Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/41—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
  • C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/40—Additives
  • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
  • C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
  • A61K2800/30—Characterized by the absence of a particular group of ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/52—Stabilizers

Definitions

• This invention relates to aminoalcohol compounds and their use as freeze-thaw stabilizers.
• the problem addressed by this invention is the provision of non-glycol based freeze- thaw stabilizers for consumer and commercial formulations, such as paints and coatings and personal care products, in need of such stabilization.
• aminoalcohol compounds of the formula I as described below function as highly efficient freeze thaw stabilizers.
• the compounds exhibit low VOC and are therefore viable low VOC alternatives to conventional freeze thaw stabilizers, such as glycol compounds.
• the invention relates to a method for providing freeze- thaw stability to a formulation in need of such stabilization, the method comprising including in the formulation a freeze-thaw stabilizer, wherein the freeze-thaw stabilizer is a compound of formula I:
• R and R are independently H, linear or branched Ci-Cw alkyl, or C 3 -Q 2 cycloalkyl.
• the invention relates to an aqueous based paint or coating comprising a freeze-thaw stabilizer, a binder, a carrier, and optionally a neutralizing agent, wherein the freeze-thaw stabilizer is a compound of formula I:
• R and R are independently H, linear or branched Q-CK) alkyl, or C 3 -Q 2 cycloalkyl, and wherein the aqueous based paint or coating is glycol-free.
• numeric ranges for instance as in “from 2 to 10,” are inclusive of the numbers defining the range (e.g., 2 and 10).
• ratios, percentages, parts, and the like are by weight.
• glycol-free and like terms mean that a formulation comprises less than 1 wt , preferably less than 0.5 wt and more preferably less than 0.2 wt , of a glycol (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol) based on the weight of the formulation.
• the formulation can comprise some minimal amount, e.g., less than 1 wt , of glycol for purposes other than as a freeze-thaw agent, but this amount is insufficient to impart to the formulation sufficient freeze-thaw properties so as to pass the 5-cycle freeze-thaw (F/T) test described in the examples.
• Freeze-thaw stability means that the formulation is able to pass the 5-cycle freeze- thaw F/T test described in the examples.
• Low-VOC formulation and like terms mean an organic volatile content of 50 grams or less per liter of formulation, such as paint or coating (water excluded) for the entire formulation.
• Zero-VOC formulation and like terms mean an organic volatile content of 5 grams or less per liter of formulation (water excluded) for the entire formulation. Total organic volatile content may be calculated by using information for the individual raw materials. Organic volatile content of raw materials (other than the aminoalcohol compounds of the invention) may be measured using well known tests, such as the EPA24 test method.
• Zero or low VOC compound and like terms mean that a particular compound has a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of at least 280°C.
• the invention provides aminoalcohols that are useful as freeze-thaw stabilizers.
• the aminoalcohols are compounds of the formula I:
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H, linear or branched Q-CK) alkyl, or C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl.
• R 1 in formula I is linear or branched CrC 6 alkyl
• linear or branched CrC 4 alkyl or alternatively it is methyl, ethyl, or propyl.
• R in formula I is linear or branched CrC 6 alkyl
• linear or branched C C 4 alkyl or alternatively, it is methyl, ethyl, or propyl.
• R 1 and R 2 are the same and are both H, or both linear or branched CrC 6 alkyl, alternatively both linear or branched CrC 4 alkyl, or alternatively both methyl, ethyl, or propyl.
• Preferred compounds of formula I include: 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane- 1 ,3-diol, 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)- 1 ,3-propanediol; 2-(diethylamino)-2- (hydroxymethyl)- 1 ,3-propanediol; 2-(dipropylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)- 1 ,3-propanediol; and 2-[bis(2-methylpropyl)amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol.
• a particularly preferred compound is 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol.
• Particularly preferred compounds of formula I include 2-amino-2- (hydroxymethyl)propane-l,3-diol (TA) and 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3- propanediol (DMTA).
• TA 2-amino-2- (hydroxymethyl)propane-l,3-diol
• DMTA 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3- propanediol
• Compounds of formula I may be prepared by those skilled in the art using well known techniques or they may be purchased from commercial sources.
• the compounds may be used in the invention in neutral form or as acid salts.
• Suitable acids for the salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, boric acid, lactic acid, pelargonic acid, nonanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, undecylenic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and like materials.
• the compounds of formula I may be used as freeze-thaw stabilizers in consumer and commercial formulations that need such stabilization.
• the amount of the formula I compound that should be used in a formulation for providing freeze-thaw stability can be readily determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art. By way of non-limiting example, the amount may be from 0.1 to 10 percent by weight based on the total weight of the formulation.
• Preferred formulations in which the compounds of formula I may be used as freeze- thaw stabilizers include personal care products and aqueous based paints or coatings.
• Aqueous based paints or coatings are particularly preferred.
• Aqueous based paint or coating formulations are used to provide protective and/or decorative barriers for residential and industrial surfaces, such as for floors, automobiles, exteriors and interiors of houses, and other buildings.
• paint or coating formulation in addition to comprising a freeze-thaw stabilizer, also comprises a binder and a carrier.
• a pigment may also be included where a pigmented paint or coating is desired.
• the formulation may contain other additives commonly used in paints and coatings including, but not limited to, leveling agents and surfactants, thickeners, rheology modifiers, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, co-dispersants, and biocides.
• Binders are included in the paint and coating formulations to provide a network in which the other additives are dispersed and suspended. Binders also function as the primary film forming component of the finished coating, provide integrity and adhesion for the coated film and overall protect the substrate from the external environment.
• binders there are two classes of binders: latex binders are used in aqueous based formulations, and alkyd-based binders are used in non-aqueous formulations, ultimately resulting in latex paints and coatings and alkyd paints and coatings, respectively.
• the binders are typically prepared by free radical initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing alkyl acrylate (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and/or 2-ethylhexylacrylate), alkyl methacrylate, vinyl alcohol/acetate, styrene, and/or acrylonitrile and ethylene type monomers.
• alkyl acrylate methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and/or 2-ethylhexylacrylate
• alkyl methacrylate alkyl methacrylate
• vinyl alcohol/acetate styrene
• acrylonitrile and ethylene type monomers acrylonitrile and ethylene type monomers.
• the amount of the binder in the formulations of the invention can be the amount conventionally used in paint and coating formulations.
• the amount of binder solids may be from about 2% to about 75%, alternatively from about 5% to about 65%, or alternatively from about 20% to about 55%, by weight based on the total weight of the formulation.
• the formulations also contain a carrier in which the formulation ingredients are dissolved, dispersed, and/or suspended.
• the carrier is usually water, although other water-based solutions such as water-alcohol mixtures and the like may be used.
• the aqueous carrier generally makes up the balance of the formulation, after all the other ingredients have been accounted for.
• Neutralizers may be included in aqueous based paints or coatings in order to neutralize residual acid moieties or to raise the pH to a desired value, sometimes between about 8 and 10.
• Suitable neutralizers are well known in the industry and include, without limitation, ammonia, amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP), monoethanolamine (MEA), inorganic bases such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
• Compounds of formula I may also be used as neutralizers, in which they may provide the dual function of freeze-thaw additive and neutralizing agent.
• Pigments may be included to provide hiding power and a desired color to the final coated material and may also be used to provide bulk to the paint or coating. While multiple pigments may be present in end-use paints or coatings, sometimes only white pigment, such as titanium oxide, perhaps in combination with extender pigments such as calcium carbonate and/or kaolin clay, is added in the early stages of the formation of the formulation. Any other desired pigments of various colors (including more white pigment) can optionally be added at the later stages of, or after, the formulation is completed.
• white pigment such as titanium oxide
• extender pigments such as calcium carbonate and/or kaolin clay
• Pigments may be organic or inorganic.
• pigments can include, but are not limited to, titanium dioxide, kaolin clay, calcined kaolin clay, carbon black, iron oxide black, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide red, iron oxide brown, organic red pigments, including quinacridone red and metallized and non-metallized azo reds (e.g., lithols, lithol rubine, toluidine red, naphthol red), phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, mono- or di-arylide yellow, benzimidazolone yellow, heterocyclic yellow, quinacridone magenta, quinacridone violet, and the like, and any combination thereof.
• quinacridone red metallized and non-metallized azo reds
• Paint and coating formulations may be manufactured by conventional paint manufacturing techniques, which are well known to those skilled in the art.
• the formulations are manufactured by a two-step process.
• a dispersion phase commonly referred to as the grind phase, is prepared by mixing the dry pigments (if present) with other grind phase components, including most other solid powder formulation materials, under constant high shear agitation to provide a high viscosity and high solids mixture.
• This part of the process is designed to effectively wet and dis-agglomerate the dry materials and stabilize them in an aqueous dispersion.
• the second step of the paint manufacturing process is commonly referred to as the letdown or thindown phase, because the viscous grind is diluted with the remaining formulation components, which are generally less viscous than the grind mix.
• the binders, any predispersed pigments, and any other paint materials that only require mixing and perhaps moderate shear are incorporated during the letdown phase.
• the letdown phase may be done either by sequentially adding the letdown components into a vessel containing the grind mix, or by adding the grind mix into a vessel containing a premix of the latex resins and other letdown components, followed by sequential addition of the final letdown components. In either case, constant agitation is needed, although application of high shear is not required.
• the compounds of formula I are preferably added late in the formulation (e.g., during the letdown phase of the manufacturing process, as described above).
• the compounds of the invention function as zero or low VOC freeze-thaw (F/T) stabilizers. Because of their ability to function as freeze thaw stabilizers, known F/T stabilizers, such as glycols, may be eliminated from formulations, such as paints and coating. This has the advantage of potentially further reducing the VOC of a formulation.
• F/T stabilizers such as glycols
• the invention provides a glycol-free, low VOC formulation comprising a compound of formula I as an F/T stabilizer.
• the formulation is a paint or coating.
• a glycol-free, low VOC paint or coating formulation of the invention may comprise in weight percent (wt%) based on the weight of the formulation: 5 to 35% of a binder; 10 to 30% pigment; 0.2 to 10% compound of formula I; and 30 to 60% carrier.
• the pH of the formulation is in a range between 7 and 13.
• 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-l,3- diol (TA) or 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol (DMTA) are preferred F/T stabilizers.
• the paint or coating it is desirable for the paint or coating to contain 2-amino-2- (hydroxymethyl)propane-l,3-diol (TA) as the freeze-thaw stabilizer and, in addition to conventional components such as carriers and binders, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP) as a neutralizer.
• TA 2-amino-2- (hydroxymethyl)propane-l,3-diol
• AMP 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol
• it is desirable for the paint or coating to contain 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol (DMTA) as the freeze-thaw stabilizer and, in addition to conventional components such as carriers and binders, 2- amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP) as a neutralizer.
• DMTA 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol
• AMP
• TA 2-amino-2- (hydroxymethyl)propane-l,3-diol
• DMTA 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3- propanediol
• the paint formulation used for testing is shown in Table 1.
• AMP available as AMP-95® from The Dow Chemical Company
• AMP-95® a neutralizer in most of the studies.
• the AMP is added in sequence at two different places as indicated in table 1. However, when 10% KOH is used as a neutralizer instead, only 0.1 wt% is used and it is added at once.
• “blank” refers to a paint sample that contains no post-additives and the paint sample is not subjected to any F/T cycles.
• Example 1 TA and DMTA is added to the paint samples as F/T post-add at 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt% and 2 wt%.
• the paints in this example is neutralized with AMP-95.
• Example 2 TA and DMTA is added to the paint samples as F/T post-add at 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt% and 2 wt%.
• the paints in this example is neutralized with DMTA.
• Example 3 TA and DMTA is added to the paint samples as F/T post-add at 0.2 wt , 0.3 wt , 0.5 wt , 1 wt , and 2 wt .
• the paints in this example is neutralized with KOH solution.
• a paint sample is prepared with propylene glycol (PG) post- added at 2 wt .
• PG propylene glycol
• Ah, Aa and Ab are the differences between the sample (the paint with a post-additive) and the reference (blank paint) of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) color space L, a, b values.
• ⁇ 0.5 is considered to be the just noticeable difference value between the colors of the reference and the sample paints.
• the paint samples containing TA or DMTA as freeze thaw additives do not have any glycol added to them. These samples are compared with paints that contain 2 wt % of propylene glycol as a benchmark.
• the "blank" paint that does not contain any F/T additive such as PG, TA or DMTA does not survive more than one (1) F/T cycle and solidifies rendering it ineffectual as paint.
• Table 2 Viscosity of different paint samples containing DMTA and TA after each F/T cycle and when 0.2 wt of AMP-95 is used as neutralizer.
• Post F/T viscosity of the paint samples that contain TA or DMTA post-additive at 0.3 or 0.5 wt% is at par with the viscosity of the paint samples that contain the same post-additive at 1 or 2 wt%. It can be noted from Table 2 that the post F/T viscosities of the paint samples that contain TA or DMTA post-additives as low as 0.2 wt% are lower than that of the paint sample containing PG post-additive at 2 wt%. Thus showing the effectiveness of the TA and DMTA as F/T additive.
• Tables 3, 4 and 5 outline some of the basic paint properties of the paints that have undergone five (5) freeze thaw cycles.
• the reference paint in these measurements is a blank paint, which neither has a freeze thaw additive nor does it get subjected to any freeze-thaw cycle.
• the paint samples are considered to have retained the opacity, when the difference is within 1%.
• all paint samples retain opacity post F/T.
• whiteness as listed in Table 5, except for the case when TA is present at 0.2 wt%, is retained even after undergoing 5 F/T cycles.
• Table 4 Gloss data on paint samples with DMTA and TA additives that are subjected to 5 F/T cycles and when 0.2 wt% of AMP-95 is used as neutralizer.
• Table 5 Whiteness data on paint samples with DMTA and TA additives that are subjected to 5 F/T cycles and when 0.2 wt% of AMP-95 is used as neutralizer.
• Table 6 outlines the viscosity changes observed in paint samples at each F/T cycle. These samples do not have any glycol added to them.
• Table 6 Viscosity of different paint samples containing DMTA and TA after each F/T cycle and when 0.2 wt of DMTA is used as neutralizer.
• Table 6 the term "gel” indicates that a coagulum is formed in the paint sample post freeze-thaw and the paint cannot be reformed even after stirring the sample.
• Table 7 Opacity data on paint samples with DMTA and TA additives that are subjected to 5 F/T cycles and when 0.2 wt of DMTA is used as F/T additive and as a neutralizer.
• Table 8 Gloss data on paint samples with DMTA and TA additives that are subjected to 5 F/T cycles and when 0.2 wt% of DMTA is used as neutralizer.
• Table 9 Whiteness data on paint samples with DMTA and TA additives that are subjected to 5 F/T cycles and when 0.2 wt% of DMTA is used as neutralizer.
• gel indicates that a coagulum is formed in the paint sample post freeze-thaw and the paint cannot be reformed even after stirring the sample.
• Table 11 Opacity data on paint samples with DMTA and TA additives that are subjected to 5 F/T cycles and when 0.1 wt% of 10% KOH is used as neutralizer.
• Table 12 and 13 indicates that opacity and gloss of the paint samples are retained post F/T cycles when TA or DMTA is added at 2.0 wt%. The whiteness is retained (color difference ⁇ ⁇ 0.5) for all paint samples that survive 5 F/T cycles as compared to the blank paint.
• Table 12 Gloss data on paint samples with DMTA and TA additives that are subjected to 5 F/T cycles and when 0.1 wt% of 10% KOH is used as neutralizer.
• Table 13 Whiteness data on paint samples with DMTA and TA additives that are subjected to 5 F/T cycles and when 0.1 wt% of 10% KOH is used as neutralizer.

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