WO2014081415A1 - Pixel à base de guide d'onde directionnel destiné à être utilisé dans un écran d'affichage multi-vue - Google Patents

Pixel à base de guide d'onde directionnel destiné à être utilisé dans un écran d'affichage multi-vue Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014081415A1
WO2014081415A1 PCT/US2012/066063 US2012066063W WO2014081415A1 WO 2014081415 A1 WO2014081415 A1 WO 2014081415A1 US 2012066063 W US2012066063 W US 2012066063W WO 2014081415 A1 WO2014081415 A1 WO 2014081415A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waveguide
directional
grating
layer
based pixel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/066063
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James A Brug
Patricia A. Beck
David A Fattal
Zhen PENG
Yoocharn Jeon
Original Assignee
Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp filed Critical Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp
Priority to PCT/US2012/066063 priority Critical patent/WO2014081415A1/fr
Publication of WO2014081415A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014081415A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/33—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving directional light or back-light sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/32—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using arrays of controllable light sources; using moving apertures or moving light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/30—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating
    • G02F2201/302—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating grating coupler

Definitions

  • a light field is a set of all light rays traveling in every direction through every point in space. Any natural, real-world scene can be fully characterized by its light field, providing information on the intensity, color, and direction of all light rays passing through the scene. The goal is to enable viewers of a display screen to experience a scene as one would experience it in person.
  • 3D displays have recently emerged but suffer from inefficiencies in angular and spatial resolution in addition to providing a limited number of views. Examples include 3D displays based on holograms, parallax barriers, or lenticular lenses.
  • a common theme among these displays is the difficulty to fabricate displays for light fields that are controlled with precision at the pixel level in order to achieve good image quality for a wide range of viewing angles and spatial resolutions.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a waveguide-based directional pixel platform in accordance with various examples
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the waveguide-based directional pixel platform of FIG. 1 with an additional layer
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a waveguide-based directional pixel platform in accordance with various other examples.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a waveguide-based directional pixel platform in accordance with yet other examples.
  • a directional waveguide-based, pixel platform for use in a multiview display screen is disclosed.
  • the directional waveguide-based pixel platform enables multiple views of a 3D image to be generated from incoming light rays with a substantially planar structure.
  • the pixel structure closely integrates a photonic waveguide (used to steer the direction of the incoming light rays) with a liquid crystal layer (used to modulate the intensity of the light rays) to achieve large viewing angles with a natural and continuous change of view.
  • the directional waveguide-based pixel platform has a waveguide layer composed of a waveguide and a plurality of patterned gratings to guide an input light beam into output directional light beams.
  • the input light beam propagates in the waveguide in substantially the same plane as the waveguide, which is designed to be substantially planar.
  • Each patterned grating may be formed, of substantially parallel and slanted grooves.
  • the waveguide may be formed of a dielectric or a polymer material, among others, that is sufficiently different in index from adjacent layers to allow light to propagate in a controlled manner.
  • each patterned grating may be specified by a grating length (i.e., dimension along the propagation axis of the input light beams), a grating width (i.e., dimension across the propagation axis of the input light beams), a groove orientation, a pitch, and a duty cycle (e.g., the ratio of width of the formed grooves HP 82963260 PATENT
  • Each patterned grating may emit a directional light beam with a direction that is determined by the groove orientation and the grating pitch, and with an angular spread that is determined by the grating length and width.
  • the second Fourier coefficient of the patterned grating vanishes, thereby preventing the scattering of light in additional unwanted directions and ensuring that only one directional light beam emerges from a patterned grating regardless of the output angle.
  • the directional light beam scattered by each patterned grating is modulated by a liquid crystal layer placed above the waveguide layer.
  • Various configurations of active matrices and electrodes may be designed to control the liquid crystal layer.
  • One configuration may include a liquid crystal layer interposed between an active matrix substrate and the waveguide layer.
  • Another configuration may include a liquid crystal layer interposed between a transparent electrode substrate layer and the waveguide layer, with a transparent patterned electrode controlled by an active matrix placed between each patterned grating and the waveguide.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of a waveguide-based directional pixel platform in accordance with various examples is described.
  • Directional pixel platform 100 is shown with directional pixels lQ5a-e.
  • Each directional pixel lQ5a-c includes a liquid crystal layer 110 interposed between an active matrix substrate 115 and a waveguide layer 120, The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 110 is determined by the spacing between the active matrix substrate 115 and. the waveguide layer 120 and is kept small, ranging from 1-10 ⁇ . This enables the direction of the light emitted from the patterned grating to be at a large angle, allowing a wide field of view for the 3D image. A typical field of view would be 90°, though larger angles approaching 180° are possible.
  • the waveguide layer 120 is composed of a waveguide 125, an electrode layer 130, and patterned gratings 135a-e placed on top of the electrode layer 130.
  • An input light beam 140 propagates HP 82963260 PATENT
  • the directional light beams 145a-c are modulated by the active matrix substrate 1 15 which may be composed of a thin film transistor ("TFT") active matrix (or other such active matrix) and individually addressable electrodes 150a-c.
  • the patterned gratings 135a-c are formed of substantially parallel grooves (e.g., groove 155) with about the same thickness, resulting in a substantially planar design.
  • the grooves can be formed from the material of the electrode layer 130 or made of any material formed and patterned (or patterned and formed) on top of the electrode layer 130 with suitable index properties to steer the input light beam in a desirable fashion, by for instance, causing the total internal reflection to be interrupted. Suitable materials may be dielectrics, polymers and metals, among others.
  • the electrode layer 130 provides a first electrode for the individually addressable electrodes I SOa-e in the active matrix substrate 1 15.
  • Each directional fight beam 145a-c has a direction and angular spread that depends on characteristics of its corresponding patterned grating 135a-c.
  • the direction of each directional light beam 145a-c is determined by the in plane orientation and the grating pitch of its corresponding patterned grating 135a-c.
  • the angular spread of each directional light beam 145a-c is in turn determined by the grating length and width of its corresponding patterned grating 135a-e.
  • the direction of directional light beam 145a is determined by the in plane orientation and the grating pitch of patterned grating 135a
  • the angular spread, of directional light beam 145b is determined by the grating length and width of the patterned grating 135b.
  • each patterned grating ! 35a-e is substantially on the same plane as the input light beam 140 when generating the directional light beams 145a-c.
  • the directional pixels 105a-c are designed to provide for precise control of the direction and angular spread of the directional light beams 145a-c, enabling multiple image views to be formed.
  • the directional light beams 145a-e are HP 82963260 PATENT
  • the grating length L of a given patterned grating controls the angular spread ⁇ of the directional light beam scattered by the patterned grating (e.g., directional light beams 140a-c respectively scattered by patterned gratings 135a-e) along the input light propagation axis.
  • the grating width W of the given patterned, grating also controls the angular spread ⁇ of the directional light beam scattered by the given patterned grating across the input light propagation axis, as follows:
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the directional light beam scattered by the patterned grating.
  • the grating length L and the grating width W can vary in size in the range of 1 to 200 ⁇ .
  • the groove orientation angle ⁇ and the grating pitch ⁇ may be set to satisfy a desired direction of a directional light beam, with, for example, the groove orientation angle ⁇ on the order of -40 to +40 degrees and the grating pitch ⁇ on the order of 200-700 nm.
  • pixel platform 100 is shown with three directional pixels lOSa-e for purposes of illustration only.
  • a pixel platform in accordance with various examples can be designed to achieve a very high density of directional pixels (e.g., in the order of many thousands), depending on how the pixel platform 100 is used (e.g., in a 3D display screen, in a 3D watch, in a mobile device, etc.)
  • the patterned grating in each directional pixel may have any shape, including for example, a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or other geometrical shape.
  • any narrow-bandwidth light source may be used to generate the input light beam 140 (e.g., a laser or LED) for waveguide 125.
  • a backlight or other similar structure may be integrated with the pixel platform 100 to provide the light source needed to generate the directional light beams 145a-e scattered from each directional pixel l lQa-c.
  • HP 82963260 PATENT may be used to generate the input light beam 140 (e.g., a laser or LED) for waveguide 125.
  • a backlight or other similar structure may be integrated with the pixel platform 100 to provide the light source needed to generate the directional light beams 145a-e scattered from each directional pixel l lQa-c.
  • pixel platform 100 may be integrated with other layers, including, for example, one or more polarizers and alignment layers.
  • FIG. 2 shows the waveguide-based directional pixel platform of FIG. 1 with an additional layer.
  • Directional pixel platform 200 is shown with directional pixels 205a-c.
  • a thin (e.g., 20 - 100 ⁇ ) transparent substrate layer with a thin transparent substrate 260 and an electrode layer 265 is interposed between the liquid crystal layer 210 and the waveguide layer 220 composed of waveguide 225, electrode 230, and gratings 235a- c.
  • This thin transparent substrate layer enables the liquid crystal layer 210 and the active matrix 215 to be fabricated in part or as a foil liquid crystal display (shuttering layers) independently from the photonic layers.
  • the shutter layei s) would then be assembled at a later stage of manufacturing to the patterned gratings 235a-e. This simplifies the fabrication and retains the ability of the directional light beams 245 a-c to be scattered from input light beam 240 at large viewing angles. It is appreciated that by adding electrode layer 265, electrode 230 may be removed from the waveguide layer 220,
  • FIG. 3 shows another example of a waveguide-based directional pixel platform.
  • an electrode layer 330 is placed on top of patterned gratings 335a-c rather than below as seen in FIG. 1 .
  • Directional pixel platform 300 is shown with directional pixels 305a-c.
  • Each directional pixel 305a-c includes a liquid, crystal layer 310 interposed between an active matrix substrate 315 and a waveguide layer 320.
  • the waveguide layer 320 is composed of a waveguide 325, an electrode layer 330, and patterned gratings 335a-c placed below the electrode layer 330.
  • An input light beam 340 propagates in the waveguide 325 and is scattered by the patterned, gratings 335a-c into directional light beams 345a-c.
  • the directional light beams 345a-c are modulated by the active matrix substrate 31 and individually addressable electrodes 350a-c.
  • the patterned gratings 335a-c are formed of substantially parallel grooves.
  • the grooves can be formed from the material of the electrode layer 330 or can be made of any material formed and patterned (or patterned and formed) on top of the electrode layer 330 with suitable index properties to steer the input light beam in a desirable fashion, by for instance, causing the total internal reflection to be interrupted. Suitable materials may be dielectrics, polymers and metals, among others.
  • the electrode layer 330 provides a first electrode for the individually addressable electrodes 350a-c in the active matrix substrate 315. Similar to FIG. 1 , each HP 82963260 PATENT
  • directional light beam 345a-c has a direction and. angular spread that depends on characteristics of its corresponding patterned grating 335a-c.
  • the angular spread of each directional light beam 345a-c is in turn determmed by the grating length and width of its corresponding patterned, grating 335a-c.
  • FIG. 4 a waveguide-based directional pixel platform in accordance with various other examples is described.
  • an active matrix with individually addressable electrodes is integrated directly into a waveguide layer.
  • Directional pixel platform 400 is shown with directional pixels 4G5a-e.
  • Each directional pixel 405a-c includes a liquid crystal layer 410 interposed between a transparent electrode substrate layer 415 and a waveguide layer 420.
  • the transparent electrode substrate layer 415 is composed of a transparent substrate 425 and an electrode 430.
  • the waveguide layer 420 is composed of a waveguide 425, an active matrix with individually addressable electrodes 440a-e, and patterned gratings 435a-c placed directly on top of the active matrix and electrodes 440a-c.
  • An input light beam 445 propagates in the waveguide 425 and. is scattered by the patterned gratings 435a-c into directional light beams 45Qa-c.
  • the directional light beams 450a-c are modulated by the acti ve matrix and electrodes 440a-c. Similar to FIGS. 1-3, each directional light beam 450a-c has a direction and angular spread that depends on characteristics of its corresponding patterned grating 435a-c. The angular spread of each directional light beam 450a-c is in turn determmed by the grating length and width of its corresponding patterned grating 435a-c.
  • the precise control that is achieved with the directional pixels in the directional waveguide-based pixels shown in FIGS. 1-4 enables a 3D image to be generated with a substantially planar structure.
  • Different configurations of directional pixels can generate different 3D images.
  • the directional pixels described herein can be used to provide 3D images in display screens (e.g., in TVs, mobile devices, tablets, video game devices, and so on) as well as in other applications, such as, for example, 3D watches. 3D art devices, 3D medical devices, among others.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un pixel à base de guide d'onde directionnel destiné à être utilisé dans un écran d'affichage multi-vue. Le pixel à guide d'onde directionnel comporte une couche de cristaux liquides interposée entre la couche de guide d'onde et une couche de substrat. La couche de guide d'onde comprend un guide d'onde et un réseau à motifs pour la dispersion d'un faisceau lumineux d'entrée en une pluralité de faisceaux lumineux directionnels, chaque faisceau lumineux directionnel ayant une direction et un étalement angulaire contrôlés par des caractéristiques du réseau à motifs. Une matrice active avec des électrodes adressables individuellement peut être intégrée dans la couche de substrat ou dans la couche de guide d'onde pour moduler les faisceaux lumineux directionnels.
PCT/US2012/066063 2012-11-20 2012-11-20 Pixel à base de guide d'onde directionnel destiné à être utilisé dans un écran d'affichage multi-vue WO2014081415A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/066063 WO2014081415A1 (fr) 2012-11-20 2012-11-20 Pixel à base de guide d'onde directionnel destiné à être utilisé dans un écran d'affichage multi-vue

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PCT/US2012/066063 WO2014081415A1 (fr) 2012-11-20 2012-11-20 Pixel à base de guide d'onde directionnel destiné à être utilisé dans un écran d'affichage multi-vue

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CN106292049A (zh) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-04 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板和显示装置
CN106292051A (zh) * 2016-10-21 2017-01-04 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示装置及其显示方法
CN106292052A (zh) * 2016-10-24 2017-01-04 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示面板和装置
CN106324898A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-01-11 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及显示装置
CN106547144A (zh) * 2017-02-03 2017-03-29 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 彩膜基板和显示面板
CN106681047A (zh) * 2017-01-12 2017-05-17 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种液晶显示面板、显示装置及其驱动方法
CN106959544A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2017-07-18 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种背光模组、液晶显示器及其制备工艺
CN106997101A (zh) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-01 三星电子株式会社 定向背光单元、三维(3d)图像显示装置和3d图像显示方法
US9791696B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2017-10-17 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Waveguide gratings to improve intensity distributions
CN107479253A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-15 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种透明显示装置
US9915825B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2018-03-13 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Waveguides with embedded components to improve intensity distributions
WO2018076961A1 (fr) * 2016-10-24 2018-05-03 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Panneau d'affichage et dispositif d'affichage
WO2018076900A1 (fr) * 2016-10-24 2018-05-03 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Dispositif d'affichage
WO2018125091A1 (fr) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 Leia Inc. Dispositifs d'affichage multi-vues à structure de support réfléchissante
EP3250960A4 (fr) * 2015-01-28 2018-09-26 LEIA Inc. Dispositif d'affichage électronique en trois dimensions (3d)
CN109061932A (zh) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-21 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种透明显示面板和透明显示装置
TWI663438B (zh) * 2017-01-30 2019-06-21 美商雷亞有限公司 採用電漿子多光束元件的多視角背光板、顯示器及方法
US10359627B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2019-07-23 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Waveguide coatings or substrates to improve intensity distributions having adjacent planar optical component separate from an input, output, or intermediate coupler
US10429687B2 (en) * 2016-10-25 2019-10-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Directional backlight unit and three-dimensional image display apparatus having the same
US10712603B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2020-07-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Three-dimensional image display apparatus including diffractive color filter
WO2020199763A1 (fr) * 2019-04-02 2020-10-08 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Panneau et dispositif d'affichage, procédé de commande de panneau d'affichage et moyen de stockage
WO2020211625A1 (fr) * 2019-04-17 2020-10-22 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Dispositif d'affichage et son procédé d'affichage
US11016235B2 (en) 2017-02-28 2021-05-25 Leia Inc. Multiview backlighting having a color-tailored emission pattern
US11143811B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2021-10-12 Leia Inc. Multiview backlighting employing fluorescent multibeam elements

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EP3250960A4 (fr) * 2015-01-28 2018-09-26 LEIA Inc. Dispositif d'affichage électronique en trois dimensions (3d)
US11194086B2 (en) 2015-01-28 2021-12-07 Leia Inc. Three-dimensional (3D) electronic display
US9791696B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2017-10-17 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Waveguide gratings to improve intensity distributions
US9915825B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2018-03-13 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Waveguides with embedded components to improve intensity distributions
US10359627B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2019-07-23 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Waveguide coatings or substrates to improve intensity distributions having adjacent planar optical component separate from an input, output, or intermediate coupler
CN106959544A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2017-07-18 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种背光模组、液晶显示器及其制备工艺
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CN106997101A (zh) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-01 三星电子株式会社 定向背光单元、三维(3d)图像显示装置和3d图像显示方法
CN106997101B (zh) * 2016-01-25 2021-12-03 三星电子株式会社 定向背光单元、三维(3d)图像显示装置和3d图像显示方法
US10114225B2 (en) 2016-01-25 2018-10-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Directional backlight unit, three-dimensional (3D) image display apparatus, and 3D image displaying method
CN106292049B (zh) * 2016-09-30 2017-11-24 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板和显示装置
CN106292049A (zh) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-04 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板和显示装置
CN106292051A (zh) * 2016-10-21 2017-01-04 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示装置及其显示方法
US11126022B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2021-09-21 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Display device and display method thereof
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