WO2014072024A1 - Method for filling a storage container with a pressurized, gaseous medium - Google Patents

Method for filling a storage container with a pressurized, gaseous medium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014072024A1
WO2014072024A1 PCT/EP2013/003178 EP2013003178W WO2014072024A1 WO 2014072024 A1 WO2014072024 A1 WO 2014072024A1 EP 2013003178 W EP2013003178 W EP 2013003178W WO 2014072024 A1 WO2014072024 A1 WO 2014072024A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
medium
temperature
compressed
predefined
refueling
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Application number
PCT/EP2013/003178
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wilfried-Henning Reese
Tobias Kederer
Simon Schäfer
Michael WESTERMEIER
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2014072024A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014072024A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for refueling a storage container with a pressurized, gaseous medium, in particular in the form of hydrogen.
  • Vehicles fueling hydrogen gas as fuel require specially designed refueling stations which direct the relatively high pressure gaseous hydrogen (e.g., 700 bar) into the vehicle tank or reservoir. In such gas stations is transferred to store liquefied hydrogen in a preferably provided with a vacuum super insulation memory. To be able to compress the approximately pressure-free liquid hydrogen to the desired storage pressure of up to 700 bar, are
  • Liquid hydrogen or cryopumps provided. The compression of the
  • Hydrogen by means of such pumps is relatively economical and inexpensive, since in the case of liquid promotion or compression is only a small compression work to be done. Furthermore, a complex cooling of the hydrogen stream thus compressed is no longer necessary since the temperature at the outlet of the cryopump is comparatively low at about 50 to 60 K.
  • Refueling -40 ⁇ does not fall below.
  • the hydrogen for refueling a storage container in particular within a predetermined period of time, for example 25 s, to a relatively narrow temperature range of -40t> is -33 ⁇ tempered, which is regularly detected in the pump at the entrance to the filling hose to the storage tank.
  • the time span is usually in the range of 15 s to 30 s. Due to variable pipe lengths of the tank supply line in said gas stations and the changing temperature conditions in the pipelines a constant temperature of the hydrogen (of eg -40X) at the pump is difficult to realize.
  • each refueling operation leads to a temporary lowering of the pipeline temperature and to a renewed approximation of the pipeline temperature to the ambient temperature after completion of the refueling process. Therefore, the pipeline temperature at the start of a refueling process strongly depends on how long ago a potentially preceding refueling process took place. It is easy to see that at ambient temperatures above -40 ⁇ , constant pre-cooling of the hydrogen within the prescribed temperature range of -40X and -33 will prevent it from falling below the minimum temperature of -40 at the pump, but may result in longer (warm) piping in that said temperature range, for example, can not be reached within the predetermined period of time (see above).
  • the present invention seeks to provide a method of the type mentioned, in which the hydrogen is quickly brought to refueling a storage tank to an allowable temperature.
  • an initial temperature of the medium used for the application is measured, in particular to determine whether the temperature of a tank supply line is lowered, for example, by a recently advanced refueling process or the tank supply line already has ambient temperature, in which case the temperature of the medium when refueling one of the respective Initial temperature associated, fixed preprogrammed temperature curve (also referred to as cooling curve), is brought within a predefined period of time to a desired temperature.
  • the medium eg, hydrogen
  • pre-programmed cooling curve of cold and warm medium.
  • These fixed temperature curves for the respective initial temperature are preferably designed such that the gaseous medium or the hydrogen reaches the desired temperature between -33 and -40X in a predefined period of time and at the same time does not exceed the temperature limit of -40.
  • the said predefined period of time is preferably in a range of 15 s to 30 s and in particular 25 s.
  • Temperature of the medium can be controlled directly so that it follows the predetermined temperature curve for the respective initial temperature (for example by means of a feedback control). Furthermore, the temperature curve can easily determine or determine at which time a certain amount of cold medium is mixed with a certain amount of warm medium and is passed into the storage container. Here, no feedback control takes place, but the setting of the temperature of the medium after a fixed by the temperature curve sequence. Thus, the temperature curve can be e.g. set the opening ratios of corresponding valves for mixing the medium. Thus, in a variant of the invention, it is preferably provided that the setting of the temperature of the medium to the desired temperature by pre-programmed proportionate mixing of cold portions and warm portions of the medium takes place, so that the temporal temperature profile of the medium of the preprogrammed
  • a current temperature of the medium is continuously or repeatedly determined and the medium by proportionate mixing of cold portions and warm portions of the Medium, is controlled to the desired temperature, so that the time course of the current temperature of the medium of the pre-programmed temperature curve corresponds to or is approximated.
  • the inventive method preferably provides that to obtain the medium or the hydrogen from a liquid hydrogen storage, wherein a
  • Liquid hydrogen or cryopump (in particular in the form of a piston pump) is provided as a pressure increasing means (compression means), which is preferably also used to carry out the above-mentioned pressure and tightness test. That is, the respective storage tank is supplied with hydrogen by means of said pump before the actual refueling to perform the pressure and tightness test.
  • the medium for proportionate mixing of hot and cold portions of the medium to reach the desired temperature, the medium is first compressed in one or more stages (for example with the aid of said cryopump), the temperature of the compressed medium after compression being preferred is below the desired temperature.
  • a partial flow of the compressed medium is further warmed to a temperature which is preferably above the desired temperature.
  • Another partial flow of the compressed medium is not warmed.
  • the two partial flows are then mixed in such a possibly temporally changing ratio that the resulting temperature of the medium follows the predetermined cooling curve and is ultimately approximated to the desired temperature.
  • the partial flow of the compressed medium to be heated is warmed to ambient temperature.
  • Ambient air heat exchanger and / or a heat exchanger which uses the heat from the drive cooling of the machine used for the compression (s) and / or external heat supply takes place.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the sequence of the invention
  • FIG 1 shows schematically the sequence of the method according to the invention, which is preferably used in refueling stations with LH2 storage in which LH2 pumps (for example LH2 piston pumps) are used
  • Pressure booster can be used.
  • Initial temperature T 0 of the hydrogen or medium measured and stored.
  • a controller can detect whether it is a refueling with a warm pipe system, for example, after a plant shutdown, or whether immediately before a vehicle memory has been filled and the system is already pre-cooled.
  • a fixed cooling curve K is automatically selected 102 and the hydrogen is used to fill the vehicle tank or storage tank according to the associated, pre-programmed cooling curve K of cold and warm hydrogen
  • Temperature curves designated) are designed such that the hydrogen reaches the required temperature between -33 "C and -40 in a predetermined period t '(eg in the range of 15 s to 30 s) and at the same time does not fall below the temperature limit of -40 exists for each at the beginning determined

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for filling a storage container with a pressurized, gaseous medium, in particular hydrogen, wherein, prior to filling, the storage container is subjected to said medium, in particular in order to carry out a pressure and/or leaktightness test, and in the process a starting temperature (T0) of the medium is measured, and then, during filling, the temperature (T) of the medium is set to a desired temperature (Tg) within a predefined period of time in a manner following a predefined temperature curve (K) assigned to the particular starting temperature (T0).

Description

Beschreibung  description
Verfahren zum Betanken eines Speicherbehälters mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medium Method for refueling a storage container with a pressurized gaseous medium
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betanken eines Speicherbehälters mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigem Medium, insbesondere in Form von Wasserstoff. The invention relates to a method for refueling a storage container with a pressurized, gaseous medium, in particular in the form of hydrogen.
Fahrzeuge, die als Treibstoff gasförmigen Wasserstoff tanken, benötigen speziell ausgebildete Tankstellen, die den unter vergleichsweise hohem Druck stehenden gasförmigen Wasserstoff (z.B. 700 bar) in den Fahrzeugtank oder Speicherbehälter leiten. Bei derartigen Tankstellen wird dazu übergegangen, verflüssigten Wasserstoff in einem vorzugsweise mit einer Vakuumsuperisolierung versehenen Speicher zu speichern. Um den annähernd drucklos gelagerten flüssigen Wasserstoff auf den gewünschten Speicherdruck von bis zu 700 bar verdichten zu können, sind Vehicles fueling hydrogen gas as fuel require specially designed refueling stations which direct the relatively high pressure gaseous hydrogen (e.g., 700 bar) into the vehicle tank or reservoir. In such gas stations is transferred to store liquefied hydrogen in a preferably provided with a vacuum super insulation memory. To be able to compress the approximately pressure-free liquid hydrogen to the desired storage pressure of up to 700 bar, are
Flüssigwasserstoff- bzw. Kryopumpen vorgesehen. Die Komprimierung des Liquid hydrogen or cryopumps provided. The compression of the
Wasserstoffs mittels derartiger Pumpen ist vergleichsweise wirtschaftlich und kostengünstig, da im Falle der Flüssigförderung bzw. -komprimierung lediglich eine geringe Kompressionsarbeit zu leisten ist. Des Weiteren ist eine aufwändige Kühlung des derart verdichteten Wasserstoffstromes nicht mehr erforderlich, da die Temperatur am Ausgang der Kryopumpe mit etwa 50 bis 60 K vergleichsweise niedrig ist. Hydrogen by means of such pumps is relatively economical and inexpensive, since in the case of liquid promotion or compression is only a small compression work to be done. Furthermore, a complex cooling of the hydrogen stream thus compressed is no longer necessary since the temperature at the outlet of the cryopump is comparatively low at about 50 to 60 K.
In der Regel ist vorgesehen (z.B. gemäß Standard SAE J2601 ), dass mit gasförmigem Wasserstoff betriebene Fahrzeuge innerhalb von 3 Minuten auf 700 bar betankt werden sollen, ohne dass dabei die Temperatur des Speicherbehälters (z.B. des Fahrzeugtanks) über eine Temperatur von 85Ό anstei gt. Andererseits wird As a rule, it is envisaged (eg according to standard SAE J2601) that vehicles operated with gaseous hydrogen should be refueled to 700 bar within 3 minutes without the temperature of the storage tank (eg of the vehicle tank) rising above a temperature of 85 °. On the other hand will
üblicherweise verlangt, dass die Temperatur des Wasserstoffs während des usually requires that the temperature of the hydrogen during the
Tankvorgangs -40Ό nicht unterschreitet. Dabei soll der Wasserstoff zur Betankung eines Speicherbehälters insbesondere innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne, z.B. 25 s, auf einen vergleichsweise schmalen Temperaturbereich von -40t>is -33Ό temperiert werden, der regelmäßig in der Zapfsäule am Eintritt in den Füllschlauch zum Speicherbehälter erfasst wird. Je nach Version der SAE J2601 liegt die besagte Zeitspanne für gewöhnlich in einem Bereich von 15 s bis 30 s. Aufgrund variabler Rohrleitungslängen der Tankzuleitung in besagten Tankstellen und der wechselnden Temperaturverhältnisse in den Rohrleitungen ist eine konstante Temperatur des Wasserstoffs (von z.B. -40X) an der Zapfsäule jedoch schwierig zu realisieren. So führt beispielsweise jeder Tankvorgang zu einer temporären Absenkung der Rohleitungstemperatur und zu einer nach Beendigung des Tankvorgangs neuerlichen Angleichung der Rohrleitungstemperatur an die Umgebungstemperatur. Daher hängt die Rohrleitungstemperatur beim Start eines Tankvorgangs stark davon ab, wie lange ein potentiell vorangegangener Tankvorgang zurückliegt. Es ist leicht einsehbar, dass bei Umgebungstemperaturen von über -40Ό eine konstante Vorkühlung des Wasserstoffs im vorgeschriebenen Temperaturbereich von -40X und -33 zwar ein Unterschreiten der Mindest temperatur von -40 an der Zapfsäule verhindert, aber bei längeren (warmen) Rohrleitungen dazu führen kann, dass besagter Temperaturbereich z.B. nicht innerhalb der vorgegebenen Zeitspanne (siehe oben) erreicht werden kann. Eine Vorkühlung des Wasserstoffs auf unter -40 ist ebenso ungeeignet, da das Risiko besteht, dass der Wasserstoff an der Zapfsäule noch immer eine Temperatur von unter -4CTC aufweist und der Tankvorgang daher abgebrochen werden muss. Hiervon ausgehend liegt daher der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem der Wasserstoff zum Betanken eines Speichertanks zügig auf eine zulässige Temperatur gebracht wird. Refueling -40Ό does not fall below. Here, the hydrogen for refueling a storage container, in particular within a predetermined period of time, for example 25 s, to a relatively narrow temperature range of -40t> is -33Ό tempered, which is regularly detected in the pump at the entrance to the filling hose to the storage tank. Depending on the version of the SAE J2601, the time span is usually in the range of 15 s to 30 s. Due to variable pipe lengths of the tank supply line in said gas stations and the changing temperature conditions in the pipelines a constant temperature of the hydrogen (of eg -40X) at the pump is difficult to realize. For example, each refueling operation leads to a temporary lowering of the pipeline temperature and to a renewed approximation of the pipeline temperature to the ambient temperature after completion of the refueling process. Therefore, the pipeline temperature at the start of a refueling process strongly depends on how long ago a potentially preceding refueling process took place. It is easy to see that at ambient temperatures above -40Ό, constant pre-cooling of the hydrogen within the prescribed temperature range of -40X and -33 will prevent it from falling below the minimum temperature of -40 at the pump, but may result in longer (warm) piping in that said temperature range, for example, can not be reached within the predetermined period of time (see above). Pre-cooling of the hydrogen to below -40 is also unsuitable because there is a risk that the hydrogen at the pump still has a temperature below -4CTC and therefore the refueling process must be stopped. Proceeding from this, therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a method of the type mentioned, in which the hydrogen is quickly brought to refueling a storage tank to an allowable temperature.
Dieses Problem wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind des Weiteren in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. This problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are further specified in the subclaims.
Gemäß Anspruch 1 wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der Speicherbehälter vor dem eigentlichen Betanken, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Druck- und/oder Dichtheitstests, mit jenem Medium beaufschlagt, insbesondere mittels einer Kolbenpumpe, wobei eine Anfangstemperatur des zum Beaufschlagen verwendeten Mediums gemessen wird, insbesondere um Festzustellen, ob die Temperatur einer Tankzuleitung beispielsweise durch einen kürzlich vorrausgegangenen Tankvorgang noch erniedrigt ist oder die Tankzuleitung bereits Umgebungstemperatur aufweist, wobei sodann die Temperatur des Mediums beim Betanken einer der jeweiligen Anfangstemperatur zugeordneten, fest vorprogrammierten Temperaturkurve (auch als Abkühlkurve bezeichnet) folgend, innerhalb einer vordefinierten Zeitspanne auf eine gewünschte Temperatur gebracht wird. Hierbei wird z.B. das Medium (z.B. Wasserstoff) entsprechend der jeweils zugeordneten, vorprogrammierten Abkühlkurve aus kaltem und warmem Medium gemischt. According to claim 1, in the method according to the invention before the actual refueling, in particular for performing a pressure and / or leak test, subjected to that medium, in particular by means of a piston pump, wherein an initial temperature of the medium used for the application is measured, in particular to determine whether the temperature of a tank supply line is lowered, for example, by a recently advanced refueling process or the tank supply line already has ambient temperature, in which case the temperature of the medium when refueling one of the respective Initial temperature associated, fixed preprogrammed temperature curve (also referred to as cooling curve), is brought within a predefined period of time to a desired temperature. Here, for example, the medium (eg, hydrogen) is mixed according to the respectively assigned, pre-programmed cooling curve of cold and warm medium.
Diese für die jeweilige Anfangstemperatur fest vorgegebenen Temperaturkurven sind vorzugsweise derart ausgeführt, dass das gasförmige Medium bzw. der Wasserstoff die gewünschte Temperatur zwischen -33 und -40X in einer vordefinierten Zeitspanne erreicht und zugleich den Temperaturgrenzwert von -40 nicht überschreitet. Die besagte, vordefinierte Zeitspanne liegt bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 15 s bis 30 s und beträgt insbesondere 25 s. These fixed temperature curves for the respective initial temperature are preferably designed such that the gaseous medium or the hydrogen reaches the desired temperature between -33 and -40X in a predefined period of time and at the same time does not exceed the temperature limit of -40. The said predefined period of time is preferably in a range of 15 s to 30 s and in particular 25 s.
Hinsichtlich des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens soll erwähnt werden, dass die With regard to the method according to the invention should be mentioned that the
Temperatur des Mediums direkt geregelt werden kann, so dass sie der für die jeweilige Anfangstemperatur vorgegebenen Temperaturkurve folgt (z.B. mittels einer Feedback- Regelung). Weiterhin kann die Temperaturkurve einfach bestimmen bzw. festlegen, zu welchem Zeitpunkt eine gewisse Menge kaltes Medium mit einer gewissen Menge warmen Medium zusammengemischt wird und in den Speicherbehälter geleitet wird. Hierbei findet keine Feedback-Regelung statt, sondern das Einstellen der Temperatur des Mediums nach einem durch die Temperaturkurve fest vorgegebenen Ablauf. So kann die Temperaturkurve z.B. die Öffnungsverhältnisse von entsprechenden Ventilen zum Mischen des Mediums festlegen. So ist in einer Variante der Erfindung bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass das Einstellen der Temperatur des Mediums auf die gewünschte Temperatur durch vorprogrammiertes anteiliges Mischen von kalten Anteilen und warmen Anteilen des Mediums erfolgt, so dass der zeitliche Temperaturverlauf des Mediums der vorprogrammierten Temperature of the medium can be controlled directly so that it follows the predetermined temperature curve for the respective initial temperature (for example by means of a feedback control). Furthermore, the temperature curve can easily determine or determine at which time a certain amount of cold medium is mixed with a certain amount of warm medium and is passed into the storage container. Here, no feedback control takes place, but the setting of the temperature of the medium after a fixed by the temperature curve sequence. Thus, the temperature curve can be e.g. set the opening ratios of corresponding valves for mixing the medium. Thus, in a variant of the invention, it is preferably provided that the setting of the temperature of the medium to the desired temperature by pre-programmed proportionate mixing of cold portions and warm portions of the medium takes place, so that the temporal temperature profile of the medium of the preprogrammed
Temperaturkurve entspricht bzw. dieser folgt. Bei dieser Variante der Erfindung geht also insbesondere die tatsächliche Temperatur unmittelbar vor Eintritt in den Temperature curve corresponds or follows. In this variant of the invention, therefore, in particular the actual temperature goes directly before entering the
Speicherbehälter nicht in die Regelung ein. Storage tank not in the scheme.
In einer alternativen Variante der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass beim Betanken eine momentane Temperatur des Mediums laufend bzw. wiederholt ermittelt wird und das Medium durch anteiliges Mischen von kalten Anteilen und warmen Anteilen des Mediums, auf die gewünschte Temperatur geregelt wird, so dass der zeitliche Verlauf der momentanen Temperatur des Mediums der vorprogrammierten Temperaturkurve entspricht bzw. dieser angenähert wird. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sieht vorzugsweise vor, dass das Medium bzw. den Wasserstoff aus einem Flüssigwasserstoffspeicher zu beziehen, wobei eine In an alternative variant of the invention, it is provided that during refueling a current temperature of the medium is continuously or repeatedly determined and the medium by proportionate mixing of cold portions and warm portions of the Medium, is controlled to the desired temperature, so that the time course of the current temperature of the medium of the pre-programmed temperature curve corresponds to or is approximated. The inventive method preferably provides that to obtain the medium or the hydrogen from a liquid hydrogen storage, wherein a
Flüssigwasserstoff- bzw. Kryopumpe (insbesondere in Form einer Kolbenpumpe) als Druckerhöhungsmittel (Verdichtungsmittel) vorgesehen ist, die bevorzugt auch zur Durchführung des eingangs erwähnten Druck- und Dichtheitstest verwendet wird. D.h., dass der jeweilige Speicherbehälter mittels der besagten Pumpe vor dem eigentlichen Betanken mit Wasserstoff beaufschlagt wird, um den Druck- und Dichtheitstest durchzuführen. Liquid hydrogen or cryopump (in particular in the form of a piston pump) is provided as a pressure increasing means (compression means), which is preferably also used to carry out the above-mentioned pressure and tightness test. That is, the respective storage tank is supplied with hydrogen by means of said pump before the actual refueling to perform the pressure and tightness test.
In einer bevorzugten Variante der Erfindung wird zum anteiligen Mischen von warmen und kalten Anteilen des Mediums zum Erreichen der gewünschten Temperatur das Medium zunächst ein- oder mehrstufig verdichtet (bspw. mit Hilfe der besagten Kryopumpe), wobei die Temperatur des verdichteten Mediums nach der Verdichtung bevorzugt unterhalb der gewünschten Temperatur liegt. Ein Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums wird des Weiteren auf eine Temperatur angewärmt, die vorzugsweise oberhalb der gewünschten Temperatur liegt. Ein weiterer Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums wird nicht angewärmt. Die beiden Teilströme werden nun in einem solchen ggf. sich zeitlich änderndem Verhältnis gemischt, dass die resultierende Temperatur des Mediums der vorgegebenen Abkühlkurve folgt und letztlich der gewünschten Temperatur angenähert wird. Bevorzugt wird der anzuwärmende Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums auf Umgebungstemperatur angewärmt. In a preferred variant of the invention, for proportionate mixing of hot and cold portions of the medium to reach the desired temperature, the medium is first compressed in one or more stages (for example with the aid of said cryopump), the temperature of the compressed medium after compression being preferred is below the desired temperature. A partial flow of the compressed medium is further warmed to a temperature which is preferably above the desired temperature. Another partial flow of the compressed medium is not warmed. The two partial flows are then mixed in such a possibly temporally changing ratio that the resulting temperature of the medium follows the predetermined cooling curve and is ultimately approximated to the desired temperature. Preferably, the partial flow of the compressed medium to be heated is warmed to ambient temperature.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, dass die Anwärmung des anzuwärmenden Teilstromes des verdichteten A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the heating of the partial flow to be heated of the compacted
Mediums mittels eines elektrischen Wärmetauschers, eines Medium by means of an electric heat exchanger, a
Umgebungsluftwärmetauschers und/oder eines Wärmetauschers, der die Wärme aus der Antriebskühlung der für die Verdichtung verwendeten Maschine(n) und/oder externe Wärmezufuhr nutzt, erfolgt. Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sollen mittels der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels anhand der Figur erläutert werden. Ambient air heat exchanger and / or a heat exchanger, which uses the heat from the drive cooling of the machine used for the compression (s) and / or external heat supply takes place. Further features and advantages of the method according to the invention will be explained by means of the following description of an embodiment with reference to the figure.
Es zeigt: It shows:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung des Ablaufs des erfindungsgemäßen Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the sequence of the invention
Verfahrens.  Process.
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch den Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, das bevorzugt bei Tankstellen bzw. Betankungseinrichtungen mit LH2-Speicherung verwendet wird, bei denen LH2-Pumpen (z.B. LH2-Kolbenpumpen) als Figure 1 shows schematically the sequence of the method according to the invention, which is preferably used in refueling stations with LH2 storage in which LH2 pumps (for example LH2 piston pumps) are used
Druckerhöhungsmittel verwendet werden. Pressure booster can be used.
Erfindungsgemäß wird beim Start 101 der Betankung während eines Druck- und Dichtheitstests, der mit Hilfe einer LH2- Kolbenpumpe durchgeführt wird, die According to the invention at start 101 refueling during a pressure and tightness test, which is carried out with the aid of an LH2 piston pump
Anfangstemperatur T0 des Wasserstoffs bzw. Mediums gemessen und gespeichert. Hierdurch kann eine Steuerung erkennen, ob es sich um eine Betankung mit einem warmen Leitungssystem, z.B. nach einem Anlagenstillstand, handelt oder ob bereits unmittelbar davor ein Fahrzeugspeicher befüllt wurde und das System dadurch schon vorgekühlt ist. Initial temperature T 0 of the hydrogen or medium measured and stored. In this way, a controller can detect whether it is a refueling with a warm pipe system, for example, after a plant shutdown, or whether immediately before a vehicle memory has been filled and the system is already pre-cooled.
Anhand der Anfangstemperatur T0 des Wasserstoffs wird eine fest vorgegebene Abkühlkurve K automatisch ausgewählt 102 und der Wasserstoff wird zur Befüllung des Fahrzeugtanks bzw. Speicherbehälters entsprechend der zugeordneten, vorprogrammierten Abkühlkurve K aus kaltem und warmem Wasserstoff Based on the initial temperature T 0 of the hydrogen, a fixed cooling curve K is automatically selected 102 and the hydrogen is used to fill the vehicle tank or storage tank according to the associated, pre-programmed cooling curve K of cold and warm hydrogen
zusammengemischt 103. mixed together 103.
Diese für jede Anfangstemperatur T0 vorgegebenen Abkühlkurven K (auch als These predetermined for each initial temperature T 0 cooling curves K (also called
Temperaturkurven bezeichnet) sind derart ausgeführt, dass der Wasserstoff die erforderliche Temperatur zwischen -33"C und -40 i n einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne t' (z.B. im Bereich von 15 s bis 30 s) erreicht und zugleich den Temperaturgrenzwert von -40 nicht unterschreitet. Dabei existiert für jede am Anfang ermittelte Temperature curves designated) are designed such that the hydrogen reaches the required temperature between -33 "C and -40 in a predetermined period t '(eg in the range of 15 s to 30 s) and at the same time does not fall below the temperature limit of -40 exists for each at the beginning determined
Starttemperatur T0 eine entsprechende Temperaturkurve K zur Abkühlung des Wasserstoffes zu Beginn der Befüllung bzw. zur Sicherstellung der nötigen Start temperature T 0 a corresponding temperature curve K to cool the hydrogen at the beginning of the filling or to ensure the necessary
Wasserstofftemperatur während der Befüllung. Bei einem "warmen" System ist demnach der kryogene Anteil des Wasserstoffes zu Beginn der Befüllung höher und wird bei Erreichen der gewünschten Temperatur reduziert, wobei im Gegenzug der warme Anteil des Wasserstoffs zunimmt. Bei einem schon vorgekühlten System ist der Anteil des warmen Wasserstoffs von Beginn an höher, wobei kryogener Wasserstoff weiterhin für die vorgegebene Kühlung nötig ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann natürlich auch für andere Medien verwendet werden. Hydrogen temperature during filling. In a "warm" system, therefore, the cryogenic fraction of the hydrogen at the beginning of the filling is higher and is reduced when the desired temperature is reached, in turn, the warm portion of the hydrogen increases. In an already pre-cooled system, the proportion of warm hydrogen is higher from the beginning, with cryogenic hydrogen still needed for the given cooling. Of course, the method according to the invention can also be used for other media.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
101 Messen der Anfangstemperatur  101 Measuring the initial temperature
102 Zuordnen einer Abkühlkurve zur  102 Assign a cooling curve to the
Anfangstemperatur  initial temperature
103 Mischen des Wasserstoffes entsprechend der vorprogrammierten Abkühlkurve 103 Mixing of the hydrogen according to the pre-programmed cooling curve
To Anfangstemperatur To start temperature
Tg Gewünschte Temperatur  Tg Desired temperature
K Vorprogrammierte Abkühlkurve f Vordefinierte Zeitspanne  K Pre-programmed cooling curve f Predefined time span

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Verfahren zum Betanken eines Speicherbehälters mit einem unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigem Medium, insbesondere Wasserstoff, bei dem Method for refueling a storage container with a pressurized, gaseous medium, in particular hydrogen, in which
- der Speicherbehälter vor dem Betanken, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Druck- und/oder Dichtheitstests, mit jenem Medium beaufschlagt wird,  - The storage container is charged before refueling, in particular for performing a pressure and / or leak test, with that medium,
- hierbei eine Anfangstemperatur (T0) des Mediums gemessen wird, und - Here, an initial temperature (T 0 ) of the medium is measured, and
- sodann die Temperatur (T) des Mediums beim Betanken einer der jeweiligen Anfangstemperatur (T0) zugeordneten, vordefinierten Temperaturkurve (K) folgend, innerhalb einer vordefinierten Zeitspanne (f) auf eine gewünschte Temperatur (Tg) eingestellt wird. - Then the temperature (T) of the medium during refueling of the respective initial temperature (T 0 ) associated, predefined temperature curve (K) following, within a predefined period (f) to a desired temperature (T g ) is set.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einstellen der Temperatur (T) des Mediums auf die gewünschte Temperatur (Tg) durch ein vordefiniertes anteiliges Mischen von kalten Anteilen und warmen Anteilen des Mediums erfolgt. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment of the temperature (T) of the medium to the desired temperature (T g ) is effected by a predefined proportionate mixing of cold portions and warm portions of the medium.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Betanken die momentane Temperatur (T) des Mediums ermittelt wird und durch anteiliges Mischen von kalten Anteilen und warmen Anteilen des Mediums so geregelt wird, dass deren zeitlicher Verlauf der zugeordneten vordefinierten Temperaturkurve (K) entspricht. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that during refueling, the instantaneous temperature (T) of the medium is determined and regulated by proportionate mixing of cold portions and warm portions of the medium so that their time course of the associated predefined temperature curve (K) corresponds.
Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Anteiligen Mischen von warmen und kalten Anteilen des Mediums das Medium zunächst ein- oder mehrstufig verdichtet wird, wobei die Temperatur des verdichteten Mediums nach der Verdichtung unterhalb der gewünschten Method according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that for the partial mixing of hot and cold portions of the medium, the medium is first compressed one or more stages, wherein the temperature of the compressed medium after densification below the desired
Temperatur (Tg) liegt und ein Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums auf eine Temperature (T g ) is located and a partial flow of the compressed medium to a
Temperatur, die oberhalb der gewünschten Temperatur (Tg) liegt, angewärmt wird, und der angewärmte Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums und ein nicht angewärmter Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums in einem Verhältnis vermischt werden, dass die resultierende Temperatur des Mediums der vordefinierten Temperaturkurve (K) folgt. Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der anzuwärmende Teilstrom des verdichteten Mediums auf Umgebungstemperatur angewärmt wird. Temperature, which is above the desired temperature (T g ) is warmed, and the heated partial flow of the compressed medium and an unheated partial flow of the compressed medium are mixed in a ratio that the resulting temperature of the medium of the predefined temperature curve (K) follows , A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the partial flow of the compressed medium to be heated is warmed to ambient temperature.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die A method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the
Anwärmung des anzuwärmenden Teilstromes des verdichteten Mediums mittels eines elektrischen Wärmetauschers, eines Umgebungsluftwärmetauschers und/oder eines Wärmetauschers, der die Wärme aus einer Antriebskühlung einer für die Verdichtung verwendeten Maschine und/oder externe Wärmezufuhr nutzt, erfolgt. Heating of the heated partial flow of the compressed medium by means of an electric heat exchanger, an ambient air heat exchanger and / or a heat exchanger, which uses the heat from a drive cooling of a machine used for the compression and / or external heat supply takes place.
PCT/EP2013/003178 2012-11-06 2013-10-22 Method for filling a storage container with a pressurized, gaseous medium WO2014072024A1 (en)

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DE102016005220A1 (en) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for filling a high-pressure storage tank

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