WO2014067024A1 - Método para la remoción biológica de sulfato y metales - Google Patents
Método para la remoción biológica de sulfato y metales Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014067024A1 WO2014067024A1 PCT/CL2013/000071 CL2013000071W WO2014067024A1 WO 2014067024 A1 WO2014067024 A1 WO 2014067024A1 CL 2013000071 W CL2013000071 W CL 2013000071W WO 2014067024 A1 WO2014067024 A1 WO 2014067024A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sulfate
- bioreactor
- biosorption
- consortium
- reducing
- Prior art date
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003914 acid mine drainage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000192142 Proteobacteria Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000203069 Archaea Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000194110 Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) Species 0.000 claims description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000789 acetogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000192700 Cyanobacteria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000588914 Enterobacter Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 32
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 240000002900 Arthrospira platensis Species 0.000 description 21
- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 19
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010159 Duncan test Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2N1 FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007901 in situ hybridization Methods 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- -1 carbon organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241001135761 Deltaproteobacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pyruvate Chemical compound CC(=O)C([O-])=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001135755 Betaproteobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035484 Cellulite Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000116 DAPI staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000192128 Gammaproteobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010049752 Peau d'orange Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000031439 Striae Distensae Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036232 cellulite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021403 cultural food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFMYDTVEBKDAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;(2',7'-dibromo-3',6'-dioxido-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-4'-yl)mercury;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Na+].O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(Br)=C([O-])C([Hg])=C1OC1=C2C=C(Br)C([O-])=C1 BFMYDTVEBKDAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002366 lipolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940098006 multigen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001523 saccharolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/341—Consortia of bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2806—Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/345—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used for biological oxidation or reduction of sulfur compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the biological removal of sulphate and metals from mining effluents, acid mine drains and different industrial liquid wastes.
- patent application EP 0436254 A1 proposes to use ethanol or mixtures of alcohols and US patent 6,228,263 proposes to use effluents with an organic load such as wastewater, tannery waters, brewery effluents , industries that work with starch and paper pulp remains.
- a common point between the two mentioned patents is that they propose to precipitate metals that could be present in the waters with the sulphydric acid generated from the sulfate reduction.
- Another alternative, which is related to those already mentioned, is the patent application US 2004/0168975 which consists of a sulfate reduction system present in water based on the use of a set of microorganisms. This set of microorganisms would be composed of sulfate reducing microorganisms and others with the ability to use complex substrates as substrates, which are more profitable than the typical substrates of sulfate reducing bacteria.
- the patent application US 2010/0108603 corresponds to a chemical alternative for the treatment of water with high levels of sulphate and metals. It is based on the use of basic substances that allow the metals present in the waters to precipitate. Then, through a filtration system, two effluents are obtained, one with a low concentration of sulfate and metals and the other with a high concentration of sulfate and metals, which is again introduced to the treatment.
- This invention solves the problems of the state of the art using a synergistic combination of a treatment system for the removal of metals by means of biosorption by means of a bacterial biomass, to reduce the inhibitory concentration of metals in the water, followed by a removal process.
- sulfate using a microbial halotolerant sulfate reducing consortium which is capable of using complex organic substrates, such as agroindustrial products or wastes, thus reducing the operating costs of the system.
- the haiotobency characteristic of the consortium gives the process greater flexibility to treat mining effluents contaminated with metals, which frequently have high levels of salt concentration.
- the main object of the present invention is a method for the biological removal of sulphate and metals from mining effluents, acid mine drains and different industrial liquid wastes, comprising at least the steps of:
- the method comprises, as an additional step prior to biosorption treatment, subjecting the effluent to a pretreatment with lime to reduce sulfate and metal concentrations.
- the bacterial biomass is constituted by a consortium of natural biofilm-forming bacteria, isolated from the environment.
- the bacterial biomass is constituted by a population of bacteria selected from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter.
- the bacterial biomass is constituted by the strain Bacillus sp. VCHB-10, deposited as NRRL-B-30881.
- the first step of removing the metals in solution by biosorption with a bacterial biomass added on itself comprises at least the steps of:
- step f repeat the process from step c.
- the first step of removing the metals in solution by biosorption with a bacterial biomass adhered to inert support materials, forming a biofilm comprises at least the steps of:
- step e repeat the process from step c.
- the second step of continuous sulfate removal in a fixed bed anaerobic bioreactor by means of a halotolerant sulfate reducing microbial consortium comprises at least the steps of:
- the sulfate reducing microbial consortium consortium grow in a fixed bed bioreactor containing the bioreactor support material and a culture medium consisting of at least one or more complex carbon organic compounds, such as electron donors, and sulfate,
- the second step of continuous sulfate removal in an anaerobic bioreactor by means of a halotolerant sulfate reducing microbial consortium comprises at least the steps of:
- the sulfate reducing microbial consortium consortium grows in a bioreactor containing a culture medium consisting of at least one or more complex carbon compounds in particulate form, such as electron donors, and sulfate,
- the halotolerant sulfate reducing microbial consortium is enriched from an environmental sample.
- the environmental sample is the anaerobic mud of a saline lagoon or a salt flat.
- the halogen-reducing sulfate microbial consortium is composed of at least hydrolytic, fermentative, acetogenic and sulfate reducing microorganisms.
- the halogen-reducing sulfate microbial consortium is composed of bacteria and archaea.
- the bacteria belong, at least, to the phylogenetic groups of Proteobacteria ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ and to bacteria of the Citofaga-Flavobacterium group.
- the halogen-reducing sulfate microbial consortium has the ability to grow at sodium chloride concentrations between 0 and 100 g / L.
- the complex organic compound (s) are naturally occurring products rich in polymeric organic compounds.
- products of natural origin rich in polymeric organic compounds are selected from the group of cellulose, lignocellulosic plant products or residues, starch, starch-rich plant products or residues, seaweed, microalgae and cyanobacteria.
- the support materials used in the biosorption or sulfate reduction stage are selected from the group of ceramics, silicon stone, glass and plastic.
- Microbial consortium in this invention, the concept of microbial consortium is understood as a group of different microorganisms that act together. In a microbial consortium, microorganisms with different metabolic capacities can be found. In the particular case of the sulfate reducing microbial consortium, it is composed, for example, of hydrolytic, fermentative, acetogenic and sulfate reducing microorganisms.
- hydrolytic microorganisms could be found proteolytic microorganisms (capable of degrading proteins); saccharolytic microorganisms (capable of degrading several sugars); lipolytic microorganisms (capable of digesting lipids or fats), or cellulite microorganisms (capable of degrading cellulose or plant matter). These different metabolic capacities allow the consortium to be able to degrade a variety of complex organic waste. Description of the Figures
- FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 1 ;
- This figure shows the change that occurs in the appearance of the starch culture medium as a substrate before and after cultivating the sulfate reducing microbial consortium.
- the black color is due to the precipitation of iron sulfide due to the reaction between the hydrogen sulfide produced by the microorganisms and the ferrous ion present in the culture medium.
- FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 1
- FIGURE 3 shows the in situ hybridization of the microbial consortium grown in a medium with spirulina. The percentages of each of the groups, marked with the specific probes, are shown with respect to the total microorganisms marked with DAPI. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation between the percentages of microorganisms marked with the probe obtained from at least 3 different images.
- FIGURE 3 shows the in situ hybridization of the microbial consortium grown in a medium with spirulina. The percentages of each of the groups, marked with the specific probes, are shown with respect to the total microorganisms marked with DAPI. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation between the percentages of microorganisms marked with the probe obtained from at least 3 different images.
- FIGURE 3 shows the in situ hybridization of the microbial consortium grown in a medium with spirulina. The percentages of each of the groups, marked with the specific probes, are shown with respect to the total microorganisms marked with DAPI. Err
- This figure shows the in situ hybridization of the microbial consortium grown in a starchy medium.
- the percentages of each of the groups, marked with the specific probes, are shown with respect to the total microorganisms marked with DAPI.
- Error bars correspond to the standard deviation between the percentages of microorganisms marked with the probe obtained from at least 3 different images.
- FIGURE 4
- FIGURE 5 shows the in situ hybridization of the microbial consortium grown in a cellulose medium. The percentages of each of the groups, marked with the specific probes, are shown with respect to the total microorganisms marked with DAPI. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation between the percentages of microorganisms marked with the probe obtained in at least 3 different images.
- FIGURE 5 shows the standard deviation between the percentages of microorganisms marked with the probe obtained in at least 3 different images.
- FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 6
- FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 7
- FIGURE 8 shows the sulfate concentration in cellulose media and pH 4.0 (- * -); 5.0 (- * -); 6.0 (- * -) and 7.5 (" ⁇ ") at different growing times. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent cultures. * Shows significant difference between sulfate concentration in media with pH 7.5 and media with pH 4.0; 5.0 and 6.0 according to the Duncan test p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIGURE 8 shows the sulfate concentration in cellulose media and pH 4.0 (- * -); 5.0 (- * -); 6.0 (- * -) and 7.5 (" ⁇ ”) at different growing times. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent cultures. * Shows significant difference between sulfate concentration in media with pH 7.5 and media with pH 4.0; 5.0 and 6.0 according to the Duncan test p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIGURE 8 shows the sulfate concentration in cellulose media and pH 4.0 (- * -); 5.0 (- * -
- This figure shows the sulfate concentration in spirulina culture media with the following copper concentrations 0 (" ⁇ "), 100 (- * -), 120 (- * -), 140 (- * -), 160 ( ⁇ - * -) and 180 (- * -) mg / L at different culture times. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent cultures. * Shows significant difference between sulfate concentration in copper-free media and copper media according to Duncan's test p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIGURE 9 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 9
- FIGURE 10 shows the sulfate concentration in starch culture media with the following copper concentrations 0 ("" ⁇ ""), 40 (- ⁇ -), 60 ("*"). 80 (- * -) and 100 (- * -) mg / L at different growing times. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent cultures. * Shows significant difference between sulfate concentration in copper-free media and copper media according to Duncan's test p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIGURE 10 shows the sulfate concentration in starch culture media with the following copper concentrations 0 ("" ⁇ ""), 40 (- ⁇ -), 60 (“*"). 80 (- * -) and 100 (- * -) mg / L at different growing times. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent cultures. * Shows significant difference between sulfate concentration in copper-free media and copper media according to Duncan's test p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIGURE 10 shows the sulfate concentration in starch culture media with the following copper concentrations
- This figure shows the sulfate concentration in cellulose culture media with the following concentrations of copper 0 ("" ⁇ -), 20 (- ⁇ -), 40 (- * -), 60 (- * -) and 80 mg / L at different growing times. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent cultures. * Shows significant difference between sulfate concentration in copper-free media and copper media according to Duncan's test p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIGURE 11 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 11
- FIGURE 12 shows the sulfate concentration in starch culture media with the following zinc concentrations 0 ("" ⁇ ""), 100 (- * -), 120 (- * -), 140 (- -), 160 ( ) and 180 (- ⁇ -) mg / L at different culture times. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent cultures. * Shows significant difference between sulfate concentration in zinc-free media and zinc media according to the Duncan test p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIGURE 12 shows the sulfate concentration in starch culture media with the following zinc concentrations 0 ("" ⁇ ""), 100 (- * -), 120 (- * -), 140 (- -), 160 ( ) and 180 (- ⁇ -) mg / L at different culture times. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent cultures. * Shows significant difference between sulfate concentration in zinc-free media and zinc media according to the Duncan test p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIGURE 12 shows the sulfate concentration in starch
- This figure shows the sulfate concentration in cellulose culture media with the following zinc concentrations 0 ("" ⁇ -), 40 (- ⁇ -), 60 (- * -), 80 ( ⁇ -) and 100 (- * -) mg / L at different culture times. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three independent cultures. * Shows significant difference between sulfate concentration in zinc-free media and zinc media according to the Duncan test p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIGURE 13 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 13
- This figure shows the concentration of sulfate and hydrogen sulfide in the effluent from the bioreactor without support during the semi-continuous period of operation.
- Day 66 corresponds to the day on which the bioreactor starts feeding semi-continuously.
- the error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three measurements made to the same sample.
- FIGURE 14 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 14
- This figure shows the concentration of sulfate and generation of hydrogen sulfide in the effluent of the bioreactor with silicon gravel as a support during the period of semi-continuous operation.
- Day 98 corresponds to the day on which the bioreactor is fed semi-continuously.
- the error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three measurements made to the same sample.
- FIGURE 15
- This figure shows the concentration of sulfate and hydrogen sulfide in the bioreactor effluent with Celite R-635 as a support during the semi-continuous operation period.
- Day 98 corresponds to the day on which the bioreactor was fed semi-continuously.
- the error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three measurements made to the same sample.
- FIGURE 16 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 16
- This figure shows the concentration of sulfate and hydrogen sulfide in the effluent from the bioreactor with Celite R-635 fed with DAM in a semi-continuous manner.
- the feeding was started with culture medium and on day 9 with DAM.
- the error bars correspond to the standard deviation of three measurements made to the same sample.
- FIGURE 17 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 17
- This figure illustrates the flow chart of a particular application of the process for the biological removal of sulfate and metals from mining effluents, acid mine drains or different industrial liquid wastes.
- the microbial consortium is enriched from the anaerobic sediment of a saline lagoon.
- the cultivation of the microbial consortium, with complex substrates is carried out in test tubes, 15 cm high by 1.5 cm wide, with 10 mL of culture medium.
- the modified Postgate "C” culture medium is used (Barton and Tomei, 1995. "Characteristics and activities of sulfate-reducing bacteria”. In: Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria. Ed: Baron I. L. 1-32.).
- Table 1 shows the composition of each of the culture media with their respective substrates.
- the starch corresponds to insoluble corn starch obtained from Merck, Germany.
- Cellulose corresponds to Microcrystalline Cellulose Sigmacell provided by Sigma, USA.
- Spirulina corresponds to Spirulina GNC provided by General Nutrition Centers, USA.
- the industrial starch corresponds to regular corn starch 034010, Buffalo provided by Inducorn S.A., Chile.
- the culture media are prepared, the pH is adjusted to 7.5 and they are autoclaved for 15 minutes at 121 ° C. Once sterilized, the media is covered with paraffin oil (Biomérieux France) even when hot, with In order to maintain anaerobiosis in the culture medium. Sterile media are inoculated with approximately 500 L of a previous culture and maintained at 28 ° C.
- Table 1 Composition of modified Postgate "C” liquid culture media, with different nutrients.
- the growth of the microbial consortium is determined by the appearance of black precipitate, which corresponds to FeS.
- the latter is produced by the reaction of H 2 S, generated by the reduction of sulfate, with the iron present in the culture medium.
- Figure 1 shows the change observed when cultivating the microbial consortium in a medium containing starch as a substrate.
- Figure 1A shows the sterile culture medium and
- Figure 1 B shows the culture medium after being inoculated and cultured for 20 days. The same color change is observed in all culture media with the different substrates (cellulose, spirulina and industrial starch).
- Table 2 shows the probes and their characteristics, used to perform in situ hybridization with a fluorescent probe.
- Table 2 Sequences, position in the white rRNA and specificity of the probes used in in situ hydration (Amann et al. 1995. "Phylogenetic Identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation”. Microbiol. Rev. 59:
- GAM 42a GCCTTCCCACATCGTTT 1043 Proteobacteria.
- hybridization solution (see Table 3), which contain 20 ng of labeled probe, on each of the samples.
- the samples are incubated for an hour and a half at 37 e C.
- a wash is performed with the wash solution (see Table 4) for half an hour at 37 ° C.
- Table 3 Composition of the hybridization solution for in situ hybridization, the composition of this solution depends on the probe used.
- Hybridization solution 1 was used for probes ALF 1b and EUB 338, while hybridization solution 2 was used for probes BET42a, GAM42a, CF319a and BRS385.
- DAPI staining is performed by applying 20 pL of a solution containing this fluorochrome in a concentration of 50 pg / mL, waiting between 10-15 minutes and rinsing with distilled water to remove excess DAPI. Once the hybridization is performed, it is observed in the epifluorescence microscope, with Zeiss filter No. 20 to see the probe labeled with CY3 and with Zeiss filter No. 09 to see the bacteria marked with DAPI. Images of the samples are taken using a Cannon Power Shot sx110 IS camera and Remote Capture software version 3.0.1.8.
- the images are processed by means of the ImageJ software, to decrease the background, in those that are needed. With the images obtained, a count of the microorganisms marked with each of the specific probes and of the total microorganisms marked with DAPI is made.
- In situ hybridization is applied to microbial consortia, grown for 5 to 7 days, in test tubes with media with cellulose, starch and spirulina as a nutrient.
- Table 4 Composition of the wash solution for in situ hybridization, the composition of this solution depends on the probe used. Wash solution 1 was used for ALF 1 and EUB 338 probes, while wash solution 2 was used for BET42a, GAM42a, CF3 9a and BRS385 probes.
- the microbial consortium maintained in a starchy medium, is composed of microorganisms of all the groups studied, as is the consortium grown in spirulina media.
- the consortium grown in spirulina media is composed of microorganisms of all the groups studied, as is the consortium grown in spirulina media.
- about 47% of the microorganisms correspond to Bacteria, while 13% of the microorganisms present are Archaea.
- ⁇ Proteobacteria in the sample, which reach 14% of the total microorganisms. Unlike what was observed in the culture medium with spirulina, ⁇ Proteobacteria do not represent a majority.
- the halotolerant sulfate reducing microbial consortium is composed of bacteria and archaea. Its proportion depends on the complex carbon organic compound that is used for its cultivation. As for bacteria, they belong, at least, to the phylogenetic groups of Proteobacteria ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ and to bacteria of the Citofaga-Flavobacterium group. Its proportion also depends on the type of electron donor with which it is grown.
- the composition of the culture media is that used for Example 1, but the pH is adjusted to 4.0 5.0; 6.0 and 7.5; using potassium hydroxide (KOH) to alkalize or phosphoric acid (H 3 P0 4 ) to acidify.
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- the effect of pH, on the ability of the microbial consortium to reduce sulfate, is determined by means of sulfate concentrations in media with spirulina, cellulose and starch at different growing times. A turbidimetric technique is used to determine the sulfate concentration. Between 600-1000 ⁇ _ of sample is taken from the culture media and centrifuged for 15 minutes at 4724 x g.
- 500 ⁇ obtenido_ is taken from the obtained supernatant and placed in 39.5 mL of distilled water. 10 ml of the resulting solution is taken and the initial turbidity is measured, then 3 g of barium chloride (BaCI 2 ) is placed in the 10 mL of sample and stirred for one minute. Adding BaCI 2 generates a precipitate that corresponds to BaS04. The measured turbidity is proportional to the amount of precipitate and therefore to the amount of sulfate present in the sample, since BaCI2 is added in excess (American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. 1998. "4500- S042-E". In: "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”. Ed. 20.).
- the larger particles are allowed to decant for 5 minutes and the turbidity of the sample is measured at 890 nm.
- the correlation between turbidity and sulfate concentration is obtained.
- Figure 5 shows the concentration of sulfate over time when the sulfate reducing microbial consortium is grown in media with different pH and spirulina as a substrate.
- the culture media with spirulina at pH 6.0 and 7.5; After 9 days of cultivation of the microbial consortium, there is a decrease in sulfate concentration, reaching values close to 11 and 10 mM respectively.
- culture media with pH 5.0 and 4.0 until day 17 of culture, a decrease in sulfate levels is not observed.
- Figure 7 shows the concentration of sulfate over time when the sulfate reducing microbial consortium is grown in media with different pH and cellulose as a substrate.
- the greatest decrease in sulfate levels occurs at pH 7.5; the initial and final sulfate concentrations being significantly different according to the Duncan test.
- the culture medium with pH 6.0 there is also a decrease in sulfate levels between the initial and final sulfate concentration. Although this decrease is less than that of the medium with pH 7.5, it is also statistically significant.
- Culture media with pH 4.0 and 5.0 do not show a considerable decrease in sulfate and this is confirmed by the statistical analysis, indicating that there is no significant difference.
- Spirulina culture media have the following concentrations 0, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 mg / L of copper.
- Starch culture media have the following concentrations 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg / L of copper and 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 mg / L of zinc.
- concentrations 20 40, 60 and 80 mg / L of copper and 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg / L of zinc are used.
- Figure 8 shows sulfate concentrations in spirulina media and different copper concentrations where the microbial consortium was grown. It is observed that the control has a tendency to decrease sulfate levels on days 2, 4 and 6 of culture, which is not observed in the culture media with copper.
- the Duncan statistical test indicates that there is a significant difference between the control without copper and the medium with 200 mg / L of copper on day 2 and between the control and the medium with 140 mg / L on day 4 of culture. This indicates that the removal of sulfate in a culture medium without copper would occur earlier compared to the media with copper.
- Figure 9 it shows the concentration of sulfate in starchy cultures and different concentrations of copper.
- the microbial consortium grown in a starchy medium, is capable of reducing sulfate levels in the presence of copper, but in a smaller amount compared to the control without copper.
- a significant difference in sulfate concentration is found on day 11 of culture between the control and the copper media.
- Figure 10 shows the sulfate concentration in cellulose cultures and different copper concentrations.
- the Duncan statistical test indicates that there is only a significant difference, between the initial and final sulfate concentration, of the control cultures without copper.
- Figure 11 shows the sulfate concentration in starchy cultures and different zinc concentrations. In the control condition, without zinc, it is the only one where there is a decrease in sulfate levels.
- Duncan's statistical analysis indicates that there is a significant difference, from day 7 onwards, between the control condition without zinc and the culture media with zinc, in sulfate levels.
- Figure 12 shows the sulfate concentration in cellulose cultures and different zinc concentrations.
- the Duncan test indicates that on day 29 of culture there are significant differences between the sulfate concentration of the control, without zinc, and the culture media with zinc. On the other hand on day 39 of culture there is a significant difference between the control and the culture media with 60, 80 and 100 mg / L of zinc.
- Sulfate removal using a microbial sulfate reducing consortium maintained in a bioreactor without support material Use a glass bioreactor with a useful volume of 496 cm 3 , (dimensions: 49 cm high and 3.6 cm wide).
- the bioreactor is filled with culture medium with the composition shown in Table 1 and as an industrial starch substrate with a concentration of 2 g / L.
- thioglycolic acid is used in the culture medium at a concentration of 0.1 g / L.
- the bioreactor is inoculated with an already grown culture of the sulfate reducing microbial consortium maintained without support material. The bioreactor is maintained at 28 ° C.
- the bioreactor is operated for 65 days as a batch, until the biofilm of the sulfate reducing consortium is formed on the starch.
- the same starch being partially in solid particles in the culture medium, acts simultaneously as a substrate and as a solid material for the adhesion of microorganisms. From day 66 it starts to be fed daily semi-continuously.
- peristaltic pumps model 7554-30, 1 - 100 rpm, Cole-Parmer Instrument Co., USA.
- Table 5 Parameters modified during bioreactor operation without support.
- Table 5 shows the changes in recirculation, feeding and pH of the medium used to feed the bioreactor at different times.
- Figure 13 shows the concentration of sulfate and hydrogen sulfide in the bioreactor effluent during the semi-continuous period.
- the sulfate concentration at the moment of starting the feeding, is above the norm (maximum sulfate limit established for surface waters in the norm 82637 Supreme Decree 90, Chile) and is maintained until day 72, when it decreases to approximately 9 mM.
- On day 74 a sulfate concentration close to 7.3 mM is recorded, which remains stable between 7.0 and 7.5 mM until day 81.
- the sulfate concentration is maintained below 7.5 mM, at Although the day 79 of operation increases the daily feeding volume from 10 to 20%.
- teflon bioreactor useful volume 410 cm 3 , (dimensions: 49 cm high by 3.3 cm wide).
- the bioreactor is filled with culture medium as described in Example 4 but in addition 313 g of silicon gravilia are added as support material.
- the bioreactor is inoculated with a culture that grew in contact with silicic gravilia.
- Table 6 Parameters modified during the operation of the bioreactor with silicon gravilia as support material.
- Figure 14 shows the concentrations of sulfate and hydrogen sulfide in the bioreactor effluent with silicic gravilia, once the feed is started as a semi-continuous system.
- sulfate concentration it is observed that when starting the bioreactor feed exceeds the sulfate standard (rule 182637 Supreme Decree 90, Chile). Keeping the feed volume at 10%, no decrease in sulfate concentration is observed. From day 106, culture medium with pH 8 was used to feed the bioreactor. On day 107 a decrease is observed in sulfate levels, so that the concentration decreases below the norm.
- a sustained decrease in sulfate concentration is observed with a feed corresponding to 10% of the volume with pH 8, until reaching day 112 an approximate value of 5.5 mM.
- the increase in feed volume on day 13 from 10 to 20% of the volume generates a slight increase in sulfate concentration.
- the lowest sulfate concentration corresponding to approximately 4.8 mM is reached.
- the increase in feed volume on day 17, from 20 to 30% of the volume produces a considerable increase in sulfate concentration, despite this, it remains below the norm.
- concentration of hydrogen sulfide a gradual increase is observed until day 13, reaching an approximate concentration of 3.0 mM. From day 1 16 onwards the concentration varies between 2.8 and 5 mM of hydrogen sulfide.
- a bioreactor is used as described in Example 4 but in addition 200 g Celite R-635 is added as support material.
- the bioreactor is inoculated with a culture that grew in contact with Celite R-635.
- Table 7 shows the changes in recirculation, feeding and pH of the medium used to feed the bioreactor at different times.
- Table 7 Parameters modified during the bioreactor operation with Celite R-635 as support.
- Figure 15 shows the concentrations of sulfate and hydrogen sulfide in the effluent of the bioreactor with silicic gravid, once the feed is started as a semi-continuous system.
- the sulfate concentration is below the norm (rule 182637 Supreme Decree 90, Chile). This condition which remains until day 109, period in which it feeds with 10% of the volume. It is appreciated that there is no increase in sulfate concentration from day 110, when the feed volume is increased from 10 to 20%.
- the increase in the feed volume from 20 to 40% of the volume of the bioreactor from day 113 generates an increase in sulfate concentration so that a concentration of 10 mM is reached on day 116.
- By decreasing the volume of Daily feed up to 30% is decreased in sulfate concentration.
- the concentration of hydrogen sulfide increases until day 112 where a value of 4.8 mM is achieved. On day 119 of operation a maximum value of 7 mM is reached.
- a bioreactor such as that described in Example 6 is used to remove the sulfate present in a previously treated DAM.
- the pre-treatment consists of adding lime to increase the pH and precipitate the copper present.
- the amount of lime used is that necessary to reach a pH equal to 6.3.
- Biosorption allows to reduce the concentration of metals present in the DAM.
- the treatment consists in contacting the DAM with biomass obtained from a culture of the Bacillus sp. VCHB-10, deposited as NRRL-B-30881 (US 7,951,578; US 7,479,220). In this way, the metals present in the DAM are adsorbed by the biomass, obtaining a DAM with a lower concentration of metals.
- the biomass used in biosorption is obtained according to the following protocol.
- the cultivation of Bacillus sp. VCHB-10 in fermenter is performed at 28 ° C for 16 hours with 200 rpm stirring and 0.75 vvm aeration. Once the cultivation time has elapsed, the biomass is allowed to decant and the supernatant is discarded. The biomass obtained is used to perform the biosorption of the metals present in the DAM. To do this, in the bioreactor, 2 L of acid mine drainage are put in contact with the biomass for 1 hour with 75 rpm stirring. Once the biosorption is performed, the biomass is allowed to decant and the supernatant corresponding to the DAM treated with a low metal concentration is taken.
- Table 8 Composition of the culture medium for Bacillus sp. VCHB-10
- Table 9 Parameters modified during the bioreactor operation with Celite R-635 as a support fed with culture medium or DAM.
- the lime treatment allows the sulfate concentration to be reduced from 37.5 mM to 18.75 mM and the copper concentration from 1.4 g / L to 20 mg / L.
- the biosorption treatment allowed the copper concentration to be reduced from 20 mg / L to 1.8 mg / L.
- Table 9 shows the changes in recirculation, feeding and pH of the medium used to feed the anaerobic sulfate bioreactor at different times.
- Figure 16 shows sulfate and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the bioreactor effluent with Celite R-635 used to remove the sulfate present in a DAM.
- the bioreactor is initially fed daily with culture medium corresponding to 30% of the bioreactor volume. From day 10 of operation it is fed with DAM corresponding to 30% of the bioreactor volume. From day 10 there is an increase in sulfate concentration. On day 13 of operation, the feed volume is reduced to 20% of the bioreactor volume. The sulfate concentration continues to increase until a stable concentration is reached. Thus the sulfate concentration is maintained from day 18 of operation at approximately 11.5 mM. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide remains stable over time, bordering 6 mM.
- the process consists of a system for the treatment of water contaminated with sulfate or with sulfate and metals, which come from different industries, including mining.
- the process consists of a physical-chemical and biological pretreatment and then with a biological treatment reduce the sulfate concentration using a microbial sulfate reducing consortium capable of using complex substrates.
- the process begins with a pretreatment that is divided into two stages. Waters with a high concentration of sulfate and metals enter through the conduit 1 to the reactor 3, to the latter, by means of the conduit 2, quicklime is added to it, which allows the concentration of sulfate and metals to be reduced.
- conduit 4 the precipitate generated in reactor 3 is removed.
- the effluent from reactor 3, by means of conduit 5, is carried to reactor 7, where the removal of metals occurs by biosorption with a bacterial biomass.
- Bacillus sp VCHB-10 biomass is used for the biosorption process.
- an acid solution is added to perform the process of desorption of the metals from the bacterial biosorption biomass into the reactor 7.
- an effluent with high metal concentration is obtained.
- the biomass present inside the reactor 7 is again active and can be used in a new biosorption / desorption cycle.
- two or more bioreactors can be used to perform the biosorption process alternately and ensure that the process is carried out continuously, keeping one of the bioreactors in the biosorption stage and another in the desorption stage.
- the effluent from the reactor 7, via the conduit 9, is sent to the anaerobic bioreactor 11, where the sulfate reducing microbial consortium removes the sulfate present in the reactor effluent 2.
- the nutrients for the sulfate reducing microbial consortium are directly entered to the anaerobic bioreactor 11, via the duct 10.
- the anaerobic bioreactor can maintain biomass of the sulfate reducing microbial consortium with and without support material. In the case of using support material, this may correspond to Celite R-635, silicon gravel, polyurethane, charcoal or polyethylene.
- a recirculation system inside the anaerobic bioreactor 11 allows the sulphate reduction process to be optimized. So that through the conduit 12 an effluent with low concentration of metals and sulfate is obtained.
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- Microbiology (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
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AU2013337537A AU2013337537B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2013-10-04 | Method for biologically removing sulfate and metals |
CA2883147A CA2883147A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2013-10-04 | Method for the biological removal of sulfate and metals |
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CL3057-2012 | 2012-10-31 | ||
CL2012003057A CL2012003057A1 (es) | 2012-10-31 | 2012-10-31 | Metodo para la remocion biologica de sulfato y metales desde efluentes mineros, que comprende someter el efluente a al menos a un primer paso de remocion de los metales en solucion mediante biosorcion, y someter el liquido a un segundo paso de remocion continua de sulfato en un biorreactor anaerobico. |
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CA (1) | CA2883147A1 (es) |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111676141A (zh) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-18 | 天津科技大学 | 一种去除盐藻中重金属砷的方法 |
US11167360B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2021-11-09 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Method for manufacturing processed article, tool path calculation method, processed article, and impeller |
US11591669B2 (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2023-02-28 | Mint Innovation Limited | Metal recovery process |
CN118084209A (zh) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-05-28 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种基于注氮工艺的高硫酸盐矿井水井下原位预处理方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1980002281A1 (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-10-30 | Vyrmetoder Ab | A process for precipitating heavy metals from wastewater |
US6203700B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-03-20 | Water Research Commission | Process for treating metal-containing acid water |
US20080009054A1 (en) * | 2006-07-04 | 2008-01-10 | Universidad De Chile | Bacterial strain for a metal biosorption process |
US20080142422A1 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2008-06-19 | Universidad De Chile | Process And Plant For The Removal Of Metals By Biosorption From Mining Or Industrial Effluents |
-
2012
- 2012-10-31 CL CL2012003057A patent/CL2012003057A1/es unknown
-
2013
- 2013-10-04 PE PE2015000071A patent/PE20150539A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-10-04 WO PCT/CL2013/000071 patent/WO2014067024A1/es active Application Filing
- 2013-10-04 AU AU2013337537A patent/AU2013337537B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-10-04 CA CA2883147A patent/CA2883147A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1980002281A1 (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-10-30 | Vyrmetoder Ab | A process for precipitating heavy metals from wastewater |
US6203700B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-03-20 | Water Research Commission | Process for treating metal-containing acid water |
US20080142422A1 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2008-06-19 | Universidad De Chile | Process And Plant For The Removal Of Metals By Biosorption From Mining Or Industrial Effluents |
US20080009054A1 (en) * | 2006-07-04 | 2008-01-10 | Universidad De Chile | Bacterial strain for a metal biosorption process |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11591669B2 (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2023-02-28 | Mint Innovation Limited | Metal recovery process |
US11167360B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2021-11-09 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Method for manufacturing processed article, tool path calculation method, processed article, and impeller |
CN111676141A (zh) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-18 | 天津科技大学 | 一种去除盐藻中重金属砷的方法 |
CN118084209A (zh) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-05-28 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种基于注氮工艺的高硫酸盐矿井水井下原位预处理方法 |
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AU2013337537B2 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
CA2883147A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
PE20150539A1 (es) | 2015-04-29 |
AU2013337537A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
CL2012003057A1 (es) | 2013-02-01 |
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