WO2014060102A1

WO2014060102A1 - Systems comprising a plurality of shafts and connecting channel

Info

Publication number: WO2014060102A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/003119
Authority: WO
Inventors: Albert Sepp; Peter Rutschmann; Maria HORNBACH
Original assignee: Technische Universität München
Priority date: 2012-10-17
Filing date: 2013-10-17
Publication date: 2014-04-24
Also published as: EP2909378B1; EP2909378A1; BR112015008506A2; CA2887328A1; DE102012020456A1; US20150285209A1; US9587619B2; CL2015000965A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaft power plant (1) for generating electricity by energy conversion of an outflow between upper water (2) and lower water (3) in a river, comprising at least two power plant modules (6) having one vertical shaft (23) in each case that is open towards the upper side, the shaft crown of which shaft forms an inflow plane (16) that is essentially parallel to the river bed, which inflow plane extends under the water level (21) of the upper water (2), and a turbine-generator unit (27) that is arranged in the shaft (23), and an ecological connecting channel (8), preferably between the two power plant modules (6), wherein the connecting channel (8) is formed as an outflow from the upper water (2) into the lower water (3) without generating electricity by energy conversion.

Description

Multiple shaft installations and connecting channels

description

The invention relates to a shaft power plant with several shafts for power generation by energy conversion of an outflow between the upper water and underwater in a river, as well as an ecological connecting channel in a transverse structure in a river.

The state of the art knows various designs for hydropower plants in rivers. As a rule, a transverse structure is erected in the river, and the dammed-up water is processed in a bank-side position via turbines with an accessible powerhouse. The problem with conventional designs is always the great interference in the natural flow and the resulting negative ecological influences, especially on the continuity for living beings in the watercourse.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a shaft power plant that allows efficient use of hydropower in a river with the best possible nature and cost-effective production. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide for a baffle an effective ecological element in the form of an ecological connection clot that allows cost-effective production a nature-compatible continuity of a transverse structure in a river for aquatic organisms and preferably also includes a natural replacement habitat with almost original flow conditions.

The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. The subclaims each have preferred developments of the invention to the subject. Thus, the object is achieved by a shaft power plant for power generation by energy conversion of an outflow between the upper water and underwater in a river, comprising at least two power plant modules, each with a vertical, open-topped shaft, the shaft crown forms a substantially salaried inlet level, which below the water level of the Upper water runs, and arranged in the shaft turbine generator unit, preferably in a horizontal to vertical arrangement. Furthermore, the shaft power plant includes an ecological connecting channel. The connecting channel is preferably arranged between the at least two power plant modules. The connecting channel is formed as a drain from the upper water into the underwater without power generation by energy conversion.

The ecological connection channel is preferably arranged between the at least two power plant modules. Alternatively, the connecting channel can also be arranged next to the power station modules, ie between a shore and a power station module. In the ecological connecting channel, an outflow that can not be used for energy flows, which constantly ensures the continuity from the underwater into the upper water and vice versa. The connecting channel, for example, with a natural river, preferably in the middle of the river, forms a valuable habitat with dynamic flow conditions and a passability between the two water bodies (upstream and downstream). The ecological connection channel can also be designed in a technical construction. Each arrangement of the power plant modules close to the shore has the advantage of direct accessibility. The power plant modules each have a vertical, open-topped shaft. The shaft crowns form an inlet plane, preferably a substantially horizontal inlet plane. In this inlet level, a rake is arranged, preferably with small bar spacings. The inlet level with the rake is essentially sohlparallel and runs below the water level of the upper water. As a result, the complete inlet level with the rake under water is arranged. In each shaft is a turbine-generator unit for power generation by energy conversion of the drain. By using a plurality of power plant modules, each with a shaft and a turbine generator unit, preferably in a horizontal to vertical arrangement, the shaft power plant according to the invention can be modular. The fact that several shafts are used, correspondingly small turbine generator units can be used. The turbine generator units are completely sunk in the shaft and it requires no additional drained access to the turbine generator units. The electricity is generated directly in the turbine generator units under water. It is preferably provided that the connecting channel extends from the outlet of the power plant modules to the upper water. The inclination of the connecting clot on average, measured over the entire length in the flow direction, is preferably at least 1:20, preferably at least 1:25, particularly preferably at least 1:30, and can in principle be even flatter, in particular when the ramp construction is resolved. This ensures that there is no dead-end flow through the entry-level arrangement at the level of the suction hose outlet for the fish, and, secondly, optimal findability is ensured. The flat gradient ensures problem-free through-swimming between entry on the upstream side into a migration channel and the power plant inlet. An exploded ramp construction includes, for example, intermediate tanks in the connecting channel. The inclination is defined as "height to length" (height: length) .In particular, the height of fall is decisive here, so that, for example, with a drop height of 4m and a required inclination of 1:20, the length of the connecting clot is 80m in that a length of the connecting coagulum is preferably at least 20 times, preferably at least 25 times, particularly preferably at least 30 times, the height of fall between the upper water and the underwater.The design of the inclination and length preferably takes place according to averaged values for A width of the connecting channel, measured transversely to the direction of flow, is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 15%, of the flow width via the turbine generator units available s Teht, as long as the expansion outflow is not reached. The expansion drain is the maximum possible flow through the turbine generator units. However, the connecting channel forms the natural course of the river as far as possible, so that a large-scale design also creates a large-scale habitat with natural flowing water dynamics. The dimensioning of the connection clot can be done according to the ecological importance of the watercourse.

The connection channel ends in the direction of flow of the watercourse approximately at the height of the power plant modules. Upstream swimming fish usually follow the strongest currents and thus swim towards the power plant modules. The fact that the connecting channel ends at the power plant modules, the fish find a short way to the connecting channel in the middle of the river. Preferably, the shaft power plant comprises a trough-shaped depression in the transition from the suction hose to the riverbed and thus comprises a tipping basin. The Tosbecken used for energy conversion in the outlet structure, is located at the outlets of the power plant modules and preferably extends over the entire river width. As a result, the Tosbecken is also arranged between the connecting channel and the further course of the underwater. The stilling basin is necessary for all outflows that are not turbinated, for which a controlled energy conversion takes place in the form of a hydraulic change in order to avoid collisions that could endanger stability.

The difference in height from the sole in the connecting channel to Tosbecken is much lower than the difference in height from the inlet level at the shaft crowns to Tosbecken. The bottom course from the connecting channel, in particular via the tipping basin, to the underwater sole is preferably designed to be fish-permeable in order to enable the fish to climb from the underwater into the connecting channel and into the upper water. This fischdurchgängige embodiment is preferably designed as Sohlgleite and / or Raugerinne and / or Beckenpass and / or dissolved Sohlrampe. Furthermore, the transition from the connecting channel into the underwater and the connecting channel itself preferably have different water depths. This creates shallow water zones that are used by certain living beings.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that a lateral fish ascent is arranged between each of the two banks of the river and the respectively adjacent power plant module. As a result, there are three possibilities for fish ascent, namely the two lateral fish ascents and the connecting channel, which are available to the upstream-swimming fish over a wide area.

Preferably, the connecting channel is bounded on both sides by a respective channel wall. The channel walls preferably extend parallel to the banks of the river. The channel walls are perpendicular to the sole or are inclined relative to the vertical. In particular, the channel walls are formed over the entire length of the connecting channel. The channel walls are higher than the entry level at the shaft crowns. In particular, a certain upper water level is assumed. This upper water level is defined as the height of the upper water above the inlet level with the, in particular horizontal, rake. The stowage position is designed so that as a rule an upper water level is ensured with sufficient cover, preferably 0.5 to 5 m, above the inlet level and thus above the rake. The height of the channel walls is preferably above this upper water level, so that as a rule no outflow extends laterally beyond the channel walls. away is discharged into the connecting channel. The connecting channel is only at least partially open at its end faces, so that flows in on the upstream side with minimal upper water level, the ecologically required base drain into the connecting channel and flows out through the underwater entrance or on the underwater side end. In special cases, especially in very large and wide rivers, openings can also be made in the side walls, creating further flow paths and hiking options. The base drain is the constantly required minimum drain to meet ecological requirements. At the upstream end of the inlet cross section in the connecting channel is preferably partially installed by Störsteine. By this preferably narrowed arrangement of the inflow can be dimensioned in the connecting channel. The underwater side end is arranged approximately at the power plant modules.

The several power plant modules of the shaft power plant according to the invention form a transverse structure, which preferably extends substantially over the entire flow width. This transverse structure is broken by the connecting channel. Preferably, the connecting channel is arranged in the middle of the river. Particularly preferably, at least two of the power plant modules, each having a shaft and a turbine generator unit, are located on both sides of the connecting channel.

The shafts of each power plant module include a first shaft wall and a second shaft wall. The first shaft wall faces the underwater. The second shaft wall faces the upper water. Between the two shaft walls extending partitions of the shaft. These partitions thus form the boundary between two adjacent shafts. In particular, each shaft has its own horizontal computing plane in its entry plane. The rakes can also be inclined by up to +/- 10 ° with respect to the horizontal plane.

In the first shaft walls first closure elements are arranged. In particular, it is provided that a first closure element is arranged in each first shaft wall of each shaft. The first closure element is in particular a movable protective panel. The height of the first closure elements defines the stowage position and thus the upper water level. During normal operation of the shaft power plant, that is to say when the outflow via the turbine generator units is processed, the first closure elements are adjusted so that they are always and permanently overflowed. A part of the outflow thus does not flow through the rake and through the turbine generator units, but directly over the first shutter elements away into the sink or into the underwater. This permanent overflow As far as possible, it is possible to prevent the formation of vortices above the inlet level or over the rake and at the same time allow the fish to swim from the upper water into the underwater via the first closure elements. In particular, recesses in different heights, so-called landing windows, are installed in the first closure elements in order to ensure sufficient flow cross-section for the fish to descend with the permanent overflow. Furthermore, the first closure elements are preferably designed so that they can be raised, for example, time-controlled. By lifting the first closure elements creates a gap between the computing area and the lower edge of the first closure elements. Fish that move on the ground, such as eels, can travel downstream through this gap.

In order to avoid an excessive flow velocity through the rake into the shaft, the rake and the overlap must be made large enough. The overlap here defines the water level above the rake. By a correspondingly large rake with small bar spacing at each shaft can be ensured that the fish not pressed to the rake and not through the shaft and the turbine generator units, but with the permanent overflow or overflow and underflow of the descent windows on the first Immerse the closure elements in a water pad to be ensured and swim away into the underwater.

The optimum area of the rake is calculated from a factor F multiplied by the outflow in cubic meters per second flowing through the shaft and through the associated turbine-generator unit. The factor F is preferably between 2 and 10, in particular between 2.5 and 10. The unit of the factor must be chosen per second per meter, so that ultimately an area of the rake in square meters results. For example, if the discharge per shaft is 10 cubic meters per second and the factor F is 2.5 seconds per meter, the area of the rake is 25 m ² . The rake and thus also the cross sections of the shafts are preferably rectangular in plan view, wherein preferably a ratio of width to length of the rake is between 1/5 and 5.

The shafts preferably adjoin one another directly on the respective side of the connecting channel, so that water only flows into the shafts via the second shaft walls.

Preferably, second closure elements are provided in the second shaft walls. These second closure elements are located between the inlet level or the rake and the upper water. In particular, the second closure elements are arranged so that they directly adjoin one another on the respective side of the connection clot. That's it possible to dry all the shafts on one side of the connecting clot at the same time by closing the second closure elements. This allows a simple revision, for example, the turbine generator units and the rake cleaning in the shafts. The second closure elements can be realized, for example, by hose weirs or by movable flaps or by simple dam beams (installation and removal, for example, with a mobile crane).

In particular, it is provided that a second closure element is arranged on each shaft.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the second closure elements can be moved in at least three positions. In the lowest position, the second closure elements are fully open and allow the unimpeded inlet of the water into the shafts. In the uppermost position, an upper edge of the second closure elements is above the upper water level, so that the shafts are drained. In an intermediate position, a hydraulic energy is generated with the formation of a flow change over the computing plane, so that a rinsing effect takes place above the respective rake.

The shaft power plant is thus integrated into a combined weir system, wherein in particular the first closure elements can be used for discharge-dependent water level control. The upper edge of the side walls of the connecting channel is preferably above the minimum water level. If the inflow is greater than the expansion drain, you can increase the upper water level, which in addition to the larger drop height and a controlled increase in discharge via the front side to the connecting channel. As a result, another positive ecological effect can be achieved by increasing the flow dynamics in the connecting channel. The high water discharge takes place by lowering the first closure elements and very powerful with increasing upper water level due to the large overflow length along the side walls, in particular along the front side walls of the connecting channel. The structural design of the ecological connection clot should be largely stable to flooding, in particular, the edge areas are to be attached.

In each of the wells, a turbine-generator unit is arranged. The turbine generator units are designed in particular as dive turbines with integrated generator. This means that it does not require any dry access to the turbine generator units. The turbine generator units are attached with their outlet side to a wall or at a bottom of the shaft. Through the outlet side and through the wall or through the floor, the drain flows underwater. Except for the outlet side the turbine generator units in the shafts are completely surrounded by water. Of the turbine generator units leads only a current-carrying line or lines for the drives to the outside to the shore. On the shore, for example, in a smaller technical building, the transformer station for feeding the energy obtained in a power grid. In addition, in the underwater shaft wall preferably an opening can be installed in the lower edge region, whereby in addition to a constant flushing of the shaft chamber also a possible harmless descent path into the underwater for small fish is available that have passed the rake. The shaft power plant preferably comprises devices for cleaning the rake. For this purpose, a cleaning bar is preferably arranged on each rake. The cleaning bar is formed in particular comb-like. Due to the comb-like design of the cleaning bar can intervene in the spaces between the individual bars. For cleaning, the cleaning bar is moved parallel to the rake. This movement of the cleaning bars is carried out by telescopic cylinders. In particular, a rake is provided per shaft. A cleaning bar is provided for each rake and each cleaning bar is moved with preferably two parallel telescopic cylinders. The bars of the rake preferably extend in the flow direction. Accordingly, the cleaning bar is moved back and forth parallel to the direction of flow and the screenings are transported into the underwater by briefly opening the first closing elements. The telescopic cylinders are preferably located on a cantilever of the shafts. This cantilever forms an extension of the upper ends of the second shaft walls.

The shaft power plant according to the invention is particularly suitable for large military sites. The individual shafts of the power plant modules are located below the water level and are therefore not visible from the outside. Due to the permanent overflow, the first closure elements are also under water. The invention takes into account not only the hydraulic requirements of hydraulics, sediment transport and flood capability in particular the demand of fish protection and ecological continuity. The connecting channel represents a fish ascent and an additional fish descent in the middle of the river, and also serves as a continuity for microorganisms in the river. The turbine generator units used directly generate the electricity and are completely submerged in the well. To the outside, only one power line or supply lines must be routed to the technical room. With correspondingly wide rivers, several of the ecological connecting channels according to the invention can be used. Preferably, however, a wide connecting channel is used to ensure the accessibility of the power plant modules from the banks. Due to the geometric dimensions and the constructive integration with sealing walls before and after the power plant modules, the shafts including the intake manifold connection form the supporting body and thus the transverse structure. The tamping basin, after the power plant modules as well as after the connecting channel, is used for energy conversion in the event of a flood discharge.

The multi-shaft power plant ensures that the riverbed is flowed through a large area during operation of the power plant, that optimum accessibility and findability for continuity is ensured, that the water bodies are linked to natural living conditions through a variable ecoflow and a dynamic water level control with non-stop penetration is enabled. The integrated design of power plant and weir is structurally and structurally particularly characterized in that at the same time a Staukörper-, Abflusssteuerungs-, Energieumwandlungs- and Durchgängigkeitsfunktion is met.

It is preferably provided that at least one fish guide channel is arranged transversely to the river downstream of the at least one power station module. The at least one fish guide channel leads the fish, which are ascending on lateral fish ladders, to the ecological connection channel. As a result, costly, from underwater to the upper water continuous, separate fish ladders can be saved. The fish guide trough is preferably attached directly to the shaft walls. The fish guide channel preferably has a width of 30 to 150 cm.

The invention further comprises an ecological connecting channel in a transverse structure in a river. In a river, the transverse structure separates an upstream water from an underwater, whereby the ecological connecting channel is formed as a continuous outflow from the upper water into the lower water without generating electricity by means of energy conversion. The ecological connection channel extends from the transverse construction towards the upper water. In the ecological connecting channel, an outflow that can not be used for energy flows, which constantly ensures the continuity from the underwater into the upper water and vice versa. The connecting channel, with a natural river, preferably in the middle of the river, forms a valuable habitat with dynamic flow conditions and permeability between the two bodies of water (upstream and downstream). According to the invention, the ecological connecting channel can thus also be used in a transverse structure. where the transverse structure does not have to be used for the use of hydropower. The transverse construction is designed either with movable closures or as a fixed weir.

In the transverse structure, the ecological connecting channel allows a continuity for aquatic organisms. The ecological connecting channel extends from the transverse structure towards the upper water, simulating the natural course of the river. The ecological connection channel breaks through an existing fixed or movable transverse structure to a significant part. The hydraulic, constructive breakthrough is accomplished so that on both sides of the ecological Verbindungsgerinnes preferably a vertical or inclined separation, wall and / or embankment is pulled into the upper water and between the separations, walls and / or slopes an inclined ramp to the height of the riverbed ins Upper water runs. The formation of the ecological connection clot can be designed very freely and almost arbitrarily both in terms of aesthetics (in terms of design, choice of material and planting) as well as with regard to the hydraulic mode of action and the creation of habitats. For large streams without energy use, it is preferable to have openings in the side walls, creating more flow paths and hiking options. The connecting channel ends approximately at the level of the transverse structure and is therefore easily findable for ascending fish. The drainage performance of the transverse structure at high water does not decrease despite the ecological connection clumping and thus a potential reduction of effluent effective width, or can even be increased depending on the design, since the connecting channel in the upper water of the transverse structure creates an additional strike length for spillway discharge. Preferably used closure elements on the frontal inlet into the connecting channel or along the lateral coating length, for example in the form of closures or hoses, allow control of the discharge capacity over the additional strike length in the event of a flood. The entire system can thus be charged with significant outflows and is still inexpensive to implement. The plant not only serves to ascend and descend, but also provides a habitat for aquatic organisms. The ecological connecting channel can be variably adapted to the living creatures and can be passed on by both small and large creatures.

The ecological connecting channel is preferably arranged between two parts of the transverse structure. Alternatively, the ecological connecting channel can also be arranged next to the transverse structure, ie between a bank and the transverse structure. In the case of multi-field weir systems, a closure field can preferably be replaced by an ecological connecting channel. The tendency of the ecological connection clot on average, measured over the entire length in the flow direction, is preferably at least 1:20, preferably at least 1:25, particularly preferably at least 1:30, and can be even flatter when the ramp construction is resolved. This ensures that, on the one hand, there is no dead-end flow for the fish and, on the other hand, optimum traceability is ensured. A length of the ecological connection clot is preferably at least 20 times, preferably at least 25 times, particularly preferably at least 30 times, the height of fall between the upper water and the underwater. The design of the inclination and length preferably takes place according to averaged values of the outflow and the drop height.

A width of the ecological connection clot, measured transversely to the direction of flow, is preferably at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 15%, preferably at least 20%, preferably at least 25%, particularly preferably at least 30% of the flow width. Thus, the ecological connection channel as far as possible recreates the natural course of the river, so that a broad design also creates a large-scale habitat with natural flowing water dynamics. The dimensioning of the ecological connection clot can be done according to the ecological value of the watercourse. The ecological connecting channel ends in the direction of flow of the river, preferably at about the height of the transverse structure. This allows fish to find their way to the ecological connecting channel, for example in the middle of the river.

Preferably, the transverse structure comprises a tipping basin. The tamping basin is used for energy conversion in the outlet structure and preferably extends over the entire flow width. As a result, the Tosbecken also between the ecological connection channel and the further course of the underwater is arranged.

The bottom course from the ecological connecting channel, in particular via the tipping basin, to the underwater sole is preferably designed to be fish-permeable in order to enable fish to climb from the underwater into the ecological connecting channel and into the upper channel. This fischdurchgängige embodiment is preferably designed as Sohlgleite and / or Raugerinne and / or Beckenpass and / or dissolved Sohlrampe. Furthermore, the transition from the ecological connecting channel into the underwater and / or the ecological connection channel itself preferably have different water depths. This creates shallow water zones that are used by certain living beings. The static design of the ecological connection clot should be on the towing forces be designed for flood discharge or on the hydraulic energy through the raid flow. The bottom substrate must be checked during flood drains and topped up if necessary. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that a lateral fish ladder is arranged between each of the two banks of the river and the adjacent transverse structure. As a result, there are three possibilities for fish ascent, namely the two lateral fish ascents and the ecological connecting channel, which are available to the upstream-swimming fish.

Preferably, the ecological connecting channel is bounded on both sides by a channel wall. The channel walls preferably extend parallel to the banks of the river. The channel walls are perpendicular to the sole or are inclined relative to the vertical. In particular, the channel walls are formed over the entire length of the ecological connection clot. The height of the channel walls is at least partially preferably above the upper water level, so that as a rule, that is, small and medium-sized rivers, no outflow is discharged laterally over the channel walls away in the ecological connection channel. In the case of large streams without energy use, openings can be made in the side walls, which creates further flow paths and migration options. The ecological connection channel is preferably at least partially open only on its front sides, so that the ecologically required base drain flows into the ecological connecting channel via the upper water side end with minimum upper water level and flows out via the underwater inlet or the underwater side. The base drain is the constantly required, minimum drain to meet ecological requirements. At the upstream end of the inlet cross section in the ecological connecting channel is preferably partially installed by Störsteine. By this preferably narrowed arrangement of the inflow can be dimensioned in the ecological connection channel. The underwater side end is arranged approximately at the power plant modules. In particular, on the upstream side of the ecological connection clot and on the lateral coating edges, a closure element or closure elements can be installed to regulate the outflow.

With correspondingly wide rivers, several of the ecological connecting channels according to the invention can be used. However, preference is given to using a broad ecological connecting channel. It is preferably provided that at least one fish guide channel is arranged transversely to the river below the transverse structure. The at least one fish channel leads the fish ascending in lateral ascent systems to the ecological connecting channel. This can save costly, separate fish ladders. The fish guide trough is preferably attached directly to the transverse structure. Preferably, the fish guide channel has a width of 30 to 150 cm.

The migration of aquatic organisms in the ecological connecting channel happens in an active or passive way. The passive lettering of living things happens at high tide and is guaranteed even from obstacles from top to bottom. Aquatic creatures also provide active descent across transversal structures, as long as the flow is ensured, usually without damage and therefore, above all, to ensure the rise. Living beings, who want to move from the bottom to the top in the river, usually arrive at transverse structures. If natural or artificial lifts are created, there is always the question of findability and thus closely linked to the question of the quantitative feed of these plants. The ecological connection channel according to the invention creates optimal conditions for findability because the entry into the connection channel is arranged in the same cross-section and in the immediate vicinity of the obstacle or of the competing flow patterns.

The ecological connecting channel according to the invention has the decisive advantage that it not only has optimal findability, but that it can also be hydraulically optimally applied according to ecological criteria and geometrically, materially and with an adapted planting can be designed and therefore an additional habitat for aquatic organisms is given.

Previously known migration aids generally have to fit alongside existing transverse structures and can not be integrated into the transverse structures, since in particular a high level of maintenance would be required and only limited functionality is available if there is insufficient maintenance. For the most part, these migration aids are also designed with quite modest dimensions and water supplies. The inventive ecological communication channel in the form described herein can obtain considerable dimensions and feeds without detracting from the capacity of existing weirs as the communication channel increases the length of the raid edges (stroke lengths) and decouples the effluent over the strike length from the overflow across the transverse edge and thus allows a considerable increase in the flow of existing weirs. It is thus possible, when using the connecting clot according to the invention even a contribution to the flood! or to relieve individual weir fields in mobile weirs in favor of ecological connection clumping, without the capacity of the weir being diminished or even being increased in certain outflow areas. Care must be taken to ensure a stable design.

The cost of ecological clinking depends very much on the definition of the main guide fish or their size. Migration aids for salmon and especially sturgeons can take very large dimensions and thus high costs. A broad education of the presented here ecological connection clot structurally represents a relatively simple solution.

The ecological connecting channel according to the invention can be designed in any variability. This concerns the width of the ecological connection clot, the design of the lateral boundaries, the hydraulic and static designs, the materials used and the hydraulic optimization with functional elements. In particular, it is envisaged that the ecological connecting channel will be carried out very readily and that different areas will be created for small, large, low-swimming and high-swimming creatures. The ecological connecting channel can not only offer aquatic organisms an opportunity to ascend, but also create habitats. This is achieved by adapting the geometry and charging with water or by using different materials and appropriate planting. The coating edges can optionally be made flexible, e.g. with closures or hose weirs. Thus, a controlled control of the upper water level, the ecological connection trough feed and the flood performance is possible. For the fish descent or fish ascent bypass solutions can be selected, the migrating organisms at relevant "collecting points pick up" and transferred to the ecological connection channel.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a shaft power plant according to the invention according to a first

Embodiment,

2 shows the marked in Fig. 1 section A-A,

3 shows the marked in Fig. 1 section BB, 4 shows the marked in Fig. 1 section CC,

5 shows a unit of two power plant modules of the shaft power plant according to the invention according to the first embodiment in detail,

6 shows the sections D-D and E-E marked in FIG. 5, FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a detail of the shaft power plant according to the invention according to the first exemplary embodiment for rake cleaning, FIG.

8-10 the section D-D marked in FIG. 5 in three different operating states, FIG.

1 1 shows a detail of the first embodiment,

12 is a plan view of an ecological connection channel in a transverse structure according to a second embodiment, and

Fig. 13 is a plan view of an ecological connection channel in a transverse structure according to a third embodiment.

A first exemplary embodiment of the shaft power plant 1 will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11. Fig. 1 shows a plan view of the shaft power plant 1 in a flow. FIGS. 2 to 4 show sectional views of FIG. 1.

The river is divided into an upper water 2 and an underwater 3. The river is bounded by banks 5 on the side. Between the two banks 5, a flow width 4 is defined.

The shaft power plant 1 is composed of several juxtaposed power plant modules 6, an ecological connection channel 8 and a Tosbecken 7. The ecological connection channel 8 is arranged in the middle of the river. Four power plant modules 6 are each located on the side of the ecological connection channel 8. The total of eight power plant modules 6 together form a transverse structure in the river. This transverse structure is broken by the connecting channel 8. The Tosbecken 7 extends over the entire flow width 4 and thus serves for the energy conversion of a flood discharge over the entire flow width. 4

Furthermore, 5 lateral fish climbs 22 are arranged between the outermost power plant modules 6 and the respective shore. On the banks 5 are transformers 3 for feeding the electricity generated in a power grid.

With the connecting channel 8 as far as possible a traversable, ecological habitat is modeled. As a result, the connecting channel 8 can be used for fish ascent and fish descent and for the patency of microorganisms. The connecting channel 8 comprises two channel walls 9. The channel walls 9 extend parallel to the banks 5 and thus delimit the connection channel 8 from the side relative to the remaining flow path. At the two end faces 10, the connecting channel is open, so that the water flows in on the upper water side via an end face 10 and flows out into the underwater 3 via the other end face 10.

The underwater 3 facing end face 10 forms an end 14 of the connecting channel 8 at the height of the power plant modules 6. Upstream floating fish usually follow the strongest flow and thus often swim first to the power plant modules 6th fact that the end 14 of the connecting channel 8 at the power plant modules 6 is located, find the fish on a short path into the connecting channel 8 and thus have, in addition to the lateral fish climbs 22, also in the middle of the river a way to climb. A length 1 1 of the connecting channel 8 is preferably determined as a function of the drop height. Thus, the length 1 1 is at least 20 times the height of fall, resulting in an inclination of 1:20. A width 12 of the connection clot 8 is preferably at least 5% of the flow width 4. The inclination of a sole 15 in the connecting channel 8 with the installation of sturgeon and Sohlsubstrat follows as far as possible the formation of natural flow characteristics and ensuring required flow depths. For attachment of the sole 15 in the connecting channel 8 are Sohlbefestigungen 25, for example, loose or paved stones provided. Each power plant module 6 has its own shaft 23. Each shaft 23 has a first shaft wall 24 and a second shaft wall 25. The first shaft wall 24 faces the underwater 3. The second shaft wall 25 faces the upper water 2. be- Furthermore, each shaft 23 comprises a shaft bottom 17. The two shaft walls 24, 25, two of the intermediate walls 26 and the shaft bottom 17 define the vertical shaft 23. At the top, the so-called Schachtkrone, the shaft 23 is open. Here is a horizontal computing plane. The rake and thus also the manhole crown define an inlet level 16. This inlet level 16 is arranged sohlparallel. By an appropriate accumulation of bedding, forms in the upper water 2 a sole in front of the power plant modules 6 approximately at the level of the inlet level 16. In each shaft 23 is a turbine generator unit 27. Each turbine generator unit 27 has an outlet side 29. With this outlet side 29, the turbine generator unit 27 is mounted on the first shaft wall 24. In the turbine generator unit 27, the generation of electricity takes place directly. Thus, it only requires a live line and any supply lines for the control of each turbine generator unit 27 to the shore 5 to the transformers 13. With the exception of the outlet 29, the turbine generator units 27 in the wells 23 are completely surrounded by water.

In particular, section C-C in FIG. 4 shows that a suction hose 28 is formed per shaft 23. The suction hoses lead the outflow discharged through the turbine generator units 27 to the sump 7 and thus to the underwater 3.

In each slot 23, a first closure member 31 is provided. The first closure elements 31 are arranged in the first shaft walls 24. The first closure elements 31 can be moved up and down, so that an upper water level 21 is adjustable through the upper edge of the first closure elements 31. The upper water level 21 is defined as the water level above the rake or above the inlet level 16.

In particular, FIG. 4 shows a permanent overflow 30 of the first closure elements 31. In normal operation of the shaft power plant 1, i. When power is generated, this permanent overflow 30 preferably always takes place, so that fish can migrate away over the first closure elements 31.

Starting from the inlet level 16 or the rake, the upper water level 21 is defined. Furthermore, the inlet level 16 defines a shaft depth 19, which is measured from the inlet level 16 to the respective shaft bottom 17. A depth 18 of the connecting channel 8 is defined between the sole 15 in the connecting channel 8 and the inlet plane 16. A wall height 20 of the channel wall 9 is defined between an upper edge of the channel wall 9 and the inlet level 16. A high water level 24 is also measured starting from the inlet level 16.

In particular, FIG. 2 shows the upper water level 21 in the normal operation of the shaft power plant 1. The wall height 20 is greater than the upper water level 21, as a result of which no drain runs laterally into the connection channel 8. However, the high water level 24 may be above the wall height 20, so that at high water from all three sides outflow into the connecting channel 8 runs. The sole 15 in the connection channel 8 is more inclined than the sole in front of the power plant modules 6. As a result, the sole 15 at the end 14 of the connecting channel 8 below the inlet plane 16. In particular, the depth 18 at the end 14 is selected so that the sole 15 above the Shaft bottom 17 of the shafts 23 is located. Fig. 5 shows two of the power plant modules 6, which are combined to form a unit 32, in plan view. Each power plant module 6 comprises a cleaning bar 33 for cleaning the rake in the inlet plane 16. The cleaning bar 33 are in particular formed like a comb. For cleaning, the cleaning bars 33 are moved back and forth on the rake. The movement of the cleaning bar 33 takes place in the exemplary embodiment by telescopic cylinder 35.

FIG. 6 shows the sections D-D and E-E of FIG. 5. The section D-D indicates that the second shaft walls 25 comprise a cantilever arm 34. This cantilever arm 34 forms an extension of the manhole crown extending in the direction of the upper water 2 on the second shaft wall 25. On the cantilever arm 34, the telescopic cylinders 35 are fastened. To protect the telescopic cylinder 35 before attachment, covers 36 are provided. The unit 32 of two adjacent power plant modules 6 shows the adjacent arrangement of two telescopic cylinders 35 in the middle. These two telescopic cylinders 35 can be protected by a common, in particular semi-cylindrical, cover 36. This is shown in detail in FIG. 7. Slots are provided in the covers 36 in order to connect the telescopic cylinders 35 to the cleaning bars 33.

Furthermore, FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of second closure elements 37 in the cantilever arms 34. In particular, a second closure element 37 is arranged on each power plant module 6. The second closure element 37 is realized in the embodiment shown as a flap. The second closure elements 37 are tiltable about a rotational axis transverse to the flow direction. 8 to 10 show the section DD in different operating positions of the second closure element 37. According to FIG. 8, the second closure elements 37 can be completely set up so that the shafts 23 are drained. This allows a simple revision, for example on the turbine generator units 27. FIG. 10 shows the closure element 27 in a completely folded-in position. Here, a free drain into the wells 23 is possible. 9 shows an intermediate position of the second closure elements 37 for generating a strong flow. With this strong flow, the inlet area can be rinsed. When flushing the inlet region and thus the computing surface, the first closure elements 31 are fully opened. FIG. 11 shows the use of a fish guide channel 38 for the first exemplary embodiment. The fish guide channel 38 is arranged on the first shaft wall 24 and is located at least partially in the underwater. This fish guide channel 38 leads ascending fish transversely to the flow direction of the flow to the ecological connection channel 8. By using the fish guide channel 38 lateral fish ascents 22 can be saved. Alternatively, it is also possible that the Fischführungsrinne 38 leads not only to the ecological connection channel 8 but also to laterally used fish climbs 22. In order to protect the Fischführungsrinne 38 from the raiding beam, especially against bedding and driftwood, especially when lowered closure position, this is preferably limited to the top with a roof 39.

FIG. 12 shows a top view of the ecological connecting channel 8 in a transverse structure 40. In the second exemplary embodiment, the outflow is not used for generating electrical energy. Instead of the power plant modules 6 only a transverse structure 40 is arranged. This transverse structure 40 is broken by the already described ecological connecting channel 8. Identical or functionally identical components are provided with the same reference numerals in the first embodiment and in the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 shows a plan view of the ecological connection channel 8 in a transverse structure 40, which is formed by a multiplicity of weir fields 42. In this case, a weir field 42 is replaced by an ecological connecting channel 8. The weir fields 42 are closable by closures 43, wherein the degree of closure by the closures 43 is adjustable. Analogous to the first embodiment and the second embodiment are the same or functionally identical components in the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment provided with the same reference numerals.

The Fischführungsrinne 38 described with reference to FIG. 1 1 can also be used on the transverse structure 40 of the second embodiment or the third embodiment.

FIG. 4 and FIG. 11 show, for both exemplary embodiments, the formation of a basin 41 for a water cushion beneath the power station modules 6 and the transverse structure 40. This basin 41 enables descending fish to dive into the underwater 3 without damage the pool 41 to swim in the Fischführungsrinne 38.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 shaft power plant

2 upper water

3 underwater

4 flow width

5 shore

6 power plant modules

7 taps

8 ecological connecting channel

9 Double-sided channel wall

10 faces

1 1 length

12 width

13 transformer

14 End of the connection clot

15 sole in the connecting channel

16 inlet level with horizontal rake

17 shaft bottoms

18 Depth of the connection channel 9 shaft depth

20 wall height

21 upper water level

22 lateral fish ascents

23 shaft

24 First shaft wall

25 Second shaft wall

26 partitions

27 turbine generator unit

28 suction hose

29 outlet side

30 permanent overflow

31 First closure element

32 Unit from two power plant modules 33 Cleaning bar

34 cantilever

35 telescopic cylinders cover

Second closure elements Fish guide trough roof

transverse structure

Cymbals for water pad Wehrfeld

shutter

Claims

Patent claims

Shaft power plant (1) for generating electricity by converting energy into a drain between upper water (2) and lower water (3) in a river, comprising

• at least two power plant modules (6) each

- a vertical, upwardly open shaft (23), the shaft crown of which forms an inlet plane (16) essentially parallel to the bottom, which runs below the water level (21) of the headwater (2), and

- a turbine generator unit (27) arranged in the shaft (23), and

• an ecological connecting channel (8), preferably between the at least two power plant modules (6), the connecting channel (8) being designed as a drain from the upper water (2) into the lower water (3) without generating electricity through energy conversion.

Shaft power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting channel (8) extends from the power plant modules (6) towards headwater (2), an average inclination of the connecting channel being at least 1:20, preferably at least 1:25, particularly preferably at least 1 :30.

Shaft power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting channel (8) extends from the power plant modules (6) towards headwater (2), with a length (1 1) of the connecting channel (8) being at least 20 times, preferably is at least 25 times, particularly preferably at least 30 times, a fall height between the upper water (2) and the lower water (3).

Shaft power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting channel (8) ends at the level of the power plant modules (6).

Shaft power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bottom course from the connecting channel (8) to the bottom of the underwater (3) is designed to be fish-passageable, the fish-passage design preferably having a bottom slide and/or a rough channel and/or a basin pass and/or or has a dissolved bottom ramp.

6. Shaft power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting channel (8) is delimited on both sides by a channel wall (9) and is at least partially open on the end faces (10).

7. Shaft power plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the channel walls (9) are higher than the inlet level (16) at the shaft tops.

8. Shaft power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the several power plant modules (6) form a transverse structure across the entire river width (4) of the river, the transverse structure being broken through by the connecting channel (8), in particular in the middle of the river is.

9. Shaft power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two power plant modules (6) are arranged on each side of the connecting channel (8).

10. Shaft power plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the shafts (23) each comprise a first shaft wall (24) facing the underwater (3), the first shaft walls (24) of all shafts (23) being on the respective side of the Connecting channel (8), border each other and thus form the transverse structure.

1 1. Shaft power plant according to claim 10, characterized in that first closure elements (31) are arranged in the first shaft walls (24), an unused outflow from the upper water (2) into the lower water (3) being adjustable by adjusting the first closure elements (31). is, and wherein the first closure elements (31) are permanently overflowed during normal operation of the shaft power plant (1).

12. Shaft power plant according to one of claims 9 to 1 1, characterized in that the shafts (23) each comprise a second shaft wall (25) facing the upper water (2), the second shaft walls (25) of all shafts (23), on the respective side of the connecting channel (8), border one another, with second closure elements (37) being arranged on the second shaft walls (25), and an inflow into the respective shaft (23) being adjustable by adjusting the second closure elements (37). .

13. Shaft power plant according to claim 12, characterized in that all second closure elements (37) on the respective side of the connecting channel (8) form a common closure level for simultaneously draining all shafts (23) on the respective side of the connecting channel (8).

14. Shaft power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turbine generator units (27) are attached with their outlet side (29) to a wall or the floor of the respective shaft (23), and are free with the exception of the outlet side (29). be surrounded by water.

15. Shaft power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a preferably horizontally arranged computing surface is provided in the inlet plane (16) parallel to the bottom.

16. Shaft power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the underwater side of the at least one power plant module (6), preferably on the power plant module (6), at least one fish guide trough (38) is arranged transversely to the soot, the at least one fish guide trough (38) to Connecting channel (8) leads.

17. Ecological connecting channel (8) in a transverse structure (40), the transverse structure (40) separating an upper water (2) from a lower water (3) in a river,

• wherein the ecological connecting channel (8) is designed as a constant flow from the upper water (2) into the lower water (3) without generating electricity through energy conversion, and

• the ecological connecting channel (8) extending from the transverse structure (40) towards the headwater (2),

18. Ecological connecting channel according to claim 17, characterized in that an average inclination of the ecological connecting channel (8) is at least 1:20, preferably at least 1:25, particularly preferably at least 1:30.

19. Ecological connecting channel according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that a length (11) of the ecological connecting channel (8) is at least 20 times, preferably at least 25 times, particularly preferably preferably at least 30 times the height of fall between the upper water (2) and the lower water (3).

20. Ecological connecting channel according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the ecological connecting channel (8) ends at the level of the transverse structure (40).

21. Ecological connecting channel according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that a bottom course from the ecological connecting channel (8) to the bottom of the underwater (3) is designed to be fish-passageable, the fish-passage design preferably having a bottom slide and/or a rough channel and/or a basin pass and/or has a dissolved bottom ramp.

22. Ecological connecting channel according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the ecological connecting channel (8) is delimited on both sides by a channel wall (9) and is at least partially open on the end faces (10).

23. Ecological connecting channel (8) according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that on the underwater side of the transverse structure (40), preferably on the transverse structure (40), at least one fish guide channel (38) is arranged transversely to the river, the at least one fish guide channel (38) leads to the ecological connecting channel (8).

24. Ecological connecting channel according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the transverse structure (40) at least partially comprises movable closures or is a fixed, immovable transverse structure (40).