WO2014032413A1 - 数据包的处理方法、控制器及系统 - Google Patents

数据包的处理方法、控制器及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014032413A1
WO2014032413A1 PCT/CN2013/071327 CN2013071327W WO2014032413A1 WO 2014032413 A1 WO2014032413 A1 WO 2014032413A1 CN 2013071327 W CN2013071327 W CN 2013071327W WO 2014032413 A1 WO2014032413 A1 WO 2014032413A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data packet
switch
forwarding rule
controller
broadcast
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2013/071327
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李建飞
曾毓珑
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2014032413A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014032413A1/zh
Priority to US14/616,825 priority Critical patent/US9571382B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/18—Loop-free operations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1863—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast comprising mechanisms for improved reliability, e.g. status reports
    • H04L12/1877—Measures taken prior to transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1886—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with traffic restrictions for efficiency improvement, e.g. involving subnets or subdomains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/32—Flow control; Congestion control by discarding or delaying data units, e.g. packets or frames

Definitions

  • the present invention claims to be submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on August 31, 2012, and the application number is 201210318795. 1.
  • TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of network communication technologies, and in particular, to a data packet processing method, a controller, and a system. Background technique
  • the data center adopts a fully connected network structure to improve the efficiency of network communication.
  • the structure of a fully connected network can be: The switches on different layers are connected in pairs, and each switch on the bottom layer is connected to a certain number of hosts. When a switch in the network receives a broadcast packet, it needs to belong to the virtual LAN to which the switch belongs.
  • VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
  • broadcast packets are flooded (f lo 0 ding ) on all ports except the receiving port.
  • the broadcast packet may be repeatedly broadcast on the formed loop, causing a broadcast storm.
  • a fully connected network can be implemented based on Software Defined Network (SDN) technology.
  • SDN Software Defined Network
  • a network using SDN technology usually includes several network devices and controllers that control these network devices.
  • the core of SDN is to separate the control plane and data forwarding plane of a network device (such as a switch).
  • the data forwarding plane forwards data based on a flow table.
  • the control plane provides an interface application programming interface (Appl icat ion Programming). Interface , API ) is controlled by the controller (Control l er ).
  • the routing table in the switch is initially empty. When the received data packet cannot find a matching forwarding rule in the routing table of the switch, the switch requests the forwarding rule by reporting the data packet to the controller, according to the control.
  • each S represents a switch (Switch).
  • the switch is divided into two layers, namely a core switch and an access switch, and each h represents a connection.
  • the host connected to the switch.
  • the controller (Controller) is connected to each switch, and the switches on different layers are connected in pairs, each access switch The machine connects two hosts.
  • the Spanning Tree Protocol can be used to broadcast data in the network.
  • STP Spanning Tree Protocol
  • the network topology is constructed according to the tree structure of the switches in the network, and a switch is selected as the root bridge device from the tree structure.
  • each switch forms a tree step by step, and the root bridge device sends the tree periodically.
  • Configure the packet After receiving the configuration packet, the non-root bridge device recalculates the configuration information and forwards the configuration packet.
  • a switch can receive configuration packets from more than two ports, the switch connects to the root bridge.
  • the device has more than one transmission link, and a forwarding loop is formed between the switch and the root bridge device. At this point, the switch selects one port and blocks other ports, eliminating the forwarding loops in the network.
  • a method, a controller, and a system for processing a data packet are provided to solve the problem that the STP is used to suppress the broadcast storm in the prior art, resulting in a decrease in the utilization rate of the network link.
  • the first aspect provides a method for processing a data packet, where the method includes:
  • the controller receives the data packet reported by the switch that does not match the forwarding rule.
  • the forwarding rule After determining that the type of the data packet is a broadcast data packet, generating a forwarding rule for the data packet, where the forwarding rule includes the action attribute being discarded;
  • the forwarding rule further includes: an aging time, so that the switch discards the data packet when the data packet is received again in the aging time.
  • the method further includes:
  • the set attribute information includes at least one of the following information: a protocol type, a source address, a destination address, Source port number, destination port number, virtual LAN ID VLAN ID, VLAN priority, Ethernet type.
  • the method before the sending the forwarding rule of the data packet to the switch, the method further includes: setting an action of the data packet The attribute is broadcast;
  • the data packet is sent to the switch such that the switch broadcasts the data packet based on the action attribute of the data packet.
  • the forwarding rule includes at least one The following information of the data packet: protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number, VLAN ID, VLAN priority, Ethernet type, service type.
  • a controller in a second aspect, includes:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive, by the switch, a data packet that is not matched to the forwarding rule
  • a determining unit configured to determine that the type of the data packet received by the receiving unit is a broadcast data packet
  • a generating unit configured to: after the determining unit determines that the type of the data packet is a broadcast data packet, Generating a forwarding rule, where the forwarding rule includes the action attribute as discarding;
  • a sending unit configured to send a forwarding rule of the data packet generated by the generating unit to the switch, so that when the switch receives the data packet again, the data packet is discarded according to an action attribute of the forwarding rule.
  • the forwarding rule generated by the generating unit further includes: an aging time, so that the switch discards the data packet when the aging time receives the data packet again. data pack.
  • the determining unit is further configured to: when determining that the attribute information of the data packet matches the set attribute information, triggering Generating a unit to generate a forwarding rule for the data packet;
  • the set attribute information includes at least one of the following information: protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number, VLAN ID, VLAN priority, and Ethernet type.
  • the method further includes:
  • a setting unit configured to set an action attribute of the data packet received by the receiving unit to be broadcast; and the sending unit is further configured to send the data packet that is set by the setting unit to be broadcasted to the broadcast Said switch, so that said switch broadcasts said data according to an action attribute of said data packet Package.
  • a third aspect provides a processing system for a data packet, where the system includes a controller and a plurality of switches connected to the controller, where the multiple switches form a ring network, and the multiple Any switch in the switch is the first switch;
  • the first switch is configured to receive a forwarding rule of the data packet sent by the controller, where an action attribute of the forwarding rule of the data packet is discarded; and, after the receiving the data packet again, according to the The action attribute of the forwarding rule of the packet discards the packet.
  • the switch when the switch receives the data packet and does not match the forwarding rule of the data packet, the switch reports the data packet to the controller, and when the controller determines that the data packet is a broadcast data packet, generates a forwarding rule for the data packet.
  • the forwarding rule includes the action attribute being discarded, and the forwarding rule is sent to the switch. Since the switch is located in the fully connected network, when the switch receives the data packet again, the switch can match the forwarding rule of the data packet, and discard the data packet according to the action attribute of the forwarding rule of the data packet, thereby preventing The switch repeatedly broadcasts the data packet, preventing the broadcast storm from being generated.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture based on SDN
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for processing a data packet according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a method for processing a data packet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a switch connection in a fully connected network according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4B is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method for processing a data packet of the present invention in conjunction with FIG. 4A
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a controller of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a processing device for a data packet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a processing system for a data packet of the present invention. detailed description
  • the following embodiments of the present invention provide a method, a controller, and a system for processing a data packet.
  • FIG. 2 it is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for processing a data packet according to the present invention.
  • the embodiment describes a process of broadcasting a data packet from a controller side:
  • Step 201 The controller receives the data packet reported by the switch that does not match the forwarding rule.
  • the switch When the switch does not match the forwarding rule of the data packet, it indicates that the data packet is the data packet received by the switch for the first time. In this case, the switch reports the data packet to the controller, requesting the controller to deliver the forwarding policy for the data packet.
  • Step 202 After determining that the type of the data packet is a broadcast data packet, generate a forwarding rule for the data packet, where the forwarding rule includes the action attribute being discarded.
  • the controller needs to identify the type of the data packet in the embodiment to process the broadcast data packet. Wherein, when identifying the type of the data packet, it may be based on the destination MAC (Medium/Media Access Control) address of the data packet. When the destination MAC address is all "F", the type of the data packet may be determined. For broadcasting packets.
  • MAC Medium/Media Access Control
  • the data packet that is sent by the switch is the first time that the switch receives the data packet, so the controller may generate a forwarding rule for the data packet as a forwarding policy of the data packet, where the forwarding rule may include at least one type of the packet.
  • the following information about the packet : protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number, virtual local area network (VLAN) identifier (ID), VLAN priority, Ethernet type, service type,
  • the forwarding rule may not include the ingress port of the data packet on the switch.
  • the forwarding rule further includes the action attribute as the discarding.
  • the forwarding rule may further include an aging time.
  • the broadcast data packet may be further subdivided into different types of broadcast data packets. Therefore, in the embodiment, the controller may further identify the attribute information of the broadcast data packet after the data packet is the broadcast data packet.
  • the preset attribute information is matched to satisfy the user's processing requirements for a specific type of broadcast data packet.
  • the set attribute information may include at least one of the following information: protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number, VLAN ID, VLAN priority, and Ethernet type. For example, for Address Resolution Protocol (Address Reso lution Protocol, which is a broadcast packet) ARP) data packet and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) data packet.
  • Address Resolution Protocol Address Reso lution Protocol, which is a broadcast packet
  • ARP Address Resolution Protocol
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • the attribute information of the ARP data packet may be preset, when received.
  • the data packet is a broadcast data packet, it is further confirmed whether the attribute information of the data packet matches the attribute information of the ARP data packet.
  • the forwarding rule is generated according to the ARP data packet.
  • Step 203 Send a forwarding rule of the data packet to the switch, so that when the switch receives the data packet again, the data packet is discarded according to an action attribute of the forwarding rule.
  • the controller may set the action attribute of the data packet to be broadcast, and send the set data packet to the switch, so that the control switch broadcasts the data packet; After the controller sends the forwarding rule to the switch, the switch can save the forwarding rule.
  • the switch can again receive the packet according to the action attribute included in the forwarding rule. Packets to avoid broadcast storms in the network.
  • the switch may discard the data packet when the data packet is received again during the aging time.
  • the switch when the switch receives the data packet and does not match the forwarding rule of the data packet, the switch reports the data packet to the controller, and after determining that the data packet is the broadcast data packet, the controller generates and forwards the data packet. Rule, the forwarding rule includes the action attribute being discarded, and the forwarding rule is sent to the switch. Since the switch is located in the fully connected network, when the switch receives the data packet again, the switch can match the forwarding rule of the data packet, and discard the data packet according to the action attribute of the forwarding rule of the data packet, thereby preventing the The switch repeatedly broadcasts the packet, preventing the broadcast storm from being generated.
  • the present invention does not need to shield the ports of the switch, the broadcast storm in the network can be avoided. Therefore, for the fully connected network, the forwarding capability of the port and the number of available transmission links in the network are ensured, and the network is improved accordingly. The utilization of the transmission link.
  • FIG. 3 it is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method for processing a data packet according to the present invention.
  • the embodiment describes a process of broadcasting a data packet from a switch side:
  • Step 301 The switch receives the data packet.
  • Step 302 When the forwarding rule of the data packet is not matched, the data packet is reported to the controller. When the switch does not match the forwarding rule of the data packet, it indicates that the data packet is the data packet received by the switch for the first time. In this case, the switch reports the data packet to the controller, requesting the controller to deliver the forwarding policy for the data packet.
  • Step 303 Receive a forwarding rule generated by the controller for the data packet, where the forwarding rule is a forwarding rule generated by the controller after the type of the data packet is a broadcast data packet, and the forwarding rule includes an action attribute. For discarding.
  • the controller needs to identify the type of the data packet in the embodiment to process the broadcast data packet.
  • the type of the data packet may be determined to be a broadcast data packet.
  • the data packet that is reported by the switch is the data packet that is received by the switch for the first time.
  • the controller may generate a forwarding rule that is a forwarding policy of the data packet according to the data packet.
  • the forwarding rule may include at least one type of the forwarding rule.
  • the following information of the data packet : protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number, VLAN ID, VLAN priority, Ethernet type, service type, the forwarding rule may not include the packet in the switch
  • the inbound port is also included in the forwarding rule.
  • the forwarding rule also includes the aging time.
  • the broadcast data packet may be further subdivided into different types of broadcast data packets. Therefore, in the embodiment, the controller may further identify the attribute information of the broadcast data packet after the data packet is the broadcast data packet.
  • the preset attribute information is matched to satisfy the user's processing requirements for a specific type of broadcast data packet.
  • the set attribute information may include at least one of the following information: protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number, VLAN ID, VLAN priority, and Ethernet type.
  • the controller may set the action attribute of the data packet to be broadcast, and send the set data packet to the switch, and the switch broadcasts in the network according to the action attribute of the data packet.
  • the data packet after the switch receives the forwarding rule generated by the controller according to the data packet, the switch can save the forwarding rule.
  • Step 304 When the data packet is received again, the data packet is discarded according to the action attribute included in the forwarding rule.
  • the switch may discard the re-received data packet according to the action attribute included in the forwarding rule, thereby avoiding a broadcast storm in the network.
  • the switch when the switch receives the data packet and does not match the forwarding rule of the data packet, the switch reports the data packet to the controller, and after determining that the data packet is the broadcast data packet, the controller generates and forwards the data packet. Rule, the forwarding rule includes the action attribute being discarded, and the forwarding rule is sent to the switch.
  • the present invention does not need to shield the ports of the switch, the broadcast storm in the network can be avoided. Therefore, for the fully connected network, the forwarding capability of the port and the number of available transmission links in the network are ensured, and the network is improved accordingly. The utilization of the transmission link.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a switch connection in a fully connected network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the core switch includes a switch 1, and the switch 2, and the access switch includes a switch 3 and a switch 4, wherein the switch 1 and the switch 2 are respectively connected to the switch 3 and the switch 4, and each switch includes the port 1 and the port 2 .
  • the solid line connecting the ports indicates the link connection between the switches, and the broken line indicates the flow direction of the data packets transmitted on the above link.
  • the four switches shown in Figure 4A are each connected to a controller, where the controller is not shown in Figure 4A.
  • FIG. 4B it is a flowchart of a third embodiment of a method for broadcasting a data packet according to the present invention. This embodiment describes a process of processing a data packet in detail in conjunction with FIG. 4A:
  • Step 401 The switch receives the data packet.
  • Step 402 The switch does not match the forwarding rule of the data packet, and reports the data packet to the controller. It is assumed that the data packet received by the port 2 of the switch 4 is the data packet received by the switch 4 for the first time, so the switch 4 does not match the forwarding rule of the data packet, and the switch 4 reports the data packet to the controller, requesting the controller to The packet is delivered with a forwarding policy.
  • Step 403 The controller determines that the data packet is a broadcast data packet, and determines that the attribute information of the data packet matches the set attribute information.
  • the controller may determine that the data packet is a broadcast data packet; then, the controller matches the attribute information of the broadcast data packet with the preset attribute information, the setting
  • the attribute information may include at least one of the following information: protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number, VLAN ID, VLAN priority, and Ethernet type. It is assumed that, in this embodiment, the attribute information preset by the user is the protocol type ARP, and after the controller further determines that the protocol type of the broadcast data packet is ARP, after the broadcast data packet is identified, the subsequent step 404 is performed.
  • Step 404 The controller sets the action attribute of the data packet to be broadcast, and generates a forwarding rule for the data packet, where the forwarding rule includes the action attribute as discarding, and the aging time.
  • the controller sets the action of the data packet.
  • the attribute is broadcast so that the switch 4 can broadcast the first received packet.
  • the controller generates a forwarding rule for the data packet received by the switch 4, where the forwarding rule includes at least one of the following information of the data packet: a protocol type, a source address, a destination address, a source port number, and a destination port number.
  • the forwarding rule may not include the ingress port of the packet on the switch.
  • the forwarding rule is generated, the action attribute is discarded, and the aging time is used.
  • the subsequent switch 4 receives the data packet again, the data packet that is received again may be discarded within the set aging time according to the action attribute.
  • Step 405 The controller sends the data packet and the forwarding rule of the data packet to the switch.
  • Step 406 The switch broadcasts the data packet sent by the controller according to the action attribute of the data packet, and discards the data packet according to the action attribute included in the forwarding rule when the data packet is received again during the aging time of the forwarding rule.
  • the switch 4 may, after receiving the data packet sent by the controller, broadcast the data packet through the port 1 according to the action attribute set in the data packet; Subsequently, when the switch 4 receives the data packet matching the information in the forwarding rule again, and the aging time of the forwarding rule has not been exceeded, the switch 4 may discard the data packet, thereby avoiding a broadcast storm in the network.
  • FIG. 4A when the switch broadcasts the received data packet to the port 1 of the switch 2 through the port 1, the switch 2 performs the process consistent with the foregoing switch 4. Similarly, the switch 3 and the switch 1 are received according to FIG. 4B. When the transmission of the data packet in the packet flows to the transmitted data packet, the process consistent with the foregoing switch 4 is performed, and details are not described herein again.
  • the switch when the switch receives the data packet and does not match the forwarding rule of the data packet, the switch reports the data packet to the controller, and after determining that the data packet is the broadcast data packet, the controller generates and forwards the data packet. Rule, the forwarding rule includes the action attribute being discarded, and the forwarding rule is sent to the switch. Since the switch is located in the fully connected network, when the switch receives the data packet again, the switch can match the forwarding rule of the data packet, and discard the data packet according to the action attribute of the forwarding rule of the data packet, thereby preventing the The switch repeatedly broadcasts the packet, preventing the broadcast storm from being generated.
  • the present invention does not need to shield the ports of the switch, the broadcast storm in the network can be avoided. Therefore, for the fully connected network, the forwarding capability of the port and the number of available transmission links in the network are ensured, and the network is improved accordingly. The utilization of the transmission link.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of a network architecture in which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • the controllers are connected to switches S l, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6, respectively.
  • S3 is connected to hosts h21 and h22
  • S4 is connected to the host.
  • S5 is connected to hosts h25 and h26
  • S6 is connected to h27 and h28.
  • the host 21 sends an ARP request packet in the network for requesting the MAC address of the h27
  • the ARP request packet is a broadcast packet that needs to be controlled by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • An example of processing a data packet to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied is described below with reference to FIG. 5, which is implemented based on OpenFlow (OpenFlow) of SDN technology, and the processing procedure thereof is as follows:
  • OpenFlow OpenFlow
  • Host h21 sends an ARP request packet to switch S3;
  • the switch S3 searches for the forwarding rule of the ARP request packet. When the switch S3 does not find the forwarding rule that matches the ARP request packet, the switch reports the ARP request packet to the controller in the form of "Packetln" defined in the Openflow. Request a forwarding policy from the controller;
  • the controller learns the source of the host h21 through the ARP request packet.
  • the MAC address and the source IP address, and the protocol type "0x0806" of the ARP request packet identifies that the packet is an ARP packet, so the action (action attribute) of the ARP request packet is set to broadcast, and this is
  • the ARP request packet is sent to the switch S3 in the form of "PacketOut" defined in Openflow, and an exact matching forwarding rule is generated according to the ARP request packet, and the forwarding rule may not include the ingress port of the packet on the switch.
  • the action attribute of the forwarding rule is set to discard, and the aging time of the forwarding rule is set to 5s (seconds).
  • the forwarding rule can include 11 tuples.
  • the subsequent packets received by the switch S3 match the forwarding rule. In the case of 11 tuples, the packet is discarded to prevent broadcast storms.
  • the example of 11 tuples included in the forwarding rule can be as follows:
  • the sixth tuple nw_dst represents the destination IP address (IP destination address)
  • the seventh tuple group nw_src represents the source IP address (IP source address)
  • the type or lower 8 bits are the IP protocol or lower 8 bits of ARP Operation code
  • the ninth tuple nw_tos indicates the IP type of service
  • the tenth tuple tp_dst indicates the transmission control.
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • the destination port number (TCP/UDP destination port)
  • the first ⁇ 1 tuple tp_src indicates the TCP or UDP source port number (TCP/UDP source port);
  • the switch S3 transmits the ARP request packet to the switch S6 connected to the host h27 according to the transport flow of the data packet, and each switch involved in the foregoing transmission process performs the switch with the switch S3 when receiving the ARP request data packet. The process is not repeated here;
  • the switch S6 After the switch S6 broadcasts the ARP request packet to the host h27, the switch obtains the ARP reply packet sent by the host h27, and the switch S6 does not have the forwarding rule matching the ARP reply packet, and reports the ARP reply packet to the controller, requesting The ARP reply packet forwarding policy;
  • the controller After receiving the ARP reply packet, the controller configures the ARP reply packet to be transmitted to the host h21 in a unicast manner according to the source MAC address and the source IP address of the host h21 that has been learned, thereby implementing the MAC address of the host h21 to the host h27. Learning.
  • the present invention also provides an embodiment of a controller, a processing device for a data packet, a switch, and a processing system for a data packet.
  • controllers, devices, switches, and systems for performing the foregoing method embodiments are controllers, devices, switches, and systems for performing the foregoing method embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 a block diagram of an embodiment of a controller of the present invention:
  • the controller includes a receiving unit 610, a determining unit 620, a generating unit 630, and a transmitting unit 640.
  • the receiving unit 610 is configured to receive a data packet that is not matched by the switch to the forwarding rule
  • the determining unit 620 is configured to determine that the type of the data packet received by the receiving unit 610 is a broadcast data packet.
  • the generating unit 630 is configured to: after the determining unit 620 determines that the type of the data packet is a broadcast data packet, generate a forwarding rule for the data packet, where the forwarding rule includes the action attribute as discarding;
  • the sending unit 640 is configured to send a forwarding rule of the data packet generated by the generating unit 630 to the switch, so that when the switch receives the data packet again, the data is discarded according to an action attribute of the forwarding rule. package.
  • the forwarding rule generated by the generating unit 630 further includes: an aging time, so that the switch discards the data packet when the switch receives the data packet again during the aging time.
  • the determining unit 620 is further configured to: when determining that the attribute information of the data packet matches the set attribute information, trigger the generating unit 630 to generate a forwarding rule for the data packet;
  • the set attribute information includes at least one of the following information: protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number, VLAN ID, VLAN priority, and Ethernet type.
  • the controller may further include: (not shown in FIG. 6): a setting unit, configured to set an action attribute of the data packet received by the receiving unit 610 to be broadcast; the sending unit 640, The method is further configured to send the data packet that is set by the setting unit to an activity attribute to be broadcast to the switch, so that the switch broadcasts the data packet according to an action attribute of the data packet.
  • the controller receives the data packet that is not matched by the switch to the forwarding rule, and after determining that the data packet is a broadcast data packet, generates a forwarding rule for the data packet, and the forwarding rule includes the action attribute as discarding.
  • the forwarding rule is sent to the switch. Since the switch is located in the fully connected network, when the switch receives the data packet again, the switch can match the forwarding rule of the data packet, and discard the data packet according to the action attribute of the forwarding rule of the data packet, thereby preventing the The switch repeatedly broadcasts the packet, preventing the broadcast storm from being generated. At the same time, since the present invention does not need to shield the ports of the switch, the broadcast storm in the network can be avoided. Therefore, for the fully connected network, the forwarding capability of the port and the number of available transmission links in the network are ensured, and the network is improved accordingly. The utilization of the transmission link.
  • a processing device for a data packet disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention is:
  • the processing device includes: at least one communication bus 710, at least one network interface 720, memory
  • the communication bus 710 is configured to connect the components in the processing device, including the network interface 720, the memory 730, the processor 740, and the like, to implement communication between the foregoing components;
  • a network interface 720 configured to implement an access network
  • the memory 730 includes:
  • the receiving unit 731 is configured to receive a data packet that is not matched by the switch to the forwarding rule, and the determining unit 732 is configured to determine that the type of the data packet received by the receiving unit 731 is a broadcast data packet.
  • the determining The unit 732 is further configured to: when the attribute information of the data packet is matched with the set attribute information, trigger the generating unit 733 to generate a forwarding rule for the data packet; where the set attribute information includes at least one The following information: protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number, VLAN ID, VLAN priority, Ethernet type;
  • a generating unit 733 configured to: after the determining unit 732 determines that the type of the data packet is a broadcast data packet, generate a forwarding rule for the data packet, where the forwarding rule includes the action attribute as discarding;
  • the forwarding rule generated by the generating unit 733 may further include an aging time, so that the switch discards the data packet when the data packet is received again during the aging time.
  • the sending unit 734 is configured to send a forwarding rule of the data packet generated by the generating unit 733 to And the switch, when the switch receives the data packet again, discarding the data packet according to an action attribute of the forwarding rule.
  • the memory 730 may further include: (not shown in FIG. 7): a setting unit, configured to set an action attribute of the data packet received by the receiving unit 731 to be broadcast; the sending unit 734, The method is further configured to send the data packet that is set by the setting unit to an activity attribute to be broadcast to the switch, so that the switch broadcasts the data packet according to an action attribute of the data packet.
  • a setting unit configured to set an action attribute of the data packet received by the receiving unit 731 to be broadcast
  • the sending unit 734 The method is further configured to send the data packet that is set by the setting unit to an activity attribute to be broadcast to the switch, so that the switch broadcasts the data packet according to an action attribute of the data packet.
  • the processor 740 is configured to perform the functions of each unit in the memory 730.
  • the controller receives the data packet that is not matched by the switch to the forwarding rule, and after determining that the data packet is a broadcast data packet, generates a forwarding rule for the data packet, and the forwarding rule includes the action attribute as discarding.
  • the forwarding rule is sent to the switch. Since the switch is located in the fully connected network, when the switch receives the data packet again, the switch can match the forwarding rule of the data packet, and discard the data packet according to the action attribute of the forwarding rule of the data packet, thereby preventing the The switch repeatedly broadcasts the packet, preventing the broadcast storm from being generated. At the same time, since the present invention does not need to shield the ports of the switch, the broadcast storm in the network can be avoided. Therefore, for the fully connected network, the forwarding capability of the port and the number of available transmission links in the network are ensured, and the network is improved accordingly. The utilization of the transmission link.
  • FIG. 8 a block diagram of an embodiment of a processing system for a data packet of the present invention is as follows:
  • the system includes: a controller 810 as shown in the foregoing embodiment, and a plurality of switches 820 connected to the controller 810, the plurality of switches 820 forming a ring network, and any one of the plurality of switches 820 is The first switch 821.
  • a controller 810 as shown in the foregoing embodiment
  • a plurality of switches 820 connected to the controller 810, the plurality of switches 820 forming a ring network, and any one of the plurality of switches 820 is The first switch 821.
  • three switches 820 are shown, and one of the switches is provided as the first switch 821 described in the embodiment.
  • the first switch 821 is configured to receive a forwarding rule of the data packet sent by the controller 810, where an action attribute of the forwarding rule of the data packet is discarded, and is further used to: after receiving the data packet again And discarding the data packet according to an action attribute of a forwarding rule of the data packet.
  • controller 810 for a detailed description of the controller 810 in the foregoing embodiment, reference may be made to the foregoing embodiments shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, and details are not described herein again.
  • the switch when the switch receives the data packet and does not match the forwarding rule of the data packet, the switch reports the data packet to the controller, and after determining that the data packet is the broadcast data packet, the controller generates and forwards the data packet. Rule, the forwarding rule includes the action attribute being discarded, and the forwarding rule is sent to the switch. Since the switch is located in the fully connected network, when the switch receives the data packet again, the switch can match the forwarding rule of the data packet, and discard the action according to the action attribute of the forwarding rule of the data packet. The packet, which prevents the switch from repeatedly broadcasting the packet, prevents the broadcast storm from being generated.
  • the present invention does not need to shield the ports of the switch, the broadcast storm in the network can be avoided. Therefore, for the fully connected network, the forwarding capability of the port and the number of available transmission links in the network are ensured, and the network is accordingly improved. The utilization of the transmission link.
  • the techniques in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform.
  • the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a software product, and the computer software product may be stored in a storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM. , a diskette, an optical disk, etc., comprising instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention or in certain portions of the embodiments.
  • a computer device which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.

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Abstract

数据包的处理方法、控制器及系统，该方法包括：控制器接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包；在确定所述数据包的类型为广播数据包后，为所述数据包生成转发规则，所述转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃；发送所述数据包的转发规则给所述交换机，以便所述交换机再次接收所述数据包时，根据所述转发规则的动作属性丢弃所述数据包。由于本发明无需对交换机的端口进行屏蔽，就可以避免网络中的广播风暴，因此对于全连通网络来说，保证了端口的转发能力和网络中可用传输链路的数量，相应提高了网络中传输链路的利用率。

Description

数据包的处理方法、 控制器及系统 本发明要求于 2012年 8月 31日提交中国专利局、申请号为 201210318795. 1、 发明名称为 "数据包的处理方法、 控制器及系统" 的中国专利申请的优先权， 其 全部内容通过引用结合在本发明中。 技术领域 本发明涉及网络通信技术领域， 特别是涉及数据包的处理方法、 控制器及系 统。 背景技术
通常数据中心采用全连通网络结构， 以提高网络通信效率， 一种全连通网络 的结构可以为： 不同层上的交换机两两相连， 最底层每个交换机连接一定数量的 主机。 当网络中的交换机收到广播数据包时， 需要在该交换机所属虚拟局域网
( Virtual Local Area Network, VLAN) 内， 除了接收端口外的所有端口上对广 播数据包进行洪泛 （f lo0ding )。 但是， 当全连通网络中存在环路时， 广播数据 包可能在所形成的环路上进行重复广播， 从而引起广播风暴。
全连通网络可以基于软件定义的网络 （Software Defined Network, SDN) 技术实现。 应用 SDN技术的网络中通常包括若干网络设备和对这些网络设备进行 控制的控制器。 SDN的核心是将网络设备 （如交换机） 的控制面和数据转发面进 行分离， 其中数据转发面基于转发表 （Flow Table ) 进行数据转发， 控制面通过 提供接口应用程序编程接口 （Appl icat ion Programming Interface , API ) 供控 制器 （Control l er ) 进行控制。 在 SDN网络中， 交换机内的路由表初始时为空， 当接收到的数据包在交换机的路由表内找不到匹配的转发规则时， 交换机通过上 报数据包到控制器请求转发规则， 根据控制器下发的转发规则对数据包进行转 发， 并将该转发规则保存到路由表中， 通常控制器默认下发给交换机的转发规则 为广播该数据包。 参见图 1， 为基于 SDN的全连通网络架构示意图： 图 1中， 每 个 S代表一个交换机 （Switch ) , 交换机分为两层， 分别为核心交换机和接入交 换机， 每个 h 代表一个与接入交换机相连的主机 （host )。 其中， 控制器 ( Control l er ) 与每个交换机相连， 不同层上的交换机两两相连， 每个接入交换 机连接两个主机。
为了避免广播风暴， 现有技术中可以采用生成树协议 （Spanning Tree Protocol , STP ) 对网络中的数据进行广播。 采用 STP 时， 对网络中的交换机按 照树形结构构造网络拓扑， 从树形结构中选择一个交换机作为根桥设备， 从根桥 设备开始， 各个交换机逐级形成一棵树， 根桥设备定时发送配置报文， 非根桥设 备接收配置报文后， 重新计算配置信息， 并对配置报文进行转发， 如果某台交换 机可以从两个以上的端口接收到配置报文， 则该交换机到根桥设备的传输链路不 止一条， 该交换机与根桥设备之间形成了转发环路。 此时， 该交换机选择一个端 口， 并屏蔽其它端口， 从而消除网络中的转发环路。
发明人在对现有技术的研究中发现， 由于交换机需要通过屏蔽端口克服广播 风暴的发生， 因此抑制了网络中端口的转发能力， 对于全连通网络来说， 相当于 减少了网络中可用传输链路的数量， 从而降低了网络中传输链路的利用率。 发明内容
本发明实施例中提供了数据包的处理方法、 控制器及系统， 以解决现有技术 中采用 STP抑制广播风暴， 导致网络链路的利用率降低的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题， 本发明实施例公开了如下技术方案：
第一方面， 提供一种数据包的处理方法， 所述方法包括：
控制器接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包；
在确定所述数据包的类型为广播数据包后， 为所述数据包生成转发规则， 所 述转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃；
发送所述数据包的转发规则给所述交换机， 以便所述交换机再次接收所述数 据包时， 根据所述转发规则的动作属性丢弃所述数据包。
结合第一方面， 在第一种可能的实现方式中， 所述转发规则还包括： 老化时间， 以便所述交换机在所述老化时间内再次接收所述数据包时丢弃所 述数据包。
结合第一方面， 或第一种可能的实现方式， 在第二种可能的实现方式中， 所 述在确定所述数据包的类型为广播数据包后， 还包括：
确定所述数据包的属性信息与设置的属性信息匹配时， 执行所述根据所述数 据包生成转发规则； 其中，
所述设置的属性信息包括至少一种下述信息： 协议类型、源地址、 目的地址、 源端口号、 目的端口号、 虚拟局域网标识 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型。 结合第一方面， 或第一种可能的实现方式， 在第三种可能的实现方式中， 所 述发送所述数据包的转发规则给所述交换机之前， 还包括： 设置所述数据包的动 作属性为广播；
将所述数据包发送给所述交换机， 以便所述交换机根据所述数据包的动作属 性广播所述数据包。
结合第一方面， 或第一种可能的实现方式， 或第二种可能的实现方式， 或第 三种可能的实现方式， 在第四种可能的实现方式中， 所述转发规则中包括至少一 种所述数据包的下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地址、 源端口号、 目的端口 号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型、 服务类型。
第二方面， 提供一种控制器， 所述控制器包括：
接收单元， 用于接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包；
确定单元， 用于确定所述接收单元接收到的数据包的类型为广播数据包； 生成单元， 用于在所述确定单元确定所述数据包的类型为广播数据包后， 为 所述数据包生成转发规则， 所述转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃；
发送单元， 用于发送所述生成单元生成的所述数据包的转发规则给所述交换 机， 以便所述交换机再次接收所述数据包时， 根据所述转发规则的动作属性丢弃 所述数据包。
结合第二方面， 在第一种可能的实现方式中， 所述生成单元生成的转发规则 中还包括： 老化时间， 以便所述交换机在所述老化时间内再次接收所述数据包时 丢弃所述数据包。
结合第二方面， 或第一种可能的实现方式， 在第二种可能的实现方式中， 所 述确定单元， 还用于确定所述数据包的属性信息与设置的属性信息匹配时， 触发 所述生成单元执行为所述数据包生成转发规则； 其中，
所述设置的属性信息包括至少一种下述信息： 协议类型、源地址、 目的地址、 源端口号、 目的端口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型。
结合第二方面， 或第一种可能的实现方式， 在第三种可能的实现方式中， 还 包括：
设置单元， 用于设置所述接收单元接收到的所述数据包的动作属性为广播； 所述发送单元， 还用于将由所述设置单元设置了动作属性为广播的所述数据 包发送给所述交换机， 以便所述交换机根据所述数据包的动作属性广播所述数据 包。
第三方面， 提供一种数据包的处理系统， 所述系统包括本发明实施例描述的 控制器和与所述控制器相连的多个交换机， 所述多个交换机组成环形网络， 所述 多个交换机中的任意一个交换机为第一交换机；
所述第一交换机， 用于接收所述控制器发送的数据包的转发规则， 所述数据 包的转发规则的动作属性为丢弃； 还用于在再次接收到所述数据包后， 根据所述 数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃所述数据包。
本发明实施例中， 交换机接收数据包， 且未匹配到数据包的转发规则时， 向 控制器上报该数据包， 控制器确定该数据包为广播数据包时， 为所述数据包生成 转发规则， 转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃， 将该转发规则发送给交换机。 由于该 交换机位于全连通网络中， 在该交换机再次接收到该数据包时， 该交换机能够匹 配到该数据包的转发规则， 并且根据该数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃该数据 包， 从而防止了该交换机对该数据包的重复广播， 阻止了广播风暴的产生。 同时， 由于本发明无需对交换机的端口进行屏蔽， 就可以避免网络中的广播风暴， 因此 对于全连通网络来说， 保证了端口的转发能力和网络中可用传输链路的数量， 相 应提高了网络中传输链路的利用率。 附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案， 下面将对实施例 或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 对于本领域普 通技术人员而言， 在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其 他的附图。
图 1为基于 SDN的网络架构示意图；
图 2为本发明数据包的处理方法的一个实施例流程图；
图 3为本发明数据包的处理方法的另一个实施例流程图；
图 4A为本发明实施例应用的一个全连通网络中的交换机连接示意图； 图 4B为结合图 4A的本发明数据包的处理方法的另一个实施例流程图； 图 5为应用本发明实施例的一个网络架构示意图；
图 6为本发明控制器的实施例框图；
图 7为本发明数据包的处理装置的实施例框图；
图 8为本发明数据包的处理系统的实施例框图。 具体实施方式
本发明如下实施例提供了数据包的处理方法、 控制器及系统。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明实施例中的技术方案， 并使本发 明实施例的上述目的、 特征和优点能够更加明显易懂， 下面结合附图对本发明实 施例中技术方案作进一步详细的说明。
参见图 2， 为本发明数据包的处理方法的一个实施例流程图， 该实施例从控 制器侧描述了对数据包进行广播的过程：
步骤 201 : 控制器接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包。
当交换机未匹配到数据包的转发规则时， 说明该数据包为交换机首次接收到 的数据包， 此时交换机将数据包上报给控制器， 请求控制器为该数据包下发转发 策略。
步骤 202 : 在确定所述数据包的类型为广播数据包后， 为所述数据包生成转 发规则， 所述转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃。
由于广播数据包会引发全连通网络中的广播风暴， 因此本实施例中控制器需 要对数据包的类型进行识别， 以便针对广播数据包进行处理。 其中， 在识别数据 包的类型时， 可以依据数据包的目的 MAC ( Medium/Media Access Control , 介质 访问控制） 地址， 当目的 MAC地址为全为 " F" 时， 则可以确定该数据包的类型 为广播数据包。
其中， 由于交换机上报的数据包为该交换机首次接收到的该数据包， 因此控 制器可以为该数据包生成后续作为该数据包的转发策略的转发规则， 该转发规则 中可以包括至少一种该数据包的下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地址、 源端 口号、 目的端口号、 虚拟局域网（Virtual Local Area Network, VLAN)标识 （ID )、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型、 服务类型， 该转发规则中可以不包括该数据包在交换 机上的入端口； 同时， 该转发规则中还包括动作属性为丢弃； 可选的， 转发规则 中还可以包括老化时间。
可选的， 由于广播数据包还可以进一步细分为不同类型的广播数据包， 因此 本实施例中控制器还可以在识别出数据包为广播数据包后， 进一步将广播数据包 的属性信息与预先设置的属性信息进行匹配， 以便满足用户对特定类型广播数据 包的处理需求。 其中， 设置的属性信息可以包括至少一种下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地址、 源端口号、 目的端口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类 型。例如， 对于都为广播数据包的地址解析协议（Address Reso lution Protocol , ARP)数据包和动态主机设置协议 ( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol , DHCP) 数据包， 如果用户自定义需要对 ARP数据包应用本发明实施例， 则可以预先设置 ARP数据包的属性信息， 当接收到的数据包为广播数据包时， 进一步确认该数据 包的属性信息是否与 ARP数据包的属性信息匹配， 当匹配时， 说明该广播数据包 为 ARP数据包， 则根据该 ARP数据包生成转发规则。
步骤 203 : 发送所述数据包的转发规则给所述交换机， 以便所述交换机再次 接收所述数据包时， 根据所述转发规则的动作属性丢弃所述数据包。
本实施例中， 对于交换机首次上报的该数据包， 控制器可以通过设置该数据 包的动作属性为广播， 并将设置后的数据包下发给交换机， 以便控制交换机对该 数据包进行广播； 当控制器将转发规则发送给交换机后， 交换机可以保存该转发 规则， 后续交换机根据转发规则中包括的信息确认再次接收到该数据包时， 可以 根据该转发规则中包括的动作属性丢弃再次接收到的数据包， 从而避免网络中的 广播风暴。
进一步， 当转发规则中还包括老化时间时， 则交换机可以在该老化时间内再 次接收到该数据包时丢弃该数据包。
由上述实施例可见， 交换机接收数据包， 且未匹配到数据包的转发规则时， 向控制器上报该数据包， 控制器在确定该数据包为广播数据包后， 为所述数据包 生成转发规则， 转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃， 将该转发规则发送给交换机。 由 于交换机位于全连通网络中， 在该交换机再次接收到数据包时， 该交换机能够匹 配到该数据包的转发规则， 并且根据该数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃该数据 包， 从而防止了该交换机对该数据包的重复广播， 阻止了广播风暴的产生。 同时， 由于本发明无需对交换机的端口进行屏蔽， 就可以避免网络中的广播风暴， 因此 对于全连通网络来说， 保证了端口的转发能力和网络中可用传输链路的数量， 相 应提高了网络中传输链路的利用率。
参见图 3， 为本发明数据包的处理方法的另一个实施例流程图， 该实施例从 交换机侧描述了对数据包进行广播的过程：
步骤 301 : 交换机接收数据包。
步骤 302: 当未匹配到该数据包的转发规则时， 向控制器上报该数据包。 当交换机未匹配到数据包的转发规则时， 说明该数据包为交换机首次接收到 的数据包， 此时交换机将数据包上报给控制器， 请求控制器为该数据包下发转发 策略。 步骤 303 : 接收控制器发送的为该数据包生成的转发规则， 该转发规则为控 制器确定该数据包的类型为广播数据包后， 为该数据包生成的转发规则， 该转发 规则包括动作属性为丢弃。
由于广播数据包会引发全连通网络中的广播风暴， 因此本实施例中控制器需 要对数据包的类型进行识别， 以便针对广播数据包进行处理。 其中， 在识别数据 包的类型时， 可以依据数据包的目的 MAC地址， 当目的 MAC地址为全为 " F " 时， 则可以确定该数据包的类型为广播数据包。
其中， 由于交换机上报的数据包为该交换机首次接收到的该数据包， 因此控 制器可以根据该数据包生成后续作为该数据包的转发策略的转发规则， 该转发规 则中可以包括至少一种该数据包的下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地址、 源 端口号、 目的端口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型、 服务类型， 该转发 规则中可以不包括该数据包在交换机上的入端口； 同时， 该转发规则中还包括动 作属性为丢弃； 可选的， 转发规则中还可以包括老化时间。
可选的， 由于广播数据包还可以进一步细分为不同类型的广播数据包， 因此 本实施例中控制器还可以在识别出数据包为广播数据包后， 进一步将广播数据包 的属性信息与预先设置的属性信息进行匹配， 以便满足用户对特定类型广播数据 包的处理需求。 其中， 设置的属性信息可以包括至少一种下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地址、 源端口号、 目的端口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类 型。
本实施例中， 对于交换机首次上报的数据包， 控制器可以设置该数据包的动 作属性为广播， 并将设置后的数据包下发给交换机， 交换机根据该数据包的动作 属性在网络中广播该数据包； 当交换机接收到控制器根据该数据包生成的转发规 则后， 交换机可以保存该转发规则。
步骤 304 : 当再次接收到该数据包时， 根据转发规则中包括的动作属性丢弃 该数据包。
当交换机根据转发规则中包括的信息确认再次接收到该数据包时， 可以根据 该转发规则中包括的动作属性丢弃再次接收到的数据包， 从而避免网络中的广播 风暴。
由上述实施例可见， 交换机接收数据包， 且未匹配到数据包的转发规则时， 向控制器上报该数据包， 控制器在确定该数据包为广播数据包后， 为所述数据包 生成转发规则， 转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃， 将该转发规则发送给交换机。 由 于交换机位于全连通网络中， 在该交换机再次接收到数据包时， 该交换机能够匹 配到该数据包的转发规则， 并且根据该数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃该数据 包， 从而防止了该交换机对该数据包的重复广播， 阻止了广播风暴的产生。 同时， 由于本发明无需对交换机的端口进行屏蔽， 就可以避免网络中的广播风暴， 因此 对于全连通网络来说， 保证了端口的转发能力和网络中可用传输链路的数量， 相 应提高了网络中传输链路的利用率。
参见图 4A， 为本发明实施例应用的一个全连通网络中的交换机连接示意图。 图 4A中， 在核心交换机包括交换机 1，和交换机 2， 接入交换机包括交换机 3和 交换机 4， 其中交换机 1和交换机 2分别连接交换机 3和交换机 4， 每个交换机 上都包括端口 1和端口 2。 图 4A中， 端口之间连接的实线表示交换机之间的链路 连接， 虚线表示在上述链路上传输的数据包的流向。 图 4A 中示出的四个交换机 均与控制器相连， 其中控制器未在图 4A中示出。
参见图 4B， 为本发明数据包的广播方法的第三实施例流程图， 该实施例结合 图 4A详细描述数据包的处理过程：
步骤 401 : 交换机接收数据包。
结合图 4A， 假设交换机 4的端口 2接收到数据包。
步骤 402 : 交换机未匹配到该数据包的转发规则， 向控制器上报该数据包。 假设交换机 4的端口 2接收到的数据包为该交换机 4首次接收到的数据包， 因此交换机 4未匹配到该数据包的转发规则，交换机 4将该数据包上报给控制器， 请求控制器为该数据包下发转发策略。
步骤 403 : 控制器确定该数据包为广播数据包， 且确定该数据包的属性信息 与设置的属性信息匹配。
当控制器识别数据包的目的 MAC地址全为 " F " 时， 可以确定该数据包为广 播数据包； 然后， 控制器将该广播数据包的属性信息与预先设置的属性信息进行 匹配， 该设置的属性信息可以包括至少一种下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的 地址、 源端口号、 目的端口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型。 假设本实 施例中， 用户预先设置的属性信息为协议类型 ARP， 则控制器在识别出广播数据 包后， 进一步确定该广播数据包的协议类型为 ARP时， 再执行后续步骤 404。
步骤 404 : 控制器设置该数据包的动作属性为广播， 并为该数据包生成转发 规则， 该转发规则中包括动作属性为丢弃， 以及老化时间。
本实施例中， 对于交换机 4首次上报的数据包， 控制器设置该数据包的动作 属性为广播， 以便交换机 4可以对该首次接收到的数据包进行广播。 并且， 控制 器为交换机 4接收到的该数据包生成转发规则， 该转发规则中可以包括至少一种 该数据包的下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地址、 源端口号、 目的端口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型、 服务类型， 该转发规则中可以不包括该数 据包在交换机上的入端口； 在生成该转发规则时还包括动作属性为丢弃， 以及老 化时间， 以便后续交换机 4再次接收到该数据包时， 可以根据该动作属性， 在设 置的老化时间内丢弃再次接收到的该数据包。
步骤 405 : 控制器发送该数据包以及该数据包的转发规则给交换机。
步骤 406 : 交换机根据数据包的动作属性广播控制器发送的数据包， 并且在 转发规则的老化时间内再次接收到该数据包时， 根据该转发规则包括的动作属性 丢弃该数据包。
结合图 4A， 对于交换机 4在步骤 402中上报的数据包， 交换机 4可以在接收 到控制器下发的该数据包后， 根据该数据包内设置的动作属性， 通过端口 1广播 该数据包； 后续当交换机 4再次接收到与转发规则中的信息匹配的该数据包， 且 还未超过该转发规则的老化时间时， 则交换机 4可以丢弃该数据包， 从而避免网 络中的广播风暴。
图 4A中， 当交换机将接收到的数据包通过端口 1广播到交换机 2 的端口 1 时， 则交换机 2执行与前述交换机 4一致的过程， 同理， 交换机 3和交换机 1在 接收到按照图 4B中的数据包的传输流向所传输的数据包时，执行与前述交换机 4 一致的过程， 在此不再赘述。
由上述实施例可见， 交换机接收数据包， 且未匹配到数据包的转发规则时， 向控制器上报该数据包， 控制器在确定该数据包为广播数据包后， 为所述数据包 生成转发规则， 转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃， 将该转发规则发送给交换机。 由 于交换机位于全连通网络中， 在该交换机再次接收到数据包时， 该交换机能够匹 配到该数据包的转发规则， 并且根据该数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃该数据 包， 从而防止了该交换机对该数据包的重复广播， 阻止了广播风暴的产生。 同时， 由于本发明无需对交换机的端口进行屏蔽， 就可以避免网络中的广播风暴， 因此 对于全连通网络来说， 保证了端口的转发能力和网络中可用传输链路的数量， 相 应提高了网络中传输链路的利用率。
参见图 5， 为应用本发明实施例的一个网络架构示意图。 图 5中， 控制器分 别连接交换机 S l、 S2、 S3、 S4、 S5和 S6， S3连接主机 h21和 h22， S4连接主机 h23和 h24， S5连接主机 h25和 h26， S6连接 h27和 h28。 其中， 假设主机 21在 网络中发送 ARP请求数据包， 用于请求 h27的 MAC地址， 且 ARP请求数据包为需 要应用本发明实施例进行控制的广播数据包。 下面结合图 5， 描述应用本发明实 施例的一种数据包的处理实例， 该处理过程基于 SDN技术的 Openflow (开放流） 实现， 其处理过程具体如下：
主机 h21将 ARP请求数据包发到交换机 S3;
交换机 S3查找 ARP请求数据包的转发规则， 当交换机 S3未查找到与该 ARP 请求数据包相匹配的转发规则时， 因此以 Openflow 中定义的 "Packetln" 形式 向控制器上报该 ARP请求数据包， 向控制器请求转发策略；
控制器接收到 ARP请求数据包后， 通过该 ARP请求数据包学习主机 h21的源
MAC地址和源 IP地址， 并通过该 ARP请求数据包的协议类型 "0x0806"识别出该 数据包为 ARP数据包， 因此设定此 ARP请求数据包的 action (动作属性）为广播， 并将此 ARP 请求数据包以 Openflow 中定义的 "PacketOut" 的形式发给交换机 S3， 同时根据该 ARP请求数据包生成精确匹配的转发规则， 该转发规则中可以不 包括该数据包在交换机上的入端口， 并设置转发规则的动作属性为丢弃， 且可以 设定转发规则的老化时间为 5s (秒）， 该转发规则中可以包括 11个元组， 后续当 交换机 S3再次接收到的数据包匹配该转发规则中的 11个元组时， 则丢弃该数据 包， 以防止广播风暴的发生， 其中， 该转发规则包括的 11 个元组的示例可以如 下所示：
match=0FMatch [dl_dst=f f： f f： f f： f f： f f： f f , dl_src=00 : 00 : 00 : 00 : 00 : 16, d l_type=0x806, dl_vlan=0xf f f f , dl_vpcp=0, nw_dst=10.0.0.32， nw_src=10.0.0. 22, nw_proto=l, nw_tos=0, tp_dst=l, tp_src=0]； 其中， 第一个元组 dl_dst表示 以太网目的地址 (Ethernet destination address), 第二个元组 dl_src表示以 太网源地址 (Ethernet source address), 第三个元组 dl_type表示以太网帧类 型（Ethernet frame type)，第四个元组 dl_vlan表示 VLAN ID，第五个元组 dl_vpcp 表示 VLAN优先级 （VLAN priority), 第六个元组 nw_dst表示目的 IP地址 （ IP destination address),第七个兀组 nw_src表不源 IP地址 ( IP source address), 第八个元组 nw_pr0to表示网络层协议类型或者低 8位是 ARP操作码（ IP protocol or lower 8 bits of ARP Operation code), 第九个元组 nw_tos表示 IP月艮务类 型（ IP Type of Service), 第十个元组 tp_dst表示传输控制协议（Transmission Control Protocol, TCP) 或用户数据报协议 (User Datagram Protocol, UDP) 目的端口号（TCP/UDP destination port ) , 第 ^ ^一个元组 tp_src表示 TCP或 UDP 源端口号 （TCP/UDP source port ) ;
交换机 S3按照数据包的传输流向将该 ARP请求数据包传输到主机 h27所接 入的交换机 S6， 上述传输过程中涉及的每个交换机在接收到该 ARP 请求数据包 时， 执行与交换机 S3—致的过程， 在此不再赘述；
交换机 S6将 ARP请求数据包广播到主机 h27后， 得到主机 h27发送的 ARP 回复数据包， 交换机 S6中没有与该 ARP回复数据包匹配的转发规则， 则向控制 器上报该 ARP回复数据包， 请求该 ARP回复数据包的转发策略；
控制器接收到 ARP回复数据包后， 根据已经学习到的主机 h21的源 MAC地址 和源 IP地址， 配置 ARP 回复数据包以单播方式传输到主机 h21， 从而实现主机 h21对主机 h27的 MAC地址的学习。
与本发明数据包的处理方法的实施例相对应， 本发明还提供了控制器、 数据 包的处理装置、 交换机及数据包的处理系统的实施例。 这些实施例为用于执行前 述方法实施例的控制器、 装置、 交换机及系统， 相关描述可以参见前述对于方法 实施例的描述。
参见图 6， 为本发明控制器的实施例框图：
该控制器包括：接收单元 610、确定单元 620、生成单元 630和发送单元 640。 其中， 接收单元 610， 用于接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包； 确定单元 620， 用于确定所述接收单元 610接收到的数据包的类型为广播数 据包；
生成单元 630， 用于在所述确定单元 620确定所述数据包的类型为广播数据 包后， 为所述数据包生成转发规则， 所述转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃；
发送单元 640， 用于发送所述生成单元 630生成的所述数据包的转发规则给 所述交换机， 以便所述交换机再次接收所述数据包时， 根据所述转发规则的动作 属性丢弃所述数据包。
可选的， 所述生成单元 630生成的转发规则中还包括： 老化时间， 以便所述 交换机在所述老化时间内再次接收所述数据包时丢弃所述数据包。
可选的， 所述确定单元 620， 还可以用于确定所述数据包的属性信息与设置 的属性信息匹配时， 触发所述生成单元 630执行为所述数据包生成转发规则； 其 中， 所述设置的属性信息包括至少一种下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地址、 源端口号、 目的端口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型。 可选的， 所述控制器还可以包括 （图 6 中未示出）： 设置单元， 用于设置所 述接收单元 610接收到的所述数据包的动作属性为广播； 所述发送单元 640， 还 用于将由所述设置单元设置了动作属性为广播的所述数据包发送给所述交换机， 以便所述交换机根据所述数据包的动作属性广播所述数据包。
由上述实施例可见， 控制器接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包， 在确定该数据包为广播数据包后， 为所述数据包生成转发规则， 转发规则包括动 作属性为丢弃， 将该转发规则发送给交换机。 由于交换机位于全连通网络中， 在 该交换机再次接收到数据包时， 该交换机能够匹配到该数据包的转发规则， 并且 根据该数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃该数据包， 从而防止了该交换机对该数 据包的重复广播， 阻止了广播风暴的产生。 同时， 由于本发明无需对交换机的端 口进行屏蔽， 就可以避免网络中的广播风暴， 因此对于全连通网络来说， 保证了 端口的转发能力和网络中可用传输链路的数量， 相应提高了网络中传输链路的利 用率。
参见图 7， 为本发明实施例公开的一种数据包的处理装置：
该处理装置包括： 至少一个通信总线 710、 至少一个网络接口 720、 存储器
730和至少一个处理器 740，：
其中， 通信总线 710， 用于连接该处理装置中各部件， 包括网络接口 720、 存储器 730和处理器 740等， 以实现上述各个部件之间的通信；
网络接口 720， 用于实现接入网络；
存储器 730包括：
接收单元 731， 用于接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包； 确定单元 732， 用于确定所述接收单元 731接收到的数据包的类型为广播数 据包； 可选的， 所述确定单元 732， 还可以用于确定所述数据包的属性信息与设 置的属性信息匹配时， 触发所述生成单元 733执行为所述数据包生成转发规则； 其中， 所述设置的属性信息包括至少一种下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地 址、 源端口号、 目的端口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型；
生成单元 733， 用于在所述确定单元 732确定所述数据包的类型为广播数据 包后， 为所述数据包生成转发规则， 所述转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃； 可选的， 所述生成单元 733生成的转发规则中还可以包括老化时间， 以便所述交换机在所 述老化时间内再次接收所述数据包时丢弃所述数据包。
发送单元 734， 用于发送所述生成单元 733生成的所述数据包的转发规则给 所述交换机， 以便所述交换机再次接收所述数据包时， 根据所述转发规则的动作 属性丢弃所述数据包。
可选的， 所述存储器 730还可以包括 （图 7 中未示出）： 设置单元， 用于设 置所述接收单元 731接收到的所述数据包的动作属性为广播；所述发送单元 734， 还用于将由所述设置单元设置了动作属性为广播的所述数据包发送给所述交换 机， 以便所述交换机根据所述数据包的动作属性广播所述数据包。
处理器 740， 用于执行所述存储器 730中各个单元的功能。
由上述实施例可见， 控制器接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包， 在确定该数据包为广播数据包后， 为所述数据包生成转发规则， 转发规则包括动 作属性为丢弃， 将该转发规则发送给交换机。 由于交换机位于全连通网络中， 在 该交换机再次接收到数据包时， 该交换机能够匹配到该数据包的转发规则， 并且 根据该数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃该数据包， 从而防止了该交换机对该数 据包的重复广播， 阻止了广播风暴的产生。 同时， 由于本发明无需对交换机的端 口进行屏蔽， 就可以避免网络中的广播风暴， 因此对于全连通网络来说， 保证了 端口的转发能力和网络中可用传输链路的数量， 相应提高了网络中传输链路的利 用率。
参见图 8， 为本发明数据包的处理系统的实施例框图：
该系统包括： 如前述实施例中所示的控制器 810和与该控制器 810相连的多 个交换机 820， 所述多个交换机 820组成环形网络， 所述多个交换机 820中的任 意一个交换机为第一交换机 821。 图 8中为了示例方便， 示出了三个交换机 820， 且设其中一个交换机为本实施例中所描述的第一交换机 821。
其中， 所述第一交换机 821， 用于接收所述控制器 810发送的数据包的转发 规则， 所述数据包的转发规则的动作属性为丢弃； 还用于在再次接收到所述数据 包后， 根据所述数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃所述数据包。
上述实施例中关于控制器 810的具体描述， 可以参见前述图 6和图 7所示的 实施例， 在此不再赘述。
由上述实施例可见， 交换机接收数据包， 且未匹配到数据包的转发规则时， 向控制器上报该数据包， 控制器在确定该数据包为广播数据包后， 为所述数据包 生成转发规则， 转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃， 将该转发规则发送给交换机。 由 于该交换机位于全连通网络中， 在该交换机再次接收到该数据包时， 该交换机能 够匹配到该数据包的转发规则， 并且根据该数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃该 数据包， 从而防止了该交换机对该数据包的重复广播， 阻止了广播风暴的产生。 同时， 由于本发明无需对交换机的端口进行屏蔽，就可以避免网络中的广播风暴， 因此对于全连通网络来说， 保证了端口的转发能力和网络中可用传输链路的数 量， 相应提高了网络中传输链路的利用率。
本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本发明实施例中的技术可借助软件加 必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现。 基于这样的理解， 本发明实施例中的技术方 案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来， 该 计算机软件产品可以存储在存储介质中， 如 R0M/RAM、 磁碟、 光盘等， 包括若干 指令用以使得一台计算机设备 （可以是个人计算机， 服务器， 或者网络设备等） 执行本发明各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述， 各个实施例之间相同相似 的部分互相参见即可， 每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。 尤 其， 对于系统实施例而言， 由于其基本相似于方法实施例， 所以描述的比较简单， 相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
以上所述的本发明实施方式， 并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。 任何在本 发明的精神和原则之内所作的修改、 等同替换和改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保 护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种数据包的处理方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法包括：
控制器接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包；
在确定所述数据包的类型为广播数据包后， 为所述数据包生成转发规则， 所 述转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃；
发送所述数据包的转发规则给所述交换机，以便所述交换机再次接收所述数 据包时， 根据所述转发规则的动作属性丢弃所述数据包。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述转发规则还包括： 老化时间，以便所述交换机在所述老化时间内再次接收所述数据包时丢弃所 述数据包。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述在确定所述数据包 的类型为广播数据包后， 还包括：
确定所述数据包的属性信息与设置的属性信息匹配时，执行所述根据所述数 据包生成转发规则； 其中， 所述设置的属性信息包括至少一种下述信息： 协议类 型、源地址、 目的地址、源端口号、 目的端口号、虚拟局域网标识 VLAN ID、 VLAN 优先级、 以太网类型。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述发送所述数据包的 转发规则给所述交换机之前， 还包括：
设置所述数据包的动作属性为广播；
将所述数据包发送给所述交换机，以便所述交换机根据所述数据包的动作属 性广播所述数据包。
5、 根据权利要求 1至 4任意一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述转发规则 中包括至少一种所述数据包的下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地址、 源端口 号、 目的端口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型、 服务类型。
6、 一种控制器， 其特征在于， 所述控制器包括：
接收单元， 用于接收交换机上报的未匹配到转发规则的数据包; 确定单元， 用于确定所述接收单元接收到的数据包的类型为广播数据包； 生成单元， 用于在所述确定单元确定所述数据包的类型为广播数据包后， 为 所述数据包生成转发规则， 所述转发规则包括动作属性为丢弃；
发送单元，用于发送所述生成单元生成的所述数据包的转发规则给所述交换 机， 以便所述交换机再次接收所述数据包时， 根据所述转发规则的动作属性丢弃 所述数据包。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的控制器， 其特征在于， 所述生成单元生成的转发 规则中还包括： 老化时间， 以便所述交换机在所述老化时间内再次接收所述数据 包时丢弃所述数据包。
8、 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的控制器， 其特征在于，
所述确定单元， 还用于确定所述数据包的属性信息与设置的属性信息匹配 时， 触发所述生成单元执行为所述数据包生成转发规则； 其中， 所述设置的属性 信息包括至少一种下述信息： 协议类型、 源地址、 目的地址、 源端口号、 目的端 口号、 VLAN ID、 VLAN优先级、 以太网类型。
9、 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的控制器， 其特征在于， 还包括：
设置单元， 用于设置所述接收单元接收到的所述数据包的动作属性为广播； 所述发送单元，还用于将由所述设置单元设置了动作属性为广播的所述数据 包发送给所述交换机，以便所述交换机根据所述数据包的动作属性广播所述数据 包。
10、 一种数据包的处理系统， 其特征在于， 包括如权利要求 6-9任一所述的 控制器和与所述控制器相连的多个交换机， 所述多个交换机组成环形网络， 所述 多个交换机中的任意一个交换机为第一交换机；
所述第一交换机， 用于接收所述控制器发送的数据包的转发规则， 所述数据 包的转发规则的动作属性为丢弃； 还用于在再次接收到所述数据包后， 根据所述 数据包的转发规则的动作属性丢弃所述数据包。
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