WO2014079690A1 - Procédé de découpe d'articles cosmétiques à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression - Google Patents

Procédé de découpe d'articles cosmétiques à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014079690A1
WO2014079690A1 PCT/EP2013/073165 EP2013073165W WO2014079690A1 WO 2014079690 A1 WO2014079690 A1 WO 2014079690A1 EP 2013073165 W EP2013073165 W EP 2013073165W WO 2014079690 A1 WO2014079690 A1 WO 2014079690A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
article
bars
detergent
cutting
nozzle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/073165
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pravin BANKAR
Sean Patrick MORRISROE
Original Assignee
Unilever N.V.
Unilever Plc
Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever N.V., Unilever Plc, Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever filed Critical Unilever N.V.
Priority to BR112015011844A priority Critical patent/BR112015011844A2/pt
Publication of WO2014079690A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014079690A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
    • C11D13/22—Cutting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of cutting or shaping cosmetic articles using a pressurised fluid.
  • Cosmetic articles often have fanciful shapes.
  • the articles are generally sold in the form of individual pieces, e.g. detergent bars and deodorant sticks.
  • the individual pieces are either made in that form itself by moulding or other suitable processes, or such pieces are cut or stamped from a larger piece.
  • Cosmetic articles such as detergent bars and deodorant sticks can be termed as deformable plastic articles because they generally deform upon application of pressure.
  • the extent of deformation can be measured by some known methods. In a more widely used method, the "penetration value" is measured. This value indicates hardness of the article.
  • JP 2006273975 A discloses use of laser beams on a transparent or semitransparent soap. The soap is covered with a smooth film which transmits the laser beam so as to cause gas-explosion of remaining moisture in the soap to form hollows and to draw lines and drawings with the hollows.
  • a pressurized fluid can be used for cutting or shaping articles.
  • the method involves focused application of a fluid onto the article. Details of a suitable device can be found in e.g. US 2008032610A1 (KMT Waterjet Systems Inc, 2008).
  • a fluid jet or "water jet” cutting machine includes an intensifier or similar device for pressurizing the fluid (e.g., water) and a cutting head fluidly connected with the fluid intensifier and configured to direct a jet of high pressure fluid or fluid-abrasive mixture onto an object.
  • the pressure ranges from 10,000 psi (689 bar) to 100,000 psi (6894 bar) and the nozzle sizes range from 0.025 mm to 0.25 mm.
  • Soap and detergent formulations are tailored to suit the intended application.
  • composition and structure of a soap bar for personal wash is different from a laundry bar, although each can be termed a cleansing product or a detergent composition.
  • a cast melt soap bar has a coagel crystalline structure and a milled and plodded soap bar contains lamellar phases. Therefore the broad process parameters disclosed in EP 1418224 B1 are not suited for implementation of this technology on a factory scale without further inventive efforts.
  • JP-02/135,300 A SHISEIDO CO LTD
  • JP-62/059,699A MITSUI
  • PETROCHEMICAL IND each discloses use of a water jet for creating a patterned cavity in a bar of soap in which letters or pieces of other soaps can be inserted.
  • JP'699 does not term any process parameter as being critical.
  • diameter of the nozzle(s) of the water jet is from 0.1 mm to 0.25 mm
  • the pressure of water jet is from 2400 to 3000 bar
  • the punching rate or as better known in the area of water jet machines
  • the cutting speed at which nozzles are made to move over surface of the bar is from 100 to 70 mm/minute.
  • a drawback of the process disclosed in JP'300 is that the significantly lower cutting speed may not always lead to bars with good surface finish and incidences of striations or indentations marks are very likely.
  • a method of cutting a cosmetic article including a step of bringing the article in contact with a jet of pressurised fluid sprayed from at least one nozzle having an orifice of cross-sectional area from 4.9X10 "4 mm 2 to 750x10 "4 mm 2 , where hardness of the article expressed as penetration value is 0 mm to 120 mm, wherein, a relative motion of 150 mm/minute to 1500 mm/minute is provided between said article and said nozzle while the article is cut.
  • the method disclosed herein relates to cutting a cosmetic article, and the method includes a step of bringing the cosmetic article in contact with a jet of pressurised fluid.
  • cutting means and includes shaping, etching, and trimming, decorating or creating contours or patterns therein so as to arrive at a second shape starting from a first shape where the second shape differs from the first.
  • cutting also includes the other, more widely applicable meaning of severing or slicing which when used in the context of the present application means cutting or slicing a larger piece of a cosmetic article into one or more smaller pieces.
  • the detergent product is in the form of a bar or billet.
  • Detergent products are available for variety of uses. Personal washing and laundry are two well-known applications. Products meant for personal washing are generally and popularly known as soaps and are generally sold in the form of bars. Bars of soap contain about 60 to 80 wt% alkali metal salts of fatty acids. Such bars are manufactured by milling, plodding and stamping a semi-solid mass of soap (i.e. mixture of alkali metal salts of fatty acids) and other ingredients. Soap bars can also be made by melt-cast process. Usually transparent bars are made by this process.
  • laundry bars and hand dish wash bars are made by cutting smaller bars from continuously extruding dough containing a blend of
  • composition is in the form of a billet or a bar of detergent.
  • Description and formulation of various types of soap or detergent compositions such melt-cast soap bar, milled and plodded soap bars, aerated soap bars, soap-based laundry bars, non-soap based laundry bars (NSD bars) and hand dish wash bars can be easily found in literature.
  • Melt cast soaps are characterized by lower soap content (i.e. mixture of alkali metal salts of fatty acids) and higher polyol content which gives such
  • compositions a distinctive transparent appearance. Therefore, a highly smooth and defect-free surface finish is particularly desirable for such bars. Therefore any method employed to cut the bars must provide a smooth surface with minimal indentations or striation marks.
  • soap compositions are harder than milled and plodded bars.
  • Deodorant products are more popular in their "stick form", which is technically a gelled product. It is preferred that the deodorant product is a gelled product. More preferably this gelled product is a deodorant stick. This product is often characterized on the basis of opacity or clarity.
  • the formulation includes a blend of waxy materials of different melting point, whereas clear products are commonly structured by a gelling agent which in the presence of other composition components, in translucent or transparent products.
  • Deodorant sticks are commonly formulated as anhydrous or low water content compositions using a blend of waxy materials having different melting points.
  • a typical deodorant stick includes from 10 to 75% by weight water; one or more gelling agents such as an alkali metal salt of a fatty acid (herein also referred to as a "soap"), preferably a C12 to C2 4 fatty acid, more preferably a C16 to C22 fatty acid, with sodium and potassium salts; one or more co-gellants such as polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymers; waxes and other organic or inorganic opacifying materials; a clarifying agent in amount up to 2 wt% for maintaining the clarity of the gelled composition which is preferably a basic amine selected from amino alkanols having from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups; 10 to about 80 wt % emollient and one or more deodorant actives.
  • gelling agents such as an alkali metal salt of a
  • Additional ingredients include preservatives, colorants, sunscreen, chelating agents, pH adjusters, viscosity modifiers, and fragrances and the total amount of such additional ingredients is from 0.01 to 5% by weight. Further description of a deodorant stick may be found in US2010158841 A1 (Unilever).
  • An essential element of all lipsticks is a lipophilic material from 10 to about 99 wt% such as hydrocarbon oils, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof and including waxes such as candelilla, beeswax, carnauba,
  • cosmetic articles such as bars of soap and detergent products are made on an industrial scale by using machines.
  • the cutting is done by bringing the article, such as detergent product e.g. a detergent bar, in contact with a jet of pressurised fluid which is sprayed from at least one nozzle having an orifice of cross- sectional area from 4.9X10 "4 mm 2 to 750x10 "4 mm 2 .
  • a jet of pressurised fluid which is sprayed from at least one nozzle having an orifice of cross- sectional area from 4.9X10 "4 mm 2 to 750x10 "4 mm 2 .
  • Novelty of the disclosed method resides in providing relative motion of 150 mm/minute to 1500 mm/minute between the article and the nozzle while the article is cut.
  • This relative movement can be achieved in at least two possible ways.
  • the cosmetic article intended to be cut is kept fixed while the nozzles are made to move over the surface of the article.
  • This method is particularly preferred when an intricate pattern or design needs to be cut starting from a bar or tablet of a detergent product.
  • This method is also particularly useful in cases where the cosmetic article is in the form of a billet of a melt-cast soap or detergent product or a log of extruded soap or detergent product which is to be continuously cut (severed) into a number of smaller bars of ready-to-use size.
  • the billet or log is preferably secured or held tightly while the nozzle or nozzles are made to move over it.
  • the contact of the jet of pressurised fluid with surface of the cosmetic article is also continuous.
  • the relative motion also called cutting speed
  • the relative motion is 150 mm/minute to 1500 mm/minute, preferably it is 250 mm/minute to 900 mm/minute.
  • a relative motion of 250 mm/minute to 600 mm/minute is provided.
  • the selected fluid is an aqueous liquid, a non-aqueous liquid or a gas.
  • gases include air, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon-dioxide.
  • exemplary aqueous liquids include water and brine.
  • Exemplary non-aqueous liquids include ethanol and propylene glycol. It is particularly preferred that the fluid is an aqueous liquid.
  • An optimal aqueous liquid is plain water.
  • pressure of the fluid jet is 600 bar to 7000 bar. In a more preferred method, this pressure is 1000 bar to 5000 bars. In further preferred method, the pressure is 1500 bar to 4000 bar.
  • the pressure is created because the fluid is forced through a nozzle which has an orifice of small cross-sectional area. This creates a very thin beam of pressurized fluid travelling almost at the speed of sound.
  • the jet of pressurised fluid is sprayed from at least one nozzle having an orifice of cross-sectional area from 4.9X10 "4 mm 2 to 700x10 "4 mm 2 .
  • This definition by way of cross-sectional area of the nozzle makes it clear that there is no preference for any particular shape of the orifice. However, most known orifices are circular, square, triangular or rectangular. It is preferred that the orifice is circular in shape.
  • the apparatus can include just a single nozzle (which has an orifice), it is preferred that the jet of pressurised fluid is sprayed simultaneously from plurality of nozzles, each having its own orifice. In such a case, it is preferred that cross section of each orifice is identical, more
  • each nozzle has an orifice of cross-sectional area from 4.9X10 "4 mm 2 to 750x10 "4 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the orifice or orifices of nozzle(s) is 1 10X10 "4 mm 2 to 750x10 "4 mm 2 .
  • most preferred cross-sectional area is 1 10X10 "4 mm 2 to 550x10 "4 mm 2 .
  • the disclosed ranges would approximately equate to a broad range (orifice diameter) of 0.025 mm to 0.25 mm, more preferred range of 0.12 mm to 0.25 mm and most preferred range of 0.12 mm to 0.17 mm.
  • the orifice of the nozzles should not be too large as it will likely affect
  • an orifice having cross-sectional area in the most preferred range minimizes wastage of material as particularly exemplified by a detergent product in the form of a billet of melt cast detergent product.
  • This technical benefit is particularly important when pressurized fluid is used for cutting (severing) a larger piece of detergent composition into smaller bars where even a 5 % reduction in wastage becomes enormous significant considering that factories typically produce thousands of tonnes of bars in a day. In normal course, such wasted material is usually recycled by mixing it with subsequent batches, but this also presents its own set of technical problems of re-processing. Therefore having minimal wastage is an ideal situation.
  • orifices of larger cross-sectional area tend to leave more scratches, indentations or other surface defects, incidences of which were surprisingly found to be significantly lower in cases where the jet was sprayed from an orifice whose cross-sectional area is within the most preferred range as disclosed earlier.
  • a further technical benefit of having orifice or orifices of smaller size (lower cross-sectional area) as compared to larger ones is that it allows for splitting the cutting heads into multiple units so that more number of articles could be cut simultaneously.
  • the distance between the nozzle and the article also plays an important role. It is preferred that a distance of 2 mm to 8 mm is maintained between tip of the nozzle or where there are multiple nozzles between tip of each nozzle and the detergent composition which is to be cut. It is preferred the distance is 2 mm to 6 mm and further more preferably 3 mm to 5 mm. This distance can be varied if required during cutting or shaping but it is preferred that the distance is kept constant during the course of the relative motion while the article is being cut. No special measures are necessary to maintain a constant distance In the case of simple two-dimensional article as exemplified by a detergent bar which does not have any contoured surface such as a concave, convex, saddled or profiled surface.
  • a bar has a contoured profile or any other non-linear shape
  • either the article (or the platform on which it is kept) or the nozzles need to be raised or lowered depending on whether the surface of the article has a raised profile or a depressed profile.
  • the nozzle or nozzles follow the profile of the article, such as a billet or bar of detergent product while it is being cut into individual bars or while it is being shaped. Without wishing to be bound by theory it is believed that this maximizes the surface and edge quality for each particular cutting speed and nozzle size.
  • the pressure is likely to be too high to get a good quality surface or edge finish.
  • distances beyond 8 mm could cause a greater degree of splashing of the fluid as it then becomes difficult to keep a straight jet of the fluid. This could eventually have an adverse impact on the capacity of the jet to provide precise cuts.
  • thickness of the detergent composition is from 10 mm to 60 mm, more preferably 10 mm to 50 mm and most preferably 10 mm to 40 mm. This thickness indicates the thickness of the cosmetic article which is to be cut. The thickness could be uniform or an article could have varying thickness, especially in the case of contoured bars or billets of detergent products.
  • Cosmetic articles such as deodorant sticks and detergent bars have a defined range of hardness. In the case of soaps and detergent products, especially of bars, it is an important measure of quality control. The lesser the penetration value, the higher is the hardness. Hardness of a cosmetic article has a direct relation with its formulation. Another point about hardness is that it tends to vary from time to time. For example, freshly made detergent bars are softer.
  • the disclosed method is applicable for cosmetic articles having hardness (expressed as penetration value) is in the range of 0 mm to 120 mm.
  • a preferred range is 0 mm to 80 mm. More preferred range is 0 mm to 60 mm and the most preferred range is 0 mm to 35 mm.
  • the broad range applies to most cosmetic articles such as detergent bars, deodorant sticks and lipsticks.
  • the preferred range of 0 mm to 60 mm and that of 0 mm to 80 mm applies particularly to detergent bars and deosticks.
  • the most preferred range of 0 mm to 35 mm applies to detergent bars.
  • Usually cast melt detergent bars and laundry bars are harder than milled and plodded detergent bars usually meant for personal wash.
  • the instrument is held steady in place for two minutes. After lapse of two minutes, the gauges on the top of the instrument are read. This reading is the number of millimeters that the tip of the cone has penetrated after two minutes. For example, if the small gauge reads 4 and the large gauge reads 0.27, it means that the cone has penetrated 4.27 mm.
  • the penetrometer may be clamped in position before pressing the release lever in order to keep the instrument steady.
  • Typical penetration values for various types of detergent bars are shown in Table 2. Also shown are the typical values after 3 months of storage at room temperature. Therefore, the difference in penetration values can be easily appreciated. Also included are values for a typical deodorant product (stick). Table 2
  • Examplel Effect of size of nozzle orifice (cross-sectional area) and variable relative movement on surface finish of a cosmetic article (detergent bar) cut from billets of the corresponding melt-cast composition
  • Billets of melt-cast detergent composition were made from the composition as described in Table 3 by the normal procedure.
  • the disclosed examples illustrate how the disclosed method involving further optimized parameters provides detergent bars with smoother surface.
  • the disclosed examples also illustrate how the method leads to lesser wastage of material.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de découpe ou de mise en forme d'articles cosmétiques à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression. L'invention a permis de déterminer la vitesse de coupe appropriée pour des articles cosmétiques ayant une dureté se situant dans une plage de 0 mm à 120 mm de manière à obtenir un fini plus lisse. L'invention concerne un procédé de découpe d'article cosmétique comprenant une étape consistant à amener ledit article en contact avec un jet de fluide sous pression pulvérisé depuis au moins une buse ayant un orifice dont la surface de la section transversale varie de 4,9X10"4 mm2 to 750x10"4 mm2, la dureté de l'article exprimée sous forme de valeur de pénétration allant de 0 mm à 120 mm, et un mouvement relatif de 150 mm/minute à 1500 mm/minute étant assuré entre ledit article et ladite buse pendant la découpe de l'article.
PCT/EP2013/073165 2012-11-23 2013-11-06 Procédé de découpe d'articles cosmétiques à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression WO2014079690A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112015011844A BR112015011844A2 (pt) 2012-11-23 2013-11-06 método de corte de um artigo cosmético

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12193937 2012-11-23
EP12193937.5 2012-11-23

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WO2014079690A1 true WO2014079690A1 (fr) 2014-05-30

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0219420A2 (fr) * 1985-10-08 1987-04-22 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Coupage par jet de fluide de pâte extrudée
JPH02135300A (ja) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-24 Shiseido Co Ltd 象眼を施した石鹸およびその製造方法
WO1996039847A1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 The Pillsbury Company Dispositif de decoupage par jet de liquide pour decouper un produit pateux roule
DE19808721A1 (de) * 1998-03-02 1999-09-09 Evertz Egon Kg Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum Wassertrennschneiden von Metallkörpern
WO1999067355A1 (fr) * 1998-06-24 1999-12-29 Edith Fischer Procede de production de savon multicolore comportant des motifs, des symboles et des images
WO2004069507A1 (fr) * 2003-02-05 2004-08-19 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif pour fractionner une matiere a mouler pateuse
US6800829B1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-10-05 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for repairing air-cooled airfoils
EP1418224B1 (fr) * 2002-10-09 2006-01-04 Unilever N.V. Procédé de fabrication d'une tablette détergente

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0219420A2 (fr) * 1985-10-08 1987-04-22 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Coupage par jet de fluide de pâte extrudée
JPH02135300A (ja) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-24 Shiseido Co Ltd 象眼を施した石鹸およびその製造方法
WO1996039847A1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 The Pillsbury Company Dispositif de decoupage par jet de liquide pour decouper un produit pateux roule
DE19808721A1 (de) * 1998-03-02 1999-09-09 Evertz Egon Kg Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum Wassertrennschneiden von Metallkörpern
WO1999067355A1 (fr) * 1998-06-24 1999-12-29 Edith Fischer Procede de production de savon multicolore comportant des motifs, des symboles et des images
EP1418224B1 (fr) * 2002-10-09 2006-01-04 Unilever N.V. Procédé de fabrication d'une tablette détergente
WO2004069507A1 (fr) * 2003-02-05 2004-08-19 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif pour fractionner une matiere a mouler pateuse
US6800829B1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-10-05 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for repairing air-cooled airfoils

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