WO2014042509A1 - Extracting lecithin from palm agro-waste - Google Patents

Extracting lecithin from palm agro-waste Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014042509A1
WO2014042509A1 PCT/MY2013/000067 MY2013000067W WO2014042509A1 WO 2014042509 A1 WO2014042509 A1 WO 2014042509A1 MY 2013000067 W MY2013000067 W MY 2013000067W WO 2014042509 A1 WO2014042509 A1 WO 2014042509A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
palm
solvent
lecithin
starting material
agro
Prior art date
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PCT/MY2013/000067
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thang Yin MEE
Zairey Bin Mohd Zain Mohd
David Ross APPLETON
Jaril Asis Ahmad
Kulaveerasingam HARIKRISHNA A/L
Yusof@Hassan HIRZUN BIN MOHD
Bee Keat Neoh
Amiron Bin Ersad Mohd
Bin Aminuddin Junaidi
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Sime Darby Malaysia Berhad
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Application filed by Sime Darby Malaysia Berhad filed Critical Sime Darby Malaysia Berhad
Priority to BR112015005292A priority Critical patent/BR112015005292A2/pt
Priority to IN1922DEN2015 priority patent/IN2015DN01922A/en
Publication of WO2014042509A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014042509A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/02—Pretreatment
    • C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B11/00—Recovery or refining of other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of extracting lecithin from palm agro-waste. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of extracting lecithin from palm agro-waste from palm oil mill, and a composition containing the extracted lecithin.
  • Lecithin is a yellow-brownish fatty substance found in practically any animal and plant tissues. Lecithin generally comprises of phosphoric acid, choline, fatty acids, glycerol, glycolipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids. Lecithin is sold as a food supplement and for medical uses. Commercial lecithin, as used by food manufacturers, is a mixture of phospholipids in oil.
  • phospholipids and the main phospholipids in lecithin include phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl inositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA).
  • PC phosphatidyl choline
  • PE phosphatidyl ethanolamine
  • PI phosphatidyl inositol
  • PA phosphatidic acid
  • Lecithin can be extracted from oil seed materials by means of solvent extraction, water degumming, and enzymatic degumming. Lecithin is currently produced commercially from soybeans and egg yolks. The amphiphilic character and endogenous nature of phospholipids in lecithin have proven to be an important raw material in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
  • Lecithin has emulsification and lubricant properties, and is a surfactant. Lecithin has been recognized as being one of the major classes of food emulsifier. Phospholipids in lecithin have also been used as release agents, through their role as surfactants.
  • US Patent no. 4,515,726, US Patent no. 4,221 ,731 and WO 2004/014144 disclose methods of extracting lecithin from soybeans.
  • US Patent no. 5,833,858 describes a method of obtaining acidic phospholipids from an oil seed selected from the group consisting of soybean, rapeseed, corn, sunflower and palm.
  • US Publication no. US2005/01 12735A1 and WO 2005/035693 each describes a process for extracting lipids and lecithin from sludge generated during biological treatment.
  • US Patent no. 7,550,616 discloses a process for recovering polar lipid from native biomaterials, such as egg, fish, crustaceans, microbes, brain tissue, milk, meat and plant material, including oilseeds.
  • WO 91/03946 discloses a process for recovering an egg lecithin from egg yolk.
  • US Patent no. 6,355,693 discloses a method for producing polar lipids from plant material such as cereal or grains.
  • US Patent no. 5,597,602 describes a process for recovering lecithin from soy-beans, rapeseed, sunflower seed, corn, hemp and linseed.
  • 7,494,679 describes a process of recovering lecithin from soy bean oil, corn oil, ground nut oil, olive oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil, safflower seed oil, cottonseed oil, and grape seed oil using membrane separation technology.
  • WO 2005/77485 A1 discloses a method for recovering lecithin from palm oil mill effluent using membrane filtration.
  • Goh et al. "Total Phospholipids in Crude Palm Oil: Quantitative Analysis and Correlations with Oil Quality Parameters", JAOCS, Vol. 61 : 1597-1600 (1984) discloses a method of using methanol-acetic acid to extract phospholipids from crude palm oil.
  • a method for extracting lecithin from palm agro-waste in accordance with this invention It is an advantage of a method in accordance with this invention that the method is capable of yielding lecithin containing phospholipids in a higher concentration from palm agro-waste.
  • a second advantage of this invention is that the method is easily scalable for commercial production of lecithin.
  • a third advantage of this invention is that a composition containing lecithin having a phospholipids content of not less than 20%, more preferably, not less than 35% extracted from palm agro-waste is obtained.
  • a fourth advantage of this invention is that the method yields more than 0.5% dry wt/wt of the palm agro-waste.
  • the method is performed in the following manner.
  • the method comprises the steps of introducing a palm agro-waste as a starting material selected from a group consisting of a separator sludge or a decanter cake; subjecting the starting material to extraction using a solvent to give an extracted meal and a solvent extract; separating the solvent extract from the extracted meal; and drying the solvent extract to give a residue fraction comprising lecithin having a phospholipids content of not less than 20%, with a yield of more than 0.5% dry wt/wt of the starting material.
  • the residue fraction comprises lecithin having a phospholipids content of not less than 35%.
  • the yield is more than 1.5% dry wt/wt of the starting material.
  • the method further comprises pre-treating the starting material prior to the step of subjecting the starting material to extraction.
  • the pre-treating step comprises the step of drying the separator sludge to obtain a dried sludge as the starting material.
  • the pre-treating step comprises the step of centrifuging the separator sludge to obtain a solid and a supernatant.
  • the pre- treating step further comprises washing the solid of palm agro-waste to obtain a pre- washed solid of palm agro-waste as the starting material.
  • the pre-treating step comprises washing the decanter cake with water to obtain a pre-washed decanter cake as the starting material.
  • the extraction solvent is a mixture of hexane and ethanol. In accordance with some of these embodiments, the solvent is a mixture of ethanol and water.
  • the weight ratio of the starting material to the solvent is from 1 : 1 to 1 :20.
  • composition comprising lecithin extracted from palm agro-waste selected from a group consisting of a separator sludge or a decanter cake, having a phospholipids content of not less than 20%.
  • the lecithin comprises phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phasphatidic acid (PA), and lyso- derivatives.
  • the lecithin comprises a phosphotidylcholine (PC) concentration of more than 30% wt wt of total phospholipids.
  • the phosphotidylcholine (PC) to the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is in a weight ratio of more than 4.
  • the term "palm agro-wastes” refers to wastes produced in a palm oil mill.
  • the wastes can be in the form of sludge, effluent or a mixture thereof.
  • raw sludge refers to sludge or effluent obtained directly from a centrifuging decanter, a centrifuging separator and/or a 3-phase decanter of a palm oil mill without undergoing any pretreatment or solid-liquid separation.
  • supernatant refers to a liquid obtained from centrifuging the raw sludge as defined above.
  • dried supernatant refers to a supernatant that is obtained from centrifuging a raw sludge and dried by any method known in the art including, but is not limited to, freeze-dried, vacuum dried, evaporation or desiccant dried.
  • solid refers to a solid obtained from centrifuging the raw sludge as defined above.
  • dried sludge refers to a raw sludge that has been dried.
  • cake refers to a solid or cake obtained from a 3-phase decanter of a palm oil mill.
  • pre-washed solid refers to a solid or cake that has been washed with water.
  • Malaysian crude palm oil (CPO) contains relatively low levels of polar constituents, such as phosphatides (5-130 ppm). These minor components are present in extracts that are obtained from palm agro-waste, such as decanter cake, sludge and effluents from palm oil mills in a much higher concentration.
  • polar constituents such as phosphatides (5-130 ppm).
  • Separator sludge is one of the waste streams that contributed to be part of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Approximately 1.5m 3 of POME will be generated from the sludge separator for each tonne of crude palm oil processed. It is a colloidal suspension containing more than 80% of water, about 15% to 19% of total solids, consisting mainly of debris from palm fruit mesocarp, and small amount of oil.
  • Another palm agro-waste that generates interest is the decanter cake which is basically the solid material that remains after sludge is decanted from the clarifier using a three phase decanter from palm oil mill. About 3% to 4% of decanter cake is generated with every tonne of fresh fruit bunch processed. It contains relatively lower water content as compared to those agro-wastes from the separator sludge and effluent.
  • the design and year of operation of the palm oil mill is not particularly restricted for the purpose of the invention, as long as the palm oil mill uses a decanter or a separator type of apparatus for processing the crude palm oil.
  • the palm oil mill can include a horizontal, vertical or continuous sterilizer.
  • the present invention relates to a method of extracting lecithin from palm agro-waste produced in a palm oil mill.
  • the method comprises introducing a palm agro-waste selected from a group consisting of a separator sludge and a decanter cake as a starting material and subjecting the starting material to extraction using a solvent to give an extracted meal and a solvent extract.
  • the solvent used in the extraction step is a hexane- ethanol solvent.
  • the volume ratio of hexane to ethanol present in the solvent preferably ranges from 100:0 to 0:100, more preferably 25:75 to 0:100, and most preferably 25:75 to 75:25.
  • the ethanol in the solvent may contain about 5% to 6% water.
  • an ethanol-water solvent is used in the extraction step.
  • the volume ratio of ethanol to water present in the solvent preferably ranges from 80:20 to 99.9:0.1 , and more preferably in a ratio of 80:20 to 95:5.
  • the extraction step is carried out at a stirring speed of about 400 rpm to 800 rpm, and preferably more than 800 rpm.
  • the stirring speed is not particularly restricted for the purpose of the invention.
  • the stirring can be done by means of mixing or by any means known in the art to enhance the recovery of the phospholipids.
  • the duration in which the extraction is carried out is about one hour.
  • the duration of the extraction can be prolonged if necessary to obtain maximum recovery of the phospholipids.
  • the ratio of the starting material to solvent used in the method ranges from about 1 : 1 to 1 :20, and more preferably 1 :10.
  • the extraction step is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of 30°C to 60°C, and more preferably at 30°C or at ambient temperature.
  • the extraction step can be carried out over a pH range from about 5 to 9. It is preferable that the extraction step is carried out without adjusting the pH value of the mixture during the extraction.
  • the solvent extract is separated from the extracted meal. This can be carried out by means of filtration or by other means known in the art.
  • the separated solvent extract is then dried to remove most of the solvent, followed by precipitation or crystallization.
  • the precipitate obtained thereto is then recovered by filtration to give a residue fraction comprising lecithin having a phospholipids content of not less than 20%, more preferably, not less than 35%. This is achieved with a yield of more than 0.5% dry wt/wt of the palm agro-waste.
  • the solvent extract may be dried under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. Any suitable method known in the art can be employed to dry the solvent extract. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the solvent extract is dried by distilling the solvent off the extract.
  • the separated solvent extract is dried at a temperature below 40°C and at a pressure of less than 150 mbar (or 1.5 x 10 4 Pa).
  • the solution containing the extract is kept at temperature below 8°C for more than 12 hours.
  • the precipitate formed is then centrifuged and separated from the solution. Any suitable method known in the art can be used to separate the precipitate from the solution.
  • the separator sludge (or raw sludge) and the decanter cake which are used as the starting material in the method of the present invention may be pre-treated to obtain other forms of palm agro-waste as the starting material prior to subjecting the starting material to extraction by solvent.
  • These other forms of palm agro-waste include, but are not limited to, dried supernatant of palm agro-waste, solid of palm agro-waste, dried sludge, pre-washed solid of palm agro-waste and pre-washed solid of decanter cake.
  • the separator sludge or raw sludge is pre-treated by drying to obtain a dried sludge as the starting matter. It is understood that any suitable method known in the art may be employed for drying the raw sludge.
  • the separator sludge is pre-treated by centrifuging the separator sludge to obtain a supernatant and a solid.
  • the supernatant may be further treated by drying to obtain a dried supernatant.
  • the supernatant can be dried by any suitable method known in the art including, but is not limited to, freeze- dried, vacuum dried, evaporation or desiccant dried.
  • the dried supernatant and the solid (or solid of palm agro-waste) can separately be used as the starting material.
  • the solid of palm agro-waste obtained through centrifuging the separator sludge is further treated by washing the solid with water to obtain a pre-washed solid of palm agro-waste as the starting material.
  • the decanter cake is pre-treated by washing the decanter cake with water to obtain a pre-washed solid of decanter cake as the starting material.
  • the water pre-treatment step as described hereinabove can be carried out by any means known in the art.
  • the ratio of palm agro-waste to water used preferably ranges from 1 :1 to 1 :20, and more preferably from 1 :4 to 1 :6.
  • the lecithin extracted by the method of the present invention contains phospholipids with content not less than 20%, more preferably, not less than 35%, with a yield of more than 0.5% dry wt/wt of the palm agro-waste.
  • the lecithin comprises particularly of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phasphatidic acid (PA), and lyso- derivatives thereof relative to the lecithin in palm oil found in naturally occurring oil palm ago-wastes.
  • Neutral lipids such triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglycerides, fatty acids, glycolipids, sugars, and other minor components at arbitrary ratios may also be present.
  • the lecithin comprises PC concentration of more than 30% wt/wt of total phospholipids and a ratio of PC:PE of greater than 4,
  • the solvent extract prepared by the method of the present invention is suitable for use as a starting material for purification/preparation of high purity phospholipids for use as standards, pharmaceutical additives, nutraceuticals, etc. Purification could be done using known methods, for example, simulated moving bed (SMB) method, countercurrent chromatography (CCC) method, acetone precipitation method, etc.
  • the method in accordance with this invention is easily scalable for commercial production of lecithin as the method involves a multi-stage extraction process.
  • the present invention also relates a composition
  • a composition comprising lecithin extracted from palm agro-waste selected from the group consisting of a separator sludge and a decanter cake and the lecithin having a phospholipids content of not less than 20%, more preferably, not less than 35%.
  • the lecithin comprises phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphotidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phasphatidic acid (PA), and lyso-derivatives.
  • the lecithin comprises PC concentration of more than 30% wt/wt of total phospholipids and a ratio of PC:PE of greater than 4.
  • the phospholipids compositions (a) to (h) as illustrated in Table 2 were produced by extracting lecithin from the solid of palm agro-waste obtained through centrifuging raw sludge of palm agro-waste using the parameters set forth in (8), (10), (5), (1 ), (7), (6), (3) and (4) of Table 1 respectively. Solvent was removed from the respective extracts under reduced pressure to obtain the respective phospholipids extracts.
  • the phospholipids compositions (i) to (I) as illustrated in Table 2 were produced by extracting lecithin from the raw sludge using the parameters set forth in (1 1 ), (8), (2) and (9) of Table 1 respectively. Solvent was removed from the respective extracts under reduced pressure to obtain the respective phospholipids extracts.
  • Pre-washed solid obtained through washing the decanter cake with water (704.74 g) was added to a 10 L stainless steel extraction vessel. 7,000 ml. of solvent containing a mixture of hexane-ethanol in a ratio of 25:75 was then added to the same vessel. The ethanol may contain about 5% to 6% water. Extraction was performed at a speed of 800 rpm at room temperature for 1 hour. An IKA stirrer was used to stir the mixture. After the extraction was completed, the solvent containing the extract was then filtered. The hexane fraction was separated from the ethanol fraction through solvent partition. The ethanol was distilled off from the extract under reduced pressure to give a desired phospholipids composition having composition as shown in (w) of Table 4. The amount of extract obtained was about 1.93% wt/wt of the cake.
  • the precipitate formed was removed from the solution by centrifuging at 8000 rpm for 1 hour at 4°C.
  • the precipitate was separated from the supernatant to give a desired phospholipids composition having composition as shown in (x) of Table 5.
  • the amount of extract obtained was about 1.75 ⁇ 0.52% wt/wt of the cake.
  • the phospholipids compositions (y) to (bi) as illustrated in Table 6 were produced by extracting lecithin from the pre-washed solid of palm agro-waste using the parameters set forth in Example 12 with different solvent ratios of ethanol-water. Solvent was removed from the respective extracts under reduced pressure to obtain the respective phospholipids extracts.
  • the phospholipids compositions obtained in the above Examples were subjected to HPLC analysis using an Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD). The results of the analysis and the phospholipids compositions (expressed in mg/g by weight in lipid mixture) are as shown in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 below.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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PCT/MY2013/000067 2012-09-12 2013-04-01 Extracting lecithin from palm agro-waste WO2014042509A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112015005292A BR112015005292A2 (pt) 2012-09-12 2013-04-01 método de extração de lecitina a partir do agrorresíduo de palma; e composição
IN1922DEN2015 IN2015DN01922A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2012-09-12 2013-04-01

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MYPI2012700637 2012-09-12
MYPI2012700637A MY161428A (en) 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 Extracting Lecithin From Palm Agro-Waste

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BR (1) BR112015005292A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CO (1) CO7350650A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CR (1) CR20150157A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN2015DN01922A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
MY (1) MY161428A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104987945A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-10-21 广西科技大学 一种利用超声波辅助降低菜籽油脚粘度的技术方法

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104987945A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-10-21 广西科技大学 一种利用超声波辅助降低菜籽油脚粘度的技术方法
CN104987945B (zh) * 2015-06-23 2018-04-03 广西科技大学 一种利用超声波辅助降低菜籽油脚粘度的技术方法

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