WO2014041857A1 - Gas-insulated switchgear - Google Patents
Gas-insulated switchgear Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014041857A1 WO2014041857A1 PCT/JP2013/065823 JP2013065823W WO2014041857A1 WO 2014041857 A1 WO2014041857 A1 WO 2014041857A1 JP 2013065823 W JP2013065823 W JP 2013065823W WO 2014041857 A1 WO2014041857 A1 WO 2014041857A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
- H01H1/38—Plug-and-socket contacts
- H01H1/385—Contact arrangements for high voltage gas blast circuit breakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
- H01H2011/046—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion by plating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas-insulated switchgear applied to a substation, switchgear, and the like.
- GIS Gas insulated switchgear
- An open / close section such as a disconnector or a circuit breaker constituting the GIS has a state of sliding energization that slides while passing a current when current is opened and closed, and a state of sliding when no current flows.
- the parts that are actually in contact with this sliding part are the mover, the movable contact, and the fixed contact.
- the oxygen-free copper that is the base material is plated with silver to reduce the contact resistance. Yes.
- a material having a high conductivity is used for the contact portion in this way, it is possible to suppress a temperature rise due to Joule heat of the contact portion due to energization.
- SF 6 gas which is an insulating gas used in GIS, has a strong electric field dependence, and the presence of metallic foreign matter greatly reduces the dielectric strength. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the generation of foreign matter as much as possible.
- a gas-insulated switchgear has been proposed in which it is difficult to prevent generation of wear powder from the contact portion at the time of opening / closing operation, but it is difficult to generate wear powder as much as possible.
- the gas-insulated switchgear described in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a silver surface layer having good adhesiveness is formed on a sliding surface, and wear powder is hardly generated due to sliding.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a gas circuit breaker having a movable energizing contact made of a plurality of materials.
- the fixed energizing part and the sliding energizing part of the movable energizing contact are made of oxygen-free copper with high electrical conductivity, and the arc contact part where the arc discharge is ignited is made of copper-tungsten alloy.
- a highly reliable gas circuit breaker with less electrode consumption is formed by using a material with less (consumption).
- the gas insulated switchgear of the present invention has a movable part and a fixed part in a metal container filled with an arc extinguishing gas, the movable part has a movable element and a movable side contact, and the movable element
- the fixed side contact provided in the fixed portion is arranged so as to face and separate from the fixed side contact.
- the movable element includes a sliding energization unit that slides while the movable element is energized with the movable contact and the stationary contact during an opening / closing operation, and the movable element in the closed state is the movable contact and A fixed energization portion that is in electrical contact with the fixed contact;
- a film is formed of the first material on the fixed energization portion.
- a film is formed on the sliding energization portion with a second material having a larger electrical resistivity than the first material.
- the fixed energization part is a low resistance contact
- the sliding energization part is a high resistance contact, so that the amount of electrode wear during current switching is reduced and the amount of metal foreign matter generated is reduced. It is possible to reduce the insulation performance degradation due to the above.
- FIG. 1 shows a gas insulated disconnector as a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) according to an embodiment of the present invention, and shows a closed state.
- GIS gas insulated switchgear
- the main function of the disconnector is to ensure the insulation between the charging section and the power failure section, and the switching operation is performed while supporting the high voltage section with the insulating spacers 2a and 2b in the metal container 1 which is at the ground potential.
- Fig. 1 shows a closed state and a current-carrying state. That is, the conductor 3a and the conductor 3b are in an electrically connected state via the fixed side shield fixed conductor 4a, the fixed side contactor 5a, the mover 8, the movable side contactor 5b, and the movable side shield fixed conductor 4b. Current flows.
- FIG. 2 shows an open state.
- the conductors 3a and 3b are electrically disconnected, and no current flows.
- an operating device (not shown) outside the metal container rotates the operating lever 6 to move the mover 8 from the position shown in FIG. 1 to the position shown in FIG.
- the fixed side shield 7a and the movable side shield 7b are arrange
- the movable element 8 moves while rubbing against the stationary contact 5a and the movable contact 5b.
- the fixed contact 5a is released from contact after a while, but the movable contact 5b remains in contact with the mover even after the opening operation is completed.
- Fig. 3 shows a comparison of the amount of wear of silver plating when the energization current during sliding is changed.
- the amount of wear of silver plating during sliding at an energization current of 1000 A is set to 1, and the amount of wear of silver plating at an energization current of 0 A and 2000 A is shown.
- the value in 0A shows the abrasion amount of silver plating at the time of sliding when an electric current is not flowing. According to this, it can be seen that the amount of wear increases when the current flows compared to when no current flows, and that the amount of wear increases significantly when the current increases.
- FIG. 4 is a comparison of the amount of wear when the contact portions of silver plating and tin plating of different materials are slid and energized. More specifically, this is a comparison of the amount of wear during sliding energization when both the mover and the contact are plated with silver, and when the mover is plated with tin and the contact is plated with silver.
- the wear amount of the tin-silver contact is smaller than that of the silver-silver contact. This indicates that the amount of wear of a material having a high electrical resistivity is small when sliding while passing an electric current.
- the above-described movable portion that is energized for sliding (hereinafter referred to as the sliding energized portion 8b) has a higher electrical resistivity than the movable portion that is fixedly energized (hereinafter referred to as the fixed energized portion 8a). It is made to contact with the material which becomes.
- the fixed energizing portion 8a is silver-plated on the surface of oxygen-free copper as a base material
- the sliding energizing portion 8b is made of oxygen-free copper as a base material.
- the surface is tinned.
- the electrical resistivity of silver under the condition of 0 ° C. is 1.47 ( ⁇ ⁇ m), and the electrical resistivity of tin under the same condition is 11.5 ( ⁇ ⁇ m). Therefore, the electric resistivity of tin is about 7.8 times higher than that of silver.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the opening operation at each timing at the time of opening in order to explain the range in which each material of the mover is applied.
- FIG. 5 also shows a current waveform, which shows a state in which the load current and loop current of the disconnector are interrupted.
- the disconnector Before (a) shown in FIG. 5, the disconnector is in a closed state, and a 50 Hz alternating current flows through the contact and the mover through the fixed energization unit.
- the opening command is input in (a)
- the mover starts to move, and the physical contact between the stationary contact and the mover is separated in the time (b).
- the range in which the mover is physically in contact with the stationary contact in the time range (a) to (b) is made of a material having a high electrical resistivity.
- the range in which the movable element is in contact with the movable contact in the time range of (a) to (d) is made of a material having a high electrical resistivity.
- the part 8c is preferably made of a high melting point material such as a copper tungsten alloy. Since the mover tip 8c exposed to the arc discharge is quickly consumed by the metal film, a copper tungsten alloy is formed by bonding the base material 8d and silver brazing.
- FIG. 7 shows a more detailed configuration of FIG.
- the surface of the oxygen-free copper that is the mover base material 8d is subjected to silver plating with a thickness of several tens to several hundreds of ⁇ m on the fixed energizing portion 8a, and the surface of the silver plating is several tens of ⁇ m to several
- a tin plating having a high electrical resistivity with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is applied to the sliding energization portion 8b.
- FIG. 8 also shows an example in which tin plating is directly performed on the base material, and the effect is the same in both cases.
- the material shown here is an example and does not necessarily need to be an oxygen free copper, silver, tin, copper tungsten alloy.
- a metal material having a relatively low electrical resistivity such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be used in addition to oxygen-free copper, and the sliding energizing portion 8b is used as the base material or the fixed energizing portion 8a. Even if materials such as zinc, chromium and nickel are used so that the electrical resistivity is higher than that, there is an effect of reducing the amount of wear due to sliding current.
- FIG. 9 is a microscopic view of the wear phenomenon that occurs at the contact sliding portion between the contact and the mover.
- FIG. 9A shows a state in which current flows instantaneously at the contact point between the contact and the moving mover. Since the contact point is a very small spot, the current density at this spot is shown in FIG. However, a very high current flows. When an extremely high current flows, the Joule heat causes the contact portion to reach a high temperature as shown in FIG. 9B, and the metal melts, and the molten metal is stretched as the mover moves. When the mover further moves, the stretched molten metal is destroyed by boiling and scattered outside, and the mover wears due to the scattering.
- the movable electrode structure of the present invention it is possible to provide a disconnector having high insulation reliability with less generation of metallic foreign matter. Further, since this movable electrode structure can be easily applied to gas-insulated switchgear such as a circuit breaker and a ground switch, a gas-insulated switchgear with less generation of metallic foreign matter and high insulation reliability is provided. It is possible.
Abstract
The present invention provides gas-insulated switchgear in which insulation reliability is improved by minimizing the formation of foreign metallic particles caused by the sliding of a movable element and a contactor when a switching action occurs in the gas-insulated switchgear. This gas-insulated switchgear is arranged so that a moving part and a fixed part face each other inside a metallic container (1) in which an arc-extinguishing gas is sealed, the moving part comprising a movable element (8) and a movable-side contactor (5b), and the fixed part comprising a fixed-side contactor (5a). The movable element (8) includes a current-carrying sliding part (8b) by which the movable element (8) slides against the movable-side contactor (5b) and the fixed-side contactor (5a) while applying electric current to the two contactors during a switching action, and also includes a current-carrying fixed part (8a) in current-carrying contact with the movable-side contactor (5b) and the fixed-side contactor (5a) in a closed-pole state. A film is formed from a first material on the current-carrying fixed part (8a), and a film is formed from a second material, which has an electric resistivity higher than that of the first material, on the current-carrying sliding part (8b).
Description
本発明は変電所や開閉所等に適用されるガス絶縁開閉機器に関する。
The present invention relates to a gas-insulated switchgear applied to a substation, switchgear, and the like.
ガス絶縁開閉装置（以下、ＧＩＳという。）は、絶縁性ガスを充填した密閉構造により高い信頼性、安全性を確保しながらコンパクトな構造を達成できるため広く普及している。ＧＩＳを構成する断路器や遮断器などの開閉部は、電流開閉時に電流を流しながら摺動する摺動通電の状態と、電流が流れていないときに摺動する状態が存在する。
Gas insulated switchgear (hereinafter referred to as GIS) is widely used because it can achieve a compact structure while ensuring high reliability and safety by a sealed structure filled with an insulating gas. An open / close section such as a disconnector or a circuit breaker constituting the GIS has a state of sliding energization that slides while passing a current when current is opened and closed, and a state of sliding when no current flows.
この摺動部で実際に接触している部分は、可動子と可動側接触子及び固定側接触子であり、通常は母材である無酸素銅に銀めっきをして接触抵抗を低減させている。このように導電率が高い材質を接触部に使用すると、通電による接触部のジュール熱による温度上昇を抑制可能である。
The parts that are actually in contact with this sliding part are the mover, the movable contact, and the fixed contact. Usually, the oxygen-free copper that is the base material is plated with silver to reduce the contact resistance. Yes. When a material having a high conductivity is used for the contact portion in this way, it is possible to suppress a temperature rise due to Joule heat of the contact portion due to energization.
しかしながら、開閉時には可動子と接触子が擦れて接触することになり、この部分から摩耗により金属異物（摩耗粉）が発生する。銀同士の摩擦係数は比較的小さいので、銀は導電性と耐磨耗性を両立させるには優れた材質である。電流を流さないで摺動させる場合は、このような金属めっきにより表面の凹凸を減らして滑らかにすることや、摩擦係数の低いめっき材質を適用することにより、摩耗量を極力抑えてきた。
However, at the time of opening and closing, the mover and the contact are rubbed into contact with each other, and metallic foreign matter (abrasion powder) is generated due to wear from this portion. Since the friction coefficient between silver is relatively small, silver is an excellent material for achieving both conductivity and wear resistance. When sliding without passing an electric current, the amount of wear has been suppressed as much as possible by reducing the surface unevenness by such metal plating to make it smooth and applying a plating material having a low friction coefficient.
特にＧＩＳ内で使用している絶縁ガスであるＳＦ6ガスは電界依存性が強く、金属異物が存在すると絶縁耐力を大きく低下させるため、インパルス過電圧侵入時もしくは運転中であっても絶縁破壊の危険性が出てくるため、異物発生を極力低減させる必要がある。
In particular, SF 6 gas, which is an insulating gas used in GIS, has a strong electric field dependence, and the presence of metallic foreign matter greatly reduces the dielectric strength. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the generation of foreign matter as much as possible.
開閉動作時には接触部からの摩耗粉を全く発生させないようにすることは困難であるが、できるだけ摩耗粉が生じにくいガス絶縁開閉装置が提案されている。例えば、特許文献１に記載のガス絶縁開閉機器は摺動面に接着性の良い銀の表面層を形成し、摺動に対する摩耗粉が生じにくい構造とするものである。
A gas-insulated switchgear has been proposed in which it is difficult to prevent generation of wear powder from the contact portion at the time of opening / closing operation, but it is difficult to generate wear powder as much as possible. For example, the gas-insulated switchgear described in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a silver surface layer having good adhesiveness is formed on a sliding surface, and wear powder is hardly generated due to sliding.
特許文献２には、複数の材料により構成される可動通電接触子を有するガス遮断器が開示されている。可動通電接触子の固定通電部及び摺動通電する部分は導電率の高い無酸素銅を、アーク放電が点弧するアークコンタクト部分は銅タングステン合金で構成しており、アークに曝されても溶融（消耗）の少ない材料を用いることで電極消耗が少ない信頼性の高いガス遮断器を構成している。
Patent Document 2 discloses a gas circuit breaker having a movable energizing contact made of a plurality of materials. The fixed energizing part and the sliding energizing part of the movable energizing contact are made of oxygen-free copper with high electrical conductivity, and the arc contact part where the arc discharge is ignited is made of copper-tungsten alloy. A highly reliable gas circuit breaker with less electrode consumption is formed by using a material with less (consumption).
上述のように接触部へ金属めっきを施すことで摩耗量の低減がなされてきたが、電流を流しながら摺動通電させる場合には、電流を流さない摺動に比べると桁違いに摩耗による異物発生量が多くなるため、摺動通電時の摩耗量を低減させる必要があった。
The amount of wear has been reduced by applying metal plating to the contact area as described above. However, when sliding current is applied while current is flowing, foreign matter due to wear is orders of magnitude greater than sliding without current. Since the amount of generation increased, it was necessary to reduce the amount of wear during sliding energization.
本発明のガス絶縁開閉装置は、消弧性ガスを封入した金属容器内に可動部と固定部とを有し、前記可動部は可動子と可動側接触子を有し、前記可動子は前記固定部に設けられた固定側接触子と接離可能に対向配置して構成する。前記可動子は、開閉動作時に前記可動子が前記可動側接触子及び前記固定側接触子と通電しつつ摺動する摺動通電部と、閉極状態において前記可動子が前記可動側接触子及び前記固定側接触子と通電接触する固定通電部を有する。前記固定通電部に第一の材料により皮膜を形成する。前記摺動通電部に、前記第一の材料よりも大きな電気抵抗率を有する第二の材料により皮膜を形成する。
The gas insulated switchgear of the present invention has a movable part and a fixed part in a metal container filled with an arc extinguishing gas, the movable part has a movable element and a movable side contact, and the movable element The fixed side contact provided in the fixed portion is arranged so as to face and separate from the fixed side contact. The movable element includes a sliding energization unit that slides while the movable element is energized with the movable contact and the stationary contact during an opening / closing operation, and the movable element in the closed state is the movable contact and A fixed energization portion that is in electrical contact with the fixed contact; A film is formed of the first material on the fixed energization portion. A film is formed on the sliding energization portion with a second material having a larger electrical resistivity than the first material.
上記のように固定通電部は低抵抗接触で、摺動通電部は高抵抗接触とすることで、電流開閉時の電極摩耗量が少なくなり、発生する金属異物量が低減することにより、この異物に起因する絶縁性能低下を低減させることが可能となる。
As described above, the fixed energization part is a low resistance contact, and the sliding energization part is a high resistance contact, so that the amount of electrode wear during current switching is reduced and the amount of metal foreign matter generated is reduced. It is possible to reduce the insulation performance degradation due to the above.
本発明の実施例を図面により説明する。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図１は本発明の一実施例によるガス絶縁開閉装置（ＧＩＳ）としてのガス絶縁断路器であり、閉極状態を示している。この断路器は金属容器１内に高気圧ＳＦ6ガスを代表とする絶縁性ガスを充填させて高い絶縁性能を確保することにより小形化と信頼性を両立している。
FIG. 1 shows a gas insulated disconnector as a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) according to an embodiment of the present invention, and shows a closed state. This disconnector is compatible with miniaturization and reliability by filling the metal container 1 with an insulating gas typified by high-pressure SF 6 gas to ensure high insulation performance.
断路器の主要な機能は課電部と停電部の絶縁を確保することであり、接地電位である金属容器１内に絶縁スペーサ２ａ、２ｂで高電圧部を支持しつつ開閉動作を行う。
The main function of the disconnector is to ensure the insulation between the charging section and the power failure section, and the switching operation is performed while supporting the high voltage section with the insulating spacers 2a and 2b in the metal container 1 which is at the ground potential.
図１は閉極状態であり、電流通電状態である。つまり、導体３ａと導体３ｂ間は電気的に接続された状態であり、固定側シールド固定導体４ａ、固定側接触子５ａ、可動子８、可動側接触子５ｂ、可動側シールド固定導体４ｂを介して電流が流れる。
Fig. 1 shows a closed state and a current-carrying state. That is, the conductor 3a and the conductor 3b are in an electrically connected state via the fixed side shield fixed conductor 4a, the fixed side contactor 5a, the mover 8, the movable side contactor 5b, and the movable side shield fixed conductor 4b. Current flows.
図２は開極状態であり、この場合は導体３ａ、３ｂ間は電気的に切断されており、電流が流れない状態である。この閉極から開極に移行する場合には、金属容器外の操作器（不図示）が操作レバー６を回転駆動し、可動子８を図１の位置から図２の位置に移動させる。
FIG. 2 shows an open state. In this case, the conductors 3a and 3b are electrically disconnected, and no current flows. When shifting from the closed position to the open position, an operating device (not shown) outside the metal container rotates the operating lever 6 to move the mover 8 from the position shown in FIG. 1 to the position shown in FIG.
なお、高電圧部と金属容器１間の絶縁、及び、開極時の固定側と可動側の絶縁を確保するために固定側シールド７ａ及び可動側シールド７ｂが配置されている。
In addition, in order to ensure the insulation between a high voltage part and the metal container 1, and the insulation of the fixed side and movable side at the time of opening, the fixed side shield 7a and the movable side shield 7b are arrange | positioned.
このような開極動作時には、可動子８は固定側接触子５ａ及び可動側接触子５ｂと擦れながら移動することになる。固定側接触子５ａは開極が始まってしばらくすると接触が外れるが、可動側接触子５ｂは開極動作が終了しても可動子と常に接触した状態のままである。
In such an opening operation, the movable element 8 moves while rubbing against the stationary contact 5a and the movable contact 5b. The fixed contact 5a is released from contact after a while, but the movable contact 5b remains in contact with the mover even after the opening operation is completed.
このように接触子と可動子が擦れることで電極が摩耗することになるため、可動子の母材としてよく使用される無酸素銅やアルミニウム合金に数十μｍから数百μｍの厚みの銀めっきが施され、表面を滑らかにするとともに摩擦力が低下するようにして摩耗量が少なくなるように構成される。
Since the electrodes are worn by rubbing the contact and the mover in this way, silver plating with a thickness of several tens to several hundreds of μm is applied to oxygen-free copper or aluminum alloy that is often used as a base material of the mover. Is applied to reduce the amount of wear by smoothing the surface and reducing the frictional force.
一方、閉極時には電流を流す場合に発熱を抑えるために、電気抵抗が低くなるような材質が求められる。このため、電気抵抗率の低い銀めっきは接触部によく使用され、従来は接触部である接触子と可動子表面に銀めっきを施すことが通常であった。
On the other hand, a material with low electrical resistance is required to suppress heat generation when a current is passed during closing. For this reason, silver plating with a low electrical resistivity is often used for the contact portion, and conventionally, it has been usual to perform silver plating on the contactor and the surface of the mover that are the contact portions.
しかしながら、電流を流しながら摺動通電させる場合には、電流を流さない摺動に比べると桁違いに摩耗による異物発生量が多いことや、必ずしも電気抵抗の低い材質が摩耗量を低減させるとは限らないことがわかってきた。
However, when energizing a slide while passing an electric current, the amount of foreign matter generated due to wear is much larger than that of a slide not carrying an electric current, and a material with low electrical resistance does not necessarily reduce the amount of wear. I know that it is not limited.
図３に摺動時の通電電流を変化させたときの銀めっきの摩耗量を比較した図を示す。１０００Ａの通電電流における摺動時の銀めっきの磨耗量を１としたうえで、通電電流が０Ａ及び２０００Ａにおける銀めっきの磨耗量を示している。なお、０Ａにおける値は電流が流れていないときに摺動した場合の銀めっきの磨耗量を示す。これによれば、電流が流れていないときに比べて、電流が流れている場合は摩耗量が多くなることと、電流が増加すると摩耗量も大幅に増加することがわかる。
Fig. 3 shows a comparison of the amount of wear of silver plating when the energization current during sliding is changed. The amount of wear of silver plating during sliding at an energization current of 1000 A is set to 1, and the amount of wear of silver plating at an energization current of 0 A and 2000 A is shown. In addition, the value in 0A shows the abrasion amount of silver plating at the time of sliding when an electric current is not flowing. According to this, it can be seen that the amount of wear increases when the current flows compared to when no current flows, and that the amount of wear increases significantly when the current increases.
また、図４は材質の異なる銀めっきと錫めっきの接触部を摺動通電させた場合の摩耗量の比較である。より具体的には、可動子及び接触子ともに銀めっきを施した場合と、可動子に錫めっきを施し接触子に銀めっきを施した場合の摺動通電時の磨耗量の比較である。
Also, FIG. 4 is a comparison of the amount of wear when the contact portions of silver plating and tin plating of different materials are slid and energized. More specifically, this is a comparison of the amount of wear during sliding energization when both the mover and the contact are plated with silver, and when the mover is plated with tin and the contact is plated with silver.
図４から明らかなように銀－銀接触の場合に比べて、錫－銀接触は摩耗量が少ないことがわかる。このことは電流を流しながら摺動する場合は電気抵抗率が高い材質の摩耗量が少ないことを示している。
As is clear from FIG. 4, the wear amount of the tin-silver contact is smaller than that of the silver-silver contact. This indicates that the amount of wear of a material having a high electrical resistivity is small when sliding while passing an electric current.
本発明では、上記に示した摺動通電する可動子部分（以下、摺動通電部８ｂという。）は固定通電する可動子部分（以下、固定通電部８ａという。）に比べて高い電気抵抗率となる材質で接触するようにしている。
In the present invention, the above-described movable portion that is energized for sliding (hereinafter referred to as the sliding energized portion 8b) has a higher electrical resistivity than the movable portion that is fixedly energized (hereinafter referred to as the fixed energized portion 8a). It is made to contact with the material which becomes.
例えば、図６の可動子８に示しているように、固定通電部８ａは母材である無酸素銅の表面に銀めっきを施してあり、摺動通電部８ｂは母材の無酸素銅の表面に錫めっきを施している。０℃の条件における銀の電気抵抗率は１．４７（Ω・ｍ）であり、同条件における錫の電気抵抗率は１１．５（Ω・ｍ）である。よって、錫のほうが銀に比べ約７．８倍電気抵抗率が高い。
For example, as shown in the mover 8 of FIG. 6, the fixed energizing portion 8a is silver-plated on the surface of oxygen-free copper as a base material, and the sliding energizing portion 8b is made of oxygen-free copper as a base material. The surface is tinned. The electrical resistivity of silver under the condition of 0 ° C. is 1.47 (Ω · m), and the electrical resistivity of tin under the same condition is 11.5 (Ω · m). Therefore, the electric resistivity of tin is about 7.8 times higher than that of silver.
この可動子のそれぞれの材質を施す範囲を説明するために、開極時の各タイミングでの開極動作の模式図を図５に示す。図５には電流波形も示しており、断路器の負荷電流やループ電流を遮断する状態を示している。
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the opening operation at each timing at the time of opening in order to explain the range in which each material of the mover is applied. FIG. 5 also shows a current waveform, which shows a state in which the load current and loop current of the disconnector are interrupted.
図５に示す（ａ）以前では断路器は閉極状態であり、接触子と可動子には固定通電部を通して５０Ｈｚの交流電流が流れている。（ａ）で開極指令が入ると、可動子が移動し始め、（ｂ）の時間で固定側接触子と可動子の物理的な接触が離れることになる。
Before (a) shown in FIG. 5, the disconnector is in a closed state, and a 50 Hz alternating current flows through the contact and the mover through the fixed energization unit. When the opening command is input in (a), the mover starts to move, and the physical contact between the stationary contact and the mover is separated in the time (b).
このときの電流が比較的大きい場合は固定側接触子と可動子先端はアーク放電により電気的に通電し、状態（ｃ）に示すアーク放電が生じる。さらに時間が経過すると、アーク放電は消弧し電流が流れなくなる状態（ｄ）となり、最終的には可動子全体がシールド内に収納されて開極状態である状態（ｅ）となり、開極動作が終了する。
If the current at this time is relatively large, the stationary contact and the tip of the mover are electrically energized by arc discharge, and arc discharge shown in state (c) occurs. When the time further elapses, the arc discharge is extinguished and the current stops flowing (d). Finally, the entire mover is housed in the shield and is in the open state (e), and the opening operation is performed. Ends.
可動子は上述のように動作するため、（ａ）～（ｂ）の時間範囲において可動子が物理的に固定側接触子に接触している範囲は電気抵抗率の高い材質で構成し、また、（ａ）～（ｄ）の時間範囲において可動子が可動側接触子と接触している範囲は電気抵抗率の高い材質で構成する。
Since the mover operates as described above, the range in which the mover is physically in contact with the stationary contact in the time range (a) to (b) is made of a material having a high electrical resistivity. The range in which the movable element is in contact with the movable contact in the time range of (a) to (d) is made of a material having a high electrical resistivity.
また、（ｂ）～（ｄ）までは固定側接触子と可動子先端はアーク放電が発生しているので、アーク放電による金属溶融を低減させるために、図６に示すように、可動子先端部８ｃを銅タングステン合金のような高融点材料にするのが好ましい。なお、アーク放電にさらされる可動子先端部８ｃは金属膜ではすぐに消耗してしまうため、銅タングステン合金を母材８ｄと銀ロウ付けなどによる接着により構成する。
In addition, since (b) to (d) arc discharge occurs at the stationary contact and the tip of the mover, in order to reduce metal melting due to arc discharge, as shown in FIG. The part 8c is preferably made of a high melting point material such as a copper tungsten alloy. Since the mover tip 8c exposed to the arc discharge is quickly consumed by the metal film, a copper tungsten alloy is formed by bonding the base material 8d and silver brazing.
図６のさらに詳細な構成を図７に示す。可動子母材８ｄである無酸素銅の表面に数十μｍ～数百μｍの膜厚の電気抵抗率の低い銀めっきを固定通電部８ａに施し、その銀めっきの表面に数十μｍ～数百μｍの膜厚の電気抵抗率の高い錫めっきを摺動通電部８ｂに施す。また、図８には母材の上に直接錫めっきを施した例も示しており、どちらも効果は同じである。
FIG. 7 shows a more detailed configuration of FIG. The surface of the oxygen-free copper that is the mover base material 8d is subjected to silver plating with a thickness of several tens to several hundreds of μm on the fixed energizing portion 8a, and the surface of the silver plating is several tens of μm to several A tin plating having a high electrical resistivity with a thickness of 100 μm is applied to the sliding energization portion 8b. FIG. 8 also shows an example in which tin plating is directly performed on the base material, and the effect is the same in both cases.
なお、ここで示した材質は一例であり、必ずしも無酸素銅、銀、錫、銅タングステン合金である必要はない。可動子母材８ｄとしては無酸素銅以外にアルミニウムやアルミニウム合金のような比較的電気抵抗率の低い金属材料を用いることが可能であり、摺動通電部８ｂは母材や固定通電部８ａに比べて電気抵抗率が高くなるように亜鉛、クロム、ニッケルなどの材質を使用しても摺動通電による摩耗量低減の効果がある。
In addition, the material shown here is an example and does not necessarily need to be an oxygen free copper, silver, tin, copper tungsten alloy. As the mover base material 8d, a metal material having a relatively low electrical resistivity such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be used in addition to oxygen-free copper, and the sliding energizing portion 8b is used as the base material or the fixed energizing portion 8a. Even if materials such as zinc, chromium and nickel are used so that the electrical resistivity is higher than that, there is an effect of reducing the amount of wear due to sliding current.
以下、摺動通電部８ｂを高抵抗率の材質とすることで摺動通電時の摩耗量を低減できる理由を図９を用いて説明する。図９は接触子と可動子の接触摺動部で起こる摩耗現象をミクロ的視点で示したものである。
Hereinafter, the reason why the amount of wear during sliding energization can be reduced by using the sliding energization portion 8b as a high resistivity material will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a microscopic view of the wear phenomenon that occurs at the contact sliding portion between the contact and the mover.
図９（ａ）は接触子と移動している可動子の接触点で瞬間的に電流が流れている様子であり、接触している点は非常に小さなスポットであるため、このスポットでは電流密度が極めて高い電流が流れる。極めて高い電流が流れると、そのジュール熱により図９（ｂ）に示すように接触部が高温となり金属が溶融して、可動子の移動とともに溶融金属が引き伸ばされる。さらに可動子が移動すると、この引き伸ばされた溶融金属が沸騰破壊して外部に飛散することになり、この飛散により可動子が摩耗することになる。
FIG. 9A shows a state in which current flows instantaneously at the contact point between the contact and the moving mover. Since the contact point is a very small spot, the current density at this spot is shown in FIG. However, a very high current flows. When an extremely high current flows, the Joule heat causes the contact portion to reach a high temperature as shown in FIG. 9B, and the metal melts, and the molten metal is stretched as the mover moves. When the mover further moves, the stretched molten metal is destroyed by boiling and scattered outside, and the mover wears due to the scattering.
可動子の金属材料の電気抵抗率が低い場合は、ジュール熱の発生が少ないため金属溶融してから沸騰破壊までの時間が長く、溶融金属が長く引き伸ばされてしまい沸騰破壊する量が多くなる。
When the electrical resistivity of the metal material of the mover is low, since the generation of Joule heat is small, the time from the melting of the metal to the boiling failure is long, and the molten metal is stretched long and the amount of boiling failure increases.
一方、金属材料の電気抵抗率が高い場合は、ジュール熱の発生が多いことから沸騰破壊までの時間が短くなり、溶融金属がすぐに沸騰するために沸騰破壊する量は少なくなる。このために、可動子の摺動通電部の電気抵抗が高いほうが摩耗量は少なくなる。
On the other hand, when the electrical resistivity of the metal material is high, since Joule heat is generated frequently, the time to boiling failure is shortened, and the amount of boiling failure is reduced because the molten metal boils immediately. For this reason, the higher the electrical resistance of the sliding current-carrying portion of the mover, the smaller the amount of wear.
以上のように本発明の可動電極構造により、金属異物の発生が少なく絶縁信頼性の高い断路器を提供することができる。また、この可動電極構造は、遮断器、接地開閉器等のガス絶縁開閉機器に容易に適用することが可能であるので、金属異物の発生が少なく絶縁信頼性の高いガス絶縁開閉機器を提供することが可能である。
As described above, with the movable electrode structure of the present invention, it is possible to provide a disconnector having high insulation reliability with less generation of metallic foreign matter. Further, since this movable electrode structure can be easily applied to gas-insulated switchgear such as a circuit breaker and a ground switch, a gas-insulated switchgear with less generation of metallic foreign matter and high insulation reliability is provided. It is possible.
１ 金属容器，２ａ、２ｂ 絶縁スペーサ，３ａ、３ｂ 導体，４ａ 固定側シールド固定導体，４ｂ 可動側シールド固定導体，５ａ 固定側接触子，５ｂ 可動側接触子，６ 可動子操作レバー，７ａ 固定側シールド電極，７ｂ 可動側シールド電極，８ 可動子，８ａ 固定通電部，８ｂ 摺動通電部，８ｃ 可動子先端部，８ｄ 可動子母材
1 metal container, 2a, 2b insulating spacer, 3a, 3b conductor, 4a fixed shield fixed conductor, 4b movable shield fixed conductor, 5a fixed contact, 5b movable contact, 6 mover operating lever, 7a fixed side Shield electrode, 7b Movable shield electrode, 8 Movable element, 8a Fixed energizing part, 8b Sliding energizing part, 8c Movable element tip, 8d Movable element base material
Claims (3)
- 消弧性ガスを封入した金属容器内に可動部と固定部とを有し、前記可動部は可動子と可動側接触子を有し、前記固定部は固定側接触子を有し、前記可動子は前記固定側接触子と接離可能に対向配置されたガス絶縁開閉機器において、前記可動子は開閉動作時に前記可動子が前記可動側接触子及び前記固定側接触子と通電しつつ摺動する摺動通電部と、閉極状態において前記可動子が前記可動側接触子及び前記固定側接触子と通電接触する固定通電部を有し、前記固定通電部に第一の材料により皮膜を形成し、前記摺動通電部に、前記第一の材料よりも大きな電気抵抗率を有する第二の材料により皮膜を形成した、ガス絶縁開閉機器。 A metal container filled with arc-extinguishing gas has a movable part and a fixed part. The movable part has a movable element and a movable contact. The fixed part has a fixed contact. In the gas-insulated switchgear arranged so that the child can come into contact with and separate from the fixed contact, the mover slides while the mover is energized with the movable contact and the fixed contact during the opening and closing operation. And a sliding energization part that has a fixed energization part in which the movable element is in electrical contact with the movable contactor and the fixed contact in a closed state, and a film is formed on the fixed energization part by a first material. A gas-insulated switchgear in which a film is formed on the sliding energization portion with a second material having a higher electrical resistivity than the first material.
- 前記第一の材料を銀とし、前記第二の材料は、錫、亜鉛、ニッケル又はクロムのうちの一種とする、請求項１記載のガス絶縁開閉機器。 The gas insulated switchgear according to claim 1, wherein the first material is silver, and the second material is one of tin, zinc, nickel or chromium.
- 前記可動子の先端部分を銅タングステン合金により構成する、請求項１又は２記載のガス絶縁開閉機器。 The gas insulated switchgear according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a tip portion of the mover is made of a copper tungsten alloy.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012-200062 | 2012-09-12 | ||
| JP2012200062A JP2016012388A (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | Gas-insulation opening/closing equipment |
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| WO2014041857A1 true WO2014041857A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
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| PCT/JP2013/065823 WO2014041857A1 (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2013-06-07 | Gas-insulated switchgear |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1012074A (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-16 | Toshiba Corp | Discharge electrode and manufacture thereof |
| JP2001006468A (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2001-01-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Gas insulated breaker |
| JP2011119067A (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Breaker |
-
2012
- 2012-09-12 JP JP2012200062A patent/JP2016012388A/en active Pending
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- 2013-06-07 WO PCT/JP2013/065823 patent/WO2014041857A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1012074A (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-16 | Toshiba Corp | Discharge electrode and manufacture thereof |
| JP2001006468A (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2001-01-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Gas insulated breaker |
| JP2011119067A (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Breaker |
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