WO2014027598A1 - Method for quenching cylinder head, and thermal insulation member using same - Google Patents

Method for quenching cylinder head, and thermal insulation member using same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014027598A1
WO2014027598A1 PCT/JP2013/071467 JP2013071467W WO2014027598A1 WO 2014027598 A1 WO2014027598 A1 WO 2014027598A1 JP 2013071467 W JP2013071467 W JP 2013071467W WO 2014027598 A1 WO2014027598 A1 WO 2014027598A1
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Prior art keywords
cylinder head
quenching
heat capacity
retaining member
core
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PCT/JP2013/071467
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
智史 南口
剛志 中野
雄大 杉山
達也 増田
徹 植木
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日産自動車株式会社
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Priority to JP2014530531A priority Critical patent/JP5892431B2/en
Publication of WO2014027598A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014027598A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
    • C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for quenching a cylinder head such as a reciprocating engine and a heat retaining member used therefor.
  • Patent Document 1 As this type of prior art, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1 under the name of “metal casting manufacturing method”.
  • the method for producing a metal casting disclosed in Patent Document 1 is formed from a heat-treatable liquid aluminum copper alloy, and can enjoy the advantages of solution heat treatment.
  • the mold is filled with the liquid alloy and the alloy solidified metal is obtained.
  • the step of forming a casting and the step of removing from the mold are directly quenched at 350 ° C. or more, and no heat treatment is performed between the removal of the casting from the mold and the quenching, and the quenched metal casting is And age hardening.
  • Patent Document 1 is a cylinder head in which a mold is filled with a molten metal, cooled to 350 ° C. or higher, removed from the mold, and then quenched from 350 ° C. or higher to perform artificial aging. Has a complicated shape, residual stress is generated depending on the cooling method during quenching.
  • the cylinder head has a temperature distribution at the stage of solidification in the mold due to the difference in the thickness of each part or the difference in heat extraction between the core molding part and the mold molding part, and the cylinder head is taken out from the mold. After that, due to the difference between the outer wall portion and the inside, there are a large portion and a small portion with a low temperature decrease rate.
  • the present invention provides a cylinder head capable of improving the material characteristics by lowering the temperature decrease rate of the portion with a small heat capacity until quenching, and thus reducing the temperature difference with the portion with a large heat capacity.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a quenching method and a heat retaining member used therefor.
  • the method of quenching a cylinder head according to the present invention for solving the above-described problem is to quench by flowing a cooling gas to the cylinder head and classify the cylinder head according to the heat capacity of the cylinder head. Then, the content is that the portion having a relatively small heat capacity is cast using a core, and the above quenching is performed with the core remaining as a heat retaining member.
  • the portion having a relatively small heat capacity is hardened while being covered with the core as a heat retaining member, the temperature decrease rate of the portion having a relatively small heat capacity until quenching is lowered. Therefore, the temperature difference from the portion having a relatively large heat capacity is also reduced.
  • the thermal insulation member used for quenching the cylinder head according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is provided with a coating material for coating a portion where the heat capacity of the cylinder head is relatively small.
  • the portion having a relatively small heat capacity is hardened while being covered with the covering material of the heat retaining member, the temperature decreasing rate of the portion having a relatively small heat capacity until quenching is lowered. Therefore, the temperature difference from the portion having a relatively large heat capacity can be reduced.
  • the material characteristics are improved by lowering the temperature decrease rate of the portion having a relatively small heat capacity until quenching, and thus reducing the temperature difference from the portion having a relatively large heat capacity. Can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 It is a perspective view of the cylinder head concerning an example. It is sectional drawing which follows the II line
  • (A) is a graph which shows the cooling rate of the representative site
  • (B) is a graph which shows the cooling rate of the representative site
  • (A) is an external appearance perspective view of the heat retention member which concerns on another example
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cylinder head according to an example
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a core used for casting the cylinder head
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the casting apparatus.
  • an upper deck 11 is formed in a cylinder head shape portion (head bolt) 10, and four gates 12 (two are not shown) are arranged in the lower part.
  • a cylinder head shape portion head bolt
  • four gates 12 are arranged in the lower part.
  • an aluminum alloy is used as a material and is integrally cast in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape in a plan view by a low pressure casting method.
  • the cylinder head-shaped portion 10 is formed by both side walls 13 and 14, a front wall 15 and a rear wall 16, and on both side walls 13 and 14, an intake port (not shown) corresponding to the number of cylinders is provided. And the same number of exhaust ports 18 are formed to face each other.
  • Reference numeral 19 denotes a cavity.
  • the upper deck 11, the front wall 15 and the rear wall 16 are made relatively thin, and the gates 12 and 12, the combustion chamber and the side walls 13 and 14 are made thick.
  • a portion formed relatively thin and a portion far from the heat source are set as a portion a having a relatively small heat capacity, while a portion having a relatively large heat capacity is close to the volume and the distance from the heat source. This is the part that takes into account two factors.
  • the small heat capacity portion a shown in the present embodiment is the front wall 15, the rear wall 16, and the upper deck 11.
  • a portion b having a large heat capacity is a combustion chamber below the upper deck 11, side walls 13 and 14, and a gate 12.
  • the lower surface having the combustion chamber is not thick, it has a large heat capacity because it is formed with a lower mold close to a holding furnace and is always supplied with heat from the gate.
  • the core 20 used for casting the cylinder head A having the above-described configuration is formed by integrally arranging port cores 22 and 23 on both side edges of the water jacket core 21.
  • the casting apparatus 30 has a mold 32 disposed in an upper opening of a holding furnace 31 that stores molten aluminum m.
  • the mold 32 is for simultaneously molding the two cylinder heads A and A, and includes a lower mold 33, an upper mold 34 and a center mold 35.
  • the lower mold 33 is formed with gates 33a, 33a at positions relative to the two cylinder heads A, A.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which a heat retaining member is attached to the cylinder head.
  • the quenching method of the cylinder head A according to the present invention is a content in which quenching is performed by flowing a cooling gas to the cylinder head A, and the portion a having a small heat capacity of the cylinder head A is the above-described core. 20 and the core 40 which will be described later are cast, and the above quenching is performed while the cores 20 and 40 remain as heat insulation members.
  • the cores 20 and 40 are referred to as “thermal insulation members 20 and 40”.
  • cooling gas shown in the present embodiment is air, but other argon or the like may be employed. Hereinafter, air will be described as an example of “cooling gas”.
  • flow contact in the present embodiment includes, for example, a mode in which air is blown to the entire cylinder head A by a single fan, in addition to those in which air is blown to each portion by cooling nozzles 60 to 62 described later.
  • the heat retaining member 40 shown in the present embodiment has a function of lowering the temperature decrease rate of a portion having a small heat capacity until quenching, and is formed of a core material in the present embodiment.
  • the heat retaining member 40 includes a front covering material 41, side covering materials 42 and 43, a rear covering material 44, and the upper covering material 45 formed independently of each other. 41 and the rear covering material 44 are formed integrally with the above-described core 20.
  • the front covering material 41 is a core formed in a shape and size that covers the entire front wall 15 described above.
  • the side covering materials 42 and 43 are formed as horizontally long hollow bodies extending elongated between the front wall 15 and the rear wall 16, and are coupled between the port cores 22 and 23 formed to protrude in parallel. It has been made.
  • the rear covering material 44 is formed in a shape and size that covers the entire rear wall 16.
  • the upper covering material 45 is a plate-like body that is sized and shaped to cover the upper deck 11.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a quenching apparatus according to an example.
  • the quenching apparatus B according to an example has a plurality of cooling nozzles 60 to 62 and an exhaust fan 65 appropriately disposed in a cooling booth main body 50.
  • the cooling booth main body 50 is formed in a volume that accommodates the cylinder head A equipped with the heat retaining member 40 (41 to 45) shown in FIG. 5, and has a side wall on the edge of the bottom wall 51 that is square in plan view. 52 to 55 are erected and an upper wall 56 is disposed on the side walls 52 to 55 (55 is not shown).
  • a cylindrical exhaust cylinder 57 projects from the central portion of the upper wall 56, and the exhaust fan 65 is disposed in the exhaust cylinder 57.
  • a mounting table 58 for mounting the cylinder head A, to which the heat retaining member 40 is mounted, spaced from the bottom wall 51 is disposed.
  • a cooling nozzle 62 for blowing air toward the gates 12 and 12 of the cylinder head A mounted thereon is disposed below the mounting table 58. Cooling nozzles 60 and 61 for blowing air toward the side surface of the cylinder head A placed on the side of the mounting table 58 are arranged.
  • the cooling nozzles 60 to 62 are connected to an air feeding device 70 for feeding air through feeding pipes 70a to 70c, respectively.
  • the exhaust fan 65 is connected to a power feeding device (not shown). It is connected and appropriately rotated. Further, the air supply device 70 and the exhaust fan 65 are connected to the output side of a controller (not shown) and are appropriately controlled.
  • the quenching method of the cylinder head A described above the following effects can be obtained. -The temperature drop after taking out from the metal mold
  • the quenching apparatus B which consists of said structure, the following effect can be acquired.
  • the air blown from the cooling nozzles 60 to 62 can be blown only to the portion b having a large heat capacity, while the portion a having a small heat capacity is covered by the heat retaining member 40, so that air flow can also be prevented. it can. Further, the air heated to flow in contact with the cylinder head A is discharged to the outside by the exhaust fan 65 to prevent the temperature of the air in the cooling booth main body B from rising.
  • FIG. 7A is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and time in each part of the cylinder head A in the conventional quenching method
  • FIG. 7B is a graph in each part of the cylinder head A in the quenching method according to the present embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between temperature and time.
  • FIG. 8A is an external perspective view of a heat retaining member according to another example
  • FIG. 8B is an external perspective view showing a state in which the heat retaining member according to another example is mounted on a cylinder head.
  • the heat retaining member 80 has a function of reducing the temperature decrease rate of a portion having a small heat capacity until quenching, as described above, and includes an upper covering material 81 and a side covering material 83. (One is not shown)
  • the front covering member 84 and the rear covering member 85 are integrally formed, and Ibi wool (registered trademark) is adhered to the surface facing the cylinder head A.
  • the upper covering material 81 is rectangular in plan view with an area covering the entire upper deck 11 of the cylinder head A described above.
  • the front covering member 84 has a rectangular shape in front view and has an area facing the entire surface of the front wall 15 of the cylinder head A.
  • the upper edge 84a is connected to the front edge 81a of the upper covering member 81. ing.
  • the rear covering member 85 has a rectangular shape when viewed from the front and has an area facing the entire rear wall 16 of the cylinder head A.
  • the upper edge 85a is connected to the rear edge 81b of the upper plate 81. Yes.
  • the side covering 83 has a rectangular shape in side view with an area facing the port of the cylinder head A described above, and the front and rear side edges 83a and 83b thereof are connected to the side edge 84b of the front plate 84 and the rear plate. It is constructed on 85 side edge 85b.
  • the side plate which is not shown in figure is comprised similarly.
  • the heat retaining member 80 in addition to the effects obtained by the heat retaining member 40 according to the above-described example, after the sand removal, the welding of the cylinder head A is performed, and the above-described quenching device B Due to trouble, it can also be used during quenching during re-heat treatment.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the following modifications can be made.
  • the example in which all of the portion having a small heat capacity is covered with the heat retaining member has been described, but it is needless to say that only a part thereof may be covered as necessary. .

Abstract

The present invention is a method for quenching a cylinder head, for performing quenching by bringing a flow of cooling gas into contact with a cylinder head, wherein portions of the cylinder head having a small heat capacity are cast using a core, and the quenching is performed in a state in which the core remains as a thermal insulation member.

Description

シリンダヘッドの焼入れ方法とこれに用いる保温部材Cylinder head quenching method and heat retaining member used therefor
　本発明は、レシプロエンジン等のシリンダヘッドの焼入れ方法とこれに用いる保温部材に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for quenching a cylinder head such as a reciprocating engine and a heat retaining member used therefor.
　この種の従来技術として、「金属鋳物の製造方法」とした名称において特許文献１に開示されたものがある。
　上記特許文献１に開示された金属鋳物の製造方法は、熱処理可能な液体アルミニウム銅合金から形成され、溶体熱処理の利点を享受し得るものであり、前記液体合金で型を充填し該合金固化金属鋳物を形成する段階と、前記型から取り出す段階とを３５０℃ 以上から直接焼き入れし、前記型からの鋳物の取り出しと前記焼き入れとの間に熱処理を一切しない段階と、前記焼入れ金属鋳物を時効硬化させる段階とを有する内容のものである。 As this type of prior art, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1 under the name of “metal casting manufacturing method”.
The method for producing a metal casting disclosed in Patent Document 1 is formed from a heat-treatable liquid aluminum copper alloy, and can enjoy the advantages of solution heat treatment. The mold is filled with the liquid alloy and the alloy solidified metal is obtained. The step of forming a casting and the step of removing from the mold are directly quenched at 350 ° C. or more, and no heat treatment is performed between the removal of the casting from the mold and the quenching, and the quenched metal casting is And age hardening.
日本国特許４０３５６６４号公報Japanese Patent No. 4035664
　上記特許文献１に記載のものは、型内に溶湯を充填して３５０℃以上まで冷却し、型から取り出した後、３５０℃以上から焼き入れして人工時効を行うものであるが、シリンダヘッドは複雑な形状をしているために、焼き入れ時の冷却の仕方により残留応力が発生する。 The one described in Patent Document 1 is a cylinder head in which a mold is filled with a molten metal, cooled to 350 ° C. or higher, removed from the mold, and then quenched from 350 ° C. or higher to perform artificial aging. Has a complicated shape, residual stress is generated depending on the cooling method during quenching.
　上記の残留応力を小さくするには、均一に冷却すること若しくはゆっくりと冷却することが必要であり、従ってまた、水による焼き入れよりも空気焼き入れの方が効果的であることが知られている。 In order to reduce the above residual stress, it is necessary to cool uniformly or slowly, and it is also known that air quenching is more effective than water quenching. Yes.
　しかしながら、空気焼き入れの場合、金型から鋳物を取り出した後、焼き入れ開始までの搬送工程において、鋳物の温度が低下してしまうと材料特性の向上を望むことができない。
　特にシリンダヘッドは、部分毎の肉厚の違い若しくは中子成形部と金型成形部といった抜熱の違いから金型内での凝固中の段階において温度分布が存在するうえ、金型から取り出した後は、外壁部と内部といった違いにより、温度低下速度の大きな部位、小さな部位が存在する。 However, in the case of air quenching, improvement in material properties cannot be expected if the temperature of the casting is lowered in the transporting process after the casting is taken out of the mold and before quenching is started.
In particular, the cylinder head has a temperature distribution at the stage of solidification in the mold due to the difference in the thickness of each part or the difference in heat extraction between the core molding part and the mold molding part, and the cylinder head is taken out from the mold. After that, due to the difference between the outer wall portion and the inside, there are a large portion and a small portion with a low temperature decrease rate.
　そこで本発明は、焼き入れに至るまでの熱容量の小さい部分の温度低下速度を低くし、従ってまた、熱容量の大きい部分との温度差を小さくすることにより材料特性の向上を図ることができるシリンダヘッドの焼入れ方法とこれに用いる保温部材の提供を目的としている。 Accordingly, the present invention provides a cylinder head capable of improving the material characteristics by lowering the temperature decrease rate of the portion with a small heat capacity until quenching, and thus reducing the temperature difference with the portion with a large heat capacity. An object of the present invention is to provide a quenching method and a heat retaining member used therefor.
　上記課題を解決するための本発明に係るシリンダヘッドの焼入れ方法は、冷却用気体をシリンダヘッドに流接させることにより焼き入れを行うものであり、上記シリンダヘッドの熱容量の大きさに応じて区分けをし、熱容量が相対的に小さい部分を中子を用いて鋳造を行い、その中子を保温部材として残存させたまま、上記焼き入れを行うことを内容としている。 The method of quenching a cylinder head according to the present invention for solving the above-described problem is to quench by flowing a cooling gas to the cylinder head and classify the cylinder head according to the heat capacity of the cylinder head. Then, the content is that the portion having a relatively small heat capacity is cast using a core, and the above quenching is performed with the core remaining as a heat retaining member.
　この構成によれば、熱容量が相対的に小さい部分を保温部材としての中子によって被覆したまま焼き入れしているので、焼き入れに至るまでの熱容量が相対的に小さい部分の温度低下速度を低くし、従ってまた、熱容量が相対的に大きい部分との温度差を小さくしている。 According to this configuration, since the portion having a relatively small heat capacity is hardened while being covered with the core as a heat retaining member, the temperature decrease rate of the portion having a relatively small heat capacity until quenching is lowered. Therefore, the temperature difference from the portion having a relatively large heat capacity is also reduced.
　同上の課題を解決するための本発明に係るシリンダヘッドの焼入れに用いる保温部材は、上記したシリンダヘッドの熱容量が相対的に小さい部分を被覆するための被覆材を設けたものである。 The thermal insulation member used for quenching the cylinder head according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is provided with a coating material for coating a portion where the heat capacity of the cylinder head is relatively small.
　この構成によれば、熱容量が相対的に小さい部分を保温部材の被覆材によって被覆したまま焼き入れしているので、焼き入れに至るまでの熱容量が相対的に小さい部分の温度低下速度を低くし、従ってまた、熱容量が相対的に大きい部分との温度差を小さくできる。 According to this configuration, since the portion having a relatively small heat capacity is hardened while being covered with the covering material of the heat retaining member, the temperature decreasing rate of the portion having a relatively small heat capacity until quenching is lowered. Therefore, the temperature difference from the portion having a relatively large heat capacity can be reduced.
　本発明によれば、焼き入れに至るまでの熱容量が相対的に小さい部分の温度低下速度を低くし、従ってまた、熱容量が相対的に大きい部分との温度差を小さくすることにより材料特性の向上を図ることができる。 According to the present invention, the material characteristics are improved by lowering the temperature decrease rate of the portion having a relatively small heat capacity until quenching, and thus reducing the temperature difference from the portion having a relatively large heat capacity. Can be achieved.
一例に係るシリンダヘッドの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the cylinder head concerning an example. 図１に示すＩ‐Ｉ線に沿う断面図である。It is sectional drawing which follows the II line | wire shown in FIG. 同上のシリンダヘッドの鋳造に用いる中子を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the core used for casting of a cylinder head same as the above. 同上のシリンダヘッドを鋳造するための鋳造装置の概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the casting apparatus for casting a cylinder head same as the above. 同上のシリンダヘッドに保温部材を装着した様子を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows a mode that the heat retention member was mounted | worn with the cylinder head same as the above. 一例に係る焼入れ装置の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the hardening apparatus which concerns on an example. （Ａ）は、従来の焼入れ方法における代表部位の冷却速度を示すグラフ、（Ｂ）は、本発明に係る焼入れ方法における代表部位の冷却速度を示すグラフである。(A) is a graph which shows the cooling rate of the representative site | part in the conventional hardening method, (B) is a graph which shows the cooling rate of the representative site | part in the quenching method which concerns on this invention. （Ａ）は、他例に係る保温部材の外観斜視図、（Ｂ）は、その他例に係る保温部材をシリンダヘッドに装着した様子を示す外観斜視図である。(A) is an external appearance perspective view of the heat retention member which concerns on another example, (B) is an external appearance perspective view which shows a mode that the heat retention member which concerns on the other example was mounted | worn to the cylinder head.
　以下に、本発明を実施するための形態について、図面を参照して説明する。図１は、一例に係るシリンダヘッドの斜視図、図２は、図１に示すＩ‐Ｉ線に沿う断面図である。また、図３は、そのシリンダヘッドの鋳造に用いる中子を示す斜視図、図４は、鋳造装置の概略断面図である。 Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cylinder head according to an example, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a core used for casting the cylinder head, and FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the casting apparatus.
　本発明の一例に係るシリンダヘッドＡは、シリンダヘッド形状部（ヘッドボルト）１０内にアッパーデッキ１１を形成しているとともに、下部に４つの湯口１２…（２つは図示していない）を配設したものであり、例えばアルミ合金を材質として低圧鋳造法により平面視において略直方体形にして一体に鋳造されている。 In the cylinder head A according to an example of the present invention, an upper deck 11 is formed in a cylinder head shape portion (head bolt) 10, and four gates 12 (two are not shown) are arranged in the lower part. For example, an aluminum alloy is used as a material and is integrally cast in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape in a plan view by a low pressure casting method.
　シリンダヘッド形状部１０は、両側壁１３，１４、前壁１５及び後壁１６により形成されており、そのうちの両側壁１３，１４には、気筒数に応じた吸気ポート（図示しない）と、これと同数の排気ポート１８とが互いに対向して形成されている。なお、１９はキャビティである。 The cylinder head-shaped portion 10 is formed by both side walls 13 and 14, a front wall 15 and a rear wall 16, and on both side walls 13 and 14, an intake port (not shown) corresponding to the number of cylinders is provided. And the same number of exhaust ports 18 are formed to face each other. Reference numeral 19 denotes a cavity.
　上記アッパーデッキ１１、前壁１５、及び後壁１６は比較的薄肉にし、また、湯口１２、１２、燃焼室及び両側壁１３，１４を厚肉にして形成している。
　本実施形態においては、比較的薄肉にして形成した部分及び熱源から遠い部分を熱容量が相対的に小さい部分ａとする一方、熱容量が相対的に大きい部分とは、体積と熱源からの距離が近いというそれぞれ２つの要素を勘案した部分をいう。 The upper deck 11, the front wall 15 and the rear wall 16 are made relatively thin, and the gates 12 and 12, the combustion chamber and the side walls 13 and 14 are made thick.
In the present embodiment, a portion formed relatively thin and a portion far from the heat source are set as a portion a having a relatively small heat capacity, while a portion having a relatively large heat capacity is close to the volume and the distance from the heat source. This is the part that takes into account two factors.
　本実施形態において示す熱容量の小さい部分ａは、前壁１５、後壁１６及びアッパーデッキ１１である。
　熱容量の大きい部分ｂは、アッパーデッキ１１下方の燃焼室及び両側壁１３，１４及び湯口１２としている。
　燃焼室を有する下面も肉厚ではないが、保持炉に近い下型で形成され、かつ、常に湯口からの熱供給を受けるため熱容量が大きい。 The small heat capacity portion a shown in the present embodiment is the front wall 15, the rear wall 16, and the upper deck 11.
A portion b having a large heat capacity is a combustion chamber below the upper deck 11, side walls 13 and 14, and a gate 12.
Although the lower surface having the combustion chamber is not thick, it has a large heat capacity because it is formed with a lower mold close to a holding furnace and is always supplied with heat from the gate.
　上記の構成からなるシリンダヘッドＡの鋳造に用いる中子２０は、図３に示すように、ウォータージャケット中子２１の両側辺縁にポート中子２２，２３を一体に列設したものである。 As shown in FIG. 3, the core 20 used for casting the cylinder head A having the above-described configuration is formed by integrally arranging port cores 22 and 23 on both side edges of the water jacket core 21.
　鋳造装置３０は、図４に示すように、アルミ溶湯ｍを貯留する保持炉３１の上部開口に、金型３２を配設したものである。
　金型３２は、上記した二つのシリンダヘッドＡ，Ａを同時に成形するためのものであり、下側金型３３、上側金型３４及びセンター型３５とからなる。
　下側金型３３には、二つのシリンダヘッドＡ，Ａに対する位置に湯口３３ａ，３３ａが形成されている。 As shown in FIG. 4, the casting apparatus 30 has a mold 32 disposed in an upper opening of a holding furnace 31 that stores molten aluminum m.
The mold 32 is for simultaneously molding the two cylinder heads A and A, and includes a lower mold 33, an upper mold 34 and a center mold 35.
The lower mold 33 is formed with gates 33a, 33a at positions relative to the two cylinder heads A, A.
　図５は、シリンダヘッドに保温部材を装着した様子を示す斜視図である。
　本発明に係るシリンダヘッドＡの焼入れ方法は、冷却用気体をシリンダヘッドＡに流接させることにより焼き入れを行う内容のものであり、上記シリンダヘッドＡの熱容量の小さい部分ａを上記した中子２０及び後記する中子４０を用いた鋳造を行い、その中子２０，４０を保温部材として残存させたまま、上記焼き入れを行うことを内容としている。
　以下、中子２０，４０を「保温部材２０，４０」という。 FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which a heat retaining member is attached to the cylinder head.
The quenching method of the cylinder head A according to the present invention is a content in which quenching is performed by flowing a cooling gas to the cylinder head A, and the portion a having a small heat capacity of the cylinder head A is the above-described core. 20 and the core 40 which will be described later are cast, and the above quenching is performed while the cores 20 and 40 remain as heat insulation members.
Hereinafter, the cores 20 and 40 are referred to as “ thermal insulation members 20 and 40”.
　本実施形態において示す「冷却用気体」は空気であるが、その他アルゴン等を採用することができる。以下、「冷却用気体」として空気を例として説明する。
　また、本実施形態における「流接」は、後述する冷却ノズル６０～６２によって空気を各部分に吹き付けるものの他、例えば単一のファンによってシリンダヘッドＡ全体に空気を吹き付ける態様のものを含む。 The “cooling gas” shown in the present embodiment is air, but other argon or the like may be employed. Hereinafter, air will be described as an example of “cooling gas”.
In addition, “flow contact” in the present embodiment includes, for example, a mode in which air is blown to the entire cylinder head A by a single fan, in addition to those in which air is blown to each portion by cooling nozzles 60 to 62 described later.
　本実施形態において示す保温部材４０は、焼き入れに至るまでの熱容量の小さい部分の温度低下速度を低くする機能を有するものであり、本実施形態においては中子材により形成している。
　この保温部材４０は、図５に示すように、互いに独立して形成したフロント被覆材４１、サイド被覆材４２，４３、リア被覆材４４及び上記したアッパー被覆材４５からなり、そのうち、フロント被覆材４１とリア被覆材４４とは、上記した中子２０と一体に形成されている。 The heat retaining member 40 shown in the present embodiment has a function of lowering the temperature decrease rate of a portion having a small heat capacity until quenching, and is formed of a core material in the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 5, the heat retaining member 40 includes a front covering material 41, side covering materials 42 and 43, a rear covering material 44, and the upper covering material 45 formed independently of each other. 41 and the rear covering material 44 are formed integrally with the above-described core 20.
　フロント被覆材４１は、上記した前壁１５全面を被覆する形状，大きさに形成した中子である。
　サイド被覆材４２，４３は、前壁１５，後壁１６間に細長く延出した横長の中空体として形成したものであり、並列して突出形成されているポート中子２２，２３間に連成させたものである。 The front covering material 41 is a core formed in a shape and size that covers the entire front wall 15 described above.
The side covering materials 42 and 43 are formed as horizontally long hollow bodies extending elongated between the front wall 15 and the rear wall 16, and are coupled between the port cores 22 and 23 formed to protrude in parallel. It has been made.
　リア被覆材４４は、後壁１６全面を被覆する形状，大きさに形成したものである。
　アッパー被覆材４５は、アッパーデッキ１１を被覆する大きさ，形状にした板状体である。 The rear covering material 44 is formed in a shape and size that covers the entire rear wall 16.
The upper covering material 45 is a plate-like body that is sized and shaped to cover the upper deck 11.
　次に、一例に係る焼入れ装置Ｂについて、上記した図５とともに図６を参照して説明する。図６は、一例に係る焼入れ装置の断面図である。
　一例に係る焼入れ装置Ｂは、図６に示すように、冷却ブース本体５０内に、複数の冷却ノズル６０～６２と排気ファン６５とを適宜配設したものである。 Next, the hardening apparatus B which concerns on an example is demonstrated with reference to FIG. 6 with FIG. 5 mentioned above. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a quenching apparatus according to an example.
As shown in FIG. 6, the quenching apparatus B according to an example has a plurality of cooling nozzles 60 to 62 and an exhaust fan 65 appropriately disposed in a cooling booth main body 50.
　冷却ブース本体５０は、上記した図５に示す保温部材４０（４１～４５）を装着したシリンダヘッドＡを収容する容積に形成されており、平面視正方形にした底壁５１の辺縁に側璧５２～５５を立設するとともに、それら側璧５２～５５（５５は図示していない）上に上壁５６を配設したものである。 The cooling booth main body 50 is formed in a volume that accommodates the cylinder head A equipped with the heat retaining member 40 (41 to 45) shown in FIG. 5, and has a side wall on the edge of the bottom wall 51 that is square in plan view. 52 to 55 are erected and an upper wall 56 is disposed on the side walls 52 to 55 (55 is not shown).
　上壁５６の中央部分には、円筒形の排気筒５７が突設されており、その排気筒５７内に上記した排気ファン６５が配設されている。
　底壁５１上には、保温部材４０を装着した上記シリンダヘッドＡを底壁５１から離間させて載置するための載置台５８が配設されている。 A cylindrical exhaust cylinder 57 projects from the central portion of the upper wall 56, and the exhaust fan 65 is disposed in the exhaust cylinder 57.
On the bottom wall 51, a mounting table 58 for mounting the cylinder head A, to which the heat retaining member 40 is mounted, spaced from the bottom wall 51 is disposed.
　載置台５８の下部には、これに載置されたシリンダヘッドＡの湯口１２，１２に向けて空気を吹き付けるための冷却ノズル６２が配置されている。
　載置台５８の側方には、これに載置されたシリンダヘッドＡの側面に向けて空気を吹き付けるための冷却ノズル６０，６１が配置されている。 A cooling nozzle 62 for blowing air toward the gates 12 and 12 of the cylinder head A mounted thereon is disposed below the mounting table 58.
Cooling nozzles 60 and 61 for blowing air toward the side surface of the cylinder head A placed on the side of the mounting table 58 are arranged.
　上記冷却ノズル６０～６２には、それぞれ空気を送給するための空気送給装置７０が送給パイプ７０ａ～７０ｃを介して接続され、また、排気ファン６５には、給電装置（図示しない）が接続されて適宜回転駆動されるようになっている。
　また、空気送給装置７０や排気ファン６５は、図示しないコントローラの出力側に接続されて、適宜制御されるようになっている。 The cooling nozzles 60 to 62 are connected to an air feeding device 70 for feeding air through feeding pipes 70a to 70c, respectively. The exhaust fan 65 is connected to a power feeding device (not shown). It is connected and appropriately rotated.
Further, the air supply device 70 and the exhaust fan 65 are connected to the output side of a controller (not shown) and are appropriately controlled.
　すなわち、本発明に係るシリンダヘッドＡの焼入れ方法は、上記シリンダヘッドＡの熱容量が小さい部分ａを、保温部材２０とともに保温部材４０をなすフロント被覆材４１、サイド被覆材４２，４３、リア被覆材４４及び上記したアッパー被覆材４５を用いて鋳造を行い、それら保温部材２０及び被覆材４１～４５をシリンダヘッドＡに装着したまま、焼入れ装置Ｂによって空気焼き入れしている。 That is, in the quenching method of the cylinder head A according to the present invention, the front covering material 41, the side covering materials 42 and 43, and the rear covering material that form the heat retaining member 40 together with the heat retaining member 20 in the portion a having a small heat capacity of the cylinder head A. 44 and the above-described upper covering material 45 are cast, and the heat retaining member 20 and the covering materials 41 to 45 are air-quenched by the quenching device B while the cylinder head A is mounted.
　上記したシリンダヘッドＡの焼入れ方法によれば、次の効果を得ることができる。
・シリンダヘッドＡの熱容量の小さい部分と外壁部位における金型から取り出した後の温度低下が、金型成形時よりも小さくなる。
・焼き入れ開始時におけるシリンダヘッドＡの温度を高温に保ちやすくなり、材料特性の向上を図ることができる。
・シリンダヘッドＡの部位毎の特性バラツキを小さくすることができる。
・鋳造装置廻りのラインレイアウトの自由度を高めることができる。
・全て砂型で鋳造するよりも操間材費用を安くすることができる。 According to the quenching method of the cylinder head A described above, the following effects can be obtained.
-The temperature drop after taking out from the metal mold | die in the small heat capacity part and outer wall part of the cylinder head A becomes smaller than the time of metal mold | die shaping | molding.
-It becomes easy to keep the temperature of the cylinder head A at the start of quenching high, and material characteristics can be improved.
-The characteristic variation for each part of the cylinder head A can be reduced.
-The degree of freedom of line layout around the casting equipment can be increased.
・ It is possible to reduce the cost of the operation material compared to casting all with sand molds.
　上記の構成からなる焼入れ装置Ｂによれば、次の効果を得ることができる。
　冷却ノズル６０～６２から吹き出された空気は、熱容量の大きな部分ｂのみに吹き付けることができる一方、熱容量の小さな部分ａは保温部材４０によって被覆されているので、空気の流接をも防ぐことができる。
　また、シリンダヘッドＡに流接して昇温した空気は、排気ファン６５によって外部に排出され、冷却ブース本体Ｂ内の空気の温度上昇を防いでいる。 According to the quenching apparatus B which consists of said structure, the following effect can be acquired.
The air blown from the cooling nozzles 60 to 62 can be blown only to the portion b having a large heat capacity, while the portion a having a small heat capacity is covered by the heat retaining member 40, so that air flow can also be prevented. it can.
Further, the air heated to flow in contact with the cylinder head A is discharged to the outside by the exhaust fan 65 to prevent the temperature of the air in the cooling booth main body B from rising.
　図７（Ａ）は、従来の焼き入れ方法におけるシリンダヘッドＡの各部分における温度と時間の関係を示すグラフ、（Ｂ）は、本実施形態に係る焼き入れ方法におけるシリンダヘッドＡの各部分における温度と時間の関係を示すグラフである。 FIG. 7A is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and time in each part of the cylinder head A in the conventional quenching method, and FIG. 7B is a graph in each part of the cylinder head A in the quenching method according to the present embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between temperature and time.
　同図（Ａ）に示す従来の焼き入れ方法におけるシリンダヘッドＡの各部分における温度と時間の関係と、同図（Ｂ）に示す本実施形態に係る焼き入れ方法におけるシリンダヘッドＡの各部分における温度と時間の関係を比較して明らかなように、シリンダヘッドＡの各部位における温度低下速度が低下していることが確認できた。 The relationship between temperature and time in each part of the cylinder head A in the conventional quenching method shown in FIG. 6A, and in each part of the cylinder head A in the quenching method according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. As is clear by comparing the relationship between temperature and time, it was confirmed that the temperature decrease rate at each part of the cylinder head A was decreasing.
　次に、図８（Ａ），（Ｂ）を参照して他例に係る保温部材について説明する。図８（Ａ）は、他例に係る保温部材の外観斜視図、（Ｂ）は、その他例に係る保温部材をシリンダヘッドに装着した様子を示す外観斜視図である。 Next, a heat insulating member according to another example will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 (A) and 8 (B). FIG. 8A is an external perspective view of a heat retaining member according to another example, and FIG. 8B is an external perspective view showing a state in which the heat retaining member according to another example is mounted on a cylinder head.
　他例に係る保温部材８０は、上記したものと同じく、焼き入れに至るまでの熱容量の小さい部分の温度低下速度を低くする機能を有するものであり、それは、アッパー被覆材８１、サイド被覆材８３（一方は図示していない）、フロント被覆材８４及びリア被覆材８５を一体的に形成したものであり、シリンダヘッドＡとの対向面にイビウール（登録商標）を貼着している。 The heat retaining member 80 according to another example has a function of reducing the temperature decrease rate of a portion having a small heat capacity until quenching, as described above, and includes an upper covering material 81 and a side covering material 83. (One is not shown) The front covering member 84 and the rear covering member 85 are integrally formed, and Ibi wool (registered trademark) is adhered to the surface facing the cylinder head A.
　アッパー被覆材８１は、上記したシリンダヘッドＡのアッパーデッキ１１全面を覆う面積にした平面視長方形のものである。
　フロント被覆材８４は、上記したシリンダヘッドＡの前壁１５の全面に対向する面積にした正面視横長方形のものであり、これの上辺縁８４ａをアッパー被覆材８１の前辺縁８１ａに連結している。 The upper covering material 81 is rectangular in plan view with an area covering the entire upper deck 11 of the cylinder head A described above.
The front covering member 84 has a rectangular shape in front view and has an area facing the entire surface of the front wall 15 of the cylinder head A. The upper edge 84a is connected to the front edge 81a of the upper covering member 81. ing.
　リア被覆材８５は、上記したシリンダヘッドＡの後壁１６の全面に対向する面積にした正面視横長方形のものであり、これの上辺縁８５ａをアッパー板８１の後辺縁８１ｂに連結している。 The rear covering member 85 has a rectangular shape when viewed from the front and has an area facing the entire rear wall 16 of the cylinder head A. The upper edge 85a is connected to the rear edge 81b of the upper plate 81. Yes.
　サイド被覆材８３は、上記したシリンダヘッドＡのポートに対向被覆する面積にした側面視横長方形のものであり、これの前後辺縁８３ａ，８３ｂをフロント板８４の側辺縁８４ｂと、リア板８５の側辺縁８５ｂに架設している。なお、図示しないサイド板も同様に構成されている。 The side covering 83 has a rectangular shape in side view with an area facing the port of the cylinder head A described above, and the front and rear side edges 83a and 83b thereof are connected to the side edge 84b of the front plate 84 and the rear plate. It is constructed on 85 side edge 85b. In addition, the side plate which is not shown in figure is comprised similarly.
　上記した他例に係る保温部材８０によれば、上記した一例に係る保温部材４０によって得られる効果に加え、砂落としの後にシリンダヘッドＡの溶接手直しを行った後や、上記した焼入れ装置Ｂのトラブルにより、再熱処理するときの焼入れ時にも使用することができる。 According to the heat retaining member 80 according to the other example described above, in addition to the effects obtained by the heat retaining member 40 according to the above-described example, after the sand removal, the welding of the cylinder head A is performed, and the above-described quenching device B Due to trouble, it can also be used during quenching during re-heat treatment.
　なお、本発明は上述した実施形態に限るものではなく、次のような変形実施が可能である。
・上述した実施形態においては、熱容量の小さい部分の全部を、保温部材によって被覆している例について説明したが、必要に応じてその一部だけを被覆する構成にしてもよいことは勿論である。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the following modifications can be made.
In the above-described embodiment, the example in which all of the portion having a small heat capacity is covered with the heat retaining member has been described, but it is needless to say that only a part thereof may be covered as necessary. .
２０，４０，８０　　　保温部材
Ａ　　　　　　　シリンダヘッド
ａ　　　　　　　熱容量の小さい部分
ｂ　　　　　　　熱容量の大きい部分 20, 40, 80 Thermal insulation member A Cylinder head a Part having a small heat capacity b Part having a large heat capacity

Claims (4)

  1. 　冷却用気体をシリンダヘッドに流接させることにより焼き入れを行うシリンダヘッドの焼入れ方法において、
    　上記シリンダヘッドの熱容量の大きさに応じて区分けをし、熱容量が相対的に小さい部分を中子を用いて鋳造を行い、その中子を保温部材として残存させたまま、上記焼き入れを行うことを特徴とするシリンダヘッドの焼入れ方法。     In the quenching method of the cylinder head for quenching by flowing the cooling gas to the cylinder head,
    Classify according to the heat capacity of the cylinder head, cast the part with a relatively small heat capacity using a core, and perform the quenching with the core remaining as a heat retaining member. A method of quenching a cylinder head characterized by
  2. 　熱容量が相対的に小さい部分は相対的に肉薄部分である請求項１に記載のシリンダヘッドの焼入れ方法。 The method for quenching a cylinder head according to claim 1, wherein the portion having a relatively small heat capacity is a relatively thin portion.
  3. 　肉薄部分は、アッパーデッキ、前壁及び後壁である請求項２に記載のシリンダヘッドの焼入れ方法。 The method for quenching a cylinder head according to claim 2, wherein the thin portions are an upper deck, a front wall, and a rear wall.
  4. 　請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の焼き入れ方法に用いる保温部材であって、上記シリンダヘッドの熱容量が相対的に小さい部分を被覆するための被覆材を有することを特徴とする保温部材。 The heat insulating member used in the quenching method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a covering material for covering a portion having a relatively small heat capacity of the cylinder head. Element.
PCT/JP2013/071467 2012-08-16 2013-08-08 Method for quenching cylinder head, and thermal insulation member using same WO2014027598A1 (en)

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JP2016132028A (en) * 2015-01-22 2016-07-25 日産自動車株式会社 Casting apparatus
CN108044085A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-05-18 佛山市恒学科技服务有限公司 A kind of foundry machinery cooling device for facilitating metal liquid coagulation forming
CN109306916A (en) * 2017-07-26 2019-02-05 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 For handling the method and system of automobile engine cylinder-body
CN110860676A (en) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-06 马鞍山市黎明天工自动化设备有限公司 Casting mold cooling device and casting mold cooling method
CN111633200A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-09-08 湘乡市振宇冶金材料有限公司 Alloy cooling device
CN112024853A (en) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-04 盐城工业职业技术学院 High-efficient foundry goods cooling arrangement

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JP2016132028A (en) * 2015-01-22 2016-07-25 日産自動車株式会社 Casting apparatus
CN105458234A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-04-06 江苏捷帝机器人股份有限公司 Double-way fan for cast iron cooling
CN109306916A (en) * 2017-07-26 2019-02-05 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 For handling the method and system of automobile engine cylinder-body
CN108044085A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-05-18 佛山市恒学科技服务有限公司 A kind of foundry machinery cooling device for facilitating metal liquid coagulation forming
CN110860676A (en) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-06 马鞍山市黎明天工自动化设备有限公司 Casting mold cooling device and casting mold cooling method
CN111633200A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-09-08 湘乡市振宇冶金材料有限公司 Alloy cooling device
CN112024853A (en) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-04 盐城工业职业技术学院 High-efficient foundry goods cooling arrangement

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