WO2014075221A1 - 太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统及方法 - Google Patents

太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014075221A1
WO2014075221A1 PCT/CN2012/084528 CN2012084528W WO2014075221A1 WO 2014075221 A1 WO2014075221 A1 WO 2014075221A1 CN 2012084528 W CN2012084528 W CN 2012084528W WO 2014075221 A1 WO2014075221 A1 WO 2014075221A1
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Prior art keywords
fuel
internal combustion
combustion engine
solar
flue gas
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PCT/CN2012/084528
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金红光
洪慧
刘启斌
韩巍
隋军
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中国科学院工程热物理研究所
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Priority to US14/345,505 priority Critical patent/US9328659B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2012/084528 priority patent/WO2014075221A1/zh
Publication of WO2014075221A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014075221A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B73/00Combinations of two or more engines, not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D13/00Combinations of two or more machines or engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/068Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/06Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/071Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with energy storage devices
    • F03G6/074Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with energy storage devices of the non-thermal type, e.g. springs or batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62Absorption based systems
    • Y02B30/625Absorption based systems combined with heat or power generation [CHP], e.g. trigeneration
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of multi-energy complementary and new energy and energy saving and emission reduction technologies, and specifically relates to a distributed internal combustion engine cold and heat electric system complementary to solar energy and alternative fuel. And methods.
  • solar thermal energy and other resources are complementary to the fact that when solar energy does not reach the required temperature or without solar energy, fossil fuels are directly combusted to supply energy.
  • This simple solar collector and complementary technology for direct combustion of fossil fuels is widely used in solar heating, cooling, and solar thermal power systems. However, it does not pay attention to the matching and matching of energy grades in the process of complementing different resources. It is simply a simple superposition of different resources.
  • the cogeneration system with internal combustion engine as the core is a distributed energy system with good application prospects.
  • internal combustion engines not only have low equipment costs, but also have relatively good partial load characteristics under low load operating conditions.
  • most of the current thermal and thermal systems with gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines are the main pollutants.
  • excessive heat exhaust heat (400-600 ° C) direct heating resulting in a lot of residual heat waves Fee. Therefore, how to achieve efficient and stable operation under variable working conditions, that is, to ensure the stable power generation of the complementary system under variable working conditions and the net power of solar power is close to the design value, and at the same time realize the full and effective use of solar energy resources, and become a complementary technology of solar energy and thermal power stations.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a distributed internal combustion engine cold and hot electric system and method complementary to solar energy and alternative fuels, so as to solve the problems of existing solar thermal energy storage, high cost, and low efficiency.
  • the present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cold and thermoelectric system in which solar energy and an alternative fuel are complementary, the system comprising an energy storage system 100 in which solar energy is complementary to an alternative fuel, a solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200, and a solar fuel smoke.
  • the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy and the alternative fuel are complementary reactions, the solar concentrating mirror 4 is used to project the solar concentrating light onto the tubular endothermic reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough concentrating mirror 4, and the tubular endothermic reactor 5 is driven.
  • the alternative fuel is decomposed or reformed into solar fuel;
  • the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 includes a gas internal combustion engine 11 and a generator 12, and the solar fuel generated by the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy is complementary to the alternative fuel directly drives the internal combustion engine 11 to generate electricity, and the internal combustion of the internal combustion engine 11 releases high-temperature heat through the generator. 12 converted to electrical energy and output;
  • the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption type lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 includes a flue gas heat exchanger 13 and a steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14, and the solar fuel burns the residual heat of the flue gas after being generated in the internal combustion engine 11 through the flue gas heat exchanger 13 Producing steam, driving the steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 to cool and output;
  • Exhaust gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 the flue gas heat exchanger 13 generates steam and flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 flue gas sent through the exhaust gas waste heat recovery heat exchanger 16 to heat the feed water to produce hot water;
  • Cylinder liner water plate heat exchanger 17 the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine 11 is heated by the water supply plate to generate domestic hot water, and the generated domestic hot water is simultaneously supplied to the preheating evaporator 3 for use.
  • the present invention also provides a cold-thermal method for distributing internal combustion engine in which solar energy is complementary to an alternative fuel, which is applied to the system, the method comprising:
  • the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy is complementary to the alternative fuel uses a trough concentrating mirror 4 to project the solar condensed light onto the tubular endothermic reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough concentrating mirror 4, driving the tubular endothermic reactor 5 Alternative fuel decomposition or reforming to solar fuel;
  • the solar fuel generated by the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy is complementary to the alternative fuel directly drives the internal combustion engine 11 in the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 to generate electricity, and the high temperature heat is released by the internal combustion of the internal combustion engine 11 through the generator in the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200. 12 is converted into electrical energy and output;
  • the solar fuel combusts the residual heat of the flue gas after power generation in the internal combustion engine 11, and generates steam through the flue gas heat exchanger 13 in the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption type lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 to drive the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption type lithium bromide refrigeration system 300.
  • the steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 is cooled and output.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cold and thermoelectric system in which solar energy and alternative fuels are complementary, and the solar energy and the alternative fuel are complementary to realize the conversion of solar energy to fuel chemical energy.
  • Internal combustion The engine power is the combustion after the secondary conversion of the alternative fuel, not the direct combustion of the alternative fuel.
  • the invention has no separate high-cost solar power generation, cooling and heat supply, thereby effectively solving the problems of existing solar thermal energy storage, high cost and low efficiency.
  • the invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cold and heat electric system complementary to solar energy and alternative fuel, which has the characteristics of small capacity, high comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy and good economy.
  • a distributed production system with a heat collecting area of 325 m 2
  • a trough solar absorption reaction system with a heat collecting capacity of 140 kW and a cold and hot electric power of an internal combustion engine rated at 380 kW. If the annual solar energy operation time is 2500h, the solar radiation intensity is 600W/m 2 and the methanol fuel is 2000 yuan/ton.
  • the annual power supply of the complementary system can reach 903,000 kWh, the annual cooling capacity reaches 532,000 kWh, the annual heat supply reaches 724,000 kWh, the annual primary energy saving rate reaches 30.2%, and the complementary system annual energy comprehensive utilization efficiency reaches 70- 80%.
  • the net solar power generation efficiency reaches 25-28%, far exceeding the level of 10-17% of solar power alone.
  • the cooling price is 0.45 yuan / kWh
  • the heat price is 0.3 yuan / kWh
  • the electricity price is 1.08 yuan / kWh
  • the capacity of 380kW solar energy and alternative fuels complementary distributed internal combustion engine cogeneration system is about 5000 Yuan/kW
  • the investment recovery period is about 8 years, which is far lower than the investment cost of existing solar thermal power generation technology.
  • the present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cold and heat electric system in which solar energy and alternative fuel are complementary. If compared with a single solar photovoltaic power generation, solar heating, and cooling production technology, the solar energy collection efficiency of the complementary system is conservatively considered to be 50%, solar energy. Heating and cooling heat collection efficiency is 70%, and photovoltaic power generation efficiency is 15%. In the case of the same cold, electricity and heat output, the complementary distributed energy supply system can save 24% of the solar heat collection area, that is, the solar mirror field and investment cost will be reduced by 24% compared with the distribution.
  • the present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cold and heat electric system complementary to solar energy and alternative fuel, which uses solar energy to complement the alternative fuel, realizes efficient and high-quality utilization of medium and low temperature solar energy through cold and hot electric power of the internal combustion engine, and breaks through solar power generation, cooling and heating.
  • High-cost, low-efficiency technology bottlenecks It is characterized by miniaturization, flexibility, dispersion, and good economic and environmental protection. It can be widely used in small-scale power supply, cooling and heating in remote areas such as deserts and border posts. It has important economic and social value.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a distributed internal combustion engine thermoelectric system in which solar energy and alternative fuel are complementary.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the method of cold-heating of a distributed internal combustion engine in which solar energy and alternative fuel are complementary to the present invention.
  • the core idea of the invention is: Firstly, by integrating the thermochemical complementation of solar energy with alternative fuel conversion, the conventional energy storage device for solar heat utilization is eliminated; and integration with the internal combustion engine power generation system, the absorption refrigeration system and the heating and hot water system can To provide users with cold, heat and electricity at the same time, to achieve efficient and low-cost comprehensive utilization of low-temperature solar energy.
  • the invention firstly upgrades the aggregated 150 ⁇ 300 °C solar energy to a high-grade secondary hydrogen-rich fuel (H 2 , C0 2 , CO by a complementary tubular endothermic reactor through alternative fuel reforming or cracking). The form of chemical energy.
  • the solar fuel enters the small or medium-sized internal combustion engine through the compressor and the gas storage tank to drive the generator set to generate electricity, thereby realizing the high-efficiency thermal power generation of the medium-low temperature solar energy.
  • the high-temperature flue gas residual heat after the burning of solar fuel through the waste heat boiler and the lithium bromide waste heat absorption refrigeration system, provides the summer cold load, completes the refrigeration utilization of the solar fuel waste heat, and the exhaust gas and the cylinder liner cooling water provide the hot water load.
  • the residual heat of the liner water and the residual heat of the exhaust gas provide heat and domestic hot water load through the heat exchanger.
  • the present invention provides a distributed internal combustion engine cold and thermoelectric system complementary to alternative fuels, including an energy storage system 100 in which solar energy and alternative fuels are complementary reactions, a solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200, and a solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption system.
  • the main connection method is as follows:
  • the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy and the alternative fuel are complementary reactions are respectively connected to the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200, the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 and the cylinder liner water plate heat exchanger 17, and the solar fuel internal combustion engine generates electricity.
  • the system 200 is connected to the energy storage system 100, which is complementary to the solar energy and the alternative fuel by a pipeline, the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption type lithium bromide refrigeration system 300, the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 and the cylinder liner water plate heat exchanger 17, solar fuel.
  • the flue gas waste heat absorption type lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 is connected to the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200, the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, and the exhaust gas heat recovery heat exchanger 16 through pipes. All connecting pipes are provided with valves for control.
  • the energy storage system 100 for complementary reaction of solar energy and alternative fuel includes a raw material tank 1, a raw material pump 2, a preheating evaporator 3, a trough condenser 4, a tubular endothermic reactor 5, a condenser 6, a gas-liquid separator 7, and a gas pressure.
  • the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy is complementary to the alternative fuel uses a trough concentrating mirror 4 to project the solar condensed light onto the tubular endothermic reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough concentrating mirror 4, driving the tubular endothermic reactor 5
  • Alternative fuels are decomposed or reformed into solar fuel.
  • Alternative fuels are methanol and dimethyl ether.
  • the trough concentrating mirror 4 is collected and projected onto the tubular absorption reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough condenser 4; after the alternative fuel in the raw material tank 1 is mixed, it is sent from the raw material pump 2 to the preheating evaporator 3 for pre-preparation.
  • the formed feed gas enters the tubular endothermic reactor 5, absorbs 150°C ⁇ 300°C solar thermal energy in the tubular endothermic reactor 5, and performs decomposition or reforming reaction;
  • the fuel enters the solar fuel storage tank 9 via the compressor 8.
  • the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 includes a gas internal combustion engine 11 and a generator 12.
  • solar energy generated by the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy is complementary to the alternative fuel and the air from the outside enter the internal combustion engine 11 through the air mixer and the gas compressor, and the high temperature heat is released.
  • the high-temperature flue gas is generated by the generator set 12 to realize electric power output.
  • the high temperature flue gas contains 3 ⁇ 40, N 2 , 0 2 , and a small amount of C0 2 .
  • the inside of the internal combustion engine 11 is burned with solar fuel, and the discharged flue gas enters the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15.
  • the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption type lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 includes a flue gas heat exchanger 13 and a steam type double effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 .
  • the flue gas heat exchanger 13 converts the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 into steam, and drives the steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 to achieve refrigeration in the summer cooling season.
  • Refrigeration utilization of exhaust heat of exhaust gas of internal combustion engine heating hot water is generated in the heating season in winter, and the domestic heat is generated by the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 16 to generate domestic hot water to complete the heating utilization of the exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine.
  • the cylinder liner water plate heat exchanger 17 uses the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine 11 to heat the feed water to generate domestic hot water, and the generated domestic hot water is simultaneously supplied to the preheating evaporator 3 to meet the heat demand of the fuel for preheating and evaporation. .
  • the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 is in parallel with the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy and the alternative fuel are complementary reactions.
  • the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 is started, and the alternative fuel preheated by the preheating evaporator 3 and the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 enter the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the flue gas
  • the residual heat provides the heat of reaction required to convert the alternative fuel into a hydrogen-rich fuel, converting all of the alternative fuel into a hydrogen-rich fuel into the internal combustion engine 11, the remaining smoke
  • the residual heat of the gas enters the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the exhaust gas heat recovery heat exchanger 16 respectively, generates steam in the flue gas heat exchanger 13, and drives the steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 to achieve refrigeration in the summer cooling season;
  • the hot water in the heat exchanger 16 generates domestic hot water.
  • methanol can be converted into syngas to ensure fuel supply during operation of
  • the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 In the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 and the alternative fuel preheated by the preheating evaporator 3 when the solar radiation is insufficient or rainy when it is raining enters the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the flue gas The residual heat provides the heat of reaction required for the conversion of the alternative fuel to the hydrogen-rich fuel, converting all of the alternative fuel into a hydrogen-rich fuel into the internal combustion engine 11, and the remaining flue gas residual heat enters the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the exhaust gas heat recovery heat exchanger 16, respectively.
  • the waste heat of flue gas provides the heat of reaction required for the conversion of the methanol fuel into a hydrogen-rich fuel, so that all the alternative fuels are converted to ensure that the combustion of the fuel entering the internal combustion engine 11 is the combustion of the hydrogen-rich fuel, rather than replacing it. Direct combustion of fuel.
  • the flue gas sent from the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the flue gas recovered from the waste heat recovery reaction device 15 are heated by the exhaust gas heat recovery heat exchanger 16 to generate domestic hot water.
  • the distributed internal combustion engine cold and heat electric system supplemented by the solar energy and the alternative fuel provided by the invention can be operated in different ways by the control system under different loads and different occasions, and has the common realization of high-efficiency and high-quality power generation of medium and low temperature solar energy. Cooling and heating functions.
  • Solar energy and alternative fuels have an energy storage effect, but there is no need to install a heat storage device.
  • the methanol fuel is preheated and the evaporation process is provided by the solar energy; the cloudy and winter are provided by waste heat such as the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and the cooling water of the liner.
  • Solar-powered alternative fuels are processes that pass through the material cycle, not the material passing through the reaction process.
  • the excess produced syngas can be stored using a fuel gas tank.
  • the distributed internal combustion engine cooling and heating system of the solar energy and the alternative fuel provided by the present invention can adjust the amount of steam generated by the flue gas heat exchanger 13 to provide both cogeneration and cogeneration.
  • the cooling and heating subsystems can be decoupled by the control device, and the internal combustion engine with solar energy and alternative fuel can be separately generated.
  • the tubular endothermic reactor 5 employs a single pass reaction and a material recycle reaction.
  • the control strategy satisfied too Under the condition that the utilization of the solar energy is maximized and the material flow rate is maximized, according to the change of the solar radiation, by switching the raw material circulation pump 10, two modes of one-pass reaction and material circulation reaction can be adopted.
  • the circulation pump 10 When the solar irradiation intensity is large, it can meet the temperature required for the complete reaction of the alternative fuel, the circulation pump 10 is shut down, and the conversion operation mode is adopted once; the products of the outlet of the self-tube endothermic reactor 5 include 3 ⁇ 4, CO, C0 2 and The reaction material enters the condenser 6 to be cooled and cooled, and the resulting gas-liquid mixture enters the gas-liquid separator 7 to achieve gas-liquid separation.
  • the fuel generated by the gas-liquid separator 7 enters the solar fuel storage tank 9 via the compressor 8.
  • the circulation pump 10 When the solar irradiation intensity cannot guarantee the complete conversion under the maximum flow rate of the material, the circulation pump 10 is turned on, and the material circulation and the material partial reaction mode are adopted; the unreacted material enters the raw material tank 1 from the gas-liquid separator 7, and the raw material tank 1 After the alternative fuel is mixed, it is sent to the preheating evaporator 3 via the raw material pump 2 for preheating, evaporation and superheating, and the formed raw material gas enters the tubular endothermic reactor 5 for recycling.
  • the reaction products at the outlet of the tubular endothermic reactor 5 are mainly H 2 , CO, CO 2 and methanol fuel which is not involved in the reaction.
  • the reaction product is cooled by the condenser 6 and separated by the gas-liquid separator 7, and the solar fuel containing 3 ⁇ 4, CO, and CO 2 as a main component is compressed into the gas storage tank 9.
  • the unreacted reaction product enters the raw material tank 1, and is recycled through the raw material pump 2, the preheating evaporator 3, and the tubular endothermic reactor 5.
  • the gas storage tank 9 of the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy is complementary to the alternative fuel is connected to the fuel inlet pipe of the internal combustion engine 11 .
  • Solar fuel is burned in the internal combustion engine 11 cylinder, releasing high-temperature heat, driving the internal combustion engine, and converting it into high-quality electric energy utilization.
  • the internal combustion engine 11 burns solar fuel, which is the combustion of secondary fuel that is driven by solar energy to replace fuel reforming or pyrolysis to bring about changes in composition and increase in heat value.
  • the methanol fuel preheating and evaporation process can be provided by solar energy, in the cloudy and winter months, and can be provided by the residual heat of the cooling water of the cylinder liner water heat exchanger 17 .
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for cooling and thermoelectricizing a distributed internal combustion engine in which solar energy and alternative fuel are provided by the present invention, the method comprising:
  • Step 1 An energy storage system 100 in which solar energy and alternative fuels are complementary to each other uses a trough condenser 4 to project solar light onto a tubular endothermic reactor 5 arranged along a focal line of a trough condenser 4 to drive a tubular endothermic reaction.
  • the alternative fuel in the reactor 5 is decomposed or reformed into a solar fuel;
  • Step 2 Solar energy generated by the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy is complementary to the alternative fuel
  • the fuel directly drives the internal combustion engine 11 of the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 to generate electricity, and the high temperature heat is released by the internal combustion of the internal combustion engine 11 , and is converted into electric energy by the generator 12 in the solar fuel internal combustion engine power generation system 200 and output;
  • Step 3 The solar fuel burns the residual heat of the flue gas after power generation in the internal combustion engine 11, and the steam heat exchanger 13 in the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption type lithium bromide refrigeration system 300 generates steam to drive the solar fuel flue gas waste heat absorption type lithium bromide
  • the steam type double effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 in the refrigeration system 300 is cooled and output.
  • the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy is complementary to the alternative fuel includes a raw material tank 1, a raw material pump 2, a preheating evaporator 3, a trough condenser 4, a tubular endothermic reactor 5, and a condenser 6.
  • the solar energy is collected by the trough condenser 4, projected onto the tubular absorption reactor 5 arranged along the focal line of the trough condenser 4;
  • the alternative fuel is mixed, it is sent from the raw material pump 2 to the preheating evaporator 3 for preheating, evaporation and superheating, and the formed raw material gas enters the tubular endothermic reactor 5, and absorbs 150 in the tubular endothermic reactor 5.
  • the energy storage system 100 in which the solar energy is complementary to the alternative fuel further includes a circulation pump 10 connected between the gas-liquid separator 7 and the raw material tank 1, and the solar irradiation intensity cannot guarantee the complete flow of the material at the maximum flow rate.
  • the circulation pump 10 is turned on, and the material circulation and material partial reaction are adopted; the unreacted material enters the raw material tank 1 from the gas-liquid separator 7, is mixed with the alternative fuel in the raw material tank 1, and is sent to the preheating through the raw material pump 2.
  • Preheating, evaporation and superheating are carried out in the evaporator 3, and the formed raw material gas enters the tubular endothermic reactor 5 for recycling.
  • the circulation pump 10 When the solar irradiation intensity is large, it can meet the temperature required for the complete reaction of the alternative fuel, the circulation pump 10 is shut down, and the conversion operation mode is adopted once; the products of the outlet of the self-tube endothermic reactor 5 include 3 ⁇ 4, CO, C0 2 and The reaction material enters the condenser 6 to be cooled and cooled, and the resulting gas-liquid mixture enters the gas-liquid separator 7 to achieve gas-liquid separation.
  • the fuel generated by the gas-liquid separator 7 enters the solar fuel storage tank 9 via the compressor 8.
  • the flue gas is activated when the solar radiation is insufficient or when it is raining in the cloudy weather.
  • the waste heat recovery reaction device 15, the alternative fuel preheated by the preheating evaporator 3 and the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 enter the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, and the flue gas waste heat provides the reaction heat required for the conversion of the alternative fuel into the hydrogen rich fuel.
  • the entire fuel is converted into a hydrogen-rich fuel into the internal combustion engine 11, and the remaining flue gas residual heat enters the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the exhaust gas heat recovery heat exchanger 16, respectively, and generates steam in the flue gas heat exchanger 13 to be driven during the summer cooling season.
  • the steam type double-effect lithium bromide refrigeration unit 14 realizes refrigeration; the feed water is heated in the exhaust gas heat recovery heat exchanger 16 to generate domestic hot water.
  • the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 the flue gas waste heat discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 provides the reaction heat required for the conversion of the alternative fuel into the hydrogen rich fuel, so that the alternative fuel is completely converted to ensure that the fuel combustion entering the internal combustion engine 11 is a hydrogen rich fuel. Combustion, not direct combustion of alternative fuels.
  • the flue gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 11 and the alternative fuel preheated by the preheating evaporator 3 when the solar radiation is insufficient or rainy when it is raining enters the flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15, and the flue gas waste heat provides the conversion of the alternative fuel to the hydrogen rich fuel.
  • the heat of reaction converts all of the alternative fuel into a hydrogen-rich fuel into the internal combustion engine 11, and the remaining flue gas residual heat enters the flue gas heat exchanger 13 and the exhaust gas heat recovery heat exchanger 16, respectively.
  • the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine 11 is heated by the water jacketed water heat exchanger 17 to generate domestic hot water, and the generated domestic hot water is simultaneously supplied to the preheating evaporator 3.
  • the flue gas sent from the steam and flue gas waste heat recovery reaction device 15 generated by the flue gas heat exchanger 13 is heated by the exhaust gas heat recovery heat exchanger 16 to generate domestic hot water.
  • the following is a specific example.
  • a border guard post area in the west there is a need for electricity, heating, domestic hot water and refrigeration.
  • the annual average irradiance of the solar energy available in the region is about 400 W/m 2 .
  • the annual average electric load (all year) is 110kW
  • the annual average domestic hot water load is 70 kW
  • the cooling load is lOO kW cooling season:
  • the heating load is 80 kW heating season:).
  • Waste heat boiler (smoke residual heat 1 steam production: 0.11t/h
  • the net solar power generation capacity is 116 kW
  • the cooling capacity is 110 kW
  • the annual full load operation time is 8760 hours
  • the annual power supply is 1 million kWh
  • the annual consumption of methanol is 650 tons
  • the annual cooling capacity is 320,000 kWh
  • the annual heating capacity is 240,000 kWh.
  • the annual hot water supply is 520,000 kWh. The system can recover the investment within 7 years.
  • the net electricity is purchased, and a methanol boiler is used to heat the living hot water.
  • the efficiency of the methanol hot water boiler is 85%, and in the case of the same output as the co-production, the production system needs to consume 800 tons of methanol. It can be seen that the energy saving rate of the distributed internal combustion engine thermoelectric system complementary to the solar energy and the alternative fuel provided by the invention can reach 23%.
  • the annual power supply is 1 million kWh
  • the annual cooling capacity is 260,000 kWh
  • the annual heating capacity is 190,000 kWh
  • the annual hot water supply is 500,000. kWh
  • the annual consumption of methanol is 650 tons.
  • the system can recycle the production system that uses methanol combustion within 8 years, that is, purchase net electricity, and use methanol boiler to heat domestic hot water.
  • the grid power efficiency of 30.4% (after considering 8% of the network loss)
  • the methanol hot water boiler efficiency is 85%, in the case of the same output with the co-production, the production system needs to consume methanol 789 Ton. It can be seen that the energy saving rate of the distributed internal combustion engine thermoelectric system complementary to the solar energy and the alternative fuel provided by the invention can reach 20.2%.

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Abstract

一种太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统,包括太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统(100)、太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统(200)、太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统(300)、烟气余热回收反应装置(15)、尾气余热回收换热器(16)和缸套水板式换热器(17);同时还公开了一种应用上述太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统的方法。本发明通过太阳能与替代燃料互补实现太阳能向燃料化学能的转化,使光转化合成气燃料储存,且与内燃机冷热电联产系统耦合,实现了低成本、高效的太阳能冷、热、电联供的多功能目的。

Description

太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统及方法 技术领域 本发明涉及多能源互补及新能源和节能减排技术领域, 具体是一种 太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统及方法。
背景技术 利用太阳热能发电、 制冷和供热, 是实现我国 2020 年非化石能源 占一次能源消费比重达到 15%左右目标的主要措施之一。但由于太阳能 能量密度低、 不连续和蓄能难, 造成太阳能利用率低下, 开发利用程度 受到严重限制。 特别是对于太阳能热发电, 无论采用槽式还是塔式的太 阳能热发电技术, 高温不稳定的大热流密度吸收器和发电工质温度低造 成的成本高、 效率低等技术瓶颈, 是太阳能热发电无法规模化应用的主 要根源。 另外, 当单独利用太阳热能来供暖或制冷时, 由于太阳能不稳 定、 不连续性与采暖、 制冷需求相对稳定存在矛盾。
太阳能热利用与其他资源互补, 特别是太阳能与化石能源互补, 是 目前解决太阳能利用率低、 不连续问题的一个主要途径。 国际上太阳热 能与化石能源互补多是在太阳能达不到所需温度或无太阳能时, 由化石 燃料直接燃烧供给能量。 这种简单的太阳能集热与化石燃料直接燃烧的 互补技术在太阳能供热、 制冷以及太阳能热发电系统中广泛使用。 但它 没有注重不同资源互补过程的能量品位对口和匹配, 仅仅是一种不同资 源的简单叠加利用。
以内燃机为动力核心的冷热电联产系统是当前具有较好应用前景 的分布式能源系统。 相对燃气轮机, 内燃机不仅装置成本低, 而且在低 负荷运行工况下, 具有相对好的部分负荷特性。 但目前汽油或柴油内燃 机为动力核心的冷热电系统大多存在严重污染物排放问题。 另外, 在冬 季, 过高温度的排烟余热(400-600°C )直接供暖, 造成了大量余热的浪 费。 因此, 如何实现变工况下高效稳定运行, 即保证变工况下互补系统 的发电功率稳定且太阳能净发电功率接近设计值, 同时实现太阳能资源 的充分有效利用, 成为了太阳能与火电站互补技术的急需解决的重要技 术问题。
发明内容
(一) 要解决的技术问题
有鉴于此, 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种太阳能与替代燃料互补 的分布式内燃机冷热电系统及方法, 以解决现有太阳能热利用蓄能难、 成本高和效率低的问题。
(二) 技术方案
为达到上述目的, 本发明提供了一种太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布 式内燃机冷热电系统, 该系统包括太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系 统 100、 太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200、 太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式 溴化锂制冷系统 300、 烟气余热回收反应装置 15、 尾气余热回收换热器 16和缸套水板式换热器 17, 其中:
太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100, 采用槽式聚光镜 4将 太阳能聚光投射到沿槽式聚光镜 4焦线布置的管式吸热反应器 5上, 驱 动管式吸热反应器 5中的替代燃料分解或重整为太阳能燃料;
太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200, 包括燃气内燃机 11和发电机 12, 太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100产生的太阳能燃料直接驱动 内燃机 11发电, 通过内燃机 11气缸内燃烧释放高温热量, 经发电机 12 转化为电能并输出;
太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 300, 包括烟气换热器 13和蒸汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组 14, 太阳能燃料在内燃机 11中燃烧发 电后的烟气余热, 经烟气换热器 13 产生蒸汽, 驱动蒸汽型双效溴化锂 制冷机组 14制冷并输出; 烟气余热回收反应装置 15, 内燃机 11排出的烟气和在太阳能辐照 不足或阴天下雨时经预热蒸发器 3预热的替代燃料均进入烟气余热回收 反应装置 15, 烟气余热提供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需要的反应热, 使 替代燃料全部转换为富氢燃料进入内燃机 11,剩余的烟气余热分别进入 烟气换热器 13和尾气余热回收换热器 16;
尾气余热回收换热器 16, 烟气换热器 13产生的蒸汽和烟气余热回 收反应装置 15中送来的烟气经尾气余热回收换热器 16加热给水产生生 活热水;
缸套水板式换热器 17, 内燃机 11 的缸套水通过缸套水板式换热器 17加热给水产生生活热水,产生的生活热水同时提供给预热蒸发器 3使 用。
为达到上述目的, 本发明还提供了一种太阳能与替代燃料互补的分 布式内燃机冷热电方法, 应用于所述的系统, 该方法包括:
太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100采用槽式聚光镜 4将太 阳能聚光投射到沿槽式聚光镜 4焦线布置的管式吸热反应器 5上, 驱动 管式吸热反应器 5中的替代燃料分解或重整为太阳能燃料;
太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100产生的太阳能燃料直接 驱动太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200中的内燃机 11发电, 通过内燃机 11气缸内燃烧释放高温热量,经太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200中的发 电机 12转化为电能并输出;
太阳能燃料在内燃机 11 中燃烧发电后的烟气余热, 经太阳能燃料 烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 300中的烟气换热器 13产生蒸汽, 驱 动太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 300中的蒸汽型双效溴化 锂制冷机组 14制冷并输出。
(三) 有益效果
从上述技术方案可以看出, 本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、 本发明提供太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统, 采用的太阳能与替代燃料互补实现了太阳能向燃料化学能的转化。 内燃 机动力采用的是替代燃料二次转化后的燃烧, 不是替代燃料的直接燃 烧。 使光转化合成气燃料储存, 且与内燃机冷热电联产系统耦合, 不仅 储能密度高、储能装置容积小, 而且同时达到低成本、高效的太阳能冷、 热、 电联供的多功能目的; 而且还可依据冷热负荷变化, 通过调节太阳 能燃料燃烧烟气量, 既可太阳能热电联供、 也可冷电联供。 本发明非单 独的高成本的太阳能发电、 供冷、 供热, 因此有效地解决了现有太阳能 热利用蓄能难、 成本高和效率低的问题。
2、 本发明提供太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统, 具有容量小、 太阳能能源综合利用率高及经济性好等特点。 对于集热面 积 325m2,集热功率 140kW的槽式太阳能吸收反应系统与一台额定功率 为 380kW的内燃机的冷热电相结合的联产系统。若设定太阳能年运行时 间 2500h, 太阳辐照强度 600W/m2, 甲醇燃料 2000元 /吨。 该互补系统 年供电量可达到 90.3万 kWh, 年供冷量达到 53.2万 kWh, 年供热量达 到 72.4万 kWh, 年一次能源节能率达到 30.2%, 互补系统全年能量综合 利用效率达到 70-80%。 太阳能净发电效率达到 25-28%, 远超于太阳能 单独发电 10-17%的水平。 若以冷价 0.45元 /kWh, 热价 0.3元 /kWh, 电 价 1.08元 /kWh计算,容量为 380kW的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式 内燃机冷热电联产系统, 其单位装置投资成本约 5000元 /kW, 投资回收 期在 8年左右, 远低于现有太阳能热发电技术投资成本。
3、 本发明提供太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统, 如果与单一太阳能光伏发电、 太阳能供热、 供冷的分产技术比较, 保守 考虑互补系统的太阳能集热效率 50%,太阳能供热及制冷集热效率 70%, 光伏发电效率 15%。 在输出相同的冷、 电、 热的情况下, 该互补分布式 供能系统可节约太阳能集热面积 24%, 也就是说, 太阳能镜场占地面积 和投资成本将比分产减少 24%。
4、 本发明提供太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统, 采用太阳能与替代燃料互补, 通过内燃机冷热电实现中低温太阳能高 效、 高质利用, 突破了太阳能单独发电、 制冷和供暖成本高、 效率低的 技术瓶颈。 具有小型化、 灵活、 分散、 和较好的经济性、 环保性特点, 可广泛应用于荒漠、 边防哨所等偏僻地区的小规模供电、 制冷及供热, 具有重要的经济和社会价值。
附图说明 图 1是本发明提供太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系 统的结构示意图。
图 2是本发明提供的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电 方法的流程图。
附图标记:
100太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统:
1原料罐, 2原料泵, 3预热蒸发器, 4槽式聚光镜, 5管式吸热 反应器, 6冷凝器, 7气液分离器, 8压气机, 9储气罐, 10循环泵; 200太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统:
11内燃机, 12发电机;
300太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统:
13烟气换热器, 14蒸汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组;
15烟气余热回收反应装置;
16尾气余热回收换热器;
17缸套水板式换热器。
具体实施方式 为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合具体 实施例, 并参照附图, 对本发明进一歩详细说明。
本发明的核心思想是: 首先通过集成太阳能与替代燃料转化的热化 学互补, 取消太阳能热利用的传统蓄能装置; 再与内燃机发电系统、 吸 收式制冷系统和供暖及热水系统的集成, 可以为用户同时提供冷、 热、 电, 实现中低温太阳能高效、 低成本的综合利用。 本发明首先通过互补式的管式吸热反应器,将聚集的 150〜300°C的 太阳能通过替代燃料重整或裂解, 被提升到高品位二次富氢燃料 (H2、 C02、 CO) 化学能的形式。 太阳能燃料经压缩机、 储气罐进入小型或中 型内燃机燃烧, 推动发电机组发电, 从而实现了中低温太阳能的高效热 发电。 夏季, 太阳能燃料燃烧后的高温烟气余热, 经余热锅炉和溴化锂 余热吸收式制冷系统, 提供夏季的冷负荷, 完成太阳能燃料余热的制冷 利用, 尾气及缸套冷却水提供热水负荷。 冬季, 缸套水余热和尾气部分 余热通过热交换器提供供暖和生活热水负荷。
如图 1所示, 本发明提供的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 包括太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100, 太阳能 燃料内燃机发电系统 200、 太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 300、烟气余热回收反应装置 15、尾气余热回收换热器 16和缸套水板式 换热器 17。
其主要连接方式是: 太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100通 过管道分别与太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200、 烟气余热回收反应装置 15及缸套水板式换热器 17连接, 太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200通过 管道分别与太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100、 太阳能燃料烟 气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 300、烟气余热回收反应装置 15及缸套水 板式换热器 17 连接, 太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 300 通过管道分别与太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200、 烟气余热回收反应装 置 15及尾气余热回收换热器 16连接。 所有连接管道均设置有阀门进行 控制。
太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100包括原料罐 1、 原料泵 2、 预热蒸发器 3、 槽式聚光镜 4、 管式吸热反应器 5、 冷凝器 6、 气液 分离器 7、 压气机 8、 储气罐 9和循环泵 10。 太阳能与替代燃料互补反 应的蓄能系统 100采用槽式聚光镜 4将太阳能聚光投射到沿槽式聚光镜 4焦线布置的管式吸热反应器 5上, 驱动管式吸热反应器 5中的替代燃 料分解或重整为太阳能燃料。 替代燃料是甲醇和二甲醚等。 经太阳能热 化学反应, 转化并直接储存为 ¾、 C02、 CO等太阳能燃料。 太阳能经 槽式聚光镜 4聚集, 投射到沿槽式聚光镜 4的焦线布置的管式吸收反应 器 5; 原料罐 1中的替代燃料经混合后, 由原料泵 2送至预热蒸发器 3 中进行预热、 蒸发和过热, 形成的原料气进入管式吸热反应器 5, 在管 式吸热反应器 5内吸收 150°C〜300°C太阳热能, 进行分解或重整反应; 自管式吸热反应器 5 出口的产物, 包括 ¾、 CO、 C02及未反应物料, 进入冷凝器 6中冷却降温, 产生的气液混合物进入气液分离器 7实现气 液分离,气液分离器 7生成的燃料经压气机 8进入太阳能燃料储气罐 9。
太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200包括燃气内燃机 11和发电机 12。 在所述太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200中, 太阳能与替代燃料互补反应 的蓄能系统 100产生的太阳能燃料与来自外部的空气经空气混合器和气 体压缩机后进入内燃机 11 燃烧, 释放高温热量, 产生的高温烟气经发 电机组 12发电, 实现电力输出。 其中, 高温烟气中含有 ¾0、 N2、 02, 以及少量的 C02。内燃机 11内燃烧的是太阳能燃料,排出的烟气进入到 烟气余热回收反应装置 15。
太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 300包括烟气换热器 13 和蒸汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组 14。在所述太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴 化锂制冷系统 300中, 烟气换热器 13将内燃机 11排出的烟气转化为蒸 汽, 在夏季制冷季节驱动蒸汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组 14 实现制冷, 完 成内燃机排烟余热的制冷利用; 在冬季供暖季节产生供暖热水, 经尾气 余热回收换热器 16 加热给水产生生活热水, 完成内燃机排烟余热的供 暖利用。
所述缸套水板式换热器 17利用所述内燃机 11的缸套水加热给水产 生生活热水, 产生的生活热水同时提供给预热蒸发器 3来满足燃料的预 热和蒸发的热量需求。
烟气余热回收反应装置 15 与太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系 统 100并行。 在太阳能辐照不足或阴天下雨时, 启动烟气余热回收反应 装置 15, 经预热蒸发器 3预热的替代燃料与内燃机 11排出的烟气均进 入烟气余热回收反应装置 15,烟气余热提供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需 要的反应热, 使替代燃料全部转换为富氢燃料进入内燃机 11, 剩余的烟 气余热分别进入烟气换热器 13和尾气余热回收换热器 16, 在烟气换热 器 13产生蒸汽, 在夏季制冷季节驱动蒸汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组 14实 现制冷; 在尾气余热回收换热器 16 中加热给水产生生活热水。 在烟气 余热回收反应装置 15 中, 甲醇可以转换为合成气, 以保证内燃机工作 过程中的燃料供应。
在烟气余热回收反应装置 15中, 内燃机 11排出的烟气和在太阳能 辐照不足或阴天下雨时经预热蒸发器 3预热的替代燃料均进入烟气余热 回收反应装置 15, 烟气余热提供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需要的反应 热, 使替代燃料全部转换为富氢燃料进入内燃机 11, 剩余的烟气余热分 别进入烟气换热器 13和尾气余热回收换热器 16。
在烟气余热回收反应装置 15 中, 烟气余热提供甲醇燃料转换为富 氢燃料需要的反应热, 使替代燃料全部转换, 以保证进入内燃机 11 的 燃料燃烧是富氢燃料的燃烧, 而非替代燃料的直接燃烧。
烟气换热器 13产生的蒸汽和烟气余热回收反应装置 15中送来的烟 气经尾气余热回收换热器 16加热给水产生生活热水。
本发明提供的这种太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电 系统, 可以在不同负荷、不同场合下, 通过控制系统采用不同方式运行, 具有共同实现中低温太阳能高效、 高质的发电、 制冷、 供热的功能。
太阳能与替代燃料互补反应具有蓄能作用, 但不需要设置蓄热装 置。 在太阳能充足时, 甲醇燃料预热、 蒸发过程由太阳能提供热量; 阴 天和冬天由内燃机尾气及缸套冷却水等余热提供。 太阳能驱动替代燃料 是通过物料循环的反应过程, 不是物料一次通过反应过程。 在太阳能辐 照高于设计辐照强度时, 可用燃料气罐, 将多余生产的合成气储存。
根据冷热负荷变化, 本发明提供的这种太阳能与替代燃料互补的分 布式内燃机冷热电系统, 通过调节烟气换热器 13 产生的蒸汽量, 既可 热电联供也可冷电联供。 没有冷热负荷时, 可以通过控制装置, 解耦制 冷和供热子系统, 进行太阳能与替代燃料互补的内燃机单独发电。
在太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100中, 管式吸热反应器 5采用一次通过反应和物料循环反应两种方式。 在控制策略上, 满足太 阳能利用份额最大化和物料流量最大条件下, 根据太阳能辐照变化, 通 过关启原料循环泵 10, 可以采用一次通过反应和物料循环反应两种模 式。 当太阳辐照强度很大, 能满足替代燃料完全反应需要温度, 关闭循 环泵 10,采用一次通过转化运行方式; 自管式吸热反应器 5出口的产物, 包括 ¾、 CO、 C02及未反应物料, 进入冷凝器 6中冷却降温, 产生的 气液混合物进入气液分离器 7实现气液分离, 气液分离器 7生成的燃料 经压气机 8进入太阳能燃料储气罐 9。 当太阳辐照强度不能保证物料最 大流量下的完全转化, 开启循环泵 10, 采用物料循环和物料部分反应的 方式; 未反应物料从气液分离器 7进入原料罐 1, 与原料罐 1中的替代 燃料混合后, 经原料泵 2送至预热蒸发器 3中进行预热、 蒸发和过热, 形成的原料气进入管式吸热反应器 5, 进行循环使用。
管式吸热反应器 5出口的反应产物主要是 H2、 CO、 C02和未参加 反应的甲醇燃料。 反应产物经冷凝器 6 冷却和气液分离器 7 分离, 以 ¾、 CO、 C02为主要成分的太阳能燃料被压缩进入储气罐 9。 未反应的 反应产物进入原料罐 1, 通过原料泵 2、 预热蒸发器 3和管式吸热反应 器 5, 进行循环使用。
太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100的储气罐 9出口管道与 内燃机 11燃料进口管道相连。 太阳能燃料在内燃机 11汽缸内燃烧, 释 放高温热量, 驱动内燃机, 转化为高质电能利用。 内燃机 11 燃烧的是 太阳能燃料, 是太阳能驱动替代燃料重整或热解带来组分发生变化和热 值增加的二次燃料的燃烧。
甲醇燃料预热、 蒸发过程可以由太阳能提供热量, 阴天和冬天, 可 以采用由缸套水板式换热器 17冷却水的余热提供。
基于图 1所示的系统, 图 2示出了本发明提供的太阳能与替代燃料 互补的分布式内燃机冷热电方法的流程图, 该方法包括:
歩骤 1 : 太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100采用槽式聚光 镜 4将太阳能聚光投射到沿槽式聚光镜 4焦线布置的管式吸热反应器 5 上, 驱动管式吸热反应器 5中的替代燃料分解或重整为太阳能燃料; 歩骤 2: 太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100产生的太阳能 燃料直接驱动太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200中的内燃机 11发电, 通 过内燃机 11 气缸内燃烧释放高温热量, 经太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 200中的发电机 12转化为电能并输出;
歩骤 3 : 太阳能燃料在内燃机 11中燃烧发电后的烟气余热, 经太阳 能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 300中的烟气换热器 13产生蒸 汽, 驱动太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 300中的蒸汽型双 效溴化锂制冷机组 14制冷并输出。
在歩骤 1中, 所述太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100包括 原料罐 1、 原料泵 2、 预热蒸发器 3、 槽式聚光镜 4、 管式吸热反应器 5、 冷凝器 6、 气液分离器 7、 压气机 8和储气罐 9, 其中: 太阳能经槽式聚 光镜 4聚集, 投射到沿槽式聚光镜 4的焦线布置的管式吸收反应器 5; 原料罐 1中的替代燃料经混合后, 由原料泵 2送至预热蒸发器 3中进行 预热、 蒸发和过热, 形成的原料气进入管式吸热反应器 5, 在管式吸热 反应器 5内吸收 150°C〜300°C太阳热能, 进行分解或重整反应; 自管式 吸热反应器 5 出口的产物, 包括 ¾、 CO、 C02及未反应物料, 进入冷 凝器 6中冷却降温,产生的气液混合物进入气液分离器 7实现气液分离, 气液分离器 7生成的燃料经压气机 8进入太阳能燃料储气罐 9。
进一歩地, 所述太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 100还包括 循环泵 10, 连接于气液分离器 7与原料罐 1之间, 当太阳辐照强度不能 保证物料最大流量下的完全转化, 开启循环泵 10, 采用物料循环和物料 部分反应的方式; 未反应物料从气液分离器 7进入原料罐 1, 与原料罐 1中的替代燃料混合后, 经原料泵 2送至预热蒸发器 3中进行预热、 蒸 发和过热, 形成的原料气进入管式吸热反应器 5, 进行循环使用。 当太 阳辐照强度很大, 能满足替代燃料完全反应需要温度, 关闭循环泵 10, 采用一次通过转化运行方式; 自管式吸热反应器 5 出口的产物, 包括 ¾、 CO、 C02及未反应物料, 进入冷凝器 6中冷却降温, 产生的气液混 合物进入气液分离器 7实现气液分离, 气液分离器 7生成的燃料经压气 机 8进入太阳能燃料储气罐 9。
在图 2所示的方法中, 在太阳能辐照不足或阴天下雨时, 启动烟气 余热回收反应装置 15, 经预热蒸发器 3预热的替代燃料与内燃机 11排 出的烟气均进入烟气余热回收反应装置 15,烟气余热提供替代燃料转换 为富氢燃料需要的反应热, 使替代燃料全部转换为富氢燃料进入内燃机 11,剩余的烟气余热分别进入烟气换热器 13和尾气余热回收换热器 16, 在烟气换热器 13 产生蒸汽, 在夏季制冷季节驱动蒸汽型双效溴化锂制 冷机组 14实现制冷; 在尾气余热回收换热器 16中加热给水产生生活热 水。 在所述烟气余热回收反应装置 15中, 内燃机 11排出的烟气余热提 供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需要的反应热, 使替代燃料全部转换, 以保 证进入内燃机 11 的燃料燃烧是富氢燃料的燃烧, 而非替代燃料的直接 燃烧。
内燃机 11 排出的烟气和在太阳能辐照不足或阴天下雨时经预热蒸 发器 3预热的替代燃料均进入烟气余热回收反应装置 15,烟气余热提供 替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需要的反应热, 使替代燃料全部转换为富氢燃 料进入内燃机 11, 剩余的烟气余热分别进入烟气换热器 13和尾气余热 回收换热器 16。内燃机 11的缸套水通过缸套水板式换热器 17加热给水 产生生活热水, 产生的生活热水同时提供给预热蒸发器 3使用。 烟气换 热器 13产生的蒸汽和烟气余热回收反应装置 15中送来的烟气经尾气余 热回收换热器 16加热给水产生生活热水。
下面以一个具体例子来说明。 西部某边防哨所地区, 需要有电力、 供暖、 生活热水和制冷需求。 该地区太阳能可利用的时间段内年平均辐 照强度约为 400W/m2。 年均电力负荷 (全年) 为 110kW, 年均生活热 水负荷为 70 kW, 制冷负荷为 lOO kW制冷季节:), 供暖负荷为 80 kW供 暖季节:)。
若采用本发明提出的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热 电系统, 根据负荷情况, 可采用方案的主要设备及参数如表 1所示。
表 1 主要设备及参数
Figure imgf000013_0001
统 设计集热量: 69kW 太阳能燃料内燃机 3 发电功率: 116 kW/台
发电系统 发电效率: 35%
排烟温度: 515 °C
余热锅炉(烟气余热 1 产汽量: 0.11t/h
回收反应装置) 蒸汽压力: 0.5MPa
太阳能燃料烟气余 1 制冷功率: llOkW
热吸收式溴化锂制 制冷水温度: 7/12 °C
冷系统
尾气余热回收换热 1 换热功率: 11.6kW
缸套水板式换热器 1 换热功率: 61 kW
储气罐 1 容积: 8000m3 (5MPa)
本实施例太阳能净发电量 116 kW, 制冷 110kW, 年满负荷运行时 间为 8760小时, 年供电量 100万 kWh, 年耗甲醇 650吨, 年制冷量为 32万 kWh, 年供暖量 24万 kWh, 年供热水量 52万 kWh。 系统可在 7 年内回收投资。
若采用甲醇燃烧的分产系统, 即购买网电, 并使用甲醇锅炉加热生 活热水。 按照网电效率为 30.4% (考虑 8%的网损后), 甲醇热水锅炉效 率为 85%,则在与联产相同产出的情况下,分产系统共需要消耗甲醇 800 吨。 由此可以看出, 本发明提供的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电系统节能率可达 23%。
如果夏季制冷季节和冬季供暖季节用 20%的烟气余热分解甲醇, 则 年供电量为 100万 kWh,年制冷量为 26万 kWh,年供暖量为 19万 kWh, 年供热水量为 50万 kWh, 年耗甲醇量 650吨, 系统可在 8年内回收投 若采用甲醇燃烧的分产系统, 即购买网电, 并使用甲醇锅炉加热生 活热水。 按照网电效率为 30.4% (考虑 8%的网损后), 甲醇热水锅炉效 率为 85%,则在与联产相同产出的情况下,分产系统共需要消耗甲醇 789 吨。 由此可以看出, 本发明提供的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电系统节能率可达 20.2%。
以上所述的具体实施例, 对本发明的目的、 技术方案和有益效果进 行了进一歩详细说明, 所应理解的是, 以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施 例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所做的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电系统, 其特 征在于, 该系统包括太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 (100)、 太 阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 (200)、 太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制 冷系统(300)、烟气余热回收反应装置(15)、尾气余热回收换热器(16) 和缸套水板式换热器 (17), 其中:
太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统(100),采用槽式聚光镜(4) 将太阳能聚光投射到沿槽式聚光镜(4)焦线布置的管式吸热反应器(5) 上, 驱动管式吸热反应器 (5 ) 中的替代燃料分解或重整为太阳能燃料; 太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 (200), 包括燃气内燃机 (11 ) 和发电 机 (12), 太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 (100) 产生的太阳能 燃料直接驱动内燃机 (11 ) 发电, 通过内燃机 (11 ) 气缸内燃烧释放高 温热量, 经发电机 (12) 转化为电能并输出;
太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 (300), 包括烟气换热 器(13 )和蒸汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组(14),太阳能燃料在内燃机(11 ) 中燃烧发电后的烟气余热, 经烟气换热器 (13 ) 产生蒸汽, 驱动蒸汽型 双效溴化锂制冷机组 (14) 制冷并输出;
烟气余热回收反应装置 (15 ), 内燃机 (11 ) 排出的烟气和在太阳 能辐照不足或阴天下雨时经预热蒸发器 (3 ) 预热的替代燃料均进入烟 气余热回收反应装置 (15 ), 烟气余热提供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需 要的反应热, 使替代燃料全部转换为富氢燃料进入内燃机 (11 ), 剩余 的烟气余热分别进入烟气换热器 (13 ) 和尾气余热回收换热器 (16); 尾气余热回收换热器 (16), 烟气换热器 (13 ) 产生的蒸汽和烟气 余热回收反应装置 (15) 中送来的烟气经尾气余热回收换热器 (16) 加 热给水产生生活热水;
缸套水板式换热器 (17 ), 内燃机 (11 ) 的缸套水通过缸套水板式 换热器 (17) 加热给水产生生活热水, 产生的生活热水同时提供给预热 蒸发器 (3 ) 使用。 2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 所述太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统
(100) 包括原料罐 (1)、 原料泵 (2)、 预热蒸发器 (3)、 槽式聚光镜 (4)、 管式吸热反应器(5)、冷凝器(6)、气液分离器(7)、压气机(8) 和储气罐 (9), 其中:
太阳能经槽式聚光镜 (4) 聚集, 投射到沿槽式聚光镜 (4) 的焦线 布置的管式吸收反应器 (5); 原料罐 (1) 中的替代燃料经混合后, 由 原料泵 (2) 送至预热蒸发器 (3) 中进行预热、 蒸发和过热, 形成的原 料气进入管式吸热反应器(5), 在管式吸热反应器(5) 内吸收 150°C〜 300°C太阳热能, 进行分解或重整反应; 自管式吸热反应器 (5) 出口的 产物, 包括 ¾、 CO、 C02及未反应物料, 进入冷凝器(6) 中冷却降温, 产生的气液混合物进入气液分离器(7)实现气液分离, 气液分离器(7) 生成的燃料经压气机 (8) 进入太阳能燃料储气罐 (9)。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 所述太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统
(100) 还包括循环泵 (10), 连接于气液分离器 (7) 与原料罐 (1) 之 间, 当太阳辐照强度不能保证物料最大流量下的完全转化, 开启循环泵
(10), 采用物料循环和物料部分反应的方式; 未反应物料从气液分离 器 (7) 进入原料罐 (1), 与原料罐 (1) 中的替代燃料混合后, 经原料 泵 (2) 送至预热蒸发器 (3) 中进行预热、 蒸发和过热, 形成的原料气 进入管式吸热反应器 (5), 进行循环使用。
4、 根据权利要求 3 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 当太阳辐照强度很大, 能满足替代燃料完全 反应需要温度, 关闭循环泵 (10), 采用一次通过转化运行方式; 自管 式吸热反应器 (5) 出口的产物, 包括 H2、 CO、 C02及未反应物料, 进 入冷凝器 (6) 中冷却降温, 产生的气液混合物进入气液分离器 (7) 实 现气液分离, 气液分离器 (7) 生成的燃料经压气机 (8) 进入太阳能燃 料储气罐 (9)。
5、 根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的 分布式内燃机冷热电系统,其特征在于,所述替代燃料是甲醇和二甲醚, 经太阳能热化学分解或重整反应,转化并直接储存为太阳能燃料 H2、C02 禾口 CO。
6、 根据权利要求 1 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 在所述太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 (200) 中, 太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 (100) 产生的太阳能燃料 与来自外部的空气经空气混合器和气体压缩机后进入内燃机(11 )燃烧, 释放高温热量, 产生的高温烟气经发电机组(12)发电, 实现电力输出。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 所述高温烟气中含有 ¾0、 N2、 02, 以及少 量的 C02
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 所述内燃机 (11 ) 内燃烧的是太阳能燃料, 排出的烟气进入到烟气余热回收反应装置 (15)。
9、 根据权利要求 1 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 在所述太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制 冷系统 (300) 中, 烟气换热器 (13 ) 将内燃机 (11 ) 排出的烟气转化 为蒸汽, 在夏季制冷季节驱动蒸汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组 (14) 实现制 冷, 完成内燃机排烟余热的制冷利用; 在冬季供暖季节产生供暖热水, 经尾气余热回收换热器 (16) 加热给水产生生活热水, 完成内燃机排烟 余热的供暖利用。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 所述缸套水板式换热器 (17) 利用所述内燃 机 (11 ) 的缸套水加热给水产生生活热水, 产生的生活热水同时提供给 预热蒸发器 (3 ) 来满足燃料的预热和蒸发的热量需求。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机 冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 所述烟气余热回收反应装置与所述太阳能与 替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 (100) 并行, 在太阳能辐照不足或阴天 下雨时, 启动烟气余热回收反应装置 (15), 经预热蒸发器 (3 ) 预热的 替代燃料与内燃机(11 )排出的烟气均进入烟气余热回收反应装置(15), 烟气余热提供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需要的反应热, 使替代燃料全部 转换为富氢燃料进入内燃机 (11 ), 剩余的烟气余热分别进入烟气换热 器 (13 ) 和尾气余热回收换热器 (16), 在烟气换热器 (13 ) 产生蒸汽, 在夏季制冷季节驱动蒸汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组 (14) 实现制冷; 在尾 气余热回收换热器 (16) 中加热给水产生生活热水。
12、 根据权利要求 11 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电系统, 其特征在于, 在所述烟气余热回收反应装置 (15) 中, 内燃机 (11 ) 排出的烟气余热提供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需要的反应 热, 使替代燃料全部转换, 以保证进入内燃机 (11 ) 的燃料燃烧是富氢 燃料的燃烧, 而非替代燃料的直接燃烧。
13、 一种太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃机冷热电方法, 应用 于权利要求 1所述的系统, 其特征在于, 该方法包括:
太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统(100)采用槽式聚光镜(4) 将太阳能聚光投射到沿槽式聚光镜(4)焦线布置的管式吸热反应器(5) 上, 驱动管式吸热反应器 (5 ) 中的替代燃料分解或重整为太阳能燃料; 太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系统 (100) 产生的太阳能燃料 直接驱动太阳能燃料内燃机发电系统 (200) 中的内燃机 (11 ) 发电, 通过内燃机 (11 ) 气缸内燃烧释放高温热量, 经太阳能燃料内燃机发电 系统 (200) 中的发电机 (12) 转化为电能并输出;
太阳能燃料在内燃机 (11 ) 中燃烧发电后的烟气余热, 经太阳能燃 料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 (300) 中的烟气换热器 (13 ) 产生 蒸汽, 驱动太阳能燃料烟气余热吸收式溴化锂制冷系统 (300 ) 中的蒸 汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组 (14) 制冷并输出。
14、 根据权利要求 13 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电方法, 其特征在于, 所述太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系 统 (100) 包括原料罐 (1 )、 原料泵 (2 )、 预热蒸发器 (3 )、 槽式聚光 镜 (4)、 管式吸热反应器 (5)、 冷凝器 (6)、 气液分离器 (7)、 压气机
(8) 和储气罐 (9), 其中: 太阳能经槽式聚光镜 (4) 聚集, 投射到沿槽式聚光镜 (4) 的焦线 布置的管式吸收反应器 (5 ); 原料罐 (1 ) 中的替代燃料经混合后, 由 原料泵 (2) 送至预热蒸发器 (3 ) 中进行预热、 蒸发和过热, 形成的原 料气进入管式吸热反应器(5), 在管式吸热反应器(5) 内吸收 150°C〜 300°C太阳热能, 进行分解或重整反应; 自管式吸热反应器 (5) 出口的 产物, 包括 ¾、 CO、 C02及未反应物料, 进入冷凝器(6) 中冷却降温, 产生的气液混合物进入气液分离器(7 )实现气液分离, 气液分离器(7) 生成的燃料经压气机 (8) 进入太阳能燃料储气罐 (9)。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电方法, 其特征在于, 所述太阳能与替代燃料互补反应的蓄能系 统 (100) 还包括循环泵 (10), 连接于气液分离器 (7) 与原料罐 (1 ) 之间, 当太阳辐照强度不能保证物料最大流量下的完全转化, 开启循环 泵 (10), 采用物料循环和物料部分反应的方式; 未反应物料从气液分 离器 (7) 进入原料罐 (1 ), 与原料罐 (1 ) 中的替代燃料混合后, 经原 料泵 (2) 送至预热蒸发器 (3 ) 中进行预热、 蒸发和过热, 形成的原料 气进入管式吸热反应器 (5), 进行循环使用。
16、 根据权利要求 15 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电方法, 其特征在于, 当太阳辐照强度很大, 能满足替代燃料完 全反应需要温度, 关闭循环泵 (10), 采用一次通过转化运行方式; 自 管式吸热反应器 (5) 出口的产物, 包括 ¾、 CO、 C02及未反应物料, 进入冷凝器 (6) 中冷却降温, 产生的气液混合物进入气液分离器 (7) 实现气液分离, 气液分离器 (7) 生成的燃料经压气机 (8) 进入太阳能 燃料储气罐 (9)。
17、 根据权利要求 13 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电方法, 其特征在于, 在太阳能辐照不足或阴天下雨时, 启动烟 气余热回收反应装置 (15), 经预热蒸发器 (3 ) 预热的替代燃料与内燃 机 (11 ) 排出的烟气均进入烟气余热回收反应装置 (15 ), 烟气余热提 供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需要的反应热, 使替代燃料全部转换为富氢 燃料进入内燃机 (11 ), 剩余的烟气余热分别进入烟气换热器 (13 ) 和 尾气余热回收换热器 (16), 在烟气换热器 (13 ) 产生蒸汽, 在夏季制 冷季节驱动蒸汽型双效溴化锂制冷机组 (14) 实现制冷; 在尾气余热回 收换热器 (16) 中加热给水产生生活热水。
18、 根据权利要求 17 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电方法, 其特征在于, 在所述烟气余热回收反应装置 (15) 中, 内燃机 (11 ) 排出的烟气余热提供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需要的反应 热, 使替代燃料全部转换, 以保证进入内燃机 (11 ) 的燃料燃烧是富氢 燃料的燃烧, 而非替代燃料的直接燃烧。
19、 根据权利要求 13 所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电方法, 其特征在于, 该方法还包括:
内燃机 (11 ) 排出的烟气和在太阳能辐照不足或阴天下雨时经预热 蒸发器 (3 ) 预热的替代燃料均进入烟气余热回收反应装置 (15), 烟气 余热提供替代燃料转换为富氢燃料需要的反应热, 使替代燃料全部转换 为富氢燃料进入内燃机( 11 ),剩余的烟气余热分别进入烟气换热器(13 ) 和尾气余热回收换热器 (16)。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电方法, 其特征在于, 该方法还包括:
内燃机 (11 ) 的缸套水通过缸套水板式换热器 (17) 加热给水产生 生活热水, 产生的生活热水同时提供给预热蒸发器 (3 ) 使用。
21、 根据权利要求 19所述的太阳能与替代燃料互补的分布式内燃 机冷热电方法, 其特征在于, 该方法还包括:
烟气换热器 (13 ) 产生的蒸汽和烟气余热回收反应装置 (15 ) 中送 来的烟气经尾气余热回收换热器 (16) 加热给水产生生活热水。
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