WO2014021144A1 - 磁気共鳴撮像装置、診断支援システムおよびプログラム - Google Patents
磁気共鳴撮像装置、診断支援システムおよびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a data analysis technique for supporting clinical diagnosis using a magnetic resonance spectrum measured using a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus.
- An MRI apparatus that performs magnetic resonance imaging (hereinafter abbreviated as MRI) irradiates a subject placed in a static magnetic field with a high-frequency magnetic field of a specific frequency, and thus includes hydrogen contained in the subject.
- the nuclear magnetization of the nuclei is excited, and a nuclear magnetic resonance signal generated from the subject after the excitation is detected to obtain physical and chemical information.
- measurement methods using an MRI apparatus include differences in resonance frequencies due to differences in chemical bonds of various molecules including hydrogen nuclei (hereinafter referred to as chemical shifts).
- MRS Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Patent Document 1 The method described in Patent Document 1 is called a PRESS (press) method, and is the most commonly used method in current MRS measurement as a method of localizing a measurement target region.
- a PRESS (press) method After applying a gradient magnetic field (GC) pulse for selecting a predetermined slice together with a high frequency magnetic field (RF) pulse for exciting nuclear magnetization, two directions orthogonal to the slice together with a high frequency magnetic field pulse for reversing nuclear magnetization are used. Each of the gradient magnetic field pulses for selecting the slices is applied, and the nuclear magnetic resonance signal from the region where the three slices intersect is measured. Then, a magnetic resonance spectrum signal is obtained by subjecting the measured nuclear magnetic resonance signal to Fourier transform in the time axis direction.
- GC gradient magnetic field
- RF high frequency magnetic field
- MRS measurement has a major advantage not available in other measurement methods in that it can non-invasively measure metabolites inside the human body, and has recently become widespread in clinical settings.
- the data obtained by MRS is a spectrum graph, it is difficult to interpret and requires experience compared to normal MRI image diagnosis. For this reason, it is recognized as a somewhat high threshold diagnostic method for non-specialist doctors.
- a judgment (classification) threshold for spectral signal intensity value ratio (major metabolite concentration value ratio) for individual diseases has been proposed, but it is not sufficient.
- the case DB is a collection of cases in which accumulated data is a sentence describing a diagnosis result written in a medical record and a spectrum graph image.
- diagnosis support using such a case DB will be important in the future.
- DB disease spectrum DB
- Disease spectrum DB disease spectrum DB
- 13 types of degenerative diseases of the head 3 to 86 cases / disease
- Average spectrum graphs of patterns are created, and the spectrum graphs are visually classified according to a predetermined reference value and registered as a disease-specific spectrum DB.
- the newly acquired disease is approximated to an unknown spectrum from the disease-specific spectrum DB, and the user extracts an average spectrum with high similarity, and the extracted average spectrum is
- a method for providing diagnosis support by superimposing and displaying on an unknown spectrum.
- the average spectrum extracted by the user and the standard deviation of the average spectrum group registered in association with the disease to which the average spectrum belongs are superimposed on the unknown spectrum as a band spectrum (the line width is equivalent to the standard deviation).
- a technique to do this has also been proposed.
- a magnetic resonance spectrum signal for each metabolite is obtained using a phantom group including each metabolite alone at a predetermined concentration. This is the standard spectrum of each metabolite.
- Identification spectrum candidates are created by multiplying the standard spectra of each metabolite by a factor. The coefficient is determined so that the difference between this identification spectrum candidate and the measured spectrum is minimized.
- the concentration value (or signal intensity value of each signal peak) of each metabolite included in the measurement spectrum is obtained as a probability density function.
- a percentage display value of the standard deviation of each sample value of the obtained probability density function is also obtained as a standard deviation rate (hereinafter referred to as “% SD”).
- the spectrum DB for each disease disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 is created by the following procedure. First, a plurality of experts verifies the data quality for one or more magnetic resonance spectrum signals (hereinafter referred to as “determined spectrum”) for each of the diagnosed diseases. Then, peak alignment and normalization are performed on the accepted confirmed spectrum, an average value and a standard deviation are calculated, and registered as an average spectrum graph in association with the disease.
- determined spectrum magnetic resonance spectrum signals
- extraction of an average spectrum having high similarity to an unknown spectrum is performed by the following method. Simultaneously with the creation of each disease spectrum DB, a two-dimensional map is created in which the characteristics of each deterministic spectrum used for DB creation are mapped on a plane. As the characteristic, for example, a ratio between predetermined signal peaks is used. Similar characteristics are extracted from the newly acquired unknown spectrum and mapped to a two-dimensional map. The user can recognize the deterministic spectrum mapped in the vicinity of the position where the unknown spectrum is mapped as a deterministic spectrum having high similarity, and can extract it as an average spectrum to be superimposed and displayed.
- the ratio between signal peaks common to all diseases is used to extract spectra with high similarity. Originally, the generated signal changes for each disease. Therefore, depending on the disease, the signal intensity of the signal peak used as a characteristic is weak, and the reliability of extraction decreases.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a data analysis technique capable of providing simple and highly accurate diagnosis support using an MRS spectrum obtained by MRS measurement.
- similarity is discriminated based on a previously created spectrum database record for each disease and newly acquired analysis data of an unknown MRS spectrum, and disease candidates are presented.
- For the determination of similarity only data in which the reliability index for each predetermined feature term satisfies a predetermined condition in the analysis data is used.
- the data for which the reliability index for each predetermined feature item satisfies a predetermined condition among the analysis data of one or more MRS spectra that have been confirmed and diagnosed is used.
- (a) is an external view of an MRI apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a horizontal magnetic field type MRI apparatus, (b) is an external view of the vertical magnetic field type MRI apparatus, and (c) is It is an external view of the MRI apparatus which heightened the open feeling.
- (a)-(c) is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the area
- FIG. 1 is an external view of the MRI apparatus of this embodiment.
- FIG. 1A shows a horizontal magnetic field type MRI apparatus 100 using a tunnel magnet that generates a static magnetic field with a solenoid coil.
- FIG. 1B shows a hamburger type (open type) vertical magnetic field type MRI apparatus 120 in which magnets are separated into upper and lower sides in order to enhance the feeling of opening.
- FIG. 1C shows an MRI apparatus 130 that uses the same tunnel-type magnet as in FIG. 1A and has a feeling of openness by shortening the depth of the magnet and tilting it obliquely. In the present embodiment, any of the MRI apparatuses having these appearances may be used.
- the MRI apparatus of the present embodiment is not limited to these forms.
- various known MRI apparatuses can be used regardless of the form and type of the apparatus.
- the MRI apparatus 100 is representative.
- FIG. 2 is a functional configuration diagram of the MRI apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- the MRI apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a static magnetic field coil 102 that generates a static magnetic field in a space where a subject 101 is placed, and three directions (for example, an x direction, a y direction, a gradient magnetic field coil 103 for generating a gradient magnetic field in the z direction) and applying the gradient magnetic field coil 103 to the subject 101, a shim coil 104 for adjusting the static magnetic field distribution, and a high frequency magnetic field irradiation coil for irradiating the measurement region of the subject 101 with a high frequency magnetic field.
- a static magnetic field coil 102 that generates a static magnetic field in a space where a subject 101 is placed
- three directions for example, an x direction, a y direction, a gradient magnetic field coil 103 for generating a gradient magnetic field in the z direction
- a shim coil 104 for adjusting the static magnetic field distribution
- a transmission coil a nuclear magnetic resonance signal reception coil 106 (hereinafter simply referred to as a reception coil) that receives a nuclear magnetic resonance signal generated from the subject 101, a transmitter 107, and a receiver 108, , A computer 109, a gradient magnetic field power supply unit 112, a shim power supply unit 113, and a sequence control device 114.
- the gradient magnetic field coil 103 and the shim coil 104 are driven by a gradient magnetic field power supply unit 112 and a shim power supply unit 113, respectively.
- the high-frequency magnetic field irradiated by the transmission coil 105 is generated by the transmitter 107.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance signal detected by the receiving coil 106 is sent to the computer 109 through the receiver 108.
- a case where separate transmission coils 105 and reception coils 106 are used will be described as an example. However, these are one coil that functions as both the transmission coil 105 and the reception coil 106. You may comprise.
- the sequence control device 114 is configured such that the gradient magnetic field power supply unit 112 that is a power supply for driving the gradient magnetic field coil 103, the shim power supply unit 113 that is the power supply for driving the shim coil 104, the transmitter 107, and the receiver 108 in accordance with instructions from the computer 109. And the timing of application of the gradient magnetic field and high frequency magnetic field and reception of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal are controlled.
- the control time chart is called a pulse sequence, is preset according to measurement, and is stored in a storage device or the like included in the computer 109 described later.
- the computer 109 performs various arithmetic processes on the received nuclear magnetic resonance signal to generate image information, spectrum information, temperature information, and temperature accuracy information, and gives an instruction to the sequence control device 114, and the entire MRI apparatus 100 To control the operation.
- the computer 109 is an information processing device that includes a CPU, a memory, a storage device, and the like, and a display device 110 such as a display, an external storage device 111, an input device 115, and the like are connected to the computer 109.
- the display device 110 is an interface for displaying results obtained by the arithmetic processing to the operator.
- the input device 115 is an interface for an operator to input conditions, parameters, and the like necessary for the arithmetic processing performed in the present embodiment.
- the external storage device 111 holds, together with the storage device, data used for various arithmetic processes executed by the computer 109, data obtained by the arithmetic processes, input conditions, parameters, and the like.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a pulse sequence 300 of the symmetric PRESS method.
- the horizontal magnetic field type MRI apparatus 100 is used, and the static magnetic field direction is the Z-axis direction.
- RF is a high-frequency magnetic field
- Gz is a gradient magnetic field in the Z-axis direction
- Gx is a gradient magnetic field in the X-axis direction
- Gy is an application timing of a gradient magnetic field in the Y-axis direction
- a / D is a nuclear magnetic resonance signal. (Echo signal) acquisition timing is shown respectively.
- TE is an echo time.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a region excited and inverted by the pulse sequence 300 shown in FIG.
- the images shown in FIG. 4 are scout images acquired for positioning and reference prior to the actual photographing.
- FIG. 4A shows the positioning transformer image 410 and FIG.
- FIG. 4C is a position reference coronal image 430.
- a region (voxel) 450 where a first slice 441 perpendicular to the Z-axis, a second slice 442 perpendicular to the X-axis, and a third slice 443 perpendicular to the Y-axis intersect is measured.
- a region (voxel) 450 where a first slice 441 perpendicular to the Z-axis, a second slice 442 perpendicular to the X-axis, and a third slice 443 perpendicular to the Y-axis intersect is measured.
- a high-frequency magnetic field pulse (90 ° pulse) RF1 having a flip angle of 90 ° is applied together with application of a slice selection gradient magnetic field pulse (slice selection GC pulse) Gs11 in the Z-axis direction, and only nuclear magnetization in the first slice 441 is applied. Are selectively excited.
- the transmission frequency f1 of the 90 ° pulse RF1 is determined so that the first slice 441 selected in combination with the slice selection GC pulse Gs11 includes the measurement target region 450.
- All of the following high-frequency magnetic field pulses (RF pulses) can be adjusted for transmission frequency, excitation (inversion) frequency band, excitation (flip) angle and transmission phase, respectively, and are selectively excited / inverted.
- the “slice position and thickness” and the “angle and direction for depressing the nuclear magnetization” included in the selected slice can be arbitrarily changed.
- an RF pulse (180 ° pulse) RF2 having a flip angle of 180 ° is applied together with the application of the slice selection GC pulse Gs22 in the X-axis direction, and the 90 ° pulse RF1 Of the nuclear magnetization in the excited first slice 441, only the nuclear magnetization included in the second slice 442 is reversed by 180 °.
- the transmission frequency f2 of the 180 ° pulse RF2 is determined so that the second slice 442 selected in combination with the slice selection GC pulse Gs22 includes the measurement target region 450.
- an RF pulse (180 ° pulse) RF3 having a flip angle of 180 ° is applied together with the application of the slice selection GC pulse Gs33 in the Y-axis direction, and is inverted by the 180 ° pulse RF2.
- the nuclear magnetization in the intersecting region between the first slice 441 and the second slice 442 only the nuclear magnetization in the measurement target region 450 also included in the third slice 443 is reversed 180 ° again.
- the transmission frequency f3 of the 180 ° pulse RF3 is determined so that the third slice 443 selected in combination with the slice selection GC pulse Gs33 includes the measurement target region 450.
- Sig. 1 occurs from within the measurement target region 450.
- the generated nuclear magnetic resonance signal Sig. 1 has a signal change in the time axis direction and includes information on the above-described chemical shift.
- This nuclear magnetic resonance signal Sig. 1 is detected by the receiving coil 106 at a predetermined sampling interval, and a time-axis direction Fourier transform is performed by the computer 109 to obtain a magnetic resonance spectrum.
- the GC pulse Gr11 applied immediately after the application of the slice selection GC pulse Gs11 is a GC pulse (rephase GC pulse) for rephasing (phase return) with respect to the slice selection GC pulse Gs11.
- the GC pulse Gd21 and the GC pulse Gd21 ′, the GC pulse Gd22 and the GC pulse Gd22 ′, and the GC pulse Gd23 and the GC pulse Gd23 ′ applied before and after the application of the 180 ° pulse RF2 are excited by the application of the 90 ° pulse RF1.
- This is a GC pulse (dephase GC pulse) for dephasing the phase of only the nuclear magnetization excited by the application of the 180 ° pulse RF2 and reducing the pseudo signal.
- the GC pulse Gd31 and the GC pulse Gd31 ′, the GC pulse Gd32 and the GC pulse Gd32 ′, and the GC pulse Gd33 and the GC pulse Gd33 ′ applied before and after the application of the 180 ° pulse RF3 are excited by the application of the 90 ° pulse RF1.
- the pulse sequence 300 is repeated at a repetition time TR interval, and the nuclear magnetic resonance signal Sig.
- the detection of 1 is repeated N times (usually several tens to several hundreds).
- This repetition time TR is determined according to the time required for the excited nuclear magnetization to return to the thermal equilibrium state before excitation, and depends on the type of metabolite to be excited and the irradiation RF intensity (flip angle) for excitation. Change.
- the repetition time TR is usually set to about 1 to 2 seconds.
- the MRI apparatus 100 creates a database that stores information indicating the characteristics of magnetic resonance spectra for each disease without human intervention, and performs diagnosis support using the database.
- the function of the computer 109 of this embodiment that realizes this database creation and diagnosis support will be described.
- FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the computer 109 of this embodiment.
- the computer 109 of this embodiment includes a spectrum generation unit 210, a spectrum analysis unit 220, a database (DB) creation unit 230, and a disease candidate extraction unit 240. These functions are realized by the CPU of the computer 109 loading a program stored in advance in the storage device into the memory and executing it.
- the spectrum generator 210 generates a magnetic resonance spectrum from the nuclear magnetic resonance signal received by the computer 109.
- a magnetic resonance spectrum is obtained by subjecting the nuclear magnetic resonance signal Sig, 1 obtained by executing the pulse sequence 300 to Fourier transform in the time direction.
- the spectrum analysis unit 220 analyzes the magnetic resonance spectrum obtained in the spectrum generation unit 210, and calculates a predetermined characteristic value and a predetermined reliability index for each predetermined characteristic item as analysis data.
- the calculation of the analysis data is performed using, for example, the above-described LCM method.
- the characteristic term is, for example, each metabolite (predetermined metabolite type) included in the magnetic resonance spectrum, each signal peak of the magnetic resonance spectrum, or the like.
- the characteristic value is at least one of a density value and a signal intensity value.
- the reliability index is the standard deviation rate% SD when the feature term is a metabolite, and the signal-to-noise ratio SNR when the feature term is a signal peak.
- the standard deviation rate% SD is a percentage value of the standard deviation of the sample value of the characteristic value for each metabolite calculated as a probability density function.
- the standard deviation rate% SD indicates that the smaller the value calculated as the standard deviation rate% SD, the more likely the characteristic value of the metabolite is.
- the magnitude of the characteristic value and the magnitude of the standard deviation rate% SD are in an inversely proportional relationship.
- the signal-to-noise ratio SNR is calculated using the peak area and the standard deviation of the noise area.
- the DB creation unit 230 creates a spectrum DB 500 for each disease.
- the spectrum for each disease DB 500 is a database that stores information (registered values) indicating the characteristics of the magnetic resonance spectrum for each disease as a record for each disease.
- the created disease spectrum DB 500 is stored in a storage device included in the computer 109.
- the registered value of each record in the disease spectrum DB is calculated using analysis data (determined analysis data) of one or more magnetic resonance spectra that have been confirmed and diagnosed as having a predetermined disease. At this time, the calculation is performed using only the characteristic value and reliability index of the definite analysis data in which the reliability index satisfies a predetermined condition in the definite analysis data.
- the timing for creating a record for each disease may be after a predetermined number or more of definite spectra have been collected. Details of the creation will be described later.
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 uses the acquired magnetic resonance spectrum analysis data (measurement analysis data) to determine a disease candidate estimated from the magnetic resonance spectrum and presents it to the user.
- the spectrum DB for each disease is used for the determination.
- As a disease candidate a disease specified by a record having a high degree of similarity with measurement analysis data is selected.
- the degree of similarity is determined by the degree of similarity with the registered value for each feature item of each record in the disease spectrum DB. Details of the determination method will be described later.
- presentation to a user is performed by displaying the disease name of each disease candidate on the display device 110, for example.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a processing flow of the disease-specific spectrum DB creation processing of the present embodiment.
- a process for creating a record of one disease will be described.
- the disease-specific spectrum DB creation processing of the present embodiment is started by an instruction from the user after a predetermined number of magnetic resonance spectra (determined spectra) that have been diagnosed for a disease to be created are collected. .
- the spectrum analysis unit 220 Prior to the disease-specific spectrum DB creation processing by the DB creation unit 230, the spectrum analysis unit 220 performs a definite spectrum analysis process. In the following process flow, the analysis process by the spectrum analysis unit 220 will be described.
- the number of confirmed spectra collected is L (L is an integer of 1 or more).
- a metabolite is used for the feature term, a concentration value is used for the characteristic value, and a standard deviation rate% SD is used for the reliability index.
- the number of metabolites for calculating the concentration value is N (N is an integer of 1 or more).
- the spectrum analysis unit 220 performs a spectrum analysis process for each of the L definite spectra (step S1001).
- the concentration value of each metabolite and the standard deviation rate% SD are calculated as definite analysis data for each of L definite spectra.
- L ⁇ N pieces of definite analysis data are calculated.
- the standard deviation rate of each metabolite is represented as% SD (Mi).
- the DB creation unit 230 starts acceptance / rejection determination processing for each deterministic spectrum (step S1002).
- the acceptance / rejection determination process it is determined whether or not each of L ⁇ N pieces of definite analysis data is adopted for record creation of the spectrum DB for each disease.
- the DB creation unit 230 starts acceptability determination for each metabolite Mi (step S1003).
- the reliability is determined for each metabolite Mi with respect to the definite analysis data group obtained from the kth definite spectrum, and the adoption is determined.
- the DB creation unit 230 compares the standard deviation rate% SD (Mi) in the definitive analysis data of each metabolite Mi calculated in step S1001 with a predetermined threshold B1 (step S1004). . For example, 20 is used as the threshold value B1. If the standard deviation rate% SD (Mi) is equal to or less than the threshold value B1 (% SD ⁇ B1), it is determined that the definitive analysis data of the metabolite Mi is adopted, and is registered as adopted data in the storage device (step S1005). . Registration is performed in association with the definite spectrum and the metabolite Mi. On the other hand, in other cases, the data is not registered.
- Steps S1004 and S1005 are repeated for all metabolites Mi. That is, the counter i is repeated while incrementing by 1 until the counter i becomes N (steps S1006 and S1007).
- the DB creation unit 230 repeats the determination process for each metabolite Mi (the process from step S1003 to step S1007) for all the deterministic spectra. That is, the counter k is repeated while incrementing by 1 until the counter k becomes L (steps S1008 and S1009).
- the DB creation unit 230 calculates the registration value of the record using each confirmed analysis data registered as the adoption data, and stores it in the spectrum DB for each disease (step S1010).
- the registered value of the record is calculated for each metabolite Mi.
- the recruitment data of the same metabolite Mi is extracted from the recruitment data, the statistical values of the concentration value and the standard deviation rate% SD are calculated for each metabolite Mi, and each is stored as a registered value.
- the statistical value is, for example, an average value and a variance value.
- the statistical value to be registered is not limited to one type.
- the spectrum analysis unit 220 and the DB creation unit 230 of the present embodiment perform the above steps S1001 to S1010 for the deterministic spectrum of each disease, generate a record for each disease, and construct a spectrum DB for each disease.
- step S1010 the DB creation unit 230 uses not only the registered value for each metabolite Mi but also all the adopted data to “average spectrum waveform (average spectrum waveform) and its standard deviation waveform”. May be calculated and registered as DB information.
- the DB creation unit 230 When calculating the average spectrum waveform and the standard deviation waveform, the DB creation unit 230 first uses the all adopted spectrum data (each signal intensity value) to generate “signal intensity average value” and “signal intensity” at each point on the horizontal axis. “Standard deviation value of intensity” is calculated.
- the waveform connecting the points indicating the "average value” on all the calculated horizontal axis points corresponds to the average spectrum waveform, and each of the values indicating the "sum of the average value and the standard deviation value” on all the horizontal axis points
- the waveform connecting points corresponds to the upper limit of the standard deviation waveform
- the waveform connecting each point indicating the difference between the average value and the standard deviation value on all the horizontal axis points corresponds to the lower limit of the standard deviation waveform.
- all collected deterministic spectra are analyzed in advance and all analysis data is calculated, and then it is determined whether or not the analysis data is accepted.
- the present invention is not limited to this procedure.
- analysis data for each feature term can be calculated independently from each deterministic spectrum, it may be configured to determine whether or not the analysis data is accepted each time the analysis data for each feature term is calculated.
- FIG. 7 (a) shows an example of a head disease-specific spectrum DB 500 created by the DB creation unit 230 according to the above procedure.
- the record 510 of the abscess, glioblastoma record 510, metastatic cancer record 510, and meningioma record 510 are illustrated.
- the standard deviation rate% SD is representatively shown.
- each record 510 of the disease spectrum DB 500 of this embodiment includes a disease name 520 that is information for specifying a disease, a feature item (here, a metabolite) 530, and each feature item.
- a registered value 540 obtained from a reliability index of 530 (here, standard deviation rate% SD).
- the characteristic value may be further stored as each registered value 540.
- the standard deviation rate% SD (Mi) of one metabolite Mi obtained from the prepared L definite spectra does not reach all the above criteria (greater than B1).
- the adoption data of the metabolite Mi is zero.
- the registration value of the reliability index (standard deviation rate% SD in the above example) is calculated using the value of the definitive analysis data that has not been adopted, and is registered. Also good.
- the definite spectrum itself may be acceptable or not. For example, for each disease, a metabolite that should be determined for adoption is designated. And when adoption determination is obtained about all the metabolites with which adoption determination should be obtained, the definite spectrum used as the origin of the said definite analysis data is set as a pass. In this case, the registered value of the disease spectrum DB may be calculated only with the reliability index and the characteristic value obtained from the accepted confirmed spectrum.
- the record 510 of the disease spectrum DB 500 that has already been constructed may be updated using a new deterministic spectrum of the disease.
- the spectrum analysis unit 220 calculates a characteristic value and a reliability index for each feature term of the additional definite spectrum. Then, the acceptance / rejection is determined by the method of step S1004 using the reliability index for each feature term. Then, the registered value (characteristic value and reliability index) 540 of the record 510 of the feature term determined to be adopted is updated using the adoption data (characteristic value and reliability index).
- FIG. 8 is a process flow of the disease candidate extraction process of the present embodiment.
- the disease candidate extraction process according to the present embodiment starts when, for example, imaging is performed with the PRESS sequence and the magnetic resonance spectrum data of the patient is obtained.
- the acquired magnetic resonance spectrum data to be analyzed is referred to as a measurement spectrum.
- the spectrum analysis unit 220 Prior to the disease candidate extraction processing by the disease candidate extraction unit 240, the spectrum analysis unit 220 performs measurement spectrum analysis processing. In the following process flow, the analysis process by the spectrum analysis unit 220 will be described.
- the concentration value is used as the characteristic value
- the standard deviation rate% SD is used as the reliability index
- the number of metabolites to be analyzed is N.
- the standard deviation rate% SD for each metabolite in the measurement spectrum is expressed as% SDs (Mi).
- the spectrum analysis unit 220 performs spectrum analysis processing of the measured spectrum (step S1101).
- the concentration value of each metabolite and the standard deviation rate% SDs (Mi) are calculated as measurement analysis data.
- N pieces of measurement analysis data are calculated.
- An example of the measurement analysis data 550 obtained here is shown in FIG.
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 starts acceptability determination processing for each metabolite Mi (step S1102).
- acceptability determination processing is performed to determine whether or not the measurement analysis data of the metabolite Mi should be adopted for similarity determination.
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 compares the standard deviation rate% SDs (Mi) of each metabolite Mi calculated in step S1101 with a predetermined threshold B2 (step S1103).
- the threshold value B2 may be the same value as the threshold value B1 used in the DB creation process. For example, 20 is used. If the standard deviation rate% SDs (Mi) is equal to or less than the threshold value B2 (% SDs ⁇ B2), the measurement analysis data of the metabolite Mi is determined to be adopted for similarity determination, and is registered in the storage device as adopted data. (Step S1104). Registration is performed in association with the metabolite Mi. On the other hand, in other cases, the data is not registered.
- Steps S1103 and S1104 are repeated for all metabolites Mi. That is, the counter i is repeated while incrementing by 1 until the counter i becomes N (steps S1105 and S1106).
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 performs similarity determination processing for determining similarity with the registered value of the record 510 for each disease registered in the disease spectrum DB 500 using each data registered as the adoption data. (Step S1107).
- a similarity index that has a smaller value as the degree of similarity is higher is calculated. To do.
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 determines a disease candidate using the similarity index that is the result of the similarity determination process (step S1108).
- a predetermined number of records 510 are extracted from those having high similarity, and a disease specified by the record 510 is set as a disease candidate.
- the disease candidate extraction part 240 displays the information which specifies a disease candidate on the display apparatus 110 (step S1109), and complete
- FIG. 9 is a processing flow of similarity determination processing according to this embodiment.
- M is an integer of 1 or more
- reliability indices here, standard deviation rate% SD (Mi)
- % SDj the standard deviation rate of the metabolite Mi of the jth record (disease j) (j is an integer of 1 to M) 510 is defined as% SDj (Mi).
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 calculates an index (similarity index) indicating similarity with the measurement analysis data for all the M types of disease records 510 registered in the disease spectrum DB 500.
- the difference sum DF (j) which is a positive value of the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences between the registered value for each metabolite Mi and the adopted data obtained in step S1104, is used as the similarity index.
- the standard deviation rate% SD is used as the registration value for taking the difference and the adopted data.
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 starts a process for determining each disease (step S1201).
- the disease candidate extraction part 240 starts acceptance determination of each metabolite Mi (step S1201).
- a difference calculation is performed (step S1204). Specifically, for the metabolite Mi of the j-th record 510 (disease j), the difference D between the registered value (% SDj (Mi)) and the value registered as adopted data (% SDs (Mi)) Calculate (j, i).
- the following formula (1) is used as the reliability index and the calculation formula.
- D (j, i)
- the result is squared, added to the square of the difference sum DF (j), and the square of the difference sum DF (j) is updated (step S1205). Specifically, the calculation is performed according to the following equation (2).
- DF (j) 2 DF (j) 2 + D (j, i) 2 (2)
- step S1203 If it is determined in step S1203 that it is not registered, the difference calculation in step S1205 and the difference sum update in step S1206 are not performed.
- Steps S1203 to S1205 are repeated for all metabolites Mi. That is, the counter i is repeated while incrementing by 1 until the counter i becomes N (steps S1206 and S1207).
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 calculates the positive value of the square root of the squared DF (j) of the obtained difference sum, and stores it in the storage device as a similarity index in association with the disease j in the disease-specific spectrum DB. (Step S1208).
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 performs the processing from step S1202 to step S1208 for all of the M types of disease records 510 registered in the disease-specific spectrum DB 500, and sets the similarity index for each record 510 (disease). Calculate and register in the storage device (steps S1209 and S1210), and the process is terminated.
- the similarity index obtained in the similarity determination process in step S1107 may be displayed together with the display in step S1109. Furthermore, when an average spectrum waveform and a standard deviation waveform are registered in the disease-specific spectrum DB, these may be displayed together.
- step S1109 it is configured to display in descending order of similarity, but it may be configured to list disease candidates extracted in random order.
- the similarity is determined only by the similarity index calculated from the reliability index, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a similarity index may be similarly calculated from the characteristic values of each metabolite and used for similarity determination.
- the similarity may be determined in consideration of the comparison result of the characteristic value ratio (concentration ratio or signal intensity value ratio, etc.) between the metabolites.
- the similarity determination processing is not performed for all the diseases (all records 510) registered in the spectrum database for each disease, You may comprise so that it may carry out only with respect to a certain disease (record 510).
- a metabolite is used as a feature term and a standard deviation rate% SD is used as a reliability index. It is not limited to this.
- a signal peak may be used as the feature term, and a signal noise ratio SNR may be used as the reliability index.
- the signal-to-noise ratio SNR is calculated for each signal peak.
- the processing from step S1003 to step S1007 is repeated, and in the disease candidate extraction processing, the processing from step S1102 to step S1106 is repeated for the number of signal peaks.
- the characteristic value may be at least one of the density value and the signal intensity value.
- the magnetic resonance spectrum measured by the PRESS method sequence is used as the deterministic spectrum or the measurement spectrum for creating each record 510 of the disease spectrum DB 500 has been described as an example.
- the acquisition sequence is not limited to this.
- a sequence such as a 3D-CSI method in which a magnetic resonance spectrum is measured by a multi-voxel, an EPSI method in which a high-speed multi-voxel measurement is possible may be used.
- the computer 109 of the MRI apparatus 100 includes the spectrum generation unit 210, the spectrum analysis unit 220, the DB creation unit 230, and the disease candidate extraction unit 240, and generates a magnetic resonance spectrum, analyzes the magnetic resonance spectrum, Although each record 510 registered in the disease spectrum DB 500 is created and disease candidates are extracted, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the external apparatus independent of the MRI apparatus 100 includes a spectrum generation unit 210, a spectrum analysis unit 220, a DB creation unit 230, and a disease candidate extraction unit 240. It is also possible to provide at least one of the above and perform processing by the apparatus.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a system 600 when these processes are performed by an apparatus outside the MRI apparatus 100.
- the system 600 includes a server 610 including a spectrum analysis unit 220, a DB creation unit 230, and a disease candidate extraction unit 240, and a plurality of clients 620 connected to the MRI apparatus 100.
- the spectrum generation unit 210 is included in each client 620.
- the server 610 and each client 620 are each provided with a communication interface that transmits and receives data to and from an external device, and are connected to each other via a communication line 630.
- the server 610 includes a storage device 640 that stores the created spectrum DB for each disease.
- the storage device 640 that stores the spectrum DB for each disease includes a communication interface, and may be connected to the communication line 630 independently of the server 610 and the client 620.
- the server 610 and the client 620 can access the storage device 640 via the communication line 630.
- the client 620 may include at least one function of the spectrum analysis unit 220, the DB creation unit 230, and the disease candidate extraction unit 240.
- the server 610 may include the spectrum generation unit 210.
- FIG. 10 is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this configuration.
- a plurality of servers 610 may exist, three or more clients 620, and four or more MRI apparatuses 100 may exist.
- information may be transmitted using the communication line 630 .
- information may be transmitted using a recording medium such as a magnetic disk or an optical disk.
- the MRI apparatus and system are assumed to have a function of generating a disease-specific spectrum DB, but when a consensus is formed by doctors in this specialized field and the disease-specific spectrum DB is standardized,
- the function of generating the disease spectrum DB itself is not necessary. That is, in a computer usage form based on a network such as cloud computing (especially the Internet), a standardized spectrum database for each disease is placed on the cloud side, so that a spectrum database for each disease according to requests from the client side. It is also possible to take a form in which diagnosis support information (disease candidate list) is returned for the measured spectrum data uploaded from the client side.
- Table 1 shows an example of a disease spectrum DB created from a deterministic spectrum acquired from a patient having a disease in the human head as the subject 101.
- the MRI apparatus used is the MRI apparatus 100 (static magnetic field strength of 1.5 Tesla) shown in FIG.
- the diseases targeted for the creation of the spectrum DB for each disease were four types: abscess, glioblastoma, metastatic cancer, and meningioma.
- the number of deterministic spectra obtained for each disease is a sufficient number necessary to create a record of the disease spectrum DB.
- the creation procedure is shown in FIG. Note that only the reliability index value (in this case, the standard deviation rate% SD of each metabolite) is extracted and shown as the registered value of each record in the disease spectrum DB.
- step S1102 and subsequent steps of the disease candidate extraction process of the present embodiment were executed. At this time, 20 was used as the reference value B2 of the standard deviation rate% SD used.
- the measurement analysis data shows that the disease is most similar to the record of glioblastoma. Therefore, glioblastoma is an example of a disease candidate in this measurement spectrum.
- the MRI apparatus 100 includes the computer 109 that performs arithmetic processing on the acquired nuclear magnetic resonance signal and the display device 110 that displays the calculation result in the calculation unit.
- the computer 109 analyzes a magnetic resonance spectrum and a spectrum generation unit 210 that generates a magnetic resonance spectrum from the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, and analyzes a predetermined reliability index for each predetermined feature item.
- a spectrum analysis unit 220 that is calculated as data, and a record 510 that is created from the definite analysis data that is the analysis data of one or more magnetic resonance spectra that have been definitively diagnosed as a predetermined disease is registered for each disease.
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 uses the spectrum DB 500 to extract disease candidates whose disease is estimated from an unknown magnetic resonance spectrum and
- the disease candidate extraction unit 240 has a reliability indicated by the reliability index in measurement analysis data, which is analysis data of a magnetic resonance spectrum whose disease is unknown.
- measurement analysis data as described above, the degree of similarity with the record 510 registered in the spectrum DB for each disease is determined, and the disease with the record 510 having a similarity higher than a predetermined value is set as the disease candidate.
- the computer 109 further includes a DB creation unit 230 that generates each record 510 of the spectrum DB for each disease 500, and the DB creation unit 230 has the definite analysis data whose reliability indicated by the reliability index is not less than a predetermined value.
- the record 510 may be created using the.
- the record 510 may include a registered value for each feature item, and the registered value may be a statistical value of the reliability index of the adopted data. The similarity may be determined to be higher as the difference sum between the reliability index of the measurement analysis data for each feature item and the registered value of the record 510 is smaller.
- the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (MRI apparatus) 100 that generates a magnetic resonance spectrum from the acquired nuclear magnetic resonance signal, and the magnetic resonance spectrum obtained by the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (MRI apparatus) 100 are analyzed.
- the server 610 includes a server 610, and the server 610 has a record created using definitive analysis data obtained from one or more magnetic resonance spectra definitively diagnosed as having a predetermined disease.
- a disease candidate extraction unit 230 that extracts a disease candidate estimated from a magnetic resonance spectrum whose disease is unknown using a disease spectrum database 500 registered for each disease, and presents the disease candidate to the user.
- the disease candidate extraction unit 230 uses measurement analysis data in which the reliability indicated by the reliability index is equal to or higher than a predetermined value in measurement analysis data that is analysis data of a magnetic resonance spectrum whose disease is unknown.
- the diagnosis support system 600 may be configured to determine a similarity with a record registered in the spectrum database for each disease, and to select a disease with a record having a similarity higher than a predetermined value as the disease candidate. .
- a disease-specific spectrum database in which a record created using deterministic analysis data obtained from one or more magnetic resonance spectra definitively diagnosed as having a predetermined disease is registered for each disease.
- 500 is a program for extracting a disease candidate whose disease is estimated from an unknown magnetic resonance spectrum and causing it to function as a disease candidate extraction means (disease candidate extraction unit) 230 that is presented to the user.
- the disease candidate extraction means (disease candidate extraction unit) 230 includes: Further, the analysis data is an analysis result of an unknown magnetic resonance spectrum, and the reliability indicated by the reliability index is not less than a predetermined level. Realized by a program characterized in that the measurement analysis data is used to determine the similarity to a record registered in the spectrum database for each disease, and a disease having a record with a similarity greater than or equal to a predetermined value is set as the disease candidate. May be.
- the reliability of the magnetic resonance spectrum acquired by MRS imaging is automatically verified.
- the similarity with the data registered in the spectrum database for each disease is compared using only the data whose reliability is determined to be more than a predetermined value in the analysis data of the measured spectrum.
- the reliability index is used as the criterion for determining similarity, there is an increased possibility that more accurate diagnosis support information can be provided.
- DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 MRI apparatus, 101: Subject, 102: Static magnetic field coil, 103: Gradient magnetic field coil, 104: Shim coil, 105: Transmission coil, 106: Reception coil, 107: Transmitter, 108: Receiver, 109: Calculator, 110: Display device, 111: External storage device, 112: Power supply unit for gradient magnetic field, 113: Power supply unit for shim, 114: Sequence control device, 115: Input device, 120: MRI device, 130: MRI device, 210: Spectrum Generation unit, 220: Spectrum analysis unit, 230: DB creation unit, 240: Disease candidate extraction unit, 300: Pulse sequence, 410: Transposition image for positioning, 420: Sagittal image for position reference, 430: Coronal image for position reference, 441: first slice, 442: second slice, 443: third slice, 450: measurement target region, 00: spectrum database for each disease, 510: record, 520: disease name, 530: feature,
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Abstract
Description
D(j,i)=|%SDj(Mi)-%SDs(Mi)|・・・(1)
そして、その結果を2乗し、差分和DF(j)の2乗に加算し、差分和DF(j)の2乗を更新する(ステップS1205)。具体的には、以下の式(2)に従って計算する。
DF(j)2=DF(j)2+D(j,i)2・・・(2)
以下、本発明の実施例を示す。
・疾患が膿瘍のレコードとの差分和(DF(膿瘍))
DF(膿瘍)=√((19-11)2+(19-10)2+(15-5)2+(15-20)2+(12-8)2)=16.9
・疾患が膠芽腫のレコードとの差分和(DF(膠芽腫))
DF(膠芽腫)=√((13-11)2+(12-10)2+(7-5)2+(18-20)2+(10-8)2)=4.5
・疾患が転移癌のレコードとの差分和(DF(転移癌))
DF(転移癌)=√((17-11)2+(19-10)2+(6-5)2+(16-20)2+(9-8)2)=11.6
・疾患が髄膜腫のレコードとの差分和(DF(髄膜腫))
DF(髄膜腫)=√((78-11)2+(92-10)2+(9-5)2+(356-20)2+(415-8)2)=538.3
1)膠芽腫(4.5)
2)転移癌(11.6)
3)膿瘍(16.9)
4)髄膜腫(538.3)
このとき、前記レコード510は、前記特徴項毎に登録値を備え、前記登録値は、前記採用データの前記信頼性指標の統計値としてもよい。
前記類似度は、前記特徴項毎の前記計測解析データの前記信頼性指標と前記レコード510の前記登録値との差分和が小さいものほど高いと判定されるよう構成してもよい。
Claims (9)
- 取得した核磁気共鳴信号に対し演算処理を行う計算部と、前記計算部における演算結果を表示する表示装置と、を備える磁気共鳴撮像装置であって、
前記計算部は、
前記核磁気共鳴信号から磁気共鳴スペクトルを生成するスペクトル生成部と、
前記磁気共鳴スペクトルを解析し、予め定めた特徴項毎の予め定めた信頼性指標を解析データとして算出するスペクトル解析部と、
所定の疾患であると確定診断された1以上の磁気共鳴スペクトルの前記解析データである確定解析データから作成されたレコードが疾患毎に登録される疾患毎スペクトルデータベースを用い、疾患が未知の磁気共鳴スペクトルから推定される疾患候補を抽出し、ユーザに提示する疾患候補抽出部と、を備え、
前記疾患候補抽出部は、前記疾患が未知の磁気共鳴スペクトルの解析データである計測解析データの中の、前記信頼性指標が示す信頼度が所定以上である計測解析データを用い、前記疾患毎スペクトルデータベースに登録されるレコードとの類似度を判定し、類似度が所定以上のレコードの疾患を、前記疾患候補とすること
を特徴とする磁気共鳴撮像装置。 - 請求項1記載の磁気共鳴撮像装置であって、
前記計算部は、さらに、前記疾患毎スペクトルデータベースの各レコードを生成するデータベース作成部を備え、
前記データベース作成部は、前記確定解析データの中の、前記信頼性指標が示す信頼度が所定以上である採用データを用いて前記レコードを作成すること
を特徴とする磁気共鳴撮像装置。 - 請求項2記載の磁気共鳴撮像装置であって、
前記レコードは、前記特徴項毎に登録値を備え、
前記登録値は、前記採用データの前記信頼性指標の統計値であること
を特徴とする磁気共鳴撮像装置。 - 請求項3記載の磁気共鳴撮像装置であって、
前記類似度は、前記特徴項毎に求める前記計測解析データの前記信頼性指標と前記レコードの前記登録値との差分の2乗の合計が小さいものほど高いと判定されること
を特徴とする磁気共鳴撮像装置。 - 請求項1記載の磁気共鳴撮像装置であって、
前記スペクトル解析部は、前記特徴項毎の濃度値および信号強度値の少なくとも一方を前記解析データとしてさらに算出し、
前記特徴項は、代謝物質および信号ピークのいずれか一方であり、
前記信頼性指標は、前記特徴項が代謝物質である場合、前記濃度値の標準偏差率であり、前記特徴項が信号ピークである場合、前記信号強度値から算出される信号雑音比であること
を特徴とする磁気共鳴撮像装置。 - 取得した核磁気共鳴信号から磁気共鳴スペクトルを生成する磁気共鳴撮像装置と、前記磁気共鳴撮像装置において得られた磁気共鳴スペクトルを解析するサーバと、を備える診断支援システムであって、
前記サーバは、
所定の疾患であると確定診断された1以上の磁気共鳴スペクトルから得た確定解析データを用いて作成されたレコードが疾患毎に登録される疾患毎スペクトルデータベースを用い、疾患が未知の磁気共鳴スペクトルから推定される疾患候補を抽出し、ユーザに提示する疾患候補抽出部、を備え、
前記確定解析データは、前記確定診断された1以上の磁気共鳴スペクトルを解析して得た、予め定めた特徴項毎の予め定めた信頼性指標を備え、
前記疾患候補抽出部は、前記疾患が未知の磁気共鳴スペクトルの解析データである計測解析データの中の、前記信頼性指標が示す信頼度が所定以上である計測解析データを用い、前記疾患毎スペクトルデータベースに登録されるレコードとの類似度を判定し、類似度が所定以上のレコードの疾患を、前記疾患候補とすること
を特徴とする診断支援システム。 - 請求項6記載の診断支援システムであって、
前記サーバは、さらに、前記疾患毎スペクトルデータベースの各レコードを生成するデータベース作成部を備え、
前記データベース作成部は、前記信頼性指標が示す信頼度が所定以上である前記確定解析データを用いて前記レコードを作成すること
を特徴とする診断支援システム。 - コンピュータを、
所定の疾患であると確定診断された1以上の磁気共鳴スペクトルから得た確定解析データを用いて作成されたレコードが疾患毎に登録される疾患毎スペクトルデータベースを用い、疾患が未知の磁気共鳴スペクトルから推定される疾患候補を抽出し、ユーザに提示する疾患候補抽出手段として機能させるためのプログラムであって、
前記確定解析データは、前記確定診断された1以上の磁気共鳴スペクトルをそれぞれ解析して得た予め定めた特徴項毎の予め定めた信頼性指標を備え、
前記疾患候補抽出手段は、さらに、前記疾患が未知の磁気共鳴スペクトルの解析結果である計測解析データの中の、前記信頼性指標が示す信頼度が所定以上である計測解析データを用い、前記疾患毎スペクトルデータベースに登録されるレコードとの類似度を判定し、類似度が所定以上のレコードの疾患を、前記疾患候補とすること
を特徴とするプログラム。 - 請求項8記載のプログラムであって、前記コンピュータを、さらに、
前記疾患毎スペクトルデータベースの各レコードを、前記信頼性指標が示す信頼度が所定以上である前記確定解析データを用いて生成するデータベース作成手段として機能させるためのプログラム。
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