WO2014067872A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un composant opto-électronique organique - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un composant opto-électronique organique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014067872A1
WO2014067872A1 PCT/EP2013/072399 EP2013072399W WO2014067872A1 WO 2014067872 A1 WO2014067872 A1 WO 2014067872A1 EP 2013072399 W EP2013072399 W EP 2013072399W WO 2014067872 A1 WO2014067872 A1 WO 2014067872A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
organic light
organic
layer
light
emitting element
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2013/072399
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Popp
Steven Rossbach
Original Assignee
Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh
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Application filed by Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh filed Critical Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh
Publication of WO2014067872A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014067872A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K65/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element and at least one organic radiation-sensitive element, e.g. organic opto-couplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/60—OLEDs integrated with inorganic light-sensitive elements, e.g. with inorganic solar cells or inorganic photodiodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/70—Testing, e.g. accelerated lifetime tests

Definitions

  • the light installation is oversized by the value of the degradation, so that at the end of the defined life of the light source of the necessary
  • Luminous flux can still be provided. Both the usual measures to monitor the functionality of light source as well as the
  • a method for operating an organic optoelectronic component the organic optoelectronic component at least one organic light emitting element and at least one organic light detecting element, wherein the at least one organic light detecting
  • Element detects a part of the at least one organic light emitting element emitted light.
  • the light detected by the at least one organic light detecting element is light conducted internally in the organic optoelectronic component from the organic light emitting element to the organic light detecting element.
  • the at least one organic light-emitting element has an organic functional layer stack with at least one organic light-emitting layer between two electrodes.
  • this is at least one organic light emissive element formed as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which can emit visible light during operation by at least one of the electrodes.
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • at least one of the electrodes is transparent.
  • transparent refers to a layer which is permeable to visible light, whereby the transparent layer may be transparent or at least partially light-scattering and / or partially absorbing light, so that a layer designated as transparent, for example, also diffuse or milky
  • emitting element is as low as possible.
  • graphene graphene
  • transparent metal or metallic network structures transparent metal or metallic network structures
  • organic functional layer stack is located of the organic light-emitting element, can be reflective
  • both electrodes may be transparent. In this case, that can
  • organic light-emitting element may be formed in particular as a transparent OLED.
  • the at least one organic light detecting element has at least one organic light detecting layer on.
  • the at least one organic light detecting element may be configured to incorporate light incident on the at least one organic light detecting layer
  • electrically measurable signal such as a voltage, a current or an electrical resistance to convert.
  • the organic optoelectronic component has a common substrate for the at least one organic light-emitting element and the at least one organic light-detecting element, which are arranged in particular on the common substrate in laterally adjacent surface regions.
  • the organic light-emitting element and the organic light-detecting element are further arranged in a same plane by the common arrangement on the same substrate in laterally adjacent surface areas, wherein the organic light-emitting element and the organic light detecting element each directly adjacent to the substrate.
  • the common substrate may in particular be the only one
  • Substrate of the organic optoelectronic device be.
  • the functional layer stacks and the electrodes of the organic light-emitting and light-detecting elements of the organic optoelectronic component are applied successively or simultaneously, in particular on the common substrate, so that the common substrate is the substrate which is the substrate
  • the organic light-emitting and light-detecting elements are not formed on their own substrates and then placed on the common substrate, but made on the common substrate.
  • no further substrate is arranged between the common substrate and the organic functional layers of the organic light-emitting and light-detecting elements.
  • lateral here and in the following denotes a direction parallel to the main extension plane of the common substrate, so that a lateral direction is, for example, perpendicular to the stacking direction of the electrodes and the
  • directed organic functional layer stack of at least one organic light-emitting element of at least one organic light-emitting element.
  • Shadow the detecting layer from ambient light To effectively shadow the at least one organic light detecting layer of the at least one organic light detecting element from ambient light
  • detecting layer is preferably arranged in the stacking direction between the two non-transparent layers, so that in the stacking direction, a non-transparent layer below and a non-transparent layer over the at least one
  • organic light detecting layer is arranged.
  • ambient light can also be a light which has spectral components which correspond to the absorption spectrum of the at least one organic light-detecting layer.
  • the non-transparent layers are in particular arranged such that they shade the at least one organic light detecting layer from at least that portion of the ambient light which corresponds to the absorption spectrum of the at least one organic light detecting layer and further to the absorption spectrum of the at least one
  • Ambient light is shaded, it is in particular achieved that the at least one organic light detecting layer reaching proportion of ambient light on the at least one light detecting element from the outside
  • the shading preferably effects a reduction of greater than or equal to 90%, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 99% or even greater than or equal to 99.9% of the ambient light irradiated from outside onto the at least one organic light detecting element. In other words, this means that less than 10% and preferably less than 1% of the ambient light is radiated onto the at least one organic light-detecting layer.
  • the non-transparent layers may also be completely impermeable to ambient light and
  • the spectral portion of the ambient light which corresponds to the absorption spectrum of the at least one organic light detecting element.
  • the emitting element and the at least one organic light detecting element disposed on the same side of the common substrate.
  • the at least one organic light-detecting element can be directly adjacent to the at least one organic light
  • a method for operating the organic optoelectronic component light, which is emitted from the at least one organic light emitting element, are detected.
  • the light detected by the at least one organic light detecting element corresponds to a part of the total of the organic light emitting element
  • the organic optoelectronic component has an electronic component, in particular a current and / or voltage measuring device, which measures the light detected by the at least one organic light detecting element, which light internally in the
  • Opto-electronic device from at least one light-emitting element to at least one light
  • the fact that the electronic component measures the light detected by the at least one organic light detecting element means, in particular, that the electronic component measures the electronically measurable signal of the at least one organic light detecting element.
  • the current and / or voltage measuring device can generate with the at least one organic light detecting element, a direct sensor signal, for example, in the context of a feedback circuit for active control of the brightness of the organic optoelectronic device or at least one organic light emitting element
  • the respective emitted light intensity and thus the respective brightness of this element, which is detected by a respective at least one organic light can be regulated individually.
  • the respectively emitted light intensity can also be regulated to a same predetermined value, so that all organic optoelectronic components, for example regardless of the respective age state and / or the
  • organic light detecting element a failure and / or detects a degradation of the at least one organic light-emitting element.
  • the electronic component so for example a power and / or
  • the current and / or voltage measuring device can be formed by an electronic component which is designed as a hybrid or monolithic electronic circuit, which can be integrated, for example, in the common substrate or in the form of additional functional
  • the common substrate for this purpose at least partially an integrated circuit based on a
  • Semiconductor material such as silicon, and / or have printed electronics.
  • the electronic component so for example, the current and / or voltage measuring device, is designed as an external electronic component, via suitable electrical connections such as interconnects and / or wire connections with the organic
  • the electronic component has a current and / or voltage source for operating the at least one organic light-emitting element.
  • the current and / or voltage measuring device and the current and / or voltage source can be designed as separate electronic components. Alternatively, it is also possible to use these in an electronic component
  • the electronic component is embodied as a controllable current and / or voltage source, which detects the light detected by the at least one organic light which internally in the optoelectronic component from the at least one light-emitting element to the at least one light
  • controllable current and / or voltage source may comprise a current and / or voltage measuring device and a current and / or voltage source, the latter being regulated by the sensor signal of the at least one organic light detecting element measured by the current and / or voltage measuring device ,
  • the controllable current and / or voltage source may comprise a current and / or voltage measuring device and a current and / or voltage source, the latter being regulated by the sensor signal of the at least one organic light detecting element measured by the current and / or voltage measuring device ,
  • emissive element emitted light intensity by readjustment of an operating voltage and / or a
  • Operating current of the organic light-emitting element can be controlled.
  • this can be a
  • the at least one organic light-emitting element is adapted, in operation, to light on a radiation side of the organic
  • Radiating side which designates that side or those sides on which or on which the organic
  • the common substrate is formed by the side on which viewed from the at least one organic light-emitting layer of the at least one organic light-emitting element.
  • the common substrate is preferably transparent, the at least one organic light-emitting element as well as the organic
  • Optoelectronic device may be referred to as a so-called bottom emitter. Furthermore, it is also possible for a radiation side, viewed from the at least one organic light-emitting layer, to rest on the side of the organic one opposite the common substrate
  • Optoelectronic component is arranged.
  • the at least one organic light emitting element and also the organic optoelectronic component can be designed as a so-called top emitter. If the organic optoelectronic component is simultaneously formed as a bottom and a top emitter, it may preferably be a transparent organic optoelectronic component having two
  • the at least one organic light detecting element is organic
  • the photodiode may have an organic functional layer stack between two electrodes, wherein the organic functional layer stack as organic light detecting layer of the organic light detecting element at least one pn junction for the generation of
  • the organic photodiode may have the same structure as the at least one organic light emitting element with respect to the electrodes and the organic functional layer stack
  • the organic photodiode may have other materials and / or other layer structures with respect to the electrodes and / or the organic functional layer stack compared to the organic light emitting element, which may require additional manufacturing effort, but also sensitivity the at least one organic light detecting element can be specifically adapted.
  • the at least one organic light detecting element is organic
  • Photoconductor formed and usable with an organic photoconductive material as an organic light-detecting layer, which upon irradiation of light electric
  • Organic photoconductive materials may for example be formed in one layer on an electrically conductive layer, for example an electrode. Furthermore, organic photoconductive materials
  • At least two layers with at least one organic charge carrier generating layer and an organic charge carrier transporting layer are provided.
  • at least two layers with at least one organic charge carrier generating layer and an organic charge carrier transporting layer are provided.
  • an organic light detecting element configured as an organic photoconductor may have the same structure as the at least one organic light emitting element.
  • organic light detecting element this can also be constructed simultaneously as a photoconductor and photodiode.
  • Such an organic light detecting element may be provided with an electrical bias as a photodiode and without
  • electrical bias can be used as a photoconductor. Furthermore, depending on the materials used and structure and the electrical resistance of at least one
  • Element can be designed and used as an organic photoresistor.
  • Element and the at least one organic light-emitting element have an identical structure. Furthermore, it may also be possible that the organic light detecting element only n- or p-conductive layers or a
  • the at least one organic light emitting element and the at least one organic light detecting element are preferably formed electrically separated from each other with respect to their respective electrodes and organic functional layers on the substrate.
  • the at least one organic light detecting element covers a surface area on the common substrate that is spatially separate from the surface area covered by the at least one organic light emitting element on the common substrate.
  • it may, depending on the electrical control of the organic light
  • the at least one organic light-detecting element is smaller than the at least one organic light-emitting element with respect to its area occupation on the common substrate
  • the at least one organic light detecting element on the common substrate may cover an area that is less than or equal to ten percent, or less than or equal to five percent, or less than or equal to one percent of the area of the at least one organic light emitting element the common substrate is covered.
  • the at least one organic light detecting element optionally be covered with a plurality of organic light emitting elements, while the at least one organic light detecting element or
  • the component has a luminous area which is in the Substantially equal to the total area of the common substrate.
  • the organic optoelectronic component is set up in such a way that a part of the device in operation
  • Such an internal light conduction from the at least one organic light-emitting element to the at least one organic light-detecting element can take place, for example, by waveguide effects and / or by scattering effects within the organic optoelectronic component.
  • An internal light pipe, for example, can also be influenced by an internal scattering layer.
  • the common substrate can form a light guide, the light from the at least one organic light emitting element internally in the organic
  • Opto-electronic device for at least one organic light detecting element passes.
  • the common substrate is particularly preferably transparent in this case
  • the common substrate in the form of a glass plate or glass layer or in the form of a
  • Plastic plate, plastic layer or plastic film or in the form of a glass-plastic laminate may be formed with at least one glass layer and at least one plastic layer.
  • the substrate can be rigid or flexible and in the latter case in particular have or be a transparent film.
  • Element between the at least one organic light detecting layer and the common substrate to an electrode it is also transparent in the case of a light pipe in the substrate through or has at least one light-transmissive region.
  • the electrode for example, as
  • Ring contact formed or formed by a transparent material.
  • any shape of an electrode is here and hereinafter referred to, which is one of
  • an example U-shaped electrode may fall under the term ring contact.
  • organic optoelectronic component serve as a light guide between the organic light emitting element and the organic light detecting element.
  • Insulator layers have waveguide properties, especially in the visible wavelength range and form light guides.
  • optoelectronic component as an internal light guide is used, is particularly preferably transparent.
  • light pipe effects can also be caused by suitable refractive index differences between individual layers or elements of the organic optoelectronic component.
  • Decoupling layers between the substrate and the substrate-facing electrode influence the internal light pipe.
  • the organic optoelectronic component is set up such that light generated in operation in the at least one light-emitting layer of the at least one organic light-emitting element internally in the organic optoelectronic component directly to the at least one organic light detecting layer of the at least one organic light is irradiated detecting element. That can
  • Layers or elements are present which shade the at least one organic light detecting layer completely from the organic light emitting layer.
  • At least one of the two non-transparent layers is formed by a non-transparent covering layer.
  • the non-transparent Cover layer may, for example, a non-transparent plastic or a non-transparent metal,
  • one of the two non-transparent layers can be formed by a non-transparent covering layer, which is arranged on one side of the common substrate facing away from the at least one organic light-detecting layer.
  • the non-transparent covering layer may cover the area on which the at least one organic light detecting element is located on the opposite side of the substrate.
  • non-transparent covering layer between the substrate and the at least one organic light-detecting layer as non-transparent layer.
  • one of the two non-transparent layers is formed by the common substrate.
  • the common substrate can have a non-transparent material, for example a non-transparent plastic and / or a non-transparent metal, at least in the region of the at least one organic light-detecting element. If the at least one organic light-emitting element is designed as a so-called top emitter and emits light in the direction away from the substrate, the entire common substrate can also be made non-transparent.
  • the common substrate in regions or over the entire surface of a metal layer, for example a
  • Steel foil include or be.
  • Metal layer can also be used as a common electrode serve organic elements.
  • the substrate may be rigid or flexible, in the latter case the substrate may for example comprise or be made of a steel foil.
  • graphite or graphene are also conceivable.
  • At least one of the non-transparent layers is formed by an electrode of the at least one organic light detecting element.
  • a formed as a non-transparent layer ⁇ electrode may be disposed on the side remote from the common substrate side of at least one organic light-detecting layer.
  • the at least one light-detecting element may also have, between the at least one organic light-detecting layer and the common substrate, an electrode which is formed as a non-transparent layer.
  • An electrode formed as a non-transparent layer may in particular comprise a non-transparent metal, that is to say a metal having a sufficient thickness. All the usual metals and metal compounds that can be used for electrodes, such as those described below, are suitable for this purpose, provided that they form a nontransparent layer. Furthermore, graphite is also conceivable.
  • one of the two non-transparent layers is formed by at least part of an encapsulation and / or a cover which, viewed from the common substrate, is arranged above the at least one organic light-detecting layer of the at least one light-detecting element.
  • an encapsulation and / or a cover can be provided, as described below, having at least one layer made of a non-transparent material
  • the at least one organic light detecting element is formed at least in the region of the at least one organic light detecting element. Furthermore, it may also be possible that on the side facing away from the at least one organic light detecting layer
  • a non-transparent cover layer is applied as described above, which forms one of the two non-transparent layers.
  • the organic optoelectronic component has a plurality of organic light detecting elements.
  • a plurality of organic light detecting elements is arranged on the common substrate.
  • the plurality of organic light detecting elements and the at least one organic light emitting element are disposed on the same side of the common substrate.
  • Elements preferably have at least one organic light-detecting layer, which is arranged between two non-transparent layers, which shade the respective at least one organic light-detecting layer from ambient light.
  • the respective non-transparent layers may be the same or different for the individual organic light detecting elements.
  • a plurality of organic light-emitting elements is arranged on the common substrate.
  • the plurality of organic light emitting elements and the at least one organic light detecting element or also a plurality of organic light detecting elements are all arranged on the same side of the common substrate.
  • the organic light-emitting elements of the plurality of organic light-emitting elements may
  • the individual organic light-emitting elements for example, can be switched on or off independently.
  • a plurality of the individual organic light-emitting elements for example, can be switched on or off independently.
  • a plurality of the individual organic light-emitting elements for example, can be switched on or off independently.
  • organic light emitting elements to be associated with an organic light detecting element.
  • Elements can be turned on one after the other and thus operated one after the other, wherein in each case radiated light is detected by the element detecting an organic light.
  • a formed as a signal display organic optoelectronic component a plurality of individual luminous surfaces, formed by the plurality of organic light
  • emitting elements on the common substrate in a kind of self-test are turned on one after the other, so as to the function of all individual illuminated areas by a
  • each of at least two of the plurality of organic light emitting elements may each be assigned at least one organic light detecting element with respect to the controller. As a result, it may be possible that by the totality of the organic light
  • emitting surface formed of the organic optoelectronic component element is divided into functional areas formed by the organic light-emitting elements, which can be operated independently by the method described herein.
  • That an organic light-detecting element is associated with an organic light-emitting element means, in particular, that the light-detecting element and the light-emitting element with respect to
  • the organic light-detecting element is the closest to the associated organic light-emitting element in comparison to other organic light-emitting elements.
  • the organic optoelectronic component has an encapsulation on the at least one organic light-emitting element and / or on the at least one organic light
  • the encapsulation can be any suitable material.
  • the encapsulation can be any suitable material.
  • the at least one or more thin films may be formed by a so-called thin-film encapsulation, the at least one or more thin
  • Atomic layer deposition process on the organic light emitting element and / or on the organic light detecting element is applied.
  • the encapsulation may, for example, also have a glass cover which overlies at least one glass cover
  • Cover with a depression over the organic elements which is applied by means of gluing, soldering, glass soldering, bonding or other suitable method.
  • organic optoelectronic component described here can be compared to conventional organic
  • Element can, for example, an automated feedback of a failure of the light source, so the at least one of the organic light-emitting element
  • organic light-emitting element for example, in surveillance systems of
  • Systems with at least two organic optoelectronic components can be switched directly to a secondary system with a corresponding detection in a first of the organic optoelectronic component.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an organic compound
  • Figures 2A to 2C are schematic representations of a
  • organic optoelectronic device the lighting conditions in an organic
  • Optoelectronic component and method for operating the organic optoelectronic component according to further embodiments,
  • FIGS 3 to 8B are schematic representations of organic optoelectronic devices according to further embodiments.
  • Figures 9A and 12K are schematic representations of organic optoelectronic devices according to further embodiments.
  • identical, identical or identically acting elements can each be provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the illustrated elements and their proportions with each other are not to be regarded as true to scale, but individual elements, such as layers, components, components and areas, for better presentation and / or better understanding may be exaggerated.
  • Figure 1 according to one embodiment of the
  • organic light emitting element 100 which is designed as an organic light emitting diode (OLED).
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • OLED 100 has a substrate 101, on which an organic functional layer stack 103 with at least one organic light-emitting layer is arranged between electrodes 102 and 104. At least one of the electrodes 102, 104 is transparent, so that light generated in the organic functional layer stack 103 during operation of the OLED 100 can be radiated through the at least one transparent electrode.
  • the substrate 101 is made transparent, for example in the form of a
  • Substrate 101 for example, a transparent
  • the substrate 101 may be rigid or flexible.
  • the electrode 102 applied to the substrate 101 is also transparent and has, for example a transparent conductive oxide.
  • Transparent conductive oxides TCO
  • metal oxides such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide,
  • binary metal oxygen onnectivity such as ZnO, Sn0 2 or ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 are genetic compounds, such as Zn 2 Sn0 4, CdSn03, ZnSn03, Mgln 2 0 4, Galn03, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 5 or 4, Sn30i 2 ternary metal-oxygen or mixtures of different transparent conductive oxides to the group of TCOs.
  • TCOs do not necessarily correspond to one
  • the transparent electrode 102 may comprise a transparent metal, for example, one of the following metals in combination with the electrode 104, with a sufficiently small thickness.
  • metallic net structures and / or graphene are also possible as transparent electrode materials.
  • the further electrode 104 on the organic functional layer stack 103 is reflective in the exemplary embodiment shown and has a metal which may be selected from aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium and lithium and compounds, combinations and alloys therewith. In particular, the
  • Electrode 104 Ag, Al or alloys or layer stacks with these, for example, Ag / Mg, Ag / Ca, Mg / Al or Mo / Al / Mo or Cr / Al / Cr.
  • the electrode 104 may also have an above-mentioned TCO material or a layer stack with at least one TCO and at least one metal.
  • graphite or graphene are also conceivable.
  • the lower electrode 102 is formed in the embodiment shown as an anode, while the upper electrode 104 is formed as a cathode. With appropriate choice of material but also in terms of polarity reversed construction is possible.
  • the electrodes 102, 104 are preferably formed over a large area and coherently, so that the organic light-emitting element 100 as a luminous source, in particular as a surface light source, is formed.
  • Large area may mean that the organic light emitting element 100 has an area greater than or equal to a few
  • At least one of the electrodes 102, 104 of the organic light-emitting element 100, between which the organic functional layer stack 103 is located, is structured, whereby by means of the organic light-emitting element 100 a spatially and / or temporally structured and / or changeable
  • Luminous impression for example, for structured lighting or for a display device can be made possible.
  • electrical contacting of the electrodes 102 and 104 as shown in Figure 1, also
  • Electrode fittings 105 may be provided which extend under the encapsulation 107 described below from the electrodes 102, 104 to the outside.
  • the electrode terminals 105 may be formed transparent or non-transparent depending on the direction of emission of the OLED 100 and, for example, have or be a TCO and / or a metal.
  • the electrode terminals 105 may be formed by a metal layer or a metal layer stack, for example Mo / Al / Mo, Cr / Al / Cr or Al.
  • the organic functional layer stack 103 may be formed transparent or non-transparent depending on the direction of emission of the OLED 100 and, for example, have or be a TCO and / or a metal.
  • the electrode terminals 105 may be formed by a metal layer or a metal layer stack, for example Mo / Al / Mo, Cr / Al / Cr or Al.
  • the organic functional layer stack 103 may be formed transparent or non-transparent depending on the direction of emission of the OLED 100 and, for example, have or be a TCO and / or a metal.
  • the electrode terminals 105 may be formed by a metal layer or a metal layer stack, for
  • emitting layer further organic layers, for example one or more selected from a
  • organic functional layer stack 103 may
  • the organic functional layer stack 103 may have a functional layer designed as a hole transport layer for effective hole injection into the organic layer
  • a functional layer designed as a hole transport layer for effective hole injection into the organic layer
  • materials for a hole transport layer tertiary amines, carbazole derivatives, conductive polyaniline or polyethylenedioxythiophene, for example, may prove to be advantageous as materials for the light
  • emitting layer are suitable electroluminescent
  • Isolator 106 may be present, for example, with or made of polyimide, for example, the electrodes 102, 104 can electrically isolate against each other. Depending on
  • Embodiment of the individual layers of the OLED 100 also need not necessarily be insulator layers 106 and may not be present, for example with corresponding mask processes for applying the layers.
  • an encapsulation 107 for protecting the organic functional layer stack 103 and the electrodes 102, 104 is arranged above the organic functional layer stack 103 and the electrodes 102, 104.
  • the encapsulation 107 is particularly preferred as Dünnfilmverkapselung
  • Encapsulation is understood in the present case to mean a device which is capable of forming a barrier to atmospheric substances, in particular to moisture and oxygen and / or to other harmful substances such as corrosive gases, for example hydrogen sulphide.
  • the thin-film encapsulation is designed so that it can be penetrated by atmospheric substances at most to very small proportions. This barrier effect is essentially carried out by thin film encapsulation
  • Encapsulation typically has a thickness of less than or equal to several 100 nm.
  • the thin-film encapsulation may comprise or consist of thin layers suitable for the
  • the thin layers for example, by means of a
  • ALD Atomic layer deposition
  • MLD molecular layer deposition
  • alumina for example, alumina, zinc oxide, zirconia,
  • Titanium oxide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, tantalum oxide preferably has a layer sequence or a
  • Nanolaminate with a plurality of thin layers each having a thickness between one atomic layer and several 100 nm.
  • barrier layers at least one or a plurality of further layers, ie in particular barrier layers and / or
  • PECVD PECVD
  • Materials for this may be the aforementioned materials as well as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride,
  • layers may each have a thickness between 1 nm and 5 ym, and preferably between 1 nm and 400 nm, with the limits included.
  • the described materials and application methods can be applied or carried out in any order and / or repeatedly.
  • ALD layers and CVD or PECVD layers may be combined.
  • the encapsulation 107 can also have a glass cover which, for example, can be in the form of a glass substrate having a cavity on the substrate 101 by means of an adhesive layer
  • Moisture absorbing material such as zeolite
  • Adhesive layer for attaching the lid to the substrate itself may be absorbent for damaging substances and / or it may be mixed with adhesive layer structures
  • Encapsulation 107 as shown in Figure 1, a pasted by means of an adhesive layer 108 cover 109th
  • the cover 109 which may also be referred to as a "superstrate” with respect to its arrangement in comparison to the substrate 101, can be characterized by a
  • Glass layer or glass plate or a plastic, a metal, graphite or a combination or a laminate of said materials may be formed and in particular
  • a protective lacquer for example in the form of a spray lacquer, may also be applied to the encapsulation 107.
  • the OLED 100 is so-called due to the transparent substrate 101 and the transparent lower electrode 102
  • Bottom emitter executed and emits light in operation through the transparent electrode 102 and the transparent substrate 101 from.
  • Layer stack 103 remote from the side of the substrate 101 may be arranged an optical Auskoppeltik 110, the
  • a scattering layer with scattering particles in a transparent matrix and / or with a light-scattering surface structure. It can also be one
  • Decoupling layer for example, between the substrate 101 and the lower, arranged on the substrate 101 electrode 102 or between other functional layers may be arranged in the form of an internal Auskoppel für.
  • the upper electrode 104 arranged facing away from the substrate 101 may also be transparent, in order to radiate the light generated in operation in the organic functional layer stack 103 through the upper electrode 104 in a direction away from the substrate 101.
  • the OLED 100 is designed as a so-called top emitter. The between the substrate 101 and the organic functional
  • Layer stack 103 disposed lower electrode 102 may, provided no light emission through the substrate 101
  • the substrate 101 may be a non-transparent material, such as a non-transparent glass non-transparent plastic, a metal or combinations thereof.
  • the encapsulation 107 and, if present, also the adhesive layer 108 and the cover 109 are transparent in the top emitter configuration.
  • a decoupling layer can be arranged above the upper electrode 104, for example on the cover 109 or between the cover 109 and the encapsulation 107.
  • the OLED 100 can also be used simultaneously as a bottom emitter and as a top emitter and thus preferably as
  • the organic light-emitting element 100 for example with regard to the structure, the layer composition and the materials of the organic functional layer stack, the
  • the features shown in Figure 1 of the basic structure of the organic light emissive element 100 is not meant to be limiting for the following embodiments.
  • FIG. 2A shows an organic optoelectronic component according to an exemplary embodiment, which has an organic light-detecting element 200 in addition to an organic light-emitting element 100.
  • the organic light detecting element 200 is used together with the
  • Substrate for the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 forms.
  • the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 are disposed on the same side of the common substrate 101 in laterally adjacent surface areas.
  • the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 are thereby deposited in a same plane and in direct contact with the substrate 101 thereon.
  • the organic light detecting element 200 is an organic photodiode
  • Detecting element 200 has an organic
  • Layer stack 203 at least one organic light
  • the organic light detecting element 200 in the embodiment shown with respect to the electrodes 202, 204 and the organic functional
  • Layer stack 203 has the same structure as the organic light emitting element 100 with respect to the electrodes 102, 104 and the organic functional layer stack 103, and may be inversely connected to the organic light emitting element 100, that is, with opposite electrical polarity.
  • the production of the organic optoelectronic component shown can cause no or only slight additional costs in comparison with an exclusively light-emitting component.
  • the at least one organic light detecting layer of the organic light detecting element 200 is further arranged between two non-transparent layers 211.
  • One of the two non-transparent layers 211 which is disposed above the organic functional layer stack 203 as seen from the common substrate 101, is formed by the upper electrode 204 comprising a non-transparent material, for example, one above in connection with the electrodes 102 , 104 described metal such as aluminum, silver and / or magnesium.
  • the other of the two non-transparent layers 211 is formed by a non-transparent cover layer 201, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is on the side of the common side facing away from the organic functional layer stack 203
  • Substrate 101 is arranged and a non-transparent Metal and / or a non-transparent plastic
  • non-transparent layers 211 are, as explained in more detail in connection with Figure 2B, to
  • the at least one organic light detecting layer of the organic light is provided and arranged, the at least one organic light detecting layer of the organic light
  • Shield detector 200 from ambient light.
  • the organic optoelectronic component furthermore has an encapsulation 107, which is formed as a thin-film encapsulation and forms a common encapsulation for the organic light-emitting element 100 and the organic light-detecting element 200.
  • the encapsulation 107 extends over a large area and
  • organic light detecting element 200 On the common encapsulation 107, a common cover 109 is fixed by means of an adhesive layer 108. Furthermore, electrode terminals 205 are provided, which serve for the electrical contacting of the electrodes 202, 204 and which may be formed like the electrode terminal pieces 105 of the organic light-emitting element 100. The electrode connection pieces 105, 205 extend from the elements 100, 200 out of the encapsulation 107, so that the elements 100, 200 can be contacted from the outside.
  • an electrical insulator layer 112 which is covered by the common encapsulation 107, is arranged directly on the substrate 101.
  • the electrical insulator layer 112 which may be, for example, polyimide or another electrically insulating material or can be made of it, serves the electrical
  • Substrate 101 can be arranged without causing electrical crosstalk between the elements 100, 200.
  • Figure 2B are for the organic optoelectronic
  • Component of Figure 2A indicates the lighting conditions during operation.
  • FIG. 2B as well as in the following figures, the reference signs of the individual layers and parts of the organic optoelectronic component shown in each case are, for the sake of clarity, mainly only with regard to differences from those described so far
  • the organic light emitting element 100 is in
  • Substrate side of the organic optoelectronic component thus forms the emission side.
  • organic light-emitting element 100 generated due to scattering and waveguiding effects internally in the organic optoelectronic component to the organic light detecting element 200, as indicated by the reference numeral 2. It can also vary depending on Alternatively or additionally, formation of the electrodes, insulator layers and other layers and elements may also be possible such that light in other layers is conducted internally from the organic light-emitting element 100 to the organic light-detecting element 200,
  • organic light-emitting element 100 as the top emitter, the proportion of internally from the organic light
  • Detecting element 200 led light 2 can be set specifically.
  • the organic light-detecting element 200 has an electrode 202 between the at least one organic light-detecting layer and the common substrate 101, this is likewise transparent in the case of a light line in the substrate 101 or has at least one light-permeable region.
  • the electrode 202 is formed, for example, as a ring contact.
  • ambient light 3, 4 can also be applied to the organic optoelectronic component
  • the ambient light may vary depending on
  • Ambient light 3, 4 may be, for example, light from other natural or artificial light sources, or also light 1 of the organic optoelectronic component, which may be influenced externally by the external organic light
  • the non ⁇ transparent layers 211 may include at least 90% and particularly preferably at least 99% or even greater than or equal to 99.9% impermeable to that part of the ambient light which corresponds to the absorption spectrum of the at least one
  • Cover layer 201 may be used as the non-transparent layer 211 on the substrate side, for example, a non-transparent electrode 202 or a substrate 101, which is non-transparent in the region of the organic light detecting element 200. If the organic light-emitting element 100 is designed as a top emitter, the entire common substrate 101 can also be made non-transparent.
  • the substrate 101 can be formed for example by a metal foil or have a metal foil. The internal light conduction of the light 2 then takes place in this case by layers other than the substrate 101,
  • Electrode 204 as the second non-transparent layer an additional non-transparent cover layer on the cover layer 109, on the encapsulation 107 or between the electrode 204 and the encapsulation 107 may be provided.
  • Cover 109 may be formed as a non-transparent layer 211 at least in the region of the organic light detecting element 200.
  • FIG. 2C exemplary embodiments of methods for operating the organic optoelectronic component according to FIGS. 2A and 2B are described.
  • the organic optoelectronic component has for this purpose
  • a current and / or voltage measuring device 301 is provided, which detects the at least one organic light detecting element 200th
  • a current and / or voltage source 302 is provided, by means of which the organic light emitting element 100 is operated.
  • the electronic components 301, 302 can, as shown in Figure 2C, as external electronic components
  • Electronic component so for example, the current and / or voltage measuring device 301, at least partially integrate into the organic optoelectronic device, for example by integration in the common substrate or by arrangement on the common substrate.
  • an electronic component as a monolithic electronic circuit, for example in Substrate or be provided in additional functional layers on the substrate.
  • the emissive element 100 of total emitted light 1, 2 and thus also measured their change by detecting the internally conducted light 2.
  • the current and / or voltage measuring device 301 can be
  • a direct sensor signal is generated which is used for an active regulation of the brightness of the organic optoelectronic component and in particular of the organic light emitting element 100.
  • the current and / or voltage source 302 as a function of the sensor signal of the current and / or
  • Voltage measuring device 301 are controlled.
  • the electronic components 301, 302 may also form a common component in the form of a controllable current and / or voltage source.
  • Component can also be controlled individually in a plurality of organic optoelectronic components, the respective brightness of this detected by a respective organic light element 200.
  • the respective emitted light intensity can be regulated to a same predetermined value, so that all organic optoelectronic components
  • the organic light detecting element 200 Furthermore, by means of the organic light detecting element 200, a failure and / or a degradation of the at least one organic light emitting element 100 can be detected.
  • the organic optoelectronic compound for example, the organic optoelectronic compound
  • Component be designed as a front or rear headlights or as a turn signal of a motor vehicle.
  • the organic optoelectronic component can be designed as a signal or position light of a motor vehicle or of an immobile device.
  • the organic optoelectronic component can be designed as street lighting, which can output a failure message by the method described here, so that a direct replacement of the luminous means without direct visual control is possible.
  • Home lighting trained can be issued by the method described here in home control systems a direct message of a failure, by a
  • Optoelectronic component is designed as a signal system, for example in one of the areas rail, road, airport, can by the method described here a direct notification of failures to a control center
  • this can be given the opportunity to switch to a backup system.
  • a failure identification can be at a defective
  • organic light-emitting element 100 for example, due to defective leads, defective layers and / or a defective current and / or voltage source, in a designed as a photodiode organic light detecting element 200 are made possible by a photo voltage that is greater than zero and the appropriate non ⁇ transparent layers and thus at a suitable
  • both elements 100, 200 are necessary for complete functionality and allow a clear identification of the failure of one of the elements 100, 200.
  • At least two are organic light
  • detecting elements are present in the organic optoelectronic component, which detect the light of the same organic light-emitting element, such as in connection with embodiments of Figures 9A to
  • Optoelectronic device can be achieved.
  • variations and modifications of the organic optoelectronic component according to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 2A to 2C are shown, which, inter alia, have variation possibilities in construction and for light detection.
  • the type of organic light detecting element may be varied in terms of structure and operation and / or electrical wiring, the number of organic light detecting elements, the position of one or more organic light detecting elements with respect to the luminous surface of the organic Light emitting element, the detection surface of the organic light detecting element, for example, with respect to an adaptation to the organic light emitting element in geometry, stack and / or wiring, the distance between the organic light detecting element and the organic light emitting element, the arrangement and Number of one or more outcoupling layers and / or the waveguide properties in the substrate or the rest
  • FIG. 3 shows an organic optoelectronic component which, in comparison to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 2A and 2B, emits between the organic light
  • Insulator layer 112 has.
  • the common encapsulation ranges in this embodiment between the elements 100, 200 to the common substrate. This can
  • Detecting element 200 are passed.
  • FIG. 4A shows an exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component which, by way of example only, has no common encapsulation with a common encapsulation in comparison with the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 2A and 2B
  • the organic light-emitting element 100 has a first encapsulation 107, while the organic light-detecting element 200 has a second encapsulation 208, which differs from the first one
  • Encapsulation 107 is applied separately, so that the
  • organic light emitting element 100 and organic light detecting element 200 are independently encapsulated. Between the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200, as shown in FIG.
  • Insulator layer 112 may be provided by none of
  • Encapsulations 107, 208 is covered.
  • the encapsulations 107, 208 may be the same or
  • Encapsulation properties adapted to the respective requirements of the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 are in each case a cover 109, 210 applied by means of a respective adhesive layer 108, 209, for example, as the common cover 109 may be executed according to the previous embodiments. However, it may also be possible that
  • the encapsulation 208 and / or the cover 210 of the organic light detecting element 200 are formed as a non-transparent layer, while the encapsulation 107 and the cover 109 transparent depending on the desired properties of the organic light emitting element 100 regardless of the organic light detecting element 200 or non-transparent may be formed.
  • FIG. 4B shows an exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component which, unlike the previous exemplary embodiment, has no electrical
  • organic light emitting element 100 and organic light detecting element 200 may be applied to organic light emitting element 100
  • organic light detecting element 200 by scattering and / or waveguide internally conducted, for example, directly irradiated, light can be influenced. Furthermore, in the intermediate space between the encapsulations 107, 208, an electrical contacting of the elements 100, 200 take place, as shown below in connection with the figures 13 and 14.
  • the organic optoelectronic components described in connection with the following exemplary embodiments can also have separate encapsulations 107, 208 for the elements 100, 200 instead of the continuous common encapsulation 107 shown there.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component which, in comparison to the previous exemplary embodiments, instead of an organic photodiode designed as an organic photodiode
  • Light-detecting device 200 comprises an organic light detecting element 200 which is formed as an organic photoconductor with an organic photoconductive material 207 which generates electrical charges upon irradiation of light.
  • photoconductive organic materials may be formed as a single layer on an electrically conductive layer, such as on an electrode or on that shown in FIG. 5, as in the exemplary embodiment shown
  • Electrode fittings 205 also without additional
  • the organic photoconductive material 207 may be based on a PVK-TNF charge transfer complex (PVK: polyvinylcarbazole, TNF: 2, 4, 7-trinitro-9-fluorenone). Furthermore, the organic photoconductive material 207 may, for example, also be two-layered in the form of an organic charge carrier-generating layer and an organic
  • Charge carrier transporting layer may be formed.
  • Suitable organic charge carrier materials are, for example, (di) azo dyes, squaraine derivatives and phthalocyanines in question, as organic charge carriers
  • conductive materials such as arylamines, oxadiazoles, TPD (N, '-Bis (3-methylphenyl) -N,' -bis (phenyl) benzidine) and PB ( ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (naphthalen-l-yl) - ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (phenyl) -benzidine).
  • TPD N, '-Bis (3-methylphenyl) -N,' -bis (phenyl) benzidine
  • PB ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (naphthalen-l-yl) - ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (phenyl) -benzidine
  • formed organic light detecting element 200 has the same structure as the organic light-emitting
  • Detecting for obscuration of the formed than photoconductor organic light-emitting element 200 can be used as not ⁇ transparent layers, for example, the non-transparent covering layer shown in FIG 5201 detected on the substrate and at least in the region of the organic light-emitting element 200, the encapsulation and / or the cover
  • organic light detecting layer may be provided a further non ⁇ transparent cover layer.
  • non-transparent insulator layers electrically insulated metal layers, non-transparent encapsulation materials and / or a non-transparent cover, for example a non-transparent glass cover, may be provided be.
  • Detecting element 200 this can also be constructed simultaneously as a photoconductor and photodiode.
  • Organic light detecting element 200 may be used with a bias voltage as a photodiode and without electrical bias as a photoconductor. Furthermore, depending on the materials and structure, the electrical resistance of the organic light detecting element 200 may be measured, so that the organic light detecting element 200 may be formed and usable as an organic photoresistor. For example, the organic light detecting element 200 may have an organic functional layer based on pentacene for this purpose.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the distance 114 between the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 is reduced compared with the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • the distance 114 By varying the distance 114, for example by the reduction in distance shown or by increasing the distance, the proportion of light conducted internally by the organic light emitting element 100 to the organic light detecting element 200 can be influenced depending on the application.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show further exemplary embodiments in which the decoupling layer 110 is varied in comparison to the exemplary embodiments shown so far.
  • the decoupling layer 110 extends in comparison to the previous ones
  • Light can be varied.
  • Decoupling layer 110 disposed on the organic functional layer stacking side facing the common substrate 101, which may also result in an influence on the internally conducted light. Furthermore, further or alternatively arranged internal and / or external coupling-out layers can be provided for the embodiments shown.
  • no decoupling layer can also be present. If the organic optoelectronic component and in particular the organic light emitting element 100 instead of a bottom emitter formed as a top emitter or transparent OLED, one or more coupling layers in the
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B show further exemplary embodiments of organic optoelectronic components in which, in comparison with those shown so far
  • Embodiments no insulator layers 106, 206, 112 are present. As a result, as has already been described in connection with FIG. 3 with reference to the interspace 113 instead of an insulator layer 112, the proportion of internally from the organic light emitting element 100 to the organic light detecting element 200
  • organic optoelectronic component for example, directly from the organic light emitting element 100 to the organic light detecting element 200 can be irradiated.
  • organic light emitting element 100 directly from the organic light emitting element 100 to the organic light detecting element 200 can be irradiated.
  • the electrodes 102, 104 and 202, 204 are formed, for example, by suitable mask processes in the production such that even without
  • organic light detecting elements 200 are indicated without accurate representation of the luminous surface and the contact feeds. In the case of a plurality of organic light detecting elements 200 in the following
  • each of the organic light-detecting elements 200 has at least one organic light-detecting layer which is arranged between two non-transparent layers which hold the respective ones shadow at least one organic light detecting layer from ambient light.
  • the respective non-transparent layers may be the same or different for the individual organic light detecting elements 200.
  • an organic light detecting element 200 may be located in a corner or, more generally, in a peripheral region of an organic light emitting element 100, thereby minimizing the influence of the luminous surface of the organic optoelectronic device.
  • a plurality of organic light detecting elements 200 may also be provided, for example, in two corners or in all four corners of the organic light emitting element 100.
  • organic light detecting element 200 is also disposed within the luminous surface formed by the organic light emitting element 100, wherein in addition, as shown in Figure 9D, in the edge regions and
  • organic light emitting element 100 may be present organic light detecting elements 200 or, as shown in Figure 9E, only within the luminous area of the organic light
  • Detecting element 200 may be present.
  • an entire edge side of an organic light-emitting device may also be used
  • Elements 100 may be provided with a plurality of organic light detecting elements 200.
  • organic light detecting elements 200 for example, a measurement of the uniformity of the luminous area of the organic light emitting element 100 may be possible.
  • FIGS. 10A to 12K show further exemplary embodiments of the arrangement, the number and the geometric one
  • the size of the organic light detecting element 200 can be varied as compared to the previous embodiments.
  • the size and the shape of the light-emitting element 100 can also be varied and, for example, also have a rectangular or even a different shape compared to the square shapes shown so far.
  • an organic light detecting element 200 may also be coherently emitting over an entire edge side of an organic light
  • Component 100 extend. As shown in Figures 10D and 10E, an organic light detecting
  • element 200 may be disposed in a region enclosed by organic light emitting element 100, or a light emitting element 100 in two
  • FIGS. 10A-10E may be due to
  • Detecting element 200 so for example one
  • Photo voltage, an organic optoelectronic device can be identified without visual control. This can be done for example by different incidence of light and / or different dark currents for different
  • Component shapes may be possible. Also, for example, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by a different Lichteinkopplung, by
  • organic light detecting element 200 spaced from the plurality of organic light emitting elements 100 or also directly one of the organic light
  • emissive elements 100 may be associated. in the
  • Embodiment of the figure HC is in contrast to each of the plurality of light-emitting elements 100 a associated with organic light detecting element 200, while according to the embodiment of Figure HD, an organic light detecting element 200 is provided, which occupies a larger area compared to the previous embodiments and all of the plurality of light-emitting elements 100 is assigned.
  • Detecting element 200 is detected. This procedure can be carried out before the actual commissioning or within the scope of maintenance intervals. In particular, in the case of a signal display, for example, a plurality of individual illuminated areas formed by the organic light-emitting elements 100 can thereby be checked in a self-test with only one organic light-detecting element 200.
  • the organic light emitting elements 100 and / or the organic light detecting elements 200 may also have shapes other than an angular shape, for example, a circular, an elliptic, or any other shape and any other relative arrangement and size to each other.
  • the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 9A to 12K can be combined with one another. The features and embodiments described in connection with the figures can according to further

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un composant opto-électronique organique, - selon lequel le composant opto-électronique organique présente au moins un élément électroluminescent (100) organique et au moins un élément photodétecteur (200) organique disposés sur un substrat commun (101) dans des zones surfaciques latéralement adjacentes, - selon lequel ledit au moins un élément photodétecteur (200) organique détecte une partie de la lumière (2) émise par ledit au moins un élément électroluminescent (100) organique, cette lumière étant guidée à l'intérieur du composant opto-électronique organique depuis l'élément électroluminescent (100) organique jusqu'à l'élément photodétecteur (200) organique.
PCT/EP2013/072399 2012-11-02 2013-10-25 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un composant opto-électronique organique WO2014067872A1 (fr)

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DE102013113535A1 (de) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-11 Osram Oled Gmbh Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optoelektronischen Bauelements

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