WO2014028122A1 - Composition de boisson pour sportifs - Google Patents

Composition de boisson pour sportifs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014028122A1
WO2014028122A1 PCT/US2013/046807 US2013046807W WO2014028122A1 WO 2014028122 A1 WO2014028122 A1 WO 2014028122A1 US 2013046807 W US2013046807 W US 2013046807W WO 2014028122 A1 WO2014028122 A1 WO 2014028122A1
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WIPO (PCT)
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composition
exercise
drink composition
whey protein
carbohydrate
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PCT/US2013/046807
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English (en)
Inventor
Brian Mackenzie
Doug KATONA
Anthony Roberts
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Sportsfuel, Inc.
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Publication of WO2014028122A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014028122A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/66—Proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients

Definitions

  • This application relates to compositions for use in drinks and drink mixes. This application also relates to methods of reducing mental and physical fatigue and methods for increasing energy, strength, power, and endurance to improve athletic performance and training.
  • pre-, during-, and post-exercise sports recovery drinks and drink powders exist. Often pre-, during-, and post-exercise drinks have different ingredients or different proportions of ingredients to achieve different exercise goals. For instance, most pre-exercise drinks contain water, carbohydrates, electrolytes, vitamins, and sometimes caffeine. These drinks are intended to supply the athlete with energy during workouts and to help athletes achieve a quick energy boosts.
  • During-exercise formulations are often similar to pre-exercise drinks, however they often have some different additives and different proportions of ingredients than pre-exercise drinks. For instance, during-exercise drinks often have less carbohydrate, but higher electrolyte and water proportions.
  • During-exercise drink formulations also often lack some of the vitamins contained in pre-workout formulations.
  • the general strategy of during-exercise drink formulations is aimed at enhancing sports performance with focus on increasing hydration, increasing electrolytes, and optimizing carbohydrate availability as a way to reduce glycogen depletion.
  • Post-exercise drinks often are formulated with protein. Like pre- and during exercise drinks, post exercise drinks often contain carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. However, in post-exercise drinks the vitamin and mineral content is often somewhat increased relative to pre- and during- exercise drinks. The addition of protein (with increased vitamins and minerals) is intended to increase muscle recovery and aid in muscle building.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention provide an exercise drink composition to reduce physical and/or mental fatigue and/or to increase energy, recovery, power, endurance, and/or strength.
  • the exercise drink composition comprises carbohydrate, protein, fat, and trimethylglycine.
  • formulations that comprise an ideal proportion of hydroxypropyl distarch carbohydrate (HDPC) to trimethylglycine are provided.
  • formulations comprising an ideal proportion partially hydrolyzed protein, trimethylglycine, fats, and HDPC are provided to enhance exercise performance and recovery.
  • the total weight of carbohydrate is in the range from about 35% to about 45% of the dry weight of the drink composition.
  • the drink composition comprises a complex carbohydrate.
  • the number average and/or weight average molecular weight of the complex carbohydrate in the drink composition is greater than about 100,000 g/mol. In some embodiments, the number average and/or weight average molecular weight of the complex carbohydrate in the drink composition is greater than about 250,000 g/mol.
  • at least a portion of the carbohydrate is a resistant starch. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the carbohydrate is an RS4 starch.
  • At least a portion of the carbohydrate is comprises one or more of an RSI, RS2, RS3, or RS4 starch. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the drink composition is HDPC. In some embodiments, the carbohydrate comprises approximately 25%-95% of the dry weight of the solids.
  • the exercise drink composition comprises trimethylglycine.
  • the trimethylglycine content of the drink composition is in the range from about 0% to about 5% of the total dry weight of the composition.
  • trimethylglycine acts as an osmolyte.
  • the exercise drink composition further comprises one or more additional osmolytes.
  • the exercise drink composition comprises a total weight of fat from about 0% to about 15% of the total dry weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the exercise drink composition comprises a total weight of the fat from about 0% to about 45% of the total dry weight of the composition.
  • the fat comprises medium chain triacylglycerols. In some embodiments, the fat comprises approximately 0%-50% of the dry weight of the solids.
  • the exercise drink composition comprises a total weight of the protein in the range of about 35% to about 45 % of the total dry weight of the composition.
  • At least a portion of the protein is a whey protein. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the protein is hydrolyzed. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the protein comprises a branch chain amino acid. In some embodiments, the branch chain amino acid may be one or more of the following amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, valine, and/or salts, isomers, or derivatives of leucine, isoleucine, and/or valine. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the protein comprises whey protein that has an average molecular weight between 5,000-16000 g/mol. In some embodiments, the exercise drink composition comprises glutamine, or salts and biological precursors of glutamine. In some embodiments, the protein comprises approximately 25%-95% of the dry weight of the solids.
  • the exercise drink composition further comprises one or more vitamins. In some embodiments, the exercise drink composition further comprises one or more electrolytes. In some embodiments, the exercise drink composition further comprises antioxidants. In some embodiments, the exercise drink composition further comprises stimulants. In some embodiments, the exercise drink composition further comprises creatine, or salts, isomers, or derivatives of creatine. In some embodiments, the exercise drink composition further comprises flavoring agents. In some embodiments, the exercise drink composition further comprises beta-alanine, or salts, isomers, or derivatives of beta-alanine. In some embodiments, the exercise drink composition further comprises buffers (e.g. alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates, phosphate buffers, and the like).
  • buffers e.g. alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates, phosphate buffers, and the like.
  • an aqueous solution or ready-to-drink product for reducing fatigue and/or increasing energy, recovery, power, endurance, and/or strength comprising: HDPC, hydrolyzed whey protein, medium chain fatty acids, and trimethylglycine
  • the drink composition comprises dry weight ratios of HDPC, hydrolyzed whey protein, medium chain fatty acids are 1 :4:4.
  • the caloric ratios of fat, protein, and carbohydrate per unit dose of the exercise drink composition are about 20:40:40.
  • the exercise drink composition further comprises bicycloheptane, or salts, isomers, or derivatives of bicycloheptane.
  • the exercise drink reduces physical and/or mental fatigue and increase energy, recovery, power, endurance, and/or strength, comprises: carbohydrate, wherein the total weight of carbohydrate is between about 35% to about 45% of the total dry weight of the composition; protein, wherein the total weight of the protein is between about 35% to about 45% of the total dry weight of the composition; fat, wherein the total weight of fat is between about 0% to about 10% of the total dry weight of the composition; and trimethylglycine, wherein the total weight of trimethylglycine is between about 0% to about 5% of the total dry weight of the composition.
  • at least a portion of the about 35% to about 45% carbohydrate comprises HDPC.
  • at least a portion of the about 35% to about 45% protein comprises hydrolyzed whey protein.
  • at least a portion of the about 0% to about 10% fat comprises one or more medium chain fatty acids.
  • a method for increasing the duration of exercise and/or increasing exercise performance by administering an exercise drink formulation comprising HDPC, trimethylglycine, fat and protein.
  • compositions comprising HDPC, trimethylglycine, protein, and fat for use in drinks and drink-powders.
  • This application also relates to methods of reducing mental and physical fatigue and methods for increasing energy, strength, power, and endurance for athletic performance and training.
  • athlete is given its ordinary definition and also broadly includes people performing exercise for training, maintaining health, general health improvement, and for rehabilitation.
  • the term athlete includes people with beginner, intermediate, and expert levels exercise experience.
  • the term “drink” refers to a solution or mixture for consumption by a mammal or human. This term includes drink-powders.
  • the term “drink-powders” refers to concentrated mixtures or solutions, and dry powdered mixtures that can be constituted or reconstituted with water or other aqueous solutions to provide a solution or mixture for consumption by a mammal or human.
  • exercise is given its ordinary definition and includes participation in sports, obstacle courses, endurance races, races, weightlifting, Olympic weightlifting, running, combinations thereof, and any other activity that requires muscular and cardiovascular effort.
  • exercise drink refers to a drink or drink powder, that contains supplements for consumption by a human or mammal to improve exercise performance. It also refers to what are conventionally known as exercise supplements including body-building supplements.
  • mixture is given its ordinary and plain meaning and includes heterogeneous solids suspended in a liquids, slurries, or homogeneous solutions. Additionally, the term includes mixes of powdered or semi-solid ingredients.
  • solution is given its ordinary definition as well as referring to a homogeneous solution containing one phase in either the liquid or solid state with one or more ingredients.
  • dry weight means the weight of a solid, semisolid, or oil without water.
  • carbohydrate is given its ordinary and plain meaning and includes sugars, simple carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates, fiber, and/or hydroxypropyl distarch carbohydrate.
  • fat is given its ordinary and plain meaning and includes medium chain triacylgylcerols.
  • protein is given its ordinary and plain meaning and includes: peptides, amino acids, hydrolyzed proteins, branched chain amino acids, and digested or partially digested proteins.
  • Some embodiments of the composition offer improvements over current exercise drinks by providing easily digestible and absorbable nutrients that are able to elevate exercise performance and that can promote recovery even during exercise.
  • Some embodiment of the composition reduce physical and mental fatigue and increase energy, recovery, power, endurance, and strength, where physical and mental fatigue are given their ordinary and plain meanings, where increased energy is given its ordinary and plain meaning, where recovery is given its ordinary and plain meaning, where power is given its ordinary and plain meaning which includes increased ability to move loads per unit time, where endurance is given its ordinary and plain meaning, and where strength is given its ordinary and plain meaning.
  • Some embodiments of the composition can be utilized in powder, solution, or slurry form. In some embodiments, when the composition is formulated as an exercise powder, it can be constituted or reconstituted with water or other aqueous fluids to provide an exercise drink. In some embodiments, the exercise drink can be utilized before, during, and/or after exercise.
  • the exercise drink composition comprises carbohydrate.
  • the total dry weight of carbohydrate within the composition is in the range from about 0% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 25% to about 35%, from about 35% to about 45%, from about 45% to about 55%, from about 55% to about 65%, from about 65% to about 75%, from about 75% to about 85%, or from about 85% to about 95% of the total dry weight of the composition.
  • the total dry weight of carbohydrate may be within the range from about 5% to about 95%, 25% to about 95%, about 10% to about 70%, about 20% to about 50%, or from about 40% to about 43% of the total dry weight of ingredients.
  • the carbohydrate in the drink composition comprises hydroxypropyl distarch carbohydrate (HDPC).
  • the HDPC is in combination with trimethylglycine.
  • HDPC is a so-called "resistant starch” that resists digestion in the small intestine.
  • HDPC additives are particularly advantageous over carbohydrates in current exercise drinks for several reasons. For instance, HDPC can be consumed in high molecular weight (HMW) forms, i.e. molecular weights of over 100,000 g/mol. When the body is exposed to this HDPC in this high molecular weight form, it treats this carbohydrate as though it were fiber. Though known to have these fiberlike properties, HDPC has yet to be exploited for its unique energy release profile.
  • HMW high molecular weight
  • HDPC In addition to sustained energy, HDPC promotes an increase in resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation for fuel. HMW HDPC also provides for fast glycogen replenishment due to its high molecular weight and low osmolality. Low osmolality permits faster gastric emptying. Thus, faster intestinal absorption in comparison to low molecular weight carbohydrates, is achieved. HDPC may further promote hydration by reducing water absorption from the body for digestion, and beneficially increase the water supply into the blood stream. The hypotonic nature of HDPC, when compared to isotonic or hypertonic low molecular weight carbohydrates, may cause water to flow from the composition, rather than flow into the composition when being digested.
  • HDPC may further promote an anabolic or anti-catabolic state by promoting glycogen replenishment, or minimizing physical fatigue.
  • the high molecular weight and low osmolality of carbohydrates, including HDPC may further prevent or minimize stomach discomfort by maximizing gastric emptying and intestinal absorption, when compared to low molecular weight sugars.
  • HDPC with an average molecular weight of the greater than about 100,000 g/mol can be used in some embodiments of the composition. It will also be appreciated that HDPC with an average molecular weight of greater than 250,000 g/mol can be used in some embodiments of the composition. It will also be appreciated that other carbohydrates with molecular weights of greater than 100,000 g/mol may be used in some embodiments of the composition. It will also be appreciated that HDPC with an average molecular weight of lower than 100,000 g/mol can be used in some embodiments of the composition.
  • the number average and/or weight average molecular weight of the carbohydrate in the drink composition is in the range from about 10,000 g/mol to about 50,000 g/mol, from about 50,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, from about 100,000 g/mol to about 150,000 g/mol, from about 150,000 g/mol. to about 200,000 g/mol, or from about 200,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol.
  • the drink composition further comprises simple carbohydrates such as sugars.
  • the composition comprises HDPC.
  • the HDPC may be prepared, processed, polymerized, treated, or pre-treated by any methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the amount of HDPC can vary.
  • the dry weight percent of HDPC in relation to the other ingredients may range from 0% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 25% to about 35%, from about 35% to about 45%, from about 45% to about 55%, from about 55% to about 65%, from about 65% to about 75%, from about 75% to about 85%, or from about 85% to about 95%.
  • the dry weight of HDPC is from about 40% to about 43% of the total dry weight of all of the ingredients.
  • the composition comprises other resistant starches such as those that are chemically modified to resist digestion, so-called RS4 starches.
  • ThermiCarbTM is an HDPC.
  • the carbohydrate in the drink composition comprises a combination of carbohydrates, which include, but are not limited to: HDPC, other resistant starches, RS4 starches, simple carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates, high glycemic sugars, and low glycemic sugars.
  • High glycemic sugars include, but are not limited to, aldohexoses, disaccharides and polysaccharides such sugars being glucose, glucose polymers, dextrose, maltose, maltodextrins, maltotriose, lactose, galactose, sucrose, corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, honey, maple syrup, molasses, beet sugar, cane sugar, and sucanat.
  • Low glycemic sugars include, but are not limited to, ketohexoses such sugars being arabinose, ribose, xylose, fructose, levulose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose and sorbitol.
  • the drink composition further comprises trimethyl glycine.
  • Trimethylglycine (otherwise called betaine) is another ingredient selected for its unique properties.
  • trimethylglycine acts as an osmolyte that aids in the maintenance of osmotic gradients. Osmotic gradients affect the regulation of hydration level in the body, blood pH, and are critical for nerve and muscle tissue. Aside from its activity as an osmolyte trimethylglycine also acts as a methyl donor (transmethylation). Methyl donation is used in physiological processes such as neurotransmitter synthesis.
  • Trimethylglycine also protects cells, proteins, and en2ymes from environmental stress (eg, low water, high salinity, or extreme temperature), and participates in the methionine cycle (Craig, 2004). Further, methylation by methionine is indicated in the synthesis of phosphocreatine, a phosphate donor that helps produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP). ATP is the source of energy that fuels muscle movement during exercise. As such, a reduction in the trimethylglycine levels of the body may contribute to a performance reducing effect during exercise.
  • the composition comprises trimethylglycine.
  • additional or substitute osmolytes may be added in lieu of or in addition to trimethylglycine.
  • the composition comprises trimethylglycine.
  • the trimethylglycine content of the drink composition is in the range from about from about 0% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 40% to about 50%, from about 50% to about 60%, from about 60% to about 70%, from about 70% to about 80%, from about 80% to about 90%, and/or any combination thereof of the total dry weight of the composition.
  • the trimethylglycine content of the drink composition is in the range from about 0% to about 2%, from about 2% to about 4%, from about 4% to about 6%, from about 6% to about 8%, or from about 8% to about 10% of the total dry weight of the composition.
  • compositions comprise combinations of complex carbohydrates, simple carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, proteins, peptides, or amino acids, in addition to HDPC and trimethylglycine, wherein the composition has improved absorption through the gut, homeostasis, hydration, recovery, strength building, endurance, and recovery.
  • Several embodiments disclosed herein relate to a safe and effective sports drink, concentrated sports drink, or powdered mixture that maximizes the absorption of carbohydrates with a lower glycemic spike, allows fat to be burned for energy, and provides protein for recovery.
  • ingredients that promote an increased rate of gastric emptying that allows for more efficient use of key product ingredients prior, during, and after exercise.
  • maximize muscle recovery prevent physical and mental fatigue, and enhance athletic performance as needed.
  • the composition can be taken before, during, or after exercise as a method for improving exercise capacity.
  • Another component that is largely unutilized in current sports drinks is essential fats. It is known that endurance training causes enhanced oxidation of fat during exercise and at rest. (Scharhag-Rosenberger et al., 2010; Jeukendrup, 2003). In endurance- trained athletes the amount of fat oxidized at rest and during activity has been shown to be higher than for other athletes. (Romijn et al., 1993; Sidossis et al., 1998; Coyle et al., 2001; van Loon et al., 2001). Further compounding the depletion of fat during physical exertion for endurance-trained athletes, studies may indicate that endurance exercise involves adaptation to more rapid and preferential migration towards burning fat for fuel.
  • the drink composition further comprises fat.
  • the fat content of the drink composition is in the range from about 0% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 25% to about 35%, from about 35% to about 45%, from about 45% to about 55%), from about 55%> to about 65%>, from about 65% to about 75%, from about 75% to about 85%o, or from about 85% to about 95%> of the total dry weight of the drink composition.
  • the dry weight of fat is within the range from about 10% to about 70%), about 20% to about 50%, or from about 9% to 1 1% of the total dry weight of all of the ingredients.
  • MCTs Medium chain triacylgylcerols
  • MCTs are fats, or lipids, whose fatty acid chains are 6-12 carbons in length. These lipids are adsorbed quickly and have a metabolic profile that mimics carbohydrates. Because MCTs have better water solubility and absorption in the small intestine, they may not inhibit gastric emptying as common fat does. Inhibited gastric feedback results in decreased duodenal-gastric feedback. Statistical analysis has shown that MCT containing beverages show a greater rate of gastric emptying than 100% carbohydrate drinks (Beckers et. al. 1992). Thus, increasing the amount of digestible fats and fatty acids available for oxidation may enhance endurance exercise performance.
  • the fat in the drink composition comprises MCT.
  • the MCT content of the drink composition is in the range from about 0%> to about 1%>, from about 1% to about 5%>, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 15%> to about 25%, from about 25% to about 35%, from about 35% to about 45%, from about 45%> to about 55%, from about 55%> to about 65%, from about 65%> to about 75%, from about 75%> to about 85%», or from about 85% to about 95%> of the total dry weight of the solids.
  • the dry weight of MCT is 9% to 1 1 ) of the total dry weight of all of the ingredients.
  • the composition contains other fats in addition to MCT.
  • the drink composition further comprises protein.
  • protein Considering that the body is constantly undergoing protein breakdown and protein building, known as the anabolic and catabolic states, it is essential to establish an anabolic and anti- catabolic state for prime performance and recovery. Because exercise quickly generates protein breakdown in the muscles, it is recommended that amino acids or protein are taken to ensure a net positive gain in muscle mass. In addition, recent research has found that certain amino acids can also dramatically increase protein synthesis and delay fatigue. Utilizing these strategies in combination with a surplus of calories leads to an increase in lean body mass. In some embodiments, the composition takes advantage of these amino acids.
  • protein intake still benefits an athlete due to the accompanying large insulin increase from the combination of carbohydrate and protein intake, as compared to carbohydrates alone.
  • the composition described herein allows better utilization of protein during exercise.
  • the protein content of the drink composition is in the range from about 0% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 25% to about 35%, from about 35% to about 45%, from about 45% to about 55%, from about 55% to about 65%, from about 65% to about 75%, from about 75% to about 85%, or from about 85% to about 95% of the total dry weight of the drink composition.
  • the protein content of the drink composition is in the range from about 25% to about 95% of the total dry weight of the drink composition.
  • protein sources include, but are not limited to: calcium caseinate, whey protein concentrate, whey protein isolate, soy protein, casein hydrolyzate, meat protein concentrate, egg protein, rice protein, yeast concentrate, and protein blends.
  • Low molecular weight protein or amino acids may facilitate rapid absorption in the digestive system and easier digestion. Because hydrolyzed protein may be predigested, the body may be able to absorb the protein rapidly and easily during digestion. Moreover, the hydrolyzed protein may further promote an anabolic/anti-catabolic state by increasing both insulin and blood plasma amino acid levels.
  • hydrolyzed protein may be pretreated with enzymes, or broken down into smaller peptides by the addition of enzymes such as proteases. While the term "hydrolyzed” can be understood as having its conventional definition, it further includes proteins that are, for example, prepared, processed, polymerized, treated, pretreated, or lysed into smaller peptides or amino acids, by any methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments hydrolyzed protein comprises, for example, from about 10% to about 45% of the dry weight of the solids in the composition.
  • the hydrolyzed whey protein employed in the composition has an weight average and/or number average molecular weight between 5,000-16000 g/mol. Additionally, the average molecular weight the hydrolyzed protein may be less than about 10,000, or any other percentage or molecular weight. In some embodiments, the weight average and/or number average molecular weight of the hydrolyzed whey protein is in the range from about 1,000 g/mol to about 5,000 g/mol, from about 5,000 g/mol to about 10,000 g/mol, from about 10,000 g/mol to about 15,000 g/mol, from about 15,000 g/mol to about 20,000 g/mol, or above about 20,000 g/mol.
  • the weight average and/or number average molecular weight of the hydrolyzed whey protein is in the range from about 1 ,000 g/mol to about 30,000 g/mol, from about 5,000 g/mol to about 25,000 g/mol, from about 10,000 g/mol to about 20,000 g/mol, or from about 15,000 g/mol to about 20,000 g/mol.
  • the low molecular weight of the protein may facilitate rapid absorption in the digestive system.
  • the hydrolyzed protein may further stimulate greater insulin release in combination with the HDP carbohydrate for faster absorption of nutrients.
  • the composition comprises a branched chain amino acid (BCAA).
  • BCAAs such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, and/or salts, isomers, or derivatives of these amino acids.
  • the composition may include all three BCAAs in a ratio of about 2:1 :1 to about 4:1 :1 of leucine, isoleucine, to valine.
  • the composition also comprises any other naturally occurring amino acid or combination thereof.
  • the BCAAs may stimulate insulin release in combination with the HMW carbohydrate and the hydrolyzed protein.
  • the BCAAs may further stimulate protein synthesis, muscle recovery, and may prevent fatigue.
  • leucine increases protein synthesis by increasing the activity of mTOR & the phosphorylation of akt.
  • leucine may have a far greater stimulatory effect on protein synthesis than any other amino acid (needs verification).
  • the composition further comprises an essential amino acid.
  • amino acids such as glutamine may also be included in the composition.
  • the composition further comprises glutamine and/or salts, isomers, and derivatives of glutamine.
  • Glutamine may cause a significant increase in muscle glycogen storage, which increases the body's capacity to access energy.
  • Glutamine may also be an anti-catabolic agent, which prevents the breakdown of muscle tissue.
  • the composition comprises glutamine in the range from about 1% to about 20% of the total dry ewight of the solids.
  • the composition comprises whey protein, hydrolyzed protein, peptides, amino acids, branched chain amino acids and/or combinations thereof.
  • percent of the total dry weight of whey protein, hydrolyzed protein, peptides, amino acids, branched chain amino acids and/or combinations thereof can be from about 0% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 25% to about 35%, from about 35% to about 45%, from about 45% to about 55%, from about 55% to about 65%, from about 65% to about 75%, from about 75% to about 85%, or from about 85% to about 95% of the total dry weight of the drink composition.
  • the percent of the total dry weight of whey protein, hydrolyzed protein, peptides, amino acids, branched chain amino acids and/or combinations thereof may be within the range from about 10% to about 70%, about 20% to about 50%, or from about 40% to about 43% of the total dry weight of ingredients.
  • the composition also comprises at least one electrolyte.
  • Electrolytes for example sodium, potassium, magnesium, and/or chloride compounds, are used within the exercise drink for replenishing the electrolytes lost during exercise, for facilitating intestinal reabsorption of fluids, and for facilitating energy dependent processes.
  • Sodium compounds include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, acidic sodium citrate, acidic sodium phosphate, sodium amino salicylate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bromide, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, sodium phosphate, sodium salicylate, anhydrous sodium sulphate, sodium sulphate, sodium tartrate, sodium benzoate, sodium selenite and sodium molybdate.
  • Potassium compounds include, but are not limited to, potassium chloride, potassium acetate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium bromide, potassium citrate, potassium-D-gluconate, monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium tartrate, potassium sorbate and potassium iodide.
  • Magnesium compounds include, but are not limited to, magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium aspartate and magnesium silicate.
  • Electrolytes, for example, potassium, magnesium, chloride, or sodium may comprise from about 0% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 0% to about 10%, from about 0% to about 20%, from about 0% to about 30%, from about 0% to about 40%, or from about 0% to about 50% of the total dry weight of the solids.
  • Electrolytes enable the composition to empty quickly from the stomach and promote absorption from the small intestine. Potassium may be included for optimal muscle contractions and electrolyte replenishment. Magnesium may be included for avoidance of cramping and electrolyte replenishment. Chloride may be included for electrolyte replenishment. Sodium, in combination with natural sweeteners, may be included for electrolyte replenishment or to trigger the body's thirst mechanism, which may prevent dehydration.
  • the composition also contains dehydrated coconut milk.
  • sweeteners such as flavoring agents may be included in the composition to increase the palatability of the composition.
  • Other components such as minerals or vitamins such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin E ⁇ or Vitamin D may also be included to provide beneficial nutrients in addition to the components that prevent physical and mental fatigue.
  • the composition comprises at least one vitamin.
  • the composition comprises additional vitamins.
  • the composition further comprises creatine and/or salts, isomers, and/or derivatives of creatine. Creatine may also be included in the composition, and may have an increased absorption in combination with the HMW carbohydrate and hydrolyzed protein.
  • the composition further comprises beta-alanine and/or salts, isomers and/or derivatives thereof. Beta-alanine may increase carnosine levels in the muscle, which may allow the muscles to work longer without fatigue.
  • the exercise drink composition further comprises bicycloheptane, and/or salts, isomers, and/or derivatives of bicycloheptane.
  • the composition comprises at least on antioxidant. Antioxidants may be included in the composition in varying concentrations to improve the overall efficacy of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises additional antioxidants.
  • the HMW and low osmolality of the carbohydrate combined with other nutrients may result in nutrient absorption that coincides with a corresponding insulin spike, resulting in optimal nutrient delivery.
  • the combination of nutrients with conventional carbohydrates results in an insulin response, but with a delay in nutrient absorption, resulting in suboptimal delivery.
  • flavor component constituents of the exercise drink in dry and liquid form include flavor components and/or colorant components.
  • the flavor component for the nutritional composition is defined to impart a particular and characteristic taste and sometimes an aroma to the nutritional composition.
  • the use of a flavor component in the nutritional composition also provides an enhanced aesthetic quality to the nutritional - composition which will increase the user's appeal in using the product.
  • the flavor component is selected from the group consisting of water soluble natural or artificial extracts that include apple, banana, cherry, cinnamon, cranberry, grape, honeydew, honey, kiwi, lemon, lime, orange, peach, peppermint, pineapple, raspberry, tangerine, watermelon, wild cherry, and equivalents and combinations thereof, being in the overall range of 0% to 2%, about 0% to about 5%, and about 0% to about 10% weight percent of the total dry weight of ingredients.
  • the colorant component for the nutritional composition is defined to impart a characteristic color in conjunction with a particular flavor to the nutritional composition. For example, a yellow color is used for a banana flavor, or a red color for a cherry flavor.
  • the colorant component is selected from the group consisting of water soluble natural or artificial dyes that include FD&C dyes (food, drug and cosmetic use dyes) of blue, green, orange, red, yellow and violet; iron oxide dyes; ultramarine pigments of blue, pink, red and violet; and equivalents thereof; being in the overall range of about 0% to about 2%, or about 0% to about 5% by weight of the dry exercise drink.
  • FD&C dyes food, drug and cosmetic use dyes
  • iron oxide dyes ultramarine pigments of blue, pink, red and violet
  • equivalents thereof being in the overall range of about 0% to about 2%, or about 0% to about 5% by weight of the dry exercise drink.
  • the dyes discussed above are well known, and are commercially available materials.
  • the composition comprises a hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate carbohydrate with a high molecular weight and a hydrolyzed whey protein with a low molecular weight, with trimethylglycine or any osmolyte, and medium chain triglycerides.
  • the composition is an aqueous solution having a carbohydrate with an average molecular weight greater than about 250,000.
  • a hydrolyzed protein is also included, the protein having an average molecular weight less than about 1,000.
  • the method includes providing an orally administerable aqueous composition having a carbohydrate with an average molecular weight greater than about 10,000.
  • the composition further comprises a hydrolyzed protein having an average molecular weight less than about 1,000.
  • the osmolality of the composition in solution is less than the osmolality of human blood.
  • a serving of the dry powder comprises 48 total g wherein the weight comprises about 5 g of fat, about 20 g of carbohydrate, and about 20 g of protein.
  • the 5 g of fat comprises about 5 g of saturated fat.
  • the 20 g of carbohydrate comprises about 1 g of dietary fiber and about 0 g of sugar.
  • a serving of the dry powder further comprises about 195 calories.
  • a serving of the exercise powder comprises whey protein hydrolysate (grass-fed), ThermiCarbTM (a RS4 hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate), coconut milk, anhydrous betaine, natural vanilla flavor, and stevia.
  • the exercise drink powder can be reconstituted with water, milk, juice, coconut water or other aqueous fluids.
  • 3FUEL comprises whey protein hydrolysate (grass-fed), ThermiCarbTM (a RS4 hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate), coconut milk powder, betaine anhydrous and flavorings (e.g. vanilla, stevia, vanilla ice cream, citrisweet, monk fruit, and/or soy lecithin).
  • a 48 g serving of 3FUEL comprises 5 g of fat (5 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat), 20 g of carbohydrate (1 g dietary fiber, 0 g sugar), 20 g protein, and 3 g of betaine.
  • the whey protein hydrolysate comprises about 90% hydrolyzed protein and about 10% milk fat.
  • the ratio of whey protein hydrolysate to whey protein hydrolysate, ThermiCarb, coconut milk powder, and betaine is 50.7%.
  • the ratio of the ThermiCarb to whey protein hydrolysate, ThermiCarb, coconut milk powder, and betaine is 33.3%.
  • the ratio of the coconut milk powder to whey protein hydrolysate, ThermiCarb, coconut milk powder, and betaine is 9.6%.
  • the ratio of the betaine to whey protein hydrolysate, ThermiCarb, coconut milk powder, and betaine is 6.3%.
  • the composition comprises whey protein hydrolysate (grass-fed), ThermiCarbTM (a RS4 hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate), coconut milk powder, betaine anhydrous and flavorings (e.g. vanilla, stevia, vanilla ice cream, citrisweet, monk fruit, and/or soy lecithin).
  • a 52 g serving of this composition comprises 5 g of fat (3.3 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat), 20 g of carbohydrate (0.4 g dietary fiber, 1 g sugar), 20 g protein, and 3 g of betaine.
  • the whey protein hydrolysate comprises about 90% hydrolyzed protein and about 10% milk fat.
  • the ratio of whey protein hydrolysate to whey protein hydrolysate, ThermiCarb, coconut milk powder, and betaine is 50.7%.
  • the ratio of the ThermiCarb to whey protein hydrolysate, ThermiCarb, coconut milk powder, and betaine is 33.3%.
  • the ratio of the coconut milk powder to whey protein hydrolysate, ThermiCarb, coconut milk powder, and betaine is 9.6%.
  • the ratio of the betaine to whey protein hydrolysate, ThermiCarb, coconut milk powder, and betaine is 6.3%.
  • compositions may be administered orally in a liquid mixture form, for example, as a sports drink or aqueous solution.
  • the above components may be administered in pill, capsule, tablet, powder, gel tabs, or other solid forms.
  • the composition may include the isomers, salts, or derivatives of any of the components described herein.
  • a 25 year old healthy male drinks a formulation comprising protein hydrolysate (grass-fed), RS4 hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate (ThermiCarbTM), coconut- derived fat, betaine anhydrous, natural vanilla flavor, and Stevia, reconstituted in water, 3-6 days per week, within about 1 hour before engaging in a balanced exercise program.
  • RS4 hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate ThermiCarbTM
  • coconut- derived fat coconut- derived fat
  • betaine anhydrous natural vanilla flavor
  • Stevia Stevia
  • Example 1 A 30 year old male drinks the same formulation described in Example 1 within about 1 hour after engaging in a daily balanced aerobic and resistance exercise program. He reports that aside from enhanced muscle performance, he is able to concentrate at work better than when he drinks a conventional exercise formulation with comparable levels of carbohydrate, fat and protein, but without the hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate and betaine. He also finds that he develops relatively less mental fatigue when combining exercise with the formulation of Example 1.
  • Example 4 A 44 year old female drinks the same formulation described in Example 1 during her daily balanced exercise program. She experiences less physical and mental fatigue during exercise and reports greater energy, endurance, and strength compared to drinking an exercise supplement that does not contain hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate and betaine.
  • Example 4
  • a 29 year old athlete is competing at the Crossfit Games, a multiday competition, and consumes a formulation comprising protein hydrolysate (grass-fed), RS4, hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate, coconut-derived fat, betaine anhydrous, as recommended between events. She experiences less exhaustion and mental fatigue during the events and is therefore able to maintain proper technique during the events, leading to increased efficiency, less wasted energy, and a higher work output, leading to a better placing.
  • a 50 year old man runs five miles each day before work. He consumes a formulation as in Example 1 before and after running. He finds that he is less hungry throughout the day and feels recovered by midday. Previously he had been consuming a solid-food meal before and after running, which had left him sluggish, due to the relative energy demands of digesting whole foods versus liquids.
  • a 25 year old Brazillian Jiu Jitsu player switches from a traditional energy drink to the composition described in example one, drinking it prior to training each night. He finds that he experiences more endurance in training, without crashing from too much sugar or experiencing insomnia from the caffeine found in most energy drinks.
  • a 18 year old collegiate rugby player consumes the drink as in example one at weekend tournaments, instead of snacking on fruits and sports drinks, as is typical at those events. He finds that his energy is more stable throughout the day, and he is satiated without being full. Because these events can have unpredictable and dynamic schedules, the consumption of the beverage throughout the day allows him to be ready to play, without having to wait as long as he would have, had he consumed fruit, and feeling more satiated than had he consumed a traditional sports drink.
  • a 26 year old endurance runner consumes a drink containing the same caloric profile as the formulation in Example 1, except that this composition has varied coconut fat content relative to the other ingredients.
  • the endurance runner notes that a higher coconut fat content formulation improves his performance the most. He consumes the drink before and during 20 mile endurance runs. After 6 months of training using the higher fat formulation, he reports increased aerobic exercise and speed performance compared to engaging in the same exercise program without drinking the formulation before exercising.
  • a 28 year old male body builder consumes a drink containing the same caloric profile as the formulation in Example 1, except that this composition has varied whey protein content relative to the other ingredients. He consumes the drink before one hour prior to engaging in bodybuilding exercise. After 2 months of training using each of the protein formulations, he reports that the highest whey protein formulation increased muscle recovery rate and the degree of muscle recovery and improved muscle strength and size compared to engaging in the same exercise program without drinking the formulation before exercising.
  • a 21 year old female collegiate track and field runner consumes a drink containing the same caloric profile as the formulation in Example 1, except that this composition has varied carbohydrate content relative to the other ingredients. She consumes the drink before training and before and during track meets. After 1-2 weeks of training and competing she notes that using the higher carbohydrate formulations, she experienced the greatest increases in aerobic exercise and speed performance, compared to engaging in the same exercise program without drinking the formulation before exercising. [0075] Table 3.
  • the subject's overhead press three repetition max, or "three rep max,” (or "3RM", where a three rep max is the highest amount of weight the subject can successfully lift three times without failure in a single set for a given movement, e.g. the overhead press) improved from 135 lb to 160 lb.
  • the subject's front squat three rep max improved from 185 lb to 2351b.
  • the subject's deadlift three rep max improved from 345 lb to 370 lb.
  • the subject's single rep max (“one rep max” or "1RM" improved from 205 lb to 225 lb.
  • AMRAP as many rounds as possible
  • CINDY in CROSSFIT
  • CINDY in CROSSFIT
  • the subject's performance improved from 24 full rounds in the allotted time to 28 full rounds in the allotted time.
  • Subject l 's performance in "for time” exercise routines (where the subject finishes a given number of exercise repetitions in a minimum time) also improved. For example, the time taken for the subject to complete 30 burpees (an exercise where one starts in the standing position and drops to the floor, does a pushup, returns to a standing position, and then jumps while clapping their hands overheard) followed by 30 muscle-ups (a pull-up that transitions into a dip done on gymnastic rings) was measured. The time taken to complete this routine before using the drink formulation was 9:45 (minutes/seconds) and his time improved to 6:10 after use of the formulation.
  • the exercise drink described herein will offer advantages over naturally occurring juices and extracts because some embodiments of the composition allow for tailoring for specific properties, improved shelf-life, and batch-to- batch control. Further, the use of hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate and betaine, in combination with partially hydrolyzed proteins and essential fats may lead to improved results over the use of conventional exercise drinks. Athletes using this composition will have reduced mental and/or physical fatigue. Athletes will note that using the unique blend of these materials results in increased energy, strength, power, and endurance before, during, and after exercise. Athletes will note that the use of HDPC and betaine together lead to a lower glycemic spikes and increased uptake of water, nutrients, and other ingredients in the composition, lending to improvements in exercise and athletic capacity.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

Certains modes de réalisation de l'invention portent sur la supplémentation pour le sport, comprenant : des formulations désaltérantes, des formulations d'augmentation de la performance sportive, des formulations de récupération après le sport et des formulations de développement des muscles. Certains modes de réalisation des présentes formulations comprennent un glucide phosphate de diamidon hydroxypropylique de masse moléculaire élevée. Dans certains modes de réalisation une protéine du petit lait hydrolysée est également incorporée dans la composition. Dans certains modes de réalisation, la protéine du petit lait hydrolysée a une masse moléculaire moyenne comprise entre 5 000 et 16 000 g/mol. Dans certains modes de réalisation, le complément comprend également des acides gras à chaîne moyenne. Dans certains modes de réalisation, le complément comprend également de la triméthylglycine.
PCT/US2013/046807 2012-06-22 2013-06-20 Composition de boisson pour sportifs WO2014028122A1 (fr)

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WO2015154072A1 (fr) * 2014-04-04 2015-10-08 Organic Medical Ventures, L.L.C. Composition de traitement musculaire et son procédé de fabrication
WO2016201449A1 (fr) * 2015-06-11 2016-12-15 Beachbody, LLC Compositions et procédés pour améliorer la performance d'exercice et la récupération
US10674746B2 (en) 2015-10-27 2020-06-09 Cytozyme Animal Nutrition, Inc. Animal nutrition compositions and related methods
US11297851B2 (en) 2015-10-27 2022-04-12 Cytozyme Laboratories, Inc. Animal nutrition compositions and related methods
CN114630587A (zh) * 2019-08-23 2022-06-14 可口可乐公司 稳定肌酸饮料

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US20100009052A1 (en) * 2006-07-14 2010-01-14 Dr. Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. Beverage containing nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide
US20090186098A1 (en) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Jose Briceno Sports drink composition
US20100196577A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-05 Tropicana Products, Inc. Microencapsulated citrus phytochemicals comprising citrus limonoids and application to sports drinks
US20110274809A1 (en) * 2010-04-16 2011-11-10 San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc. Method for masking curcumine flavor

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015154072A1 (fr) * 2014-04-04 2015-10-08 Organic Medical Ventures, L.L.C. Composition de traitement musculaire et son procédé de fabrication
WO2016201449A1 (fr) * 2015-06-11 2016-12-15 Beachbody, LLC Compositions et procédés pour améliorer la performance d'exercice et la récupération
US10888599B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2021-01-12 Beachbody, LLC Compositions and methods to improve exercise performance and recovery
US10674746B2 (en) 2015-10-27 2020-06-09 Cytozyme Animal Nutrition, Inc. Animal nutrition compositions and related methods
US11297851B2 (en) 2015-10-27 2022-04-12 Cytozyme Laboratories, Inc. Animal nutrition compositions and related methods
CN114630587A (zh) * 2019-08-23 2022-06-14 可口可乐公司 稳定肌酸饮料
EP4017282A4 (fr) * 2019-08-23 2023-08-16 The Coca-Cola Company Boissons de créatine stables

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