WO2014046559A1

WO2014046559A1 - Internal combustion wave engine

Info

Publication number: WO2014046559A1
Application number: PCT/RU2012/000767
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Сергеевич КЛЕНИКОВ
Original assignee: Klenikov Sergey Sergeevich
Priority date: 2012-09-18
Filing date: 2012-09-18
Publication date: 2014-03-27

Abstract

An internal combustion wave engine converts the energy of fuel and compressed air being burned into mechanical energy of an output shaft. For the energy conversion, use is made of a single-wave or two-wave pneumatic stepping engine. The engine makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption and to increase efficiency, to reduce the mass and overall dimensions, to use cheaper and less strong materials and simpler manufacturing technology. The engine is simpler to control and makes it possible to change the speed and direction of rotation of the output shaft. In the engine, the fuel and air are fed into chambers under piston followers and, on burning, create pressure pulses there. Spraying the internal surfaces of the chambers with water at the moment at which the burning is finished cools said surfaces, increasing the pressure. The action of the piston followers on a flexible wheel produces a deformation wave therein, ensuring that said wheel engages with a rigid wheel. The torque which can be produced on the rigid wheel is transmitted directly or via a multiplier to the output shaft which can be rigidly connected to a gas turbine which can be set into rotation by the combustion products. In order to increase power, the engine makes it possible to combine a plurality of flexible wheels acting on a general rigid wheel.

Description

WAVE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Description of the invention

The wave internal combustion engine (VDVS) belongs to the field of mechanical engineering. The invention can find application in the drives of a wide variety of ground, surface, underwater and air transport systems, as well as in the drives of various power plants. The airborne internal combustion engine converts the energy of pulse-combustible fuel and the energy of pressurized air into the mechanical energy of the output shaft.

Performing the same functions of traditional internal combustion engines (all, both carburetor and injection, and diesel), the airborne internal combustion engine is distinguished by the fact that it uses the lever crank-slide mechanism (prototype) to convert thermal energy and compressed air energy into mechanical energy of the output shaft a significantly more balanced wave mechanism in the form of the invented two-wave [4.7] or single-wave stepper motor (HW) with wave gear teeth of cycloidal or circular shape. Closest to the proposed two-wave or single-wave HF is a plunger gas engine (analog) ("PLUNGER GAS-HYDRO ENGINE", patent RU 2330196 C1, publ. 07.27.2008 / Karakulov MN and others). It contains a housing, a flexible and rigid wheel and a wave generator, which is made in the form of a plunger wave former with a distributor in the form of a shaft with the working substance supply cavities displaced relative to its axis of symmetry in opposite circumferential directions. When the shaft rotates, the flow of the working fluid in the wave former is redistributed, the plungers of which, moving along the radial cylinders as a result of the pressure differential, deform the flexible wheel, creating a mobile deformation wave in it, and, as a result, the torque in the wave gear, which is reduced through the hard wheel to the output shaft of the engine.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The main disadvantage of such a gas hydraulic engine is the lack of a fundamental possibility of increasing the angular velocity of rotation of the deformation wave of the flexible wheel without increasing the angular velocity of rotation of the distributor shaft. That is, in such a gas engine, one revolution of the distributor shaft always corresponds to only one revolution of the deformation wave of the flexible wheel. Due to the high reduction in wave engagement, such an engine is substantially slow-moving, which makes it impossible to use it in the airborne engines.

The main technical problem to which this invention is directed is to provide a real possibility of obtaining substantially higher speeds of rotation of a mobile wave of deformation of a flexible wheel at very low speeds of reverse rotation of the input shaft of the distributor (pneumatic deformer). This property makes it possible and advisable to use the proposed single-wave or two-wave ID in the airborne forces, which, together with other signs of novelty, gives the engine a number of advantages.

With the same torque on the output shaft and at the same angular speed of rotation due to a significant decrease in the level of dynamic loads, a sharp decrease (by several times) in the surface sizes of mutually rubbing parts and pulsed water irrigation of the airborne combustion chambers, it is possible to: - significantly reduce fuel consumption and increase engine efficiency;

- significantly reduce the weight and dimensions of the engine;

- significantly expand the range of variation of the speeds of the reverse rotation of the output shaft of the airborne engines, which eliminates the need for the use of gearboxes in drives;

- use cheaper materials and simpler technologies for the manufacture of airborne forces parts (except for flexible and hard wheels);

- make all hull and fixed parts from less durable non-metallic materials, for example, from plastics or ceramics;

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - due to a sharp reduction in the surface sizes of mutually rubbing parts, significantly reduce the need for lubricants.

Airborne Forces consists of: - from the body;

- from the output shaft connected to the movable rigid wheel, either directly or through a gear multiplier built in according to the planetary scheme (with intermediate wheels rotating around their own fixed axes). Its movable outer wheel (crown) is made in one piece with a rotating rigid wheel. The built-in multiplier allows you to further significantly expand the range of stepless changes in the angular velocities of the reverse rotation of the output shaft, which in this case is the central gear of the multiplier (the sun) with a gas turbine rigidly mounted on it, with or without its drive from combustion products;

- from a pneumatic deformer with two coaxial disks, an external fixed disk (fixed to the airborne forces body) and an internal movable disk inserted into a fixed disk with a minimum uniform radial clearance, providing it with unhindered rotation from a low-power reversible control motor;

- from a stationary in the circumferential direction of the flexible wheel, which is made either in the form of a spring package [1,2,3] of several coaxial rings (the outer of which is a flexible gear ring), interconnected by rigid jumpers, staggered [1] either in the form of only one ring gear with cutouts for radially movable pushers, or in the form of a flexible ring plate with a ring gear at the outer contour fixed to the stationary disk of the pneumatic deformer along the inner contour (end lnovaya transfer of [3]).

To increase the power of the airborne forces and reduce the imbalance of dynamic forces arising in it on the movable hard wheel and the rotating disk of the pneumatic deformer, the engine allows group

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) (in-line) axial combination of several flexible wheels. At the same time, independently installed deformable flexible wheels with one deformation wave of each of them (for a single-wave IDT) or with two deformation waves (for a two-wave IDT) come into wave engagement with the same rigid wheel. In all cases, the flexible wheel (s) are fixedly mounted (fixed) on the external fixed disk of the pneumatic deformer. Moreover, the waves of engagement of two adjacent flexible wheels should be deployed relative to each other by 180 degrees. It is desirable to select the width of the gear rim of each flexible wheel so that the total length and number of working teeth of the hard wheel in opposite waves of engagement at the same time have the same values. This condition for a single-wave HFR is satisfied by the simplest version of the three flexible wheels. In the case of using IDT with end wave transmission [3], the flexible wheel can be made either in the form of one thin annular plate, or in the form of two flexible annular plates that engage in two-sided wave meshing with the same rigid wheel on both sides. The hard wheel in this case has the form of an annular plate with two-sided cutting of teeth at the outer contour. Its thickness is 3-5 times greater than the thickness of the annular plate of the flexible wheel.

The fixed external disk of the pneumatic deformer has in the plane of each flexible wheel along M (M = 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 24; 26; 28; 30; 32; 34; 36, etc.) radial channels [7] for movable plunger-pushers, with small-sized, poorly conical cooled chambers for pulsed combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel arranged under them. Moreover, several additional radial channels are adjacent adjacent to each such channel. They serve to control the processes of pulsed supply of fuel components to the chambers, its forced cyclic ignition and the system of partial cooling of the internal heated surfaces of the chambers by pulse irrigation

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) dose of water through the metering nozzles at the time the process of combustion of the working mixture ends there. In adjacent channels along their open contour, deaf finger soft shells are fixed to which high-pressure air pulses are successively supplied from the channels of the rotating disk. Finger shells located in the first two adjacent channels in an unloaded state touch their other soft deaf side (dome) with other soft torus shells (located around radial channels for movable plungers). Hydrocarbon or other gaseous or liquid fuels are continuously supplied into the internal cavities of the torus shells continuously from external capacities (tanks). When air pressure pulses are fed into the internal cavities of the finger shells of the first two adjacent channels, they become deformed and impulse load the torus shells from which the fuel through the nozzle dispensers enters the internal cavity of the combustion chambers under the movable plunger pushers. When air pulses enter the chambers from the high-pressure channel of the movable disk, the fuel burns out from cyclic forced pulse ignition, which is turned on and off by the pressure pulses supplied to the finger shells of two other adjacent channels. In this case, additional pulses of higher pressure arise in the chambers under the plungers. They significantly increase the radial forces of pushing the pushers to the flexible wheel, thus increasing the torque in the wave gear and, consequently, on the output shaft of the airborne forces. At the end of the combustion process, a dose of water is pulsed into the chamber for irrigation and partial cooling of its internal surfaces through metering nozzles. This leads to cooling of the walls of the chamber and to the additional conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy in the form of removal of high-pressure water vapor pulses from heated surfaces.

The pneumatic deformer’s movable disk contains N (N = 3; 5; 7; 9; 11; 13; 15; 17; 19; 21; 23; 27; 29, etc., for a single-wave IDT or N = 6; 10;

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) fourteen; eighteen; 22; 26; thirty; 34 etc. for a two-wave ID (moreover, N Ф М and they should not have common factors other than one factor equal to 2 for a two-wave ID)) of radial channels in the plane of each flexible wheel. The channels serve for the pulsed supply of high air pressure from the movable disk to the chambers under the movable plunger-pushers and in the control channels for the processes of fuel supply, ignition and cooling of the internal cavities of the chambers. Pressure is supplied from a common central channel of high pressure located in the cavity of the input shaft. Between the radial channels of high pressure in the movable disk in the plane of each flexible wheel are located on N interchannel volume cavities of low pressure. They have radial openings on the side of the outer diameter of the disk, with their symmetrical arrangement between the end openings of the high pressure channels of the corresponding row and serve to discharge them from the exhaust air chambers and combustion products. At the same time, all low-pressure cavities of all rows communicate with each other and have a common outlet into the central low-pressure channel. The number of channels in the fixed and mobile disks M and N are selected, and the diameters of the disks and holes are calculated so that at the same time from one third to two thirds of adjacent plunger-pushers of the same row are in the working position in one wave of engagement of each flexible wheel. All other plunger-pushers of this series by this time are released from air pressure and combustion products. Such conditions provide for each of the flexible wheels one wave of engagement, similar in shape to engagement in an arc with a constant radius equal to the radius of the circumferences of the hollows of the hard wheel. This creates an almost self-balanced system of dynamic radial forces on the hard wheel and the movable disk of the pneumatic deformer, freeing them and the rolling bearings of the input and output shafts from unbalanced loads. Moreover, the value of b also increases.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the limiting torque at which the “slip” of the teeth of the wave gearing occurs.

When the internal disk rotates through the radial channels from its incoming central channel, high pressure is alternately pulsed into the chambers under the movable plunger-pushers, which, when moving, create the necessary sequence of radial power pulses on the flexible wheel (s). Thereby, a mobile deformation wave is created in it (them), which leads the flexible wheel (s) into wave engagement with the rigid wheel. The angular velocity flexspline wave deformation (wheels) is determined by: _a) a => _d * N, for a single wavelength or VSHD ω _Β ⁼ ω _Λ * Ν / 2 dual wavelength VSHD [7], wherein:

with _in - the angular velocity of the deformation wave of the flexible wheel;

Year _d is the angular velocity of the inner movable disk;

Ν is the number of high pressure radial channels in the movable disk. It should be noted that the use of cycloidal or circular teeth significantly reduces the gearing ratio of the wave gearing (up to thirty units), which increases the angular velocity of rotation of the hard wheel, and therefore the output shaft.

In this case, as the primary circuit of the cooling system of the combustion engines of the airborne internal combustion engines, the circular fuel supply channels located in the fixed disk (small primary cooling circuit) are used. As the main cooling system of the chambers, special circumferential channels are arranged behind their walls for pumping coolant (secondary cooling circuit) from external tanks. For these purposes, the same feed systems are used that are developed for internal combustion engines, with lever crank mechanisms.

Bibliography

1. RF patent Ν ° 2075670 "Planetary gearbox". Author S. Klenikov. Registered in Rospatent 03/20/1997

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 2. Development of a mathematical model for calculating the "spring package of the wave reducer by the finite element method (FEM) - M.: News of higher educational institutions (universities). Mechanical Engineering., 2008, JVe 11 pp. 25-30. Authors Klenikov S. S, Maykov A.I.

3. Copyright certificate Ν "1782089" Wave end transmission "Authors S. Klenikov and others. Registered in the State Committee of the Inventions 08/15/1992.

4. Patent RU Ν_> 2456489 “Wave stepper motor with pneumatic hydrodeformator” Authors S. Klenikov, T. Fomina Registered in Rospatent 07/20/2012.

5. Patent RU 2330196 C1, “Plunger gas-hydraulic engine” publ. 07/27/2008. Authors Karakulov M.N. and etc.

6. Patent RU Ν ° 2278979 C1, “Plunger gas-hydraulic engine” publ. 06/27/2006. Authors Karakulov M.N. and etc.

7. Application "Wave stepper motor" RU JVb 2011 106591/06 (009414) A from 02.24.2011

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

The claims:

The wave internal combustion engine (VDVS), consisting of an output shaft, a housing, a mechanism for converting the thermal energy of the fuel burned in the chambers and the energy of compressed air into the mechanical energy of the output shaft of the VDVS, characterized in that as a mechanism for converting thermal energy and the energy of compressed air into mechanical energy is used either by a single-wave or two-wave stepper air motor (HW) with wave gear teeth of a cycloidal or circular shape consisting of: an output shaft connected to with a movable rigid wheel, either directly or through a gear multiplier built in on a planetary scheme (with intermediate wheels rotating around its fixed axes), the outer wheel (crown) of which is made integrally with the rotating rigid wheel (the output shaft in this case is central a multiplier wheel (the sun) with a gas turbine rigidly mounted on it with its drive from or without combustion products); from a pneumatic deformer with two coaxial external fixed disks (fixed rigidly to the airborne forces) and internal movable disks; from a stationary in the circumferential direction of the flexible wheel, which is made either in the form of a spring package of several coaxial rings (the outer of which is a flexible gear ring) interconnected by rigid jumpers located in a checkerboard pattern, or in the form of only one gear ring with cutouts for movable in the radial direction of the pushers, either in the form of a flexible annular plate (end wave transmission) or from a group of in-line installed, coming into wave engagement with the same rigid wheel, without of deformable several flexible wheels with one wave of deformation of each of them (for a single-wave IDT) or with two waves of deformation (for a two-wave IDT), mounted (fixed) on an external fixed disk of a pneumatic deformer,

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) which has in the plane of each flexible wheel along M (M = 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 24; 26; 28; 30; 32; 34; 36, etc.) of radial channels for movable plunger-pushers, with small-sized, poorly conical cooled chambers of pulsed combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel arranged below them, several additional radial channels adjacent to each such channel (for controlling the processes of pulsed feeding of the fuel component into the chambers, its forced cyclic ignition and partial cooling systems the early heated surfaces of the chambers by pulsed irrigation with water through metering nozzles at the moment the process of combustion of the working mixture ends there), in which deaf finger soft shells are fixed along an open contour, two of which touch their other soft side (dome) with other soft torus shells (located around radial channels for movable plungers), into the internal cavities of which continuously from external capacities (tanks) hydrocarbon or other gaseous or liquid fuel is supplied, which when air pressure pulses into the internal cavities of the finger shells of the first two adjacent channels through metering jets pulsely enter the internal cavities of the combustion chambers under the movable plunger-pushers, where burning from the cyclic forced pulse ignition, switched on and off by pressure pulses into the finger shells of two other adjacent channels in the chambers additional pulses of higher pressure, thereby significantly increasing the pulses of the radial forces pressing the movable pushers to the gy This wheel thereby increasing the torque in the gearing and, hence, the output shaft VDVS; from an internal movable disk coaxially inserted into a fixed disk of a pneumatic deformer (with a minimum uniform radial clearance ensuring its unhindered rotation from a low-power reversible control motor), each containing N radial

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) high-pressure channels in the plane of each flexible wheel (N = 3; 5; 7; 9; 11; 13; 15; 17; 19; 21; 23; 27; 29, etc., for a single-wave IDT or N = 6; 10 ; 14; 18; 22; 26; 30; 34, etc. for a two-wave IDT (while N M and they should not have common factors other than one factor equal to 2 for a two-wave IDL), in this case the angular velocity of the wave the deformation of the flexible wheel (s) is determined by the ratio: co _in = a> _d * N, for a single-wave IDT or co _in = co _d * N / 2 for a two-wave ID, where: ω _Β is the angular velocity of the wave of deformation of the flexible wheel; with _d - angular velocity int lower movable disk) through which air pulses from the common central high-pressure channel are fed into the chambers under the movable piston-pushers, and under each flexible wheel there are Ν inter-channel cavities of low pressure with radial holes in them from the side of the outer diameter, with their symmetrical arrangement between the end openings of the high pressure channels under the corresponding flexible wheel, for discharge into these cavities from the chambers of the exhaust products of combustion, while the low pressure cavities have an outlet directly or through a gas turbine in low pressure common channel.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)