WO2014081170A1

WO2014081170A1 - Apparatus and method for calculating ground surface roughness

Info

Publication number: WO2014081170A1
Application number: PCT/KR2013/010497
Authority: WO
Inventors: 최세휴
Original assignee: 경북대학교 산학협력단
Priority date: 2012-11-20
Filing date: 2013-11-19
Publication date: 2014-05-30

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for calculating ground surface roughness. An apparatus for calculating ground surface roughness according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise: a collection unit for collecting height information for a plurality of points within an area; a representative value calculating unit for calculating a representative value for the area by statistically processing the height information; and a ground surface roughness calculation unit for calculating the ground surface roughness of the area in accordance with the representative value.

Description

Surface roughness estimation device and method

The present invention relates to a surface roughness estimating device and method as a result of the research of the industry-university cooperation leading university (LINC) development project supported by the Ministry of Education.

Wind is one of the items to consider when designing structures. Wind characteristics, such as wind speed or wind direction, are heavily influenced by the surrounding topography and can have a significant impact on the safety of the structure if the wind speed is accelerated by the surrounding topography. To take into account the loads the wind exerts on the structure, the wind load is calculated in the design of the structure.

The wind load may vary depending on the surface roughness indicating the surface roughness. However, in the design of the structure, the surface roughness is often determined by the subjective judgment of the designer, thereby causing a problem that the safety and economic efficiency of the structure is deteriorated.

An embodiment of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for estimating the surface roughness for objectively and reasonably determining the surface roughness of a region under consideration in wind load calculation.

An apparatus for calculating the surface roughness according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an information collecting unit collecting height information of a plurality of points in an area; A representative value calculator configured to calculate a representative value of the area by statistically processing the height information; And a surface roughness calculation unit for calculating a surface roughness of the area according to the representative value.

The information collecting unit: When the point is located in the building, the height of the building may be calculated as the height information of the point, and if the point is located on the ground or the water, the height information of the point may be calculated as zero.

The plurality of points may be evenly distributed within the area.

The plurality of points may correspond one-to-one to buildings in the area.

The representative value calculator may be configured to calculate one of the median value, the maximum value, the most frequent number, and the average value of the heights of the plurality of points as the representative value.

The representative value calculating unit may calculate a frequency distribution for the heights of the plurality of points, and determine a class value of a rank having the greatest frequency in the frequency distribution as the representative value.

The information collecting unit comprises: a sample point information collecting unit collecting height information of a plurality of sample points in the area; And a target point information obtaining unit obtaining height information of a plurality of target points in the area by using the height information of the sample point.

The target point information acquisition unit: generates a digital elevation model (DEM) by using the collected height information of the sample point, generates a plurality of target points corresponding to the grid of the digital elevation model, The height value of the grid may be calculated as the height information of the target point corresponding to the grid.

The target point information acquisition unit may generate a plurality of target points in the area and calculate height information of the target point by using interpolation based on the collected height information of the sample points.

The information collecting unit may collect information on the height and area of the building in the area, and the representative value calculating unit may calculate a weighted average height by applying the area of the building as a weight to the height of the building.

The information collecting unit collects elevation information of a plurality of points in the area and total height information in which the building height is reflected in the elevation, and the surface roughness calculating device calculates the surface height of the area based on the elevation information. The calculator may further include a calculator, and the representative value calculator may calculate a representative value of the area by statistically processing a difference between the total height calculated for each point and the ground surface height.

The information collection unit: If the point is located in the building, add the height of the building to the elevation of the ground to calculate the total height of the point, if the point is located on the ground or the surface, the elevation of the ground or water surface It can be calculated from the overall height of the point.

The ground surface height calculating unit may calculate the minimum value or the frequency of elevation of the plurality of points as the ground surface height.

The ground surface height calculation unit: calculates a frequency distribution for the elevation of the plurality of points, the rank value of the rank having the greatest frequency in the frequency distribution; An average value of elevations belonging to the largest rank in the frequency distribution; A rank value of the lowest rank in the frequency distribution; Alternatively, the average value of the elevation belonging to the lowest rank in the frequency distribution; may be calculated as the ground surface height.

The information collecting unit further collects position information of a plurality of points in the area, and the ground surface height calculating unit calculates a regression equation using regression analysis based on the position information and the elevation information, and the position in the regression equation. Substituting the information, we can calculate the surface height for each point.

The ground surface height calculator may set the position information as an independent variable and set the elevation information as a dependent variable to calculate the regression equation.

The ground surface height calculator may calculate the regression equation based on location information and elevation information of some of the plurality of points.

The ground surface height calculation unit: calculates a frequency distribution for the elevation of the plurality of points, selects a point having an elevation belonging to the largest or lowest rank in the frequency distribution, and the position information of the selected point and The regression equation may be calculated based on elevation information.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a method of calculating a surface roughness is a method of calculating a surface roughness of an area using a surface roughness calculating device including an information collecting unit, a representative value calculating unit, and a surface roughness calculating unit. Collecting height information of the plurality of points in the group; Calculating a representative value of the area by statistically processing the height information by the representative value calculator; And calculating, by the surface roughness calculation unit, the surface roughness of the area according to the representative value.

The surface roughness estimating method according to an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as a computer-executable program and recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, more objective and reliable surface roughness can be calculated for the region.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the wind load from being calculated too large or small, thereby improving the economics and safety of the structure.

1 is a block diagram exemplarily illustrating an apparatus for calculating a surface roughness according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 and 3 are exemplary diagrams illustrating a plurality of points within an area in which area and height information to be considered when calculating wind loads are collected according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process of calculating height information of a plurality of points in an area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a graph in which a plurality of points in an area are arranged in the order of height according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a frequency distribution diagram exemplarily showing a frequency distribution of heights of a plurality of points in an area calculated according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

7 is a block diagram exemplarily illustrating an apparatus for calculating a surface roughness according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a plan view of an area considered in calculating wind loads and a building included in the area according to another embodiment of the present invention.

9 is an exemplary view showing the center of the building included in the area according to another embodiment of the present invention.

10 is an exemplary diagram showing a node obtained from an outline of a building included in an area according to another embodiment of the present invention.

11 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process of calculating height information of a plurality of sample points in an area according to another embodiment of the present invention.

12 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process of calculating a weighted average height according to another embodiment of the present invention.

13 is a block diagram exemplarily illustrating an apparatus for calculating a surface roughness according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

14 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a process of obtaining elevation information and overall height information of a plurality of points according to another embodiment of the present invention.

15 is an exemplary graph in which the elevations of multiple points in an area are arranged in order according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an exemplary frequency distribution diagram illustrating frequency distributions for elevations of multiple points in an area in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

17 is an exemplary diagram for describing a process of obtaining location information of a plurality of points according to another embodiment of the present invention.

18 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process of calculating a regression equation based on location information and elevation information of a point according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process of calculating a ground surface height for each point using a regression equation according to another embodiment of the present invention.

20 is a flowchart illustrating a method of calculating a surface roughness according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Other advantages and features of the present invention, and a method of achieving them will be apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but may be implemented in various forms, and only the present embodiments are intended to complete the disclosure of the present invention, and the general knowledge in the art to which the present invention pertains. It is provided to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art, and the present invention is defined only by the scope of the claims.

If not defined, all terms used herein (including technical or scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly accepted by universal techniques in the prior art to which this invention belongs. Terms defined by general dictionaries may be interpreted as having the same meaning as in the related description and / or text of the present application, and are not conceptualized or overly formal, even if not expressly defined herein. Will not.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In this specification, the singular also includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise in the phrase. As used herein, the term "comprises" and / or the various forms of use of this verb, for example, "comprises," "comprising," "comprising," "comprising," and the like refer to compositions, ingredients, components, The steps, operations and / or elements do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other compositions, components, components, steps, operations and / or elements. As used herein, the term 'and / or' refers to each of the listed configurations or various combinations thereof.

On the other hand, the terms '~', '~', '~ block', '~ module', etc. used throughout the present specification may mean a unit for processing at least one function or operation. For example, it can mean a hardware component such as software, FPGA, or ASIC. However, '~', '~', '~ block', '~ module', etc. are not limited to software or hardware. '~', '~', '~', '~' May be configured to reside in an addressable storage medium or may be configured to play one or more processors.

Thus, as an example, '~', '~', '~ block', '~ module' are components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components. And processes, functions, properties, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and Contains variables The components and the functions provided within '~', '~', '~', '~', ',' ~ Module 'or may be further separated into additional components and' ~ part ',' ~ group ',' ~ block ',' ~ module '.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The surface roughness estimating apparatus and method according to an embodiment of the present invention collects height information of a plurality of points in an area considered for calculating wind loads applied to a building, and calculates a representative value obtained by statistically processing the height information. Based on the surface roughness of the region can be calculated.

As used herein, the term "structure" refers to a building, a work piece, a building, a window, an outdoor advertisement, a bridge, and the like, and means any object placed in a space and subjected to a wind load.

1 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for calculating a surface roughness according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the surface roughness calculating apparatus 100 may include an information collecting unit 110, a representative value calculating unit 120, and a surface roughness calculating unit 130.

The information collecting unit 110 may collect height information of a plurality of points in the area. Here, the area is an area to be considered when calculating the wind load, and may be an area located around the structure.

2 and 3 are exemplary diagrams illustrating an area to be considered when calculating wind loads and a plurality of points where height information is collected within the area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the region 20 may have a fan shape divided by the wind-up side line about the structure 21. The central angle θ of the fan may be 45 °, but may be smaller or larger than that depending on the embodiment. The radii d of the fan shape may have a smaller value of 40 times and 3 km of the reference height H of the structure 21.

Unlike FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the region 20 may be circular having a radius d, and the shape of the region is not limited thereto and may have a polygon or any shape.

The information collecting unit 110 may collect height information of a plurality of points (points indicated by x in FIGS. 2 and 3) in the area 20.

As shown in FIG. 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of points may be uniformly distributed in the region 20. However, as shown in FIG. 3, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of points may be unevenly distributed within the region 20.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the information collecting unit 110 may collect the height information of the plurality of points from the digital map of the area 20.

According to an embodiment, the data related to the electronic map may be stored in a storage unit included in the surface roughness calculation apparatus 100. In this case, the information collecting unit 110 may retrieve data on the electronic map from the storage and collect height information of a plurality of points in the area 20.

According to another embodiment, the data related to the electronic map may be stored in a server or an external storage device connected to the surface roughness calculating device and a network. In this case, the information collecting unit 110 may retrieve data on the electronic map from the server or an external storage device through a network or a data interface and collect height information of a plurality of points in the area 20.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the information collecting unit 110 uses the at least one of ground surveying, GPS surveying, aerial surveying, radar surveying, and LiDAR surveying to determine the area 20. The height information of the plurality of points may be collected from the surveyed data.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of points in the area 20 may correspond to a building located in the area. According to an embodiment, the plurality of points in the area 20 may correspond one-to-one to the building in the area. When the one point in the area 20 is located in the building, the information collecting unit 110 may calculate the height of the building as the height information of the point.

According to another embodiment, some of the plurality of points in the area 20 may correspond to the ground or the surface where the building is not located. When the point in the area 20 is located on the ground or the water surface, the information collecting unit 110 may calculate the height of the point as zero.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the information collecting unit 110 may extract a building, an elevation point, and a reference point from the electronic map of the area. In addition, the nodes may be generated one-to-one corresponding to the nodes generated by extracting the nodes from the center or the outline of the building from the extracted buildings and the elevation and reference points located on the ground. And, the height of the point located in the building can be calculated as the height of the building, the height of the point located on the ground can be calculated as zero.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the height of the building may be calculated by multiplying the number of ground floors of the building by a predetermined height to calculate height information of a corresponding point. The height multiplied by the ground floor number of the building may be 3 meters, but is not limited thereto and may be set higher or lower than 3 meters.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the information collecting unit 110 filters from 3D point data collected using at least one of ground surveying, GPS surveying, aerial surveying, radar surveying and rider surveying for the area. The building and ground data can be extracted, and one-to-one points corresponding to the extracted building and ground data are generated, the height of the point located in the building is calculated as the height of the building, and the height of the point located on the ground can be calculated as 0. have.

4 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process of calculating height information of a plurality of points in the area 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4, when a building is located at point 1 of a plurality of points in the area 20, the information collecting unit 110 may collect ground floor number information of the building. In FIG. 4, the ground floor number of the building located at point 1 is four. The information collecting unit 110 may calculate the height information of the corresponding point by multiplying the number of ground floors of the building by a predetermined height (for example, 3 meters). In this case, the height of the point 1 shown in FIG. 4 may be calculated as 12 meters. Similarly, the height of point 2 can be calculated as 18 meters and the height of point 3 can be estimated as zero.

The representative value calculator 120 may calculate the representative value of the area 20 by statistically processing the height information of the plurality of points.

According to an embodiment, the representative value calculator 120 may calculate a median value among the heights of the plurality of points to determine the representative value of the area 20. According to another embodiment, the representative value calculator 120 may calculate the maximum value among the heights of the plurality of points to determine the representative value of the area 20. According to another embodiment, the representative value calculator 120 may calculate the most frequent number among the heights of the plurality of points to determine the representative value of the area 20.

5 is an example of a graph in which a plurality of points in the area 20 are arranged in order of height according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5, the height value of the point coming to the center of the plurality of points in the area 20 is 7.5 m. In addition, the largest height value among the heights of the plurality of points in the region 20 is 36 m. In addition, among the plurality of points in the region 20, the highest height value is 15 m.

As such, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the representative value calculator 120 statistically processes the heights of the plurality of points in the area 20, and among the heights of the plurality of points, the median value, the maximum value, and the most frequent number Any one of the calculated values may be calculated and the calculated value may be determined as a representative value of the region 20.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the representative value calculator 120 may calculate an average value of the heights of the plurality of points, and determine the calculated average value as the representative value. The average value may be any one of an arithmetic mean value, a geometric mean value, and a harmonic mean value.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the representative value calculator 120 calculates a frequency distribution for the heights of the plurality of points, and calculates a rank value of a rank having the greatest frequency in the frequency distribution in the region 20. It can be determined by the representative value of).

6 is an example of a frequency distribution diagram illustrating a frequency distribution of heights of a plurality of points in an area calculated according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 6, the representative value calculator 120 may divide the heights of the plurality of points into a plurality of ranks, and then calculate the frequency distribution of the series by calculating the frequency of the points belonging to each rank. have.

According to an embodiment, the representative value calculator 120 may classify the height information of the plurality of points collected from the area 20 into four ranks, but is not limited thereto. It can also be divided into

According to an embodiment, the number of ranks may correspond to the number of grades of surface roughness. For example, when the surface roughness is divided into four grades, the representative value calculator 120 may calculate a frequency distribution in which the heights of the plurality of points are seriesed into four ranks.

The representative value calculator 120 may determine, as the representative value of the region 20, a rank value of a rank having the greatest frequency in the frequency distribution. For example, in the frequency distribution diagram shown in FIG. 6, the largest rank is rank 3, and the rank value of rank 3 may be 16.5 m, which is the middle value of the rank. Accordingly, the representative value calculator 120 may determine 16.5 m, which is the rank value of rank 3, as the representative value of the area 20.

The surface roughness calculation unit 130 may calculate the surface roughness of the area 20 according to the representative value. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the surface roughness calculation unit 130 may compare the representative value with a reference range set in the surface roughness, and calculate the surface roughness of the area 20 based on the comparison result. .

For example, the surface roughness may be divided into four A, B, C, and D, and the following reference range may be set in each surface roughness. Here, the surface is rough in the order of surface roughness A, B, C, D (that is, surface roughness is A> B> C> D).

Table 1

Surface roughness	A	B	C	D
Standard range	30 m or more	3 m or more but less than 30 m	1.5 m or more but less than 3 m	Less than 1.5 m

In this case, the surface roughness calculation unit 130 compares the representative value of the area 20 with the reference range set in each surface roughness, and compares the surface roughness of the reference range to which the representative value belongs to the area 20. It can be calculated from the surface roughness of. For example, when the representative value of the region 20 is calculated as 16.5 m, the surface roughness calculation unit 130 may determine the surface roughness of the region 20 as B.

The information collecting unit 110, the representative value calculating unit 120, and the surface roughness calculation unit 130 may be configured as a processor, for example, a CPU, which executes a program for calculating surface roughness to perform a surface roughness calculation. have. In addition, the program for calculating the surface roughness may be stored in a storage unit such as a memory, and the surface roughness calculating apparatus 100 may load and execute the program from the storage unit.

As shown in FIG. 7, the information collecting unit 110 may include a sample point information collecting unit 111 and a target point information obtaining unit 112. The sample point information collecting unit 111 may collect height information of a plurality of sample points in the area 20. The target point information obtaining unit 112 may obtain height information of a plurality of target points in the area 20 by using the height information of the sample point.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may extract a building from an electronic map of the area 20 and allocate a sample point to the extracted building. In addition, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may extract at least one of an elevation point and a reference point from the electronic map of the area 20, and may assign at least one of the extracted elevation point and the reference point as a sample point.

Referring to FIG. 8, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 extracts an object corresponding to the building 201 from an electronic map of the area 20, and extracts an elevation point 202 located on the ground or the surface of the water. Can be. According to an exemplary embodiment, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may extract a reference point of the electronic map instead of the elevation point 202 or extract both the elevation point and the reference point.

Then, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may assign a sample point to the extracted building, elevation, and reference point. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may allocate a sample point to the center of the extracted building.

9 is an exemplary diagram illustrating the center of a building 201 included in an area 20 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 9, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may allocate a sample point to the center 2011 of the building 201 extracted from the electronic map of the area 20.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may extract a node from the outline of the extracted building, and assign the extracted node as a sample point.

10 is an exemplary diagram showing nodes obtained from the outline of the building 201 included in the area 20 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 10, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 extracts a node 2012 from an outline of a building 201 extracted from an electronic map of the area 20, and samples the extracted node. Can be assigned to a point. According to an embodiment, the node 2012 may correspond to a corner of a polygon formed as an outline of the building 201.

As such, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 extracts the building 201 and the elevation point 202 from the electronic map of the area 20, and applies the sample point to the extracted building 201 and the elevation point 202. Can be assigned. The sample point may be assigned to a node 2011 obtained from the center 2011 of the building 201 or an outline of the building 201, and may be assigned to both the center and the node of the building, depending on the embodiment.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the sample point height information collecting unit 111 is located in the building 201, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may calculate the height of the corresponding building as the height of the sample point. In this embodiment, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 collects the ground floor number information of the building 201 in which the sample point is located, and multiplies the number of ground floors of the collected building by a predetermined height to height of the corresponding building. Can be calculated. The height multiplied by the ground floor number may be 3 meters, but is not limited thereto and may be lower or higher than 3 meters.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the sample point is located on the ground or the water, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may calculate the height of the sample point as zero. In other words, when the sample point is located on the ground or the surface of the water, such as land, rivers, lakes, and seas, which are not buildings, the height of the sample point may be calculated as zero.

FIG. 11 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process of calculating height information of a plurality of sample points in an area 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, when sample point 1 is located in a building among a plurality of sample points in the area 20, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may collect ground floor number information of the corresponding building. . In FIG. 5, the ground floor number of the building in which sample point 1 is located is four. The sample point height information collecting unit 111 may calculate the height information of the sample point by multiplying the number of ground floors of the building by a predetermined height (for example, 3 meters). In this case, the height of the sample point 1 shown in FIG. 11 may be calculated as 12 meters. Likewise, the height of sample point 2 can be calculated to be 18 meters.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, when the sample point 3 is located on the ground among the plurality of sample points in the region 20, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 calculates the height of the sample point as 0. can do.

As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may collect the height information of the sample point using the electronic map of the area 20. According to another embodiment The height information of the sample point may be collected using survey data obtained by surveying the area 20 using at least one of a ground survey, a GPS survey, an aerial survey, a radar survey, and a rider survey.

According to an embodiment, the sample point height information collecting unit 111 may collect three-dimensional points collected using at least one of ground surveying, GPS surveying, aerial surveying, radar surveying, and rider surveying with respect to the area 20. Filtering may be performed on the data to extract building and ground data, and sample points corresponding to the extracted building and ground data may be generated. The sample point height information collecting unit 111 may calculate the height of the sample point located in the building as the height of the building, and calculate the height of the sample point located on the ground or the water as 0.

Referring to FIG. 7 again, the target point height information acquisition unit 112 may obtain height information of a plurality of target points in an area using the height information of the sample point. Here, the target point is a point that is considered in order to calculate a parameter used for calculating the wind load of the area, and according to an embodiment of the present invention, the parameter may be calculated based on height information of the target point.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the target point height information obtaining unit 112 may generate a digital elevation model (DEM) using the collected height information of the sampled points. Then, a plurality of target points corresponding to the grid of the numerical elevation model may be generated, and the height value of the grid of the numerical elevation model DEM may be calculated as the height information of the target point corresponding to the grid.

According to an embodiment, the target point height information obtaining unit 112 may allocate a point in the grid of the numerical elevation model as a target point. For example, the target point height information acquisition unit 112 may allocate the center of the grid of the numerical elevation model as a target point.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the target point height information obtaining unit 112 generates a plurality of target points in the region (eg, see FIG. 2), and interpolates based on the height information of the collected sample points. The height information of the target point may be calculated using.

According to an embodiment, the target point height information acquisition unit 112 may use linear interpolation, nonlinear interpolation, or natural neighbor interpolation to calculate the height information of the target point, but the interpolation method used is not limited thereto.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the information collecting unit 110 may collect information about the height and area of the building in the area. The representative value calculator 120 may calculate the weighted average height by applying the area of the building as a weight to the height of the building. In this embodiment, the weighted average height may be used as a representative value of the region.

The information collecting unit 110 may collect area information of the building from data obtained by surveying an electronic map or an area of the area 20.

The area of the building may be any one of the building area of the building or the area of the parcel in which the building is located.

Referring to FIG. 12, when the height of building 1 located in the area 20 is 40 meters, the building area of building 1 is 10 square meters, the height of building 2 is 20 meters, and the building area of building 2 is 30 square meters. The weighted average height can be obtained by applying the building area of the building to the height of the building as a weight.

(40 × 10 + 20 × 30) / (10 + 30) = 25

As such, the representative value calculator 120 may calculate the weighted average height of the building located in the area as 25 meters by applying the area of the building as a weight to the height of the building located in the area 20.

According to another embodiment, the representative value calculator 120 may calculate the weighted average height by applying the area of the parcel in which the building is located as a weight.

Referring to FIG. 12, the height of building 1 in the area 20 is 40 meters, the area of parcel 1 where building 1 is located is 30 square meters, the height of building 2 is 20 meters, and the area of parcel 2 where building 2 is located is 40. If the area of the square meter and the parcel 3 without the building is 30 m 2, the weighted average height obtained by weighting the area of the parcel where the building is located can be obtained as follows.

(40 × 30 + 20 × 40 + 0 × 30) / (30 + 40 + 30) = 20

As such, the representative value calculator 120 may calculate the weighted average height of the building located in the area as 20 meters by applying the area of the parcel in which the building is located as a weight.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram exemplarily illustrating an apparatus for calculating the surface roughness according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 13, the information collecting unit 110 may collect elevation information of a plurality of points in an area and overall height information in which the height of a building is reflected in the elevation. In addition, the surface roughness calculation apparatus 100 may further include a ground surface height calculator 140 that calculates a ground surface height of an area based on the elevation information. The representative value calculator 120 may calculate the representative value of the area by statistically processing the difference between the total height calculated for each point and the ground surface height.

When the point is located in the building, the information acquisition unit 110 may calculate the total height of the point by adding the height of the building to the elevation of the ground. In addition, when the point is located on the ground or the water surface, the information acquisition unit 110 may calculate the elevation of the ground or the water surface as the total height of the corresponding point.

14 is an exemplary diagram for describing a process of obtaining elevation information and overall height information of a plurality of points according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 14, since point 1 is located in a building, the total height of the point 1 is 17 m, which is a height of 5 m, which is an elevation of the ground, and 12 m of a building height, which is calculated by multiplying 3 m by the fourth floor of the building. Can be estimated.

Similarly, since point 2 is also located in the building, the total height of the point 2 can be calculated as 20 m, which is the height of 11 m, the elevation of the ground, and 3 m above the 3rd floor of the building. .

On the other hand, since the point 3 is located on the ground without a building, the total height of the point 3 may be calculated as 2 m, which is the elevation of the ground.

The ground surface height calculator 140 may calculate the ground surface height of the area 20 based on the elevation information of the plurality of points.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ground surface height calculating unit 140 may calculate the minimum value or the most frequent elevation of the elevation of the plurality of points as the ground surface height.

15 is an exemplary graph in which the elevations of multiple points in the area 20 are arranged in sequence in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the minimum value among the elevations of the multiple points collected from the area 20 is 2 m and the mode is 8 m. According to an exemplary embodiment, the ground surface height calculator 140 may calculate 2 m corresponding to the minimum value among the elevations of the plurality of points as the ground surface height of the region 20. According to another exemplary embodiment, the ground surface height calculator 140 may calculate an 8 m corresponding to the most frequent number among the elevations of a plurality of points as the ground surface height of the region 20.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the ground surface height calculation unit 140 calculates a frequency distribution for the elevation of a plurality of points, and classifies the rank value of the largest degree in the frequency distribution in the area 20. It can be calculated from the surface height.

FIG. 16 is an exemplary frequency distribution diagram illustrating frequency distributions for elevations of multiple points in region 20 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 16, the ground level calculator 140 calculates a class value of 4.5 m as the ground level of the region 20 in the frequency distribution of elevations of a plurality of points. can do.

According to an embodiment, the ground surface height calculator 140 may calculate the average value of the elevation belonging to the rank having the greatest frequency in the frequency distribution as the ground surface height of the region 20. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 16, the ground level calculator 140 may determine the ground height of the area 20 by calculating an average value of elevations belonging to class 1, which is the largest class.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the ground surface height calculator 140 may calculate the rank value of the lowest rank in the frequency distribution as the ground surface height of the region 20. According to an exemplary embodiment, the ground level calculator 140 may calculate the average value of the elevation belonging to the lowest rank in the frequency distribution as the ground surface height of the region 20.

Here, the average value may be an arithmetic mean value, an geometric mean value, or a geometric mean value of the elevation, and in some embodiments, the average value may be a weighted average value of applying the frequency of the elevation to the elevation.

In the frequency distribution diagram shown in FIG. 16, the size of the rank is set to 9 m, but the size of the rank is not limited thereto and may be set smaller or larger than 9 m. In addition, in the frequency distribution diagram illustrated in FIG. 6, the sizes of the ranks are set to be the same, but according to an embodiment, the sizes of the ranks constituting the frequency distribution may be set differently.

Thereafter, the representative value calculator 120 may calculate a difference value between the total height and the ground surface height for each point, and statistically process the difference value to calculate the representative value of the region 20.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the information collecting unit 110 may further collect location information of a plurality of points in the area 20. The ground height calculator 140 calculates a regression equation using regression analysis based on the position information and the elevation information of the point, and substitutes the position information of the point in the regression equation to increase the ground surface height for each point. Can be calculated.

Here, the location information of the point may include absolute coordinates composed of latitude and longitude data of the point, but may also include relative coordinates based on an arbitrary point according to an embodiment. The location information of the point may be collected from an electronic map of the area 20, and may be collected from data obtained by surveying the area 20 according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 17 is an exemplary diagram for describing a process of obtaining location information of a plurality of points X according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 17, the positions of the plurality of points X may be represented by two-dimensional rectangular coordinates having the center 21 of the region 20 as the origin. In this case, the coordinates (x, y) of the plurality of points (X) may be determined according to the distance and direction from the origin.

In FIG. 17, the origin of the coordinate system is set to the center 21 of the region 20, but the position of the origin is not limited thereto and may be set to any point located inside or outside the region 20.

The ground surface height calculator 140 may calculate a regression equation using regression analysis based on location information and elevation information of a point.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ground surface height calculator 140 may calculate a regression equation based on location information and elevation information of some points among a plurality of points. In other words, the ground surface height calculator 140 may perform regression analysis on only a part of the plurality of points.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ground surface height calculator 140 may calculate a regression equation based on location information and elevation information of a point corresponding to a predetermined number or ratio among the plurality of points.

According to another embodiment, the ground surface height calculator 140 may select a point to be used for regression analysis from the plurality of points using the frequency distribution.

For example, the ground surface height calculating unit 140 calculates a frequency distribution for the elevation of the plurality of points, selects a point having an elevation belonging to the largest class in the frequency distribution, and selects the selected point. The regression equation can be calculated based on the location information and elevation information of.

According to another embodiment, the ground level calculator 140 may select a point having an elevation belonging to the lowest rank in the frequency distribution, and calculate a regression equation based on the location information and the elevation information of the selected point. have.

The ground surface height calculating unit 140 may set the position information of the point as an independent variable and calculate the regression equation by setting the elevation information of the point as a dependent variable.

As shown in FIG. 18, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the ground surface height calculator 140 regresses the position and elevation information (x, y, z) of the points P ₁ to P ₆ . The following regression equation can be calculated:

z _i = a ₀ + a ₁ x _i + a ₂ y _i + e _i

The regression equation may be an equation representing the plane 30 shown in FIG. 18.

According to one embodiment, the ground surface height calculation unit 140 has the following error e_iA to minimize the sum of squares of₀,a_One,a₂ We can calculate:

To this end, the ground surface height calculation unit 140 is S_rUnknown to a₀,a_One,a₂ By taking partial derivatives for each, the following equations can be obtained:

Then, the solution to the system of equations is solved a₀,a_One,a₂Can be calculated.

For example, the position and elevation information (x, y, z) of the points (P ₁ to P ₆ ) are P ₁ (0, 0, 5), P ₂ (2, 1, 10), P ₃ (2.5, 2) , 9), P ₄ (1, 3, 0), P ₅ (4, 6, 3), P ₆ (7, 2, 27), a ₀ = 5, a ₁ = 4, a ₂ = Calculated as -3.

Therefore, the planar equation obtained by regression analysis of the points P ₁ to P ₆ is as follows:

z = 5 + 4x-3y

As described above, the ground surface height calculator 140 sets the position information (x, y) of the points P ₁ to P ₆ as independent variables and sets the elevation information z as a dependent variable to calculate a regression equation. can do. The calculated regression equation can be used to estimate the ground surface height for each of a plurality of points as described below.

Then, the ground surface height calculating unit 140 may calculate the ground surface height for each of the plurality of points by substituting the position information (x, y) of the points in the regression equation.

According to an embodiment, the regression equation calculated based on the position and elevation information of some points may be regarded as representing the ground surface of the area 20, and thus the ground surface height calculator 140 may be applied to the regression equation. By substituting the location information of each of a plurality of points, the ground surface height for each point can be obtained.

For example, as shown in FIG. 19, the ground height calculator 140 substitutes position information (x, y) of each point into a regression equation z _i = a ₀ + a ₁ x + a ₂ y. The surface height z for each point can be calculated. Since an embodiment of the present invention regards the plane 30 represented by the regression equation to correspond to the ground surface of the area 20, the position information (x, y) of each point P ₁ to P ₆ is regressed. The height z obtained by substituting the equation may correspond to the surface height at each point.

18 and 19, the ground height of each point was calculated using a regression equation representing the plane 30, but according to the embodiment, the ground height of each point was calculated by calculating a regression equation representing the curved surface instead of the plane. You can also calculate

In the surface roughness estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the surface roughness of the area may be calculated based on a representative value obtained by statistically processing height information of a plurality of points in the area. The surface roughness calculation method may be executed by the surface roughness calculation apparatus 100 according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 20, the method of calculating the surface roughness 200 includes collecting height information of a plurality of points in an area (S210), and calculating the representative value of the area by statistically processing the height information. (S220), and calculating the surface roughness of the region according to the representative value (S230).

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the collecting step S210 may include collecting the height information from the electronic map of the area 20.

The data on the electronic map is stored in a storage unit provided in the surface roughness calculating apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, stored in an external storage device connected to the surface roughness calculating apparatus 100, or the surface The illuminance estimating apparatus 100 may be stored in a server connected through a network.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the collecting step (S210), from the data surveyed the area 20 using at least one of ground survey, GPS survey, aerial survey, radar survey and rider survey Collecting height information of the plurality of points.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of points in the area 20 may correspond to a building located in the area. According to an embodiment, in the collecting step S210, when a point in the area 20 is located in a building, the height of the building may be calculated as height information of the point.

On the other hand, some of the plurality of points in the area 20 may correspond to the ground or the surface where the building is not located. According to an embodiment, in the collecting step S210, when a point in the area 20 is located on the ground or the water, the height of the point may be calculated as zero.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the collecting step (S210) is a step of extracting a building, an elevation point and a reference point from the electronic map of the area, a node generated by extracting a node from the center or the outline of the building from the extracted building And generating a one-to-one corresponding point with respect to the elevation point and the reference point located on the ground, and calculating the height of the point located on the building as the height of the building, and calculating the height of the point located on the ground as zero.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the height of the building may be calculated by multiplying a predetermined height by the number of ground floors of the building. The height multiplied by the ground floor number of the building may be 3 meters, but is not limited thereto and may be set higher or lower than 3 meters.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the collecting step (S210) is filtering from the three-dimensional point data collected using at least one of ground survey, GPS survey, aerial survey, radar survey and rider survey for the area Extracting the building and the ground data, generating a point corresponding to the extracted building and the ground data one-to-one, and calculating the height of the point located in the building as the height of the building, and the height of the point on the ground being 0. It can include the step of calculating.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, calculating the representative value of the area (S220) may include calculating a median value among the heights of the plurality of points. According to another embodiment, calculating the representative value of the area (S220) may include calculating the maximum value among the heights of the plurality of points. According to another embodiment, the calculating of the representative value of the region (S220) may include calculating the most frequent number among the heights of the plurality of points.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, calculating the representative value of the area (S220) may include calculating an average value of the heights of the plurality of points. The average value may be any one of an arithmetic mean value, a geometric mean value, and a harmonic mean value.

The median, maximum, frequency, or average calculated as described above may be determined as a representative value of the area 20.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the representative value of the region (S220), the step of calculating the frequency distribution for the height of the plurality of points, and the rank of the highest frequency in the frequency distribution And determining a value as a representative value of the region 20.

In this embodiment, the number of ranks constituting the frequency distribution may be the same as the number of grades of surface roughness, but is not limited thereto and may be less or more than the number of grades of surface roughness.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the surface roughness of the region (S230) may include comparing the representative value of the region with a reference range set in each surface roughness, and the reference range to which the representative value belongs. The surface roughness may be calculated as the surface roughness of the region 20.

According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the collecting of the information (S210) may include collecting height information of a plurality of sample points in the area 20 and using the height information of the sample points. And obtaining height information of the plurality of target points within).

According to an embodiment, the obtaining of the height information of the target point may include generating a numerical elevation model using the collected height information of the sample point, and a plurality of target points corresponding to the grid of the numerical elevation model. Generating a height value of the grid of the numerical elevation model as height information of a target point corresponding to the grid.

According to another embodiment, the obtaining of the height information of the target point may include generating a plurality of target points in the area 20 and using the interpolation method based on the collected height information of the sample point. Computing height information of the target point may be included.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the step of collecting the height information of the point (S210) may include the step of collecting information about the height and area of the building in the area (20). The calculating of the representative value (S220) may include calculating a weighted average height by applying the area of the building as a weight to the height of the building.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the step of collecting the height information of the point (S210), to collect the elevation information of the plurality of points in the area 20, and the overall height information reflecting the height of the building in the elevation It may include a step.

In addition, the method of calculating the surface roughness 200 may further include calculating a ground surface height of the area 20 based on the elevation information.

The calculating of the representative value (S230) may include calculating a representative value of the area 20 by statistically processing a difference value between the total height and the ground surface height calculated for each point.

According to this embodiment, when the point is located in the building, the height of the building can be calculated by adding the height of the building to the elevation of the ground. In addition, when the point is located on the ground or the surface of the water, the elevation of the ground or the surface may be calculated as the total height of the corresponding point.

According to this embodiment, the calculating of the ground surface height may include calculating the minimum value or the most frequent number of the elevations of the plurality of points as the ground surface height. According to an exemplary embodiment, the calculating of the ground surface height may include calculating a frequency distribution of elevations of a plurality of points, a rank value of a rank having the greatest frequency in the frequency distribution, and a rank having the greatest frequency in the frequency distribution. An average value of elevations belonging, a rank value of the lowest rank in the frequency distribution, or an average value of elevations belonging to the lowest rank in the frequency distribution may be calculated as the surface height.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the step of collecting the height information of the point (S210), may further include the step of collecting the position information of a plurality of points in the area (20).

The calculating of the ground surface height may include calculating a regression equation using regression analysis based on the position information and the elevation information, and substituting the position information of the point into the regression equation for the ground surface for each point. Calculating a height.

Here, the position information (x, y) may be set as an independent variable of the regression equation, and the elevation information (z) may be set as a dependent variable.

According to an embodiment, the calculating of the regression equation may include calculating a regression equation based on location information and elevation information of some of the plurality of points.

For example, the calculating of the regression equation may include calculating a frequency distribution of elevations of the plurality of points, and selecting a point having an elevation belonging to the highest or lowest rank in the frequency distribution. And calculating a regression equation based on the location information and the elevation information of the selected point.

The above-described surface roughness estimation method 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention may be produced as a program for execution in a computer and stored in a computer-readable recording medium. The computer readable recording medium includes all kinds of storage devices in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored. Examples of computer-readable recording media include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, and the like.

Above, the surface roughness estimating apparatus and method for calculating the surface roughness of the area based on the representative value of the area obtained by collecting the height information of a plurality of points from the area considered in the wind load calculation, and statistically processing the collected height information This has been explained.

According to the surface roughness estimating apparatus and method, the surface roughness of the region can be prevented from being inappropriately determined by the designer's subjective judgment, and the objective and reliable surface roughness can be calculated. By using the surface roughness calculated in this way, it is possible to obtain the effect that the safety and economics of the structure can be improved.

Claims

An information collecting unit collecting height information of a plurality of points in the area;

A representative value calculator configured to calculate a representative value of the area by statistically processing the height information; And

A surface roughness calculation unit for calculating a surface roughness of the area according to the representative value;

Surface roughness calculation apparatus comprising a.
The method of claim 1,

The information collecting unit:

When the point is located in the building, the height of the building is calculated using the height information of the point,

If the point is located on the ground or the surface, the surface roughness calculation device for calculating the height information of the point to zero.
The method of claim 1,

And said plurality of points are uniformly distributed in said area.
The method of claim 1,

And said plurality of points correspond one-to-one to a building in the area.
The method of claim 1,

The representative value calculation unit:

And a surface roughness calculation device for calculating one of a median, a maximum value, a mode, and an average value of the heights of the plurality of points to determine the representative value.
The method of claim 1,

The representative value calculation unit:

A surface roughness calculation device for calculating a frequency distribution for the heights of the plurality of points, and determining a rank value of a class having the greatest frequency in the frequency distribution as the representative value.
The method of claim 1,

The information collecting unit:

A sample point information collecting unit collecting height information of a plurality of sample points in the area; And

A target point information obtaining unit obtaining height information of a plurality of target points in the area by using the height information of the sample point;

Surface roughness calculation apparatus comprising a.
The method of claim 7, wherein

The target point information obtaining unit:

A digital elevation model (DEM) is generated using the collected height information of the sample points, a plurality of target points corresponding to the grid of the digital elevation model are generated, and the height value of the grid of the numerical elevation model is calculated by the grid. A surface roughness estimator for calculating height information of a target point corresponding to.
The method of claim 7, wherein

The target point information obtaining unit:

Create multiple target points within the region,

Surface roughness estimating apparatus for calculating the height information of the target point using the interpolation method based on the collected height information of the sample point.
The method of claim 1,

The information collecting unit collects information on the height and area of the building in the area,

And the representative value calculator calculates a weighted average height by applying the area of the building as a weight to the height of the building.
The method of claim 1,

The information collecting unit collects the elevation information of a plurality of points in the area, and the overall height information reflecting the building height in the elevation,

The surface roughness estimating apparatus further includes a ground surface height calculating unit that calculates the ground surface height of the area based on the elevation information.

And the representative value calculator calculates a representative value of the area by statistically processing a difference value between the total height and the ground surface height calculated for each point.
The method of claim 11,

The information collecting unit:

If the point is located in the building, add the height of the building to the elevation of the ground to calculate the total height of the point,

A surface roughness estimating device for estimating the elevation of the ground or surface to the full height of the point, if the point is located on the ground or water surface.
The method of claim 11,

And the ground surface height calculating unit calculates the minimum value or the most frequent number of the elevations of the plurality of points as the ground surface height.
The method of claim 11,

The surface height calculation unit:

Calculating a frequency distribution for the elevation of the plurality of points,

A rank value of a rank having the greatest frequency in the frequency distribution;

An average value of elevations belonging to the largest rank in the frequency distribution;

A rank value of the lowest rank in the frequency distribution; or

An average value of elevations belonging to the lowest rank in the frequency distribution;

Surface roughness calculating device for calculating the surface height as.
The method of claim 11,

The information collecting unit further collects location information of a plurality of points in the area,

And the ground surface height calculating unit calculates a regression equation using regression analysis based on the position information and the elevation information, and calculates the surface height of each point by substituting the position information into the regression equation.
The method of claim 15,

The surface height calculation unit:

And calculating the regression equation by setting the position information as an independent variable and setting the elevation information as a dependent variable.
The method of claim 15,

The surface height calculation unit:

Surface roughness calculation apparatus for calculating the regression equation based on the position information and elevation information of some of the plurality of points.
The method of claim 17,

The surface height calculation unit:

Calculating a frequency distribution for the elevation of the plurality of points,

Select a point in the frequency distribution that has an elevation that belongs to the largest or lowest rank,

Surface roughness calculation apparatus for calculating the regression equation based on the position information and the elevation information of the selected point.
In the method of calculating the surface roughness of the area by using the surface roughness estimator including the information collecting unit, the representative value calculating unit and the surface roughness calculation unit,

Collecting, by the information collector, height information of a plurality of points in an area;

Calculating a representative value of the area by statistically processing the height information by the representative value calculator; And

Calculating, by the ground roughness calculation unit, the surface roughness of the area according to the representative value;

Surface roughness calculation method comprising a.
In a computer-readable recording medium,

Collecting, by the information collector, height information of a plurality of points in the area;

Calculating a representative value of the area by statistically processing the height information by a representative value calculator; And

Calculating, by the surface roughness calculation unit, the surface roughness of the area according to the representative value;

A recording medium having recorded thereon a program that can be executed by a computer to implement the surface roughness calculation method comprising a.