RU2467185C1 - Single-wave internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Proposed engine comprises wave mechanism. Said mechanism consists of distributor, moving stiff wheel and stationary flexible wheel (or set of K=3, 5, 7, etc, flexible wheels arranged in line with single straining wave). Said distributor is composed of air (gas) straining member with two aligned outer fixed and inner moving discs. Moving stiff wheel is engaged with output shaft. Flexible wheel is rigidly fixed on outer fixed disc of said air (gas) straining member. The latter has M (M=8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 24; 26; 28; 30; 32; 34; 36, etc) radial channels in the plane of every flexible wheels for push plungers with pulse combustion chambers arranged there under. Inner moving disc is fitted in fixed disc with clearance to be driven therein by low-power motor. Inner moving disc has N (N=3; 5; 7; 9; 11; 13; 15; 17; 19; 21; 23; 27; 29, etc) radial channels in the plane of every flexible wheel and N interchannel low-pressure cavities (in every line) with radial openings on OD side to release used air or other gas and combustion products. Radial channels serve for pulse feed high-pressure air or other gas under push plungers.

EFFECT: reduced dynamic and inertial loads.

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Description

A single-wave internal combustion engine (OVDS) belongs to the field of mechanical engineering. The invention can find application in the drives of a wide variety of ground, surface, underwater and air transport systems, as well as in the drives of various power plants. OVDS converts the energy of pressurized air or other gas and the energy of pulsed fuel into the energy of the rotational motion of the output shaft.

Performing the same functions of traditional internal combustion engines (all, both carbureted and injection, and diesel), the engine diffusion engine differs in that it uses a much more balanced wave mechanism instead of a lever crank mechanism (prototype). The use of a wave mechanism with a single wave of deformation of a flexible wheel instead of a lever crank mechanism gives the ODS a number of advantages. With the same torque on the output shaft and at the same angular velocity of its rotation due to a decrease in the level of dynamic and inertial loads, the ODS allows:

- significantly reduce fuel consumption and increase engine efficiency;

- significantly reduce the weight and dimensions of the engine;

- use cheaper materials and simpler technologies for the manufacture of ODS components (except for flexible and hard wheels);

- to make all hull and fixed parts from less durable non-metallic materials, such as plastics or ceramics;

- due to a sharp decrease in the surfaces of mutually rubbing parts, significantly reduce the need for lubricants.

The ODS consists of: a distributor in the form of a pneumatic (gas) deformer with two coaxial external stationary and internal movable disks inserted one into the other with a minimum uniform radial clearance, providing unobstructed rotation of the internal disk from a low-power control motor; from a movable hard wheel connected to the output shaft and from a fixed flexible wheel.

To increase the power of the engine and to reduce the imbalance of dynamic forces in it on a movable hard wheel and a rotating disk of a pneumatic (gas) deformer, the engine allows a group (row) combination in the axial direction of several (K = 3, 5, 7, etc.) flexible wheels, made, for example, in the form of annular spring packages [1, 2] with a single-wave gearing of the teeth of each of them, synchronously working with a common hard wheel. In this case, the waves of engagement of two adjacent flexible wheels should be rotated relative to each other by 180 degrees. Moreover, the width of the gear rim of each flexible wheel is desirable to choose from the condition that the total length and number of working teeth of the hard wheel in opposite waves of engagement at each moment of time would have correspondingly the same values. This condition is satisfied by the simplest version of the three flexible wheels (K = 3).

The fixed external disk of the pneumatic (gas) deformer (analogue [3, 4]) is rigidly connected to the flexible wheel (or K parallel to the row of flexible wheels) and contains M (M = 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 24; 26; 28; 30; 32; 34; 36, etc.) of radial channels for movable plunger-pushers in the plane of each flexible wheel. Under the movable plunger-pushers, special combustion chambers are arranged.

In the movable disk, the pneumatic (gas) hydrodeformator is contained in N (N = 3; 5; 7; 9; 11; 13; 15; 17; 19; 21; 23; 27; 29, etc.) radial channels in the plane of each flexible wheels. They serve for the pulsed supply of high pressure of air or other gas under the movable plunger-pushers from a common central channel of high pressure located in the cavity of the input shaft. Between the radial channels of high pressure in the plane of each flexible wheel are located N inter-channel volumetric cavities of low pressure. They have radial openings on the side of the outer diameter, with their symmetrical arrangement between the end openings of the high pressure channels of the corresponding row, for the discharge of exhaust air or other gas and combustion products. Moreover, all the low-pressure cavities of all rows communicate with each other and have a common outlet into the central axial low-pressure channel, which is located in the cavity of the output shaft.

The number of channels in the fixed and mobile disks M and N should not be equal (M ≠ N) and multiple. They should not have common factors and can be swapped. The values of M and N are selected, and the diameters of the disks and holes are calculated so that each adjacent flexible wheel, having received one wave of deformation, enters gearing with a common hard wheel in the engagement areas rotated 180 degrees relative to each other. The total length of the working parts of the teeth of the rigid and flexible wheels in opposite engagement zones should have the same value. This condition provides a significant reduction in the level of imbalance of dynamic loads from pulsating forces from the side of the plunger-pushers on flexible wheels and the gear forces generated by them. At the same time, from one third to two thirds of adjacent plunger-pushers of the same row should be in the working position in one wave of engagement of each flexible wheel. All other plunger-pushers of this series by this time are released from air pressure or other gas and combustion products. Such conditions provide for each of the flexible wheels one wave of engagement, similar in shape to engagement in an arc with a constant radius equal to the radius of the circumferences of the hollows of the hard wheel. This creates an almost self-balanced system of dynamic radial forces on the hard wheel and the movable disk of the air (gas) deformer, freeing them and the rolling bearings of the input and output shafts from unbalanced loads. This also increases the magnitude of the torque at which there is a "slip" of the teeth of the wave gearing.

When the internal disk rotates through the radial channels from its incoming central channel, high pressure is alternately pulsed into the chambers under the movable plunger-pushers, which, when moving, create a sequence of radial power pulses on the flexible wheel (s). Thereby, a mobile deformation wave is created in it (them), which leads the flexible wheel (s) into single-wave meshing with the hard wheel. The angular velocity of the deformation wave of the flexible wheel (s) is determined by the relation: ω _in = ω _d * N, where:

ω _in - the angular velocity of the deformation wave of the flexible wheel;

ω _d is the angular velocity of the inner movable disk;

N is the number of high pressure radial channels in the movable disk.

As fuel, the internal combustion engine uses either hydrocarbon or any other liquid or gaseous fuel, which can be pulsed into the chambers under the movable plunger-pushers. In a fixed disk, a pneumatic (gas) deformer near each radial channel for the plunger-pusher is arranged in 2 adjacent additional radial channels. In them, along the open contours, deaf finger soft shells are fixed from the side of the movable disk. In the unloaded state, they touch their outer deaf side (domes) of other soft shells having the shape of a torus, which are located around channels with movable plungers. In the internal cavity of the torus shells through a special circular channel (channels) in a fixed disk continuously from external containers (tanks) is fed hydrocarbon or other gaseous or liquid fuel. These channels simultaneously serve as the primary cooling circuit. When applying pressure pulses from the working substance to the internal cavities of the finger shells, deforming, they impulse load the torus shells. Through special metering jets, gaseous or liquid fuel from the torus shell cavity, pulsed by the canopy of the fingertip shell, enters the cavity (combustion chamber) under the movable plunger-pushers. An impulse of a higher pressure arising during the ignition of a combustible mixture (about 100-200 atmospheres) significantly increases the radial force of the additional pressing of the corresponding piston-pusher to the flexible wheel, thereby increasing the forces of the wave gear mesh. As a result of this, the torque increases both in the wave gearing and on the output shaft of the OVDS.

To supply fuel and coolant from external containers, the same supply systems are used that are now developed for internal combustion engines created on the basis of lever crank mechanisms.

It should be noted that in this case, the primary fuel supply circuits (small primary cooling circuit) located in the fixed disk act as the primary circuit of the OVDS cooling system. As an additional cooling system, there are also arranged special district channels for pumping coolant (secondary cooling circuit).

The engine ignition systems use the same ignition systems that are now practiced by internal combustion engines created on the basis of lever crank mechanisms.

Bibliography

1. RF patent No. 2075670 "Planetary gearbox." Author Klenikov S.S. Registered in Rospatent 03/20/1997.

2. The development of a mathematical model for calculating the spring package of the wave reducer by the finite element method (FEM) - M .: Izvestia Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii (VUZ). Engineering, 2008, No. 11, pp. 25-30. Authors Klenikov S.S., Maikov A.I.

3. Patent RU No. 2330196 C1, “Plunger gas hydraulic engine”, publ. 07/27/2008. Author Karakulov M.N. and etc.

4. Patent RU No. 2278979 C1, "Plunger gas-hydraulic engine", publ. 06/27/2006. Author Karakulov M.N. and etc.

Claims (1)

Single-wave internal combustion engine (OVDS), which differs from traditional carburetor, injection and diesel internal combustion engines in that it uses a substantially more balanced wave mechanism instead of a lever crank mechanism, consisting of: a distributor in the form of a pneumatic (gas) deformer with two coaxial external fixed and internal movable disks; from a movable hard wheel connected to the output shaft; from a fixed flexible wheel (or from a group of K = 3, 5, 7, etc., row-mounted, independently deformable flexible wheels with one wave of deformation of each of them), rigidly fixed (fixed) on the external fixed disk, air (gas) a deformer, which has in the plane of each flexible wheel along M (M = 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 24; 26; 28; 30; 32; 34; 36, etc.) radial channels for movable plunger-pushers with cameras for pulse combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel arranged below them and coaxially inserted into a fixed disk with a minimum uniform radial clearance, providing unobstructed rotation from a low-power control motor, an internal movable disk containing N (N = 3; 5; 7; 9; 11; 13; 15; 17; 19; 21; 23; 27; 29 and t .d.) of radial channels in the plane of each flexible wheel, which serve for pulsed feeding under the movable piston-pushers from a common central channel located in the cavity of the input shaft, high air pressure or other gas, and N low-pressure interchannel cavities (in each row) with radial holes in them from the side external diameter, with their symmetrical arrangement between the end openings of the high pressure channels of the corresponding row, for discharge of exhaust air or other gas and combustion products into them and having a common outlet to the central axial channel of low pressure, which is located in the cavity of the output shaft.