WO2014038853A1

WO2014038853A1 - Gasifier

Info

Publication number: WO2014038853A1
Application number: PCT/KR2013/007990
Authority: WO
Inventors: 이중원; 김의식; 김성철; 김광신
Original assignee: 한국전력공사
Priority date: 2012-09-06
Filing date: 2013-09-04
Publication date: 2014-03-13
Also published as: KR20140032174A; KR101386254B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a gasifier, comprising: an inlet for receiving a raw material and oxygen at an upper part thereof; a reaction unit for producing synthetic gas and slag by causing incomplete combustion between the raw material and the oxygen received through the inlet; a slag tap located at a lower end of the reaction unit for discharging the synthetic gas and the slag through a lower end thereof; a cooling unit which receives the synthetic gas and the slag discharged from the slag tap and includes a cooling material; a discharging unit which is provided at the lower end of the slag tap and increases the synthetic gas received in the cooling unit so as to discharge the synthetic gas to the outside; and a dust collection unit formed between the cooling unit and the synthetic gas discharging unit for removing impurities included in the synthetic gas increased in the cooling unit. The gasifier according to one embodiment of the present invention reduces an equipment space and an equipment cost by including the dust collection unit on the inside thereof without including an additional dust collection unit on the outside thereof so as to remove the impurities included in the synthetic gas.

Description

Gasifier

The present invention relates to a gasifier, and more particularly, to a gasifier capable of removing impurities of syngas by a device provided therein without using a separate device.

Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation means the production of synthesis gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by incomplete combustion of energy raw materials such as coal and biomass under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Power generation that produces electricity by driving steam turbine together.

In the gasifier provided in the gasification combined cycle power plant, the raw material is incompletely burned to generate a synthesis gas, and after the synthesis gas is produced, the raw material turns into slag and is discharged to the outside.

By the way, the synthesis gas produced from the top-down gasifier of the type of gasifier passes through the cooling water provided at the bottom of the gasifier to the side of the gasifier, in which the impurities such as fly ash, coal briquettes, ash, etc. A lot is included.

Conventional power plants are equipped with a separate dust collector outside the gasifier to remove such impurities from the synthesis gas, this separate dust collector has a disadvantage in terms of space constraints and costs in the power plant.

The present invention has been proposed to solve at least some of the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to remove impurities in the gasifier without providing a separate device outside the gasifier to remove impurities contained in the syngas. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gasifier that can reduce installation space and equipment costs.

In the technical aspect for achieving the above object, the present invention, the raw material and the inlet portion is injected with oxygen; and the raw material injected into the inlet causes oxygen and incomplete combustion reaction to produce synthesis gas and slag And a slag tab positioned at a lower end of the reaction part and allowing syngas and slag to flow out to a lower end thereof, and a cooling unit in which syngas and slag flowing out of the slag tab flow in and provided with a cooling material. Synthetic gas discharge portion is provided at the lower end of the tab and the syngas is introduced to the cooling unit and then discharged to the outside; and formed between the cooling unit and the syngas discharge unit to rise in the synthesis gas It provides a gasifier comprising a; dust collector for removing the contained impurities.

Preferably, the dust collector is a removal unit for separating the impurities contained in the synthesis gas from the synthesis gas; And a fixing part surrounding the slag tab at an upper portion of the cooling part and fixed to the inner wall of the gasifier.

Also preferably, the removing unit may include graphite and the like.

Preferably, the dust collecting unit may further include a spray unit for spraying the coolant from the top.

Also preferably, the slag tab may further include a bubble decomposition unit for reducing the size of the bubbles of the synthesis gas discharged to the lower end.

Preferably, the bubble decomposition unit may be provided in the sawtooth shape on the slag tab.

Also preferably, the bubble decomposition unit may be formed of an opening formed at the bottom of the slag tab.

Preferably, the gasifier includes a purifying unit for purifying the cooling material flowing out of the cooling unit; And a recycling unit for recycling the cooling material flowing out of the purification unit back to the cooling unit.

Preferably, the gasifier may further include an injection unit so that the cooling material flowing out of the purification unit is injected from the upper end of the dust collecting unit.

According to such a gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to remove impurities contained in the synthesis gas, it is possible to remove impurities from the gasifier without installing a separate device outside the gasifier. And the cost of equipment is reduced.

1 is a front sectional view of a gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG. 1;

Figure 3 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the slag tab provided in the gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the embodiments described below are suitable embodiments for understanding the technical features of the present invention gasifier. However, the technical features of the present invention are not limited by the embodiments to which the present invention is limited or applied to the embodiments described below, and various modifications are possible in the technical scope of the present invention.

Gasifier 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is the inlet portion 111 is a raw material and oxygen is injected from the upper portion; and the reaction unit 112 is a synthesis gas and slag is produced; and the slag tab (slag discharged) 120; and a cooling unit 130 for cooling the slag; and a syngas discharge unit 140 through which the syngas is discharged; and a dust collecting unit 150 for removing impurities in the syngas.

Referring to FIG. 1, in the case of the top-down gasifier 100 in which the generated synthesis gas is discharged from the bottom of the gasifier, an inlet 111 through which the raw material of the gasification reaction and oxygen are introduced is provided at the top of the gasifier 100. In addition, the raw material and oxygen introduced into the lower end of the inlet 111 is provided with a reaction unit 112 for producing a synthesis gas by incomplete combustion reaction.

The slag tab 120 is provided at the lower end of the reaction unit 112 so that the hot slag remaining after the incomplete combustion reaction of the raw material is discharged from the reaction unit 112, and the slag flowing out at the lower end of the slag tab 120. Cooling unit 130 for cooling the is provided.

In this case, when the synthesis gas generated in the reaction unit 112 flows out, the slag tab 120 has a lower end in contact with a cooling material to dissolve impurities included in the synthesis gas and to cool the temperature of the synthesis gas. It may be provided to be located inside the cooling unit 130.

On the other hand, the lower side of the gasifier 100 may be provided with a syngas discharge unit 140 for discharging the syngas passing through the cooling material, the syngas to pass through the syngas discharge unit 140 The dust collector 150 may be provided at the upper portion of the cooling unit 130 and at the bottom of the syngas discharge unit 140 in the gasifier 100 so as to remove impurities.

1 and 2, the dust collecting unit 150 includes a removing unit 151 for separating impurities contained in the synthesis gas from the synthesis gas, and the removing unit 151 is formed on the inner wall of the gasifier 100. It may be provided as a fixing portion 152 to be fixed.

First, the removal unit 151 may be made of a material such as graphite so that pulverized coal, fly ash, etc. do not pass through the syngas discharge unit 140 and flow back into the cooling material provided in the cooling unit 130. have.

For example, the graphite may be introduced into the cooling unit 130, and some of the impurities contained in the synthesis gas may be dissolved in the cooling material, and some may not be dissolved, and flow out to the upper portion.

At this time, graphite having a property of sliding when these impurities hit the surface so that fine molecules constituting pulverized coal, fly ash, etc. contained in the synthesis gas cannot collide with each other in the traveling direction and can be separated from the synthesis gas. It may be provided inside.

By the way, the material constituting the removal unit 151 separating the impurities from the synthesis gas, such as graphite, has a sufficient amount of pores so that the synthesis gas from which the impurities are removed can easily flow out to the synthesis gas discharge unit 140. It is preferably provided in the form.

However, referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the dust collecting part 150 has a removing part 151 made of a material such as graphite having sufficient voids in the gasifier 100, in particular, in the outflow path of the synthesis gas. The inner side surrounds the slag tab 120 and the outer side is fixed to the gasifier inner wall 113 so that the lower end is located above the cooling unit 130 and the upper end is positioned below the syngas discharge unit 140. have.

That is, the dust collecting unit 150 is located above the cooling unit 130 so as not to get wet with the cooling material, but must be below the syngas discharge unit 140 through which syngas is discharged.

In addition, the dust collecting unit 150 is located at the upper portion of the cooling unit 130 and the lower portion of the syngas discharge unit 140 to prevent the synthesis gas from which impurities are not removed into the syngas discharge unit 140. The outer side is in close contact with the gasifier inner wall 113, and the inner side is preferably provided in a hollow cylindrical shape surrounding the slag tab 120.

However, the fixing unit 152 is provided to fix the removal unit 151 provided in the form of small particles such as graphite to be located inside the gasifier.

In one embodiment, the fixing part 152 is provided in the form of a wire mesh so that a predetermined amount of granules having sufficient air gaps are not separated from each other, and the removal part 151 using various fixing means (not shown) such as bolt nuts or welding. It may be fixed between the cooling unit 130 and the syngas discharge unit 140.

In addition, the dust collector 150 may easily separate impurities such as coal briquettes and fly ash from the synthesis gas from the synthesis gas in the removal unit 151 and flow out to the cooling unit 130. One side may further include an injection unit 153 for injecting a cooling material toward the dust collector 150.

By the way, the injection unit 153 for injecting the cooling material is the upper end of the current collector and may be provided in plurality on one side of the gasifier 100, depending on the amount of syngas flowing out of the slag tab 120 It is preferable that the number of injection units 153 and the injection amount of the cooling material injected from the injection unit 153 are determined.

On the other hand, in order to facilitate the removal of impurities such as coal briquettes, fly ash and the like contained in the syngas, it is preferable to increase the contact area when the syngas comes into contact with graphite and the like in the removal unit 151.

To this end, the bubble breaker 125 may be provided to reduce the bubble size of the syngas flowing out from the cooling unit 130.

1 and 3, the bubble disintegrating unit 125 is provided in the form of a sawtooth (125a) at the bottom of the slag tab 120, or consists of an opening (125b) formed at the bottom of the slag tab 120. Some of the synthesis gas passing through the slag tab 120 passes through the bubble decomposition unit 125 and is discharged in the form of a small bubble size.

On the other hand, the cooling unit 130 is provided with a cooling material, the synthesis gas and slag generated in the reaction unit 112 is introduced into the cooling unit 130.

However, the cooling material provided in the cooling unit 130 continues to cool because the synthetic gas containing impurities such as coal briquettes and fly ashes and slag, which are formed after the incomplete combustion, are formed by dissolving small particles. In the past, the cooling material was continuously replaced because it could not be used.

By the way, the gasifier 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with a purification unit 160 for purifying the cooling material flowing out of the cooling unit 130 at the lower portion of the cooling unit 130, the purification unit The recirculation unit 170 is provided with the cooling material flowing out from the 160 flowing back into the cooling unit.

The recirculation unit 170 includes a pump 173 so that the purified cooling material passes through the purification unit 160 to be recycled, and the cooling material is returned to the inlet 176 of the cooling unit 130. It may include a first recirculation pipe 171 to be introduced and a second recirculation pipe 172 to be introduced into the injection unit 153.

In addition, the first recirculation pipe 171 and the second recirculation pipe 172 may be controlled by the first valve 174 and the second valve 175, the amount of inflow or inflow.

The controller 177 may further include a controller 177 for controlling the injection amount and the injection timing of the cooling material flowing into the injection unit 153 through the second recirculation pipe 172.

Hereinafter, the operation and effect of the gasifier 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

In the gasifier 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, fossil raw materials such as pulverized coal introduced from the inlet 111, oxygen are introduced, and incomplete combustion occurs in the reaction unit 112, and carbon monoxide is caused by such incomplete combustion. Syngas and slag containing hydrogen, etc. are produced.

In the case of the top-down gasifier 100, the synthesis gas and the slag generated in the reaction unit 112 are introduced into the cooling unit 130 through the slag tab 120.

In particular, the lower end of the slag tab 120 is provided so as to be located inside the cooling material provided in the cooling unit 130, both the synthesis gas and the slag flows into the cooling unit 130.

First, referring to the flow of the synthesis gas indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1, the synthesis gas is changed into a small size while passing through the bubble cracking unit 125, and impurities such as pulverized coal and fly ash in the synthesis gas from the cooling material. Is primarily dissolved in these cooling materials and separated from the syngas.

However, some of the syngas is dissolved in the cooling material, but the other part rises to the upper portion of the cooling unit 130 again and flows out to the syngas discharge unit 140.

At this time, residual impurities of the syngas are removed by the dust collector 150 provided between the syngas discharge unit 140 and the cooling unit 130 before passing through the syngas discharge unit 140.

In one embodiment, the dust collecting unit 150 is provided with a removing unit 151 for separating such residual impurities from the synthesis gas, which will be described using graphite as an example.

The graphite is slid from the surface of the graphite when it is in contact with the residual material such as fly ash, pulverized coal, and the like, causing the remaining impurities in the synthesis gas to fall toward the cooling unit 130 in the gravity direction.

As a result, the syngas from which impurities are removed flows out to the syngas discharge unit 140 and the impurities flow into the cooling unit 130 and are discharged from the gasifier 100 together with the cooling material.

However, when the cooling material is injected from the injection unit 153 provided on the dust collecting unit 150, residual impurities that may be included in the synthesis gas passing through the dust collecting unit 150 are removed.

In addition, when the impurity in the synthesis gas is lowered in contact with the removing unit 151 in the dust collecting unit 150, a cooling material is injected so that such impurities do not stick to the surface of graphite or the like provided in the removing unit 151. It is further prevented from slipping into the cooling unit 130 and flowing out of the gasifier 100.

By the way, graphite is only one example of constituting the removal unit 151, and of course, various materials capable of separating such impurities from the synthesis gas are also possible.

In addition, the slag is discharged from the slag tab 120 to the cooling unit 130 and cooled by the cooling material, and the outside of the gasifier 100 through the outlet 131 of the lower end of the gasifier 100. Spills into.

At this time, not only the inflow of the slag but also impurities included in the synthesis gas flow into the cooling unit 130. The cooling material including such materials may be reused again through the purification unit 160.

In addition, the cooling fluid from which impurities are removed by the purifying unit 160 is recycled by the recirculating unit 160 so that the cooling material is supplied without supplying a new cooling material from the outside of the gasifier 100.

That is, a part of the first recirculation pipe 171 passes through the inlet part 176 of the side of the gasifier 100 and is used to cool the slag and syngas, and the other part of the second recirculation pipe 172. Through the injection unit 153 is reused.

Recycling of these cooling materials provides not only environmental benefits but also cost savings.

While the invention has been shown and described in connection with specific embodiments so far, it will be appreciated that the invention can be varied and modified without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the claims below. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art can easily know.

Claims

An inlet portion through which raw material and oxygen are injected;

A reaction part in which the raw material injected into the inlet part produces an incomplete combustion reaction with oxygen to produce syngas and slag;

A slag tab positioned at a lower end of the reaction part and configured to discharge syngas and slag to the lower end;

A cooling unit in which the synthesis gas and slag flowing out of the slag tab are introduced and a cooling material is provided;

A synthesis gas discharge unit provided at a lower end of the slag tab, and the synthesis gas flows into the cooling unit and then rises and is discharged to the outside;

A dust collecting part formed between the cooling part and the syngas discharge part to remove impurities contained in the syngas rising from the cooling part;

Gasifier is configured to include.
The method of claim 1, wherein the dust collecting unit

A removal unit separating the impurities contained in the synthesis gas from the synthesis gas; And

A fixing part surrounding the slag tab at an upper portion of the cooling part and fixing the removing part to an inner wall of the gasifier;

Gasifier characterized in that it comprises a.
The method of claim 2,

The removal unit is a gasifier comprising a graphite and the like.
The method of claim 1,

The gasifier further comprises a spraying unit for injecting a cooling material from the upper end.
The method of claim 1,

The slag tab further comprises a bubble decomposition unit for reducing the size of the bubbles of the synthesis gas discharged to the lower; gasifier further comprises.
The method of claim 5,

The gas disintegrating unit is a gasifier, characterized in that provided in the sawtooth shape on the slag tab.
The method of claim 5,

The gas dissolving unit is a gasifier comprising an opening formed in the bottom of the slag tab.
The method of claim 1,

Purifying unit for purifying the cooling material flowing out of the cooling unit; And

A recycling unit for recycling the cooling material flowing out of the purification unit back to the cooling unit;

The gasifier is configured to further include.
The method of claim 8,

And a spraying unit such that the cooling material flowing out of the purifying unit is sprayed from the upper end of the dust collecting unit.