Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
  • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
  • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
  • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
  • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
  • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
  • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
  • A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
  • A61F2002/91575—Adjacent bands being connected to each other connected peak to trough
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
  • A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
  • A61F2210/0076—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof multilayered, e.g. laminated structures
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
  • A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
  • A61F2230/0028—Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
  • A61F2230/0054—V-shaped
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
  • A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
  • A61F2230/0069—Three-dimensional shapes cylindrical
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
  • A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
  • A61F2250/0096—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
  • A61F2250/0098—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2696/00—Use of specified macromolecular materials not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2601/00 – B29K2695/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
  • B29K2995/0059—Degradable
  • B29K2995/006—Bio-degradable, e.g. bioabsorbable, bioresorbable or bioerodible
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
  • B29L2031/7532—Artificial members, protheses

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a radiopaque marker and a method of applying the radiopaque marker to a vascular stent, in particular to a bioabsorbable or bioresorbable polymeric vascular stent.
• Radiopacity is the ability of a material to attenuate or block the passage of X-rays and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Radiopacity of a material correlates closely with density and for a given material is proportional to the thickness.
• a radiopaque dye, radiopaque filler material or radiopaque marker is used to enhance the radiopacity of structures or materials to make them more visible using X-ray imaging techniques. This is particularly important for imaging structures that are made of low density materials because they lack sufficient radiopacity to be visible by themselves using X-ray imaging techniques.
• Bioabsorbable and bioresorbable are used interchangeably in the medical device industry to describe a material that, after implantation in the body, breaks down over time and is absorbed/resorbed by the surrounding tissues.
• Typical materials for bioabsorbable or bioresorbable stents include polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) polyglactin (PLAGA copolymer).
• Patent 6,368,346 Jadhav U.S. Patent 7,553,325 Stinson; U.S. Patent 6,991,647 Jadhav; U.S. Patent 7,951,194 Gueriguian; U.S. Patent 6,464,723 Callol; U.S. Patent 6,635,082 Hossainy; and U.S. Patent 5,725,572 Lam.
• FIGURE 1 illustrates a bioabsorbable or bioresorbable polymeric vascular stent laid out flat to show the structure of the stent and placement of slits for attaching a radiopaque marker.
• FIGURE 2 is an enlarged detail drawing of a portion of the bioresorbable polymeric vascular stent of FIG. 1 showing the configuration of the slits for attaching a radiopaque marker.
• FIGURE 3 is a perspective drawing of a radiopaque marker according to the present invention.
• FIGURE 4 is a perspective drawing of a heat treatment mold used in a method for applying the radiopaque marker to a bioabsorbable or bioresorbable polymeric vascular stent.
• FIGURE 5 is a photograph of a bioabsorbable or bioresorbable polymeric vascular stent having two radiopaque markers according to the present invention.
• FIGURE 6 (FIG. 6) is an enlarged detail photograph of a portion of the bioresorbable polymeric vascular stent of FIG. 5 showing one of the radiopaque markers.
• Inventors herein provide a method of applying a radiopaque marker to a tubular stent. This method comprises:
• the herein described method advantageously further comprises after the heat treating step, a step of cooling the tubular stent to a temperature below the glass transition temperature.
• the herein described method further comprises prior to the heat treating step, a step of placing an internal support rod into the tubular stent and a step of placing the tubular stent into an outer mold.
• the outer mold may advantageously comprise a lower half having at least one semicylindrical channel and an upper half having at least one semicylindrical channel.
• the at least one opening through a wall of the tubular stent comprises a pair of slits and the radiopaque marker preferably further comprises a pair of wall portions sized and configured to fit within the slits.
• the radiopaque marker further comprises a roof portion joining together the pair of wall portions.
• the heat treating step of the tubular stent is to embed the radiopaque marker into the wall of the tubular stent
• the tubular stent is formed from a polymer having a glass transition temperature, typically from a bioresorbable polymer, preferably from a material comprising a poly (lactic acid) polymer, and wherein the heat treating step comprises heating the tubular stent to a temperature at or above the glass transition temperature.
• Another object of the present invention is an apparatus comprising:
• tubular stent having a stent wall constructed primarily of a polymeric material, preferably constructed of a bioresorbable polymeric material, and at least one slit formed in the stent wall;
• radiopaque marker constructed of a radiopaque material configured with a substantially flat roof portion and at least one wall portion extending from the roof portion;
• the at least one wall portion of the radiopaque marker extends into the at least one slit formed in the stent wall and the at least one wall portion is gripped by the polymeric material surrounding the at least one slit.
• the roof portion of the radiopaque marker is embedded into the stent wall of the tubular stent.
• the at least one slit comprises a pair of parallel slits formed in the stent wall and the at least one wall portion of the radiopaque marker preferably comprises a pair of parallel wall portions extending approximately perpendicular from the roof portion; the pair of wall portions of the radiopaque marker extending into the pair of slits formed in the stent wall and the pair of wall portions being gripped by the polymeric material surrounding the pair of slits.
• the apparatus of the invention further comprises a second radiopaque marker constructed of a radiopaque material configured with a substantially flat roof portion and a pair of parallel wall portions extending approximately perpendicular from the roof portion; the pair of wall portions of the second radiopaque marker extending into a second pair of slits formed in the stent wall and the pair of wall portions of the second radiopaque marker being gripped by the polymeric material surrounding the second pair of slits.
• a second radiopaque marker constructed of a radiopaque material configured with a substantially flat roof portion and a pair of parallel wall portions extending approximately perpendicular from the roof portion; the pair of wall portions of the second radiopaque marker extending into a second pair of slits formed in the stent wall and the pair of wall portions of the second radiopaque marker being gripped by the polymeric material surrounding the second pair of slits.
• the radiopaque marker is positioned on an opposite end of the tubular stent and is diametrically opposed to the second radiopaque marker.
• the stent wall is constructed of a bioresorbable polymeric material having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 45 °C;
• the at least one slit comprises a pair of parallel slits formed in the stent wall and the at least one wall portion of the radiopaque marker comprises a pair of parallel wall portions extending approximately perpendicular from the roof portion;
• the pair of wall portions of the radiopaque marker extends into the pair of slits formed in the stent wall and the pair of wall portions are gripped by the polymeric material surrounding the pair of slits; and
• the roof portion of the radiopaque marker is embedded into the stent wall of the tubular stent.
• a radiopaque marker for a tubular stent is constructed of a radiopaque material and configured with a roof portion and a pair of wall portions extending approximately perpendicular to the roof portion.
• the radiopaque marker is applied to a tubular stent by a method including the steps of forming the tubular stent with a pair of openings through a wall of the tubular stent; inserting the wall portions of the radiopaque marker into the openings in the wall of the tubular stent; and heat treating the tubular stent to retain the wall portions of the radiopaque marker within the openings in the wall of the tubular stent.
• the heat treating step also embeds the roof portion of the radiopaque marker onto the wall of the tubular stent.
• the method of the invention is particularly adapted for applying a radiopaque marker to a bioresorbable polymeric vascular stent.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a vascular stent 100 for use with a radiopaque marker 120 according to the present invention, which is shown in FIG. 3.
• the stent 100 is made from a bioabsorbable or bioresorbable polymer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 45°C.
• Tg glass transition temperature
• the stent 100 is generally manufactured in a tubular configuration, but has been drawn as if it has been cut longitudinally along line 1-1 and laid out flat to more clearly illustrate the structure of the stent.
• FIG. 5 shows the finished stent 100 in its tubular configuration.
• the stent 100 can be manufactured in many different possible designs.
• This illustrative embodiment shows a stent 100 with a combination of closed cells 102 for structural strength in the circumferential direction (i.e. radial strength) and open cells 104 for flexibility in the longitudinal direction.
• Each of the closed cells 102 is bordered by four approximately-linear struts 108 whose ends are joined together to form a diamond, rhombus or lozenge-shaped cell 102.
• the illustrated stent 100 has six cells 102 in the circumferential direction and four cells 102 in the longitudinal direction.
• This stent configuration can be envisioned as having four circumferential rings with six closed cells 102 each, which are joined by two linking struts 106 between each pair of adjacent rings. Many other stent, cell and strut configurations are possible.
• the stent 100 has a pair of slits 110 formed in it, for example by laser, waterjet, etching or machining, at preselected locations 2 for attachment of one or more radiopaque markers 120, as shown in FIG. 3.
• one pair of slits 110 for a radiopaque marker 120 is located near a distal end of the stent 100 and another pair of slits 110 for a radiopaque marker 120 is located near a proximal end of the stent 100.
• the two radiopaque markers 120 will be located diametrically opposite one another when the stent is in a cylindrical configuration, as shown in FIG. 5. Many other arrangements of the radiopaque markers 120 are possible.
• FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail drawing of a portion 2 of the stent 100 of FIG. 1 showing the configuration of the slits 110 for attaching a radiopaque marker 120.
• the pairs of slits 110 are each located at an X-shaped juncture between two adjacent cells 102 of the stent 100.
• the individual slits 110 are approximately rectangular and are positioned parallel to one another.
• FIG. 3 is a perspective drawing of a radiopaque marker 120 according to the present invention.
• the radiopaque marker 120 is in approximately the shape of a flat-top arch with two wall portions 122 joined across the top by a roof portion 124. The bottom edges of the walls 122 preferably have radiused corners 126.
• the radiopaque marker 120 is preferably made of a high-density, biocompatible material. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, tungsten, tantalum, tin and mixtures, blends, alloys or composites thereof.
• the radiopaque marker 120 can be made of a composite material, such as apolymer compounded with a high-density, biocompatible radiopaque filler material, for example barium sulfate (BaS0 4 ), bismuth trioxide (Bi 2 0 3 ), bismuth subcarbonate (Bi 2 0 2 C0 3 ), bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl), tungsten (W) or tungsten carbide (WC) powder.
• a composite material such as apolymer compounded with a high-density, biocompatible radiopaque filler material, for example barium sulfate (BaS0 4 ), bismuth trioxide (Bi 2 0 3 ), bismuth subcarbonate (Bi 2 0 2 C0 3 ), bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl), tungsten (W) or tungsten carbide (WC) powder.
• BaS0 4 barium sulfate
• the roof portion 124 of the radiopaque marker 120 may have a length and width of approximately 300-500 microns and a thickness of approximately 25-50 microns.
• the height of the two wall portions 122 will depend in part upon the thickness of the stent 100. With the current bioresorbable stent design, the height of the two wall portions 122 may be approximately 100-300 microns. Other dimensions may be used to accommodate other stent designs.
• the radiopaque markers 120 can be manufactures in a number of different ways. For example, a blank for a radiopaque marker 120 can be cut or punched from a sheet of radiopaque material of the desired thickness and then bent to the final shape. Alternatively, a channel of radiopaque material can be drawn or extruded through a shaped die and then cut to the desired length to form radiopaque markers 120. A sheet of radiopaque material of the appropriate thickness and width could also be drawn through a progressive shaping die to form a channel and then cut to the desired length to form radiopaque markers 120. Metal or polymer injection molding can be used to form radiopaque markers 120 in their final shape. Different shapes can also be accomplished.
• a blank for a radiopaque marker 120 with a circular or other shape roof portion 124 and rectangular walls 122 can be cut or punched from a sheet of radiopaque material of the desired thickness and then bent to the final shape.
• injection molding can be used to form radiopaque markers 120 of many different shapes.
• the radiopaque marker 120 can be made with one or more barbs, undercuts or protrusions on the vertical edges of the walls 122 to provide additional holding strength when attached to the stent 100.
• the walls 122 of the radiopaque marker 120 are inserted into the slits 110.
• An extremely tight press fit is not necessary and might hinder assembly of the radiopaque marker 120 to the stent 100.
• FIG. 4 is a perspective drawing of a heat treatment mold 150 used in a method for applying the radiopaque markers 120 to the stent 100.
• the heat treatment mold 150 includes an internal support rod or mandrel 152 and an outer mold 154.
• the outer mold 154 is made with a lower half and an upper half (not shown), which have a plurality o semicylindrical channels 156 machined into them.
• the internal support rod 152 and the outer mold 154 are preferably made of a metal, such as stainless steel or aluminium, which allows for rapid heating and cooling of the heat treatment mold 150.
• the internal support rod 152 and/or the outer mold 154 may be coated with a low-friction, heat-resistant material, such as PTFE.
• the internal support rod 152 is inserted into the lumen of the stent 100 and then the stent 100 and the internal support rod 152 are placed in one of the semicylindrical channels 156 in the lower half of the outer mold 154.
• the upper half of the outer mold 154 is placed over the stents 100 and the internal support rods 152 and the heat treatment mold 150 is clamped closed.
• FIG. 5 is a photograph of the completed vascular stent 100 with two radiopaque markers 120 constructed and assembled according to the present invention.
• FIG. 6 is an enlarged detail photograph of a portion of the vascular stent 100 of FIG. 5 showing one o fthe radiopaque markers 120.
• the stent 100 Prior to use, the stent 100 is crimped onto an inflatable balloon of a stent delivery catheter.
• the catheter is inserted into the patient's vasculature to deliver the stent 100 to a stenosis or narrowing in an artery or other vessel.
• the balloon is inflated to expand the stent 100 and appose it to the vessel wall.
• the balloon is then deflated and the catheter is withdrawn.
• the expanded stent 100 holds open the previously stenosed portion of the artery.
• the material of the stent 100 gradually decomposes over a period of months and is resorbed by the surrounding tissues, thus allowing the artery to remodel and return to its normal function.
• the bioresorbable stent does not leave behind a large amount of foreign material that might cause inflammation, which could lead to restenosis or late stent thrombosis. Only the small radiopaque markers 120 are left in place, which serves as a fluoroscopic landmark so that the treated area of the vessel can be located during follow-up angiograms. Precious metal radiopaque markers, such as gold or platinum-series metals, are extremely biocompatible and do not pose a danger of causing inflammation.
• the bioresorbable stent may include an antiproliferative agent, such as paclitaxel, sirolimus (rapamycin) or another limus-family drug, in the form of a coating or compounded into the polymer for extended release.
• an antiproliferative agent such as paclitaxel, sirolimus (rapamycin) or another limus-family drug

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Transplantation (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
• Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

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Citations (4)

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• 2013
  • 2013-10-24 BR BR112015009302A patent/BR112015009302A2/pt active Search and Examination
  • 2013-10-24 JP JP2015538435A patent/JP2015532192A/ja active Pending
  • 2013-10-24 AU AU2013336672A patent/AU2013336672B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2013-10-24 EP EP13783517.9A patent/EP2911621B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2013-10-24 CN CN201380055950.8A patent/CN104918585B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-10-24 PL PL13783517T patent/PL2911621T3/pl unknown
  • 2013-10-24 ES ES13783517.9T patent/ES2692288T3/es active Active
  • 2013-10-24 WO PCT/EP2013/072239 patent/WO2014064180A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2013-10-24 US US14/438,377 patent/US10058436B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-10-24 TR TR2018/15547T patent/TR201815547T4/en unknown
  • 2013-10-24 CA CA2887879A patent/CA2887879A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2015
  • 2015-05-22 ZA ZA2015/03630A patent/ZA201503630B/en unknown

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