, more preferably the amount produced within 12 hours, and more particularly prefers the amount produced within 48 hours.
- the plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne has an arc reactor and the gas mixture obtained from the arc reactor is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing gas and / or a hydrocarbon-containing liquid for cooling.
- the hydrocarbons is endothermically split, so that cleavage products are obtained which have a higher energy content than the starting materials and supply to the plant for power generation provide a greater amount of electrical energy than would be obtained with supply of the starting materials.
- This embodiment thus enables storage of electric energy supplied to the arc reactor in the form of high-energy fission products.
- the type and / or amount of hydrocarbonaceous gas and / or liquid are selected depending on the expected electricity supply.
- This is particularly advantageous in a method in which a direct quench is used by addition of hydrocarbon-containing gas and / or liquid in combination with an indirect quench with steam generation, since then by the choice of type and / or amount of added in the direct quench Controlling hydrocarbons, the amount of heat generated in the arc reactor is stored in the form of fission products for later power generation and what is the proportion that is used immediately in the form of steam without storage for power generation.
- the electrical energy used to produce ethy comes at least partially from renewable energy, more preferably from wind power and / or solar energy.
- renewable energy more preferably from wind power and / or solar energy.
- Conventionally generated electricity may therefore be present as a "surplus" at times because for a power plant operator, shutting down a power plant may be more inefficient than delivering electricity below cost.This excess electrical energy obtained through the continued operation of conventional plants may be economically utilized by the present process , in particular, be stored.
- a gas-and-steam turbine power plant is used as a plant for power generation and it is at a high electricity supply, the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne with a capacity of more than 80% of the rated power and the plant for power generation operated at 0-50% of the nominal electrical power and operated at a low power supply, the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne with a power of 0-50% of the nominal power and the plant for power generation with more than 80% of the rated electrical power.
- the combined-cycle power plant is preferably operated with a power of at most 40% and particularly preferably at most 30% of the rated electrical power.
- the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne is preferably operated with a power of at most 40% and more preferably at most 30% of the nominal power.
- the rated electrical capacity of the power plant may either be a change in the amount of gas used or a change in the proportion of steam taken off as process steam and not used for power generation be set.
- both the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne and the plant for power generation are operated at a power at which the total amount of in the plant for electrothermic production of ethyne obtained in addition to ethyne hydrogen and / or gaseous hydrocarbons of the plant for power generation is supplied.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps
- the thresholds are set depending on the actual level of storage for ethyne or depending on the forecasts of the evolution of consumption and production of ethyne in the next few hours. For example, if the level of the ethyne reservoir falls to a low level, the threshold below which the power of the electrothermal production equipment of ethyne is reduced is set to a lower value.
- the supply of electricity can be determined either directly through coordination with electricity producers and / or electricity consumers or indirectly through trading platforms and / or through OTC procedures and an associated electricity price.
- the electricity supply is determined by coordination with power generators from wind energy and / or solar energy.
- the electricity supply is determined via the electricity price on a trading platform. If the supply of electricity is determined by matching with generators from wind energy and / or solar energy, the electric power of the plant for power generation is preferably changed when the first threshold value is exceeded according to the excess current and falls below the second threshold, the power of the plant for electrothermic production of ethyne accordingly changed the power penalty.
- the electrical output of the plant for power generation is preferably changed to a predetermined lower value when the first threshold value is exceeded and the output of the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne to a predetermined lower value falls below the second threshold value changed lower value.
- the absolute magnitude of the first threshold above which power reduction of the power plant is performed is not essential to this embodiment of the present method and may be determined by economic criteria. The same applies to the second predetermined value, below which there is a reduction in the power of the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne.
- the first predetermined and the second threshold are chosen equal.
- the electricity supply is calculated from the data of a weather forecast. Based on the predicted electricity supply, the above-mentioned threshold values for a power supply are then preferably selected such that a planned amount of ethyne is produced in the forecast period and the storage capacity for hydrogen and / or gaseous hydrocarbons obtained next to ethyne is not exceeded.
- the power generation plant is operated within a calendar year at least 4000 full load hours, preferably at least 5000 full load hours and more preferably at least 5500 full load hours.
- the arc reactors are preferably operated within a calendar year on average at least 2500 full load hours, preferably at least 4000 full load hours and more preferably at least 5000 full load hours.
- the full load hours are calculated according to the formula
- Full load hours production / capacity
- production is the quantity of ethin produced in one calendar year in tonnes
- capacity is the total rated capacity of the arc reactors in tonnes of ethyne per hour.
- the present integrated plant and process are suitable for producing ethyne in a very economical and resource efficient manner.
- Ethin can be converted into many valuable intermediates, whereby a surprising reduction of carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved.
- This surprising reduction is based on several synergistic factors.
- electricity from renewable energies can be used to produce ethin, whereby the production of ethin can be flexibly adapted to a supply of electricity.
- hydrogen can be obtained at a very high power efficiency, which can be used without the release of carbon dioxide to generate electrical energy.
- heat is often released during the production of the valuable secondary products. This waste heat can often be used to cover the heat demand in other parts of the process (eg distillative separation processes).
- the carbon dioxide emissions are reduced, if otherwise an oxidation of hydrocarbons to produce the process heat would be necessary.
- the specific enthalpy is higher than for other common hydrocarbons used as an alternative to the synthesis of the same end products as, for example, ethylene or propylene.
- more waste heat can be generated during the conversion and used for other applications.
- the ethyne produced is reacted to produce acetone, butanediol or unsaturated compounds having a molecular weight of at least 30 g / mol.
- the unsaturated compounds having a molecular weight of at least 30 g / mol include, in particular, vinyl ethers, preferably methyl vinyl ether or ethyl vinyl ether; Vinyl halides, preferably vinyl chloride; acrylonitrile; unsaturated alcohols, preferably allyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol, butynediol and / or butenediol; vinyl acetylene; Acrylic acid and acrylic ester; Esters of vinyl alcohol, preferably vinyl acetate; Butadiene and butene.
- the generated ethyne can also be selectively hydrogenated to ethene.
- gaseous by-products or suitable liquid by-products after evaporation can preferably be fed into the gas turbine.
- Solid residues can be converted into combustible gases, in particular using hydrogen, and then emitted in a gas turbine.
- the ethyne produced in the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne is converted into another product in at least one further process, and a by-product from this process is used in the power generation plant to generate electricity.
- the waste heat obtained in a reaction of the ethyne to an unsaturated compound having a molecular weight of at least 30 g / mol or other secondary compound can be at least partially used to generate electricity.
- the ethyne produced in the plant for the electrothermal production of ethyne is converted into a further product in at least one further process, and heat generated in this process is used in the power generation plant to generate electricity.
- FIG. Figure 1 Schematic structure of an integrated system according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic structure of an integrated system 10 according to the invention, comprising a system 12 for the electrothermal production of ethyne and a system 14 for power generation, wherein the integrated system 10 is connected to a central power grid 16.
- the individual devices can be connected directly to the central power grid 16 or, as shown in Figure 1, are connected via a switching point 18 for power transmission to the central power grid 16.
- the plant 12 for electrothermic production of ethyne is then connected via a first electrical connection line 20 to the switching point 18 for power transmission, the plant 14 for power generation is connected via a second electrical connection line 22 to the switching point 18 for power transmission and the switching point 18 for power transmission connected to the central power grid 16.
- This embodiment may have advantages in installation costs and / or operational expense.
- the integrated system 10 comprises a hydrogen storage 24, which can be filled via a first connection line 26 for hydrogen with hydrogen from the plant 12 for the electrothermal production of ethyne.
- hydrogen can be supplied via the second connecting line 28 for hydrogen of the plant 14 for generating electricity.
- a controller 30, which via a first KonnnunikationsENS 32 with the system 12 for the electrothermal production of ethyne, via a second communication link 34 to the system 14 for power generation, via a third communication link 36 with the Switching point 18 for power transmission and via a fourth communication link 38 is connected to the hydrogen storage 24.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020157017866A KR20150091511A (ko) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-08 | 전기의 유연한 사용을 위한 통합 시스템 및 방법 |
JP2015545715A JP2016502020A (ja) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-08 | 統合施設、及び、電力のフレキシブルな使用方法 |
RU2015126645A RU2015126645A (ru) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-08 | Объединенная система и способ гибкого использования электроэнергии |
SG11201504434XA SG11201504434XA (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-08 | Integrated system and method for the flexible use of electricity |
US14/648,036 US20150315936A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-08 | Integrated system and method for the flexible use of electricity |
CA2893810A CA2893810A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-08 | Integrated system and method for the flexible use of electricity |
EP13789282.4A EP2929585A1 (de) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-08 | Integrierte anlage und verfahren zum flexiblen einsatz von strom |
CN201380063425.0A CN104838530A (zh) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-08 | 灵活运用电力的集成系统和方法 |
TNP2015000229A TN2015000229A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2015-05-25 | Integrated system and method for the flexible use of electricity |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102012023833.9A DE102012023833A1 (de) | 2012-12-06 | 2012-12-06 | Integrierte Anlage und Verfahren zum flexiblen Einsatz von Strom |
DE102012023833.9 | 2012-12-06 |
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WO2014086546A1 true WO2014086546A1 (de) | 2014-06-12 |
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PCT/EP2013/073336 WO2014086546A1 (de) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-08 | Integrierte anlage und verfahren zum flexiblen einsatz von strom |
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US (1) | US20150315936A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2929585A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2016502020A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20150091511A (de) |
CN (1) | CN104838530A (de) |
AR (1) | AR093658A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2893810A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012023833A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2015126645A (de) |
SG (1) | SG11201504434XA (de) |
TN (1) | TN2015000229A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW201442994A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014086546A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2015036321A1 (de) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-19 | Evonik Industries Ag | Anlage und verfahren zur effizienten nutzung von überschüssiger elektrischer energie |
Families Citing this family (5)
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DE102012113051A1 (de) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Evonik Industries Ag | Verfahren zur Erbringung von Regelleistung zur Stabilisierung eines Wechselstromnetzes, umfassend einen Energiespeicher |
KR101802686B1 (ko) | 2013-12-04 | 2017-12-28 | 에보닉 데구사 게엠베하 | 전기의 유연한 사용을 위한 디바이스 및 방법 |
EP3026015A1 (de) | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-01 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von silicium hohlkörpern |
JP2019082118A (ja) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-30 | 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 | 石炭ガス化発電設備 |
EP4105541A1 (de) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-21 | Linde GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ermitteln eines füllgrades eines ethinspeichers |
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WO2002026378A1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-04 | University Of Wyoming | Conversion of methane and hydrogen sulfide in non-thermal silent and pulsed corona discharge reactors |
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DE102009018126A1 (de) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-14 | Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg | Energieversorgungssystem und Betriebsverfahren |
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US3622493A (en) | 1968-01-08 | 1971-11-23 | Francois A Crusco | Use of plasma torch to promote chemical reactions |
US4367363A (en) | 1980-12-23 | 1983-01-04 | Gaf Corporation | Production of acetylene |
DE3330750A1 (de) | 1983-08-26 | 1985-03-14 | Chemische Werke Hüls AG, 4370 Marl | Verfahren zur erzeugung von acetylen und synthese- oder reduktionsgas aus kohle in einem lichtbogenprozess |
DE4332789A1 (de) | 1993-09-27 | 1995-03-30 | Abb Research Ltd | Verfahren zur Speicherung von Energie |
RU2429217C2 (ru) | 2006-02-21 | 2011-09-20 | Басф Се | Способ получения ацетилена |
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2012
- 2012-12-06 DE DE102012023833.9A patent/DE102012023833A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-11-08 JP JP2015545715A patent/JP2016502020A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-11-08 WO PCT/EP2013/073336 patent/WO2014086546A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-11-08 EP EP13789282.4A patent/EP2929585A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-11-08 US US14/648,036 patent/US20150315936A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-11-08 CA CA2893810A patent/CA2893810A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-11-08 KR KR1020157017866A patent/KR20150091511A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-11-08 RU RU2015126645A patent/RU2015126645A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-11-08 CN CN201380063425.0A patent/CN104838530A/zh active Pending
- 2013-11-08 SG SG11201504434XA patent/SG11201504434XA/en unknown
- 2013-11-29 AR ARP130104403A patent/AR093658A1/es unknown
- 2013-12-03 TW TW102144277A patent/TW201442994A/zh unknown
-
2015
- 2015-05-25 TN TNP2015000229A patent/TN2015000229A1/fr unknown
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US20020000085A1 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2002-01-03 | Hall Kenneth R. | Method for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
WO2002026378A1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-04 | University Of Wyoming | Conversion of methane and hydrogen sulfide in non-thermal silent and pulsed corona discharge reactors |
US20050065391A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-03-24 | Synfuels International, Inc. | Process for the conversion of natural gas to hydrocarbon liquids |
DE102009018126A1 (de) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-14 | Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg | Energieversorgungssystem und Betriebsverfahren |
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WO2015036321A1 (de) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-19 | Evonik Industries Ag | Anlage und verfahren zur effizienten nutzung von überschüssiger elektrischer energie |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201442994A (zh) | 2014-11-16 |
DE102012023833A1 (de) | 2014-06-12 |
SG11201504434XA (en) | 2015-07-30 |
TN2015000229A1 (en) | 2016-10-03 |
US20150315936A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
JP2016502020A (ja) | 2016-01-21 |
EP2929585A1 (de) | 2015-10-14 |
KR20150091511A (ko) | 2015-08-11 |
RU2015126645A (ru) | 2017-01-12 |
AR093658A1 (es) | 2015-06-17 |
CN104838530A (zh) | 2015-08-12 |
CA2893810A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
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