WO2014006678A1 - Manual transmission for vehicle - Google Patents

Manual transmission for vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014006678A1
WO2014006678A1 PCT/JP2012/066909 JP2012066909W WO2014006678A1 WO 2014006678 A1 WO2014006678 A1 WO 2014006678A1 JP 2012066909 W JP2012066909 W JP 2012066909W WO 2014006678 A1 WO2014006678 A1 WO 2014006678A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
gear
counter shaft
input shaft
counter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/066909
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
勇樹 枡井
Original Assignee
アイシン・エーアイ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by アイシン・エーアイ株式会社 filed Critical アイシン・エーアイ株式会社
Priority to CN201280002409.6A priority Critical patent/CN103814236A/en
Priority to JP2012544771A priority patent/JPWO2014006678A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2012/066909 priority patent/WO2014006678A1/en
Publication of WO2014006678A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014006678A1/en

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • F16H3/0915Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft with coaxial input and output shafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0047Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising five forward speeds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vehicle manual transmission.
  • M / T vehicle manual transmissions having a plurality of shift stages for forward movement
  • an M / T having the structure shown in FIG. 6 is assumed.
  • This M / T is an I / P shaft connected to the clutch, an O / P shaft connected to the drive wheel side and arranged coaxially with the I / P shaft, and a position eccentric from the I / P shaft.
  • a counter shaft disposed in parallel with the I / P shaft.
  • the counter shaft is provided with a final drive gear so as not to be relatively rotatable
  • the O / P shaft is provided with a final driven gear so as not to be relatively rotatable.
  • the final drive gear and the final driven gear are always meshed.
  • the O / P shaft rotates at a lower rotational speed than the counter shaft.
  • the ratio of the rotational speed of the I / P shaft to the rotational speed of the O / P shaft is referred to as a “reduction ratio”.
  • a gear stage from “1st speed” (low speed side, large reduction ratio) to “5th speed” (high speed side, small reduction ratio) is provided, and “4th speed” reduction ratio is provided.
  • the reduction ratio of the gear stage other than “4th speed” is set to other than “1”.
  • Gear speeds other than “fourth speed” are realized by driving the corresponding sleeves and fixing the idle gears of the corresponding gear stages to the shaft where the idle gears are arranged so as not to rotate relative to each other.
  • the power transmission system at this time is composed of “I / P shaft ⁇ gear pair of corresponding gears ⁇ counter shaft ⁇ final drive gear ⁇ final driven gear ⁇ O / P shaft”.
  • the “fourth speed” gear stage (also referred to as “direct gear shift gear”) drives the corresponding sleeve so that the direct coupling piece provided on the O / P shaft so as not to rotate relative to the I / P shaft. This is realized by fixing the relative rotation to be impossible.
  • the power transmission system at this time is constituted by “I / P shaft ⁇ direct connection piece ⁇ O / P shaft”.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 6 is also referred to as “output (O / P) reduction structure”.
  • the I / P shaft is realized when the highest speed gear stage (a gear stage having a speed reduction ratio smaller than the direct-coupled gear stage, which is the fifth speed in the configuration of FIG. 6) is realized. Is designed to rotate at a lower rotational speed than the countershaft.
  • the idle gear of the gear pair is preferably provided on a shaft having a low rotational speed. Therefore, in general, in the “output (O / P) reduction structure”, as shown in FIG. 6, the idle gear at the highest gear (the fifth speed in the configuration of FIG. 6) is the I / P shaft. Is provided.
  • the gear pair of the gear stage is designed so that the counter shaft rotates at a lower rotational speed than the I / P shaft. The Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the idle gear at the lowest speed stage (first speed in the configuration of FIG. 6) is provided on the countershaft.
  • the counter shaft has a stepped cylindrical shape within the axial range including the “part where the idle gear and the hub are provided” in the counter shaft. This is because the idle gear is fixed to the counter shaft via the needle bearing, the hub is press-fitted and fixed to the counter shaft, and the like. As a result, it was very difficult to process the countershaft. The arrival of M / T that allows easy processing of the countershaft has been desired.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an M / T having an “O / P reduction structure” that can easily process a countershaft.
  • the feature of the M / T having the “O / P reduction structure” according to the present invention is that the switching mechanism among the plurality of idle gears is selectively non-rotatable relative to the direct connection piece and the input shaft. All the idle gears except the fixed idle gears are provided on the counter shaft, and the outer diameters of the portions where the plurality of idle gears on the counter shaft are inserted and arranged are the same. is there. This facilitates processing of the countershaft.
  • the plurality of idle gears provided on the counter shaft can be directly inserted and arranged on the counter shaft without a bearing member.
  • a plurality of hubs as a part of the switching mechanism are provided on the counter shaft so as not to rotate relative to each other.
  • An outer diameter of the counter shaft is continuously constant within an axial range including a portion where the plurality of idle gears and the plurality of hubs are arranged, and is axially provided on the outer periphery of the counter shaft. It is preferable that an outer spline is continuously provided, and the plurality of hubs provided on the counter shaft are provided on the counter shaft so as not to rotate relative to each other by spline fitting using the outer spline of the counter shaft.
  • the processing becomes very easy within a wide range in the axial direction including “a portion where a plurality of idle gears and a plurality of hubs” are arranged on the counter shaft.
  • FIG. 2 is a first enlarged view of a Y portion of FIG. 1 for explaining a procedure for assembling an O / P shaft subassembly to a housing HgA for the manual transmission shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a second enlarged view of the Y portion of FIG. 1 for explaining the procedure for assembling the O / P shaft subassembly to the housing HgA for the manual transmission shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a third enlarged view of the Y portion of FIG. 1 for explaining the procedure for assembling the O / P shaft subassembly to the housing HgA for the manual transmission shown in FIG. 1. It is the figure which showed a mode that lubricating oil was apply
  • the manual transmission M / T includes five shift speeds (1st to 5th gears) for forward movement and one shift speed (reverse) for backward movement, and in particular, an engine (output shaft of the engine). ) Is applied to an FR vehicle arranged vertically with respect to the vehicle.
  • description of the reverse gear is omitted.
  • the M / T includes an I / P shaft connected to a clutch, an O / P shaft arranged coaxially with the I / P shaft, and an I / P. And a counter shaft arranged in parallel with the I / P shaft at a position eccentric from the shaft.
  • the I / P shaft is connected to an output shaft (not shown) of the engine via a clutch.
  • the O / P shaft is connected to drive wheels (left and right rear wheels) via a connection mechanism (differential, etc.) not shown.
  • This M / T is disposed behind the engine via a clutch so that the axis of the M / T is oriented vertically with respect to the vehicle.
  • the fourth speed can also be referred to as a “directly connected gear stage”.
  • HgA contains an I / P shaft and a counter shaft
  • HgB contains an O / P shaft.
  • the I / P shaft includes a bearing BrC (press-fitted / fixed) provided in the clutch housing and a cylindrical end (large end) formed on the “end near the I / P shaft” of the O / P shaft.
  • the bearing BrG (press-fitted and fixed) provided inside the diameter portion) is rotatably supported in the HgA.
  • a bearing BrA is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the “cylindrical end portion of the O / P shaft” (press-fit / fixed), and this BrA is provided on the “end portion close to the O / P shaft” of HgA. It is press-fitted and fixed to a bearing surface (see FIG. 1) formed on the outer periphery of the opening.
  • BrG is substantially anchored to HgA (via BrA).
  • the countershaft is rotatably supported in HgA by a bearing BrD (press-fit / fixed) provided in the clutch housing and a bearing BrE (press-fit / fixed) provided in HgB.
  • a bearing BrD press-fit / fixed
  • a bearing BrE press-fit / fixed
  • the O / P shaft is rotatably supported in the HgB by the BrA press-fitted and fixed to the bearing surface of HgA and the bearing BrB provided (press-fitted and fixed) on the HgB.
  • the I / P shaft has a fixed gear G1i for the first speed, a fixed gear G2i for the second speed, a fixed gear G5i for the fifth speed, an idle gear G3i for the third speed, a third speed- Four-speed switching hubs H2 are coaxially provided.
  • G1i, G2i, and G5i are provided on the I / P shaft so as not to rotate relative to each other.
  • G1i, G2i, and G5i are integrally formed with the I / P shaft by using a manufacturing method such as forging.
  • G3i is provided to be rotatable relative to the I / P shaft via a bearing BrF press-fitted into the I / P shaft.
  • the hub H2 is press-fitted into the I / P shaft and is provided on the I / P shaft so as not to be relatively rotatable.
  • the countershaft In order from the side closer to the clutch, the countershaft includes a first-speed idler gear G1o, a first-second-speed switching hub H1, a second-speed idler gear G2o, a fifth-speed idler gear G5o, A 5-speed hub H3 and a 3-speed fixed gear G3o are coaxially provided.
  • G3o is integrally formed with the countershaft using a manufacturing method such as forging.
  • the outer diameter of the countershaft is continuously constant and the outer circumference of the countershaft is axially
  • An outer spline (spline groove) is provided continuously.
  • G1o, G2o, and G5o are directly inserted and arranged on the counter shaft so as to be relatively rotatable without a bearing member (bearing, bush, etc.).
  • Inner splines are formed in the insertion holes of H1 and H3.
  • H1 and H3 are provided on the countershaft so as not to rotate relative to each other by spline fitting with the outer spline of the countershaft.
  • Axial fixation of G1o, H1, G2o, G5o, and H3 with respect to the countershaft can be achieved by providing snap rings (not shown) or the like on both sides of each member in the axial direction.
  • G1o, G2o, G3o, and G5o are always in mesh with G1i, G2i, G3i, and G5i provided on the I / P shaft, respectively. Further, a final drive gear Gfi is provided at the “end near the O / P shaft” of the counter shaft. Similarly to G3o, Gfi is also integrally formed with the countershaft by using a manufacturing method such as forging.
  • the O / P shaft is coaxially provided with the cylindrical end portion (large-diameter portion) that opens to the outside (left side in FIG. 1) at the “end portion close to the I / P shaft”. It has been.
  • a direct connection piece P is coaxially provided at a position outside the BrA on the outer periphery of the cylindrical end portion (on the left side in FIG. 1).
  • an outer spline spline groove
  • An inner spline is formed in the P insertion hole.
  • the direct connection piece P is provided on the cylindrical end portion (accordingly, the O / P shaft) so as not to rotate relative thereto by spline fitting with the outer spline at the cylindrical end portion.
  • Axial fixation to the cylindrical end of P (and thus the O / P shaft) can be achieved by providing snap rings (not shown) or the like on both sides of P in the axial direction.
  • the outer diameter of P is larger than the outer diameter of BrA.
  • a final driven gear Gfo is provided in a portion between the BrA and BrB in the axial direction of the O / P shaft (a portion other than the cylindrical end portion).
  • Gfo is also integrally formed with the O / P shaft using a manufacturing method such as forging.
  • Gfo always meshes with Gfi provided on the countershaft.
  • the number of teeth (outer diameter) of Gfo is larger than the number of teeth (outer diameter) of Gfi.
  • the M / T gear position is switched with respect to the sleeve S1 that is axially moved relative to H1 on the outer periphery of the hub H1 and non-rotatably spline-fitted, and to the H2 on the outer periphery of the hub H2.
  • a sleeve S2 that is spline-fitted so as to be relatively movable in the axial direction and not rotatable relative to the sleeve S3, and a sleeve S3 that is spline-fitted so as to be relatively movable in the axial direction relative to H3 on the outer periphery of the hub H3 and not relatively rotatable. This is achieved by adjusting and driving the respective axial positions.
  • the axial positions of S1 to S3 are adjusted and driven through a plurality of link mechanisms (not shown) according to the operation of a shift lever (not shown) by the driver.
  • the sleeve S1 can be selectively spline-fitted with a piece that rotates integrally with the G1o and a piece that rotates together with the G2o according to the axial position thereof.
  • the sleeve S2 can be selectively spline-fitted with the piece that rotates integrally with the G3i and the directly connecting piece P according to the position in the axial direction.
  • the sleeve S3 can be spline-fitted with a piece that rotates integrally with the G5o according to its axial position.
  • GT1 is represented by ((number of teeth of G1o) / (number of teeth of G1i)) ⁇ GTf.
  • GTf is represented by ((number of teeth of Gfo) / (number of teeth of Gfi)).
  • final reduction ratio is established.
  • GT2 is represented by ((number of teeth of G2o) / (number of teeth of G2i)) ⁇ GTf.
  • the relationship GT1> GT2 is established.
  • GT3 is represented by ((number of teeth of G3o) / (number of teeth of G3i)) ⁇ GTf.
  • the relationship GT2> GT3 is established.
  • the M / T reduction ratio is set to the fifth reduction ratio GT5 ( ⁇ 1).
  • GT5 is represented by ((G5o number of teeth) / (G5i number of teeth)) ⁇ GTf.
  • the relationship GT4> GT5 is established.
  • the M / T structure is the “output (O / P) reduction structure” described above.
  • an “O / P shaft subassembly” into which the bearings BrA and BrB are press-fitted and fixed is inserted into the opening of the housing HgA from the cylindrical end side (with white arrows).
  • BrA is assembled to the bearing surface of the opening (press-fitted / fixed).
  • the direct connection piece P is also simultaneously inserted into the cylindrical end, and as a result, the direct connection piece P is spline-fitted with the outer spline of the cylindrical end.
  • the direct connection piece P is connected to the cylindrical end by spline fitting (so-called loose fitting) having a gap. It is connected so that it cannot rotate relative to the part.
  • the countershaft has an elongated cylindrical shape.
  • the internal space of the countershaft is used for circulating lubricating oil.
  • Lubricating oil is pumped into the internal space of the countershaft from one end side of the countershaft using one of known methods.
  • an oil hole Z penetrating in the radial direction is formed at a “position corresponding to the direct connection piece P in the axial direction” of the counter shaft.
  • a centrifugal force acts on the lubricating oil in the internal space as the countershaft rotates. As shown in FIG. 5, using this centrifugal force, the lubricating oil in the internal space is applied toward the direct connection piece P through the oil hole Z. As a result, the lubricating oil can be supplied to the gap of the spline fitting portion (loose fitting) between the directly connecting piece P and the cylindrical end portion of the O / P shaft. As a result, the occurrence of abnormal heat generation or the like in the spline fitting portion can be suppressed.
  • the outer diameter of the countershaft is continuously constant within a wide range in the axial direction including “the portion where G1o, H1, G2o, G5o, and H3 are arranged” in the countershaft, and the countershaft
  • An outer spline spline groove
  • the countershaft is machined as compared to the case where the countershaft has a stepped cylindrical shape within the range in the axial direction including the “portion where the idle gear and the hub are provided” in the countershaft (see FIG. 6). Will be very easy.
  • each member is inserted into the counter shaft in the order of H3, G5o, G2o, H1, and G1o, and a snap ring (not shown) or the like is provided on both sides in the axial direction of each member. Assembly of the assembly is easily completed.
  • the outer diameter of the counter shaft can be continuously constant within a wide range as described above, and the outer spline (spline groove) can be provided continuously in the axial direction as shown in FIG.
  • a 5-speed idler gear is provided on the countershaft. That is, in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, among the plurality of idle gears G1o, G2o, G3i, G5o, the idler is fixed to the direct connection piece P and selectively non-rotatable relative to the I / P shaft by the sleeve S2. It can be said that all the idle gears G1o, G2o, and G5o except the rotation gear G3i are provided on the countershaft.
  • the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P is larger than the outer diameter of the bearing BrA (see FIG. 1).
  • a synchronizer is actually provided close to the direct connection piece P.
  • the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P is larger.
  • the housing HgA is increased in size or the distance between the I / P shaft and the countershaft is increased, resulting in an increase in the size of the entire M / T. Therefore, the smaller the outer diameter of the bearing BrA, the better.
  • the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P is larger than the outer diameter of the bearing BrA (see FIG. 1). This means that the outer diameter of the bearing BrA can be reduced while increasing the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the size of the entire M / T while maintaining the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P at a large value (thus ensuring a sufficient capacity of the synchronizer).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

An "output (O/P) reduction structure" manual transmission having direct-drive gear ranges and equipped with an input shaft, an output shaft arranged coaxially with the input shaft, and a counter shaft arranged parallel to the input shaft at a position off-centered from the input shaft, wherein, of the multiple idler gears (G1o, G2o, G3i, G5o), all of the gears (G1o, G2o, G5o) except for the idler gear (G3i) which is affixed by means of a sleeve (S2) and selectively with a direct-drive piece (P) so as to be incapable of relative rotation with respect to the input shaft, are provided on the counter shaft. In addition, the outer diameter of the respective portions of the multiple idler gears (G1o, G2o G5o) inserted/arranged on the counter shaft is identical. Accordingly, the counter shaft can be processed easily.

Description

車両用手動変速機Manual transmission for vehicle
 本発明は、車両用手動変速機に関する。 The present invention relates to a vehicle manual transmission.
 従来より、前進用に複数の変速段を備えた車両用手動変速機(以下、「M/T」と呼ぶ)として、様々な構成を有するものが存在する(例えば、特開2011-43180号公報を参照)。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there are various types of vehicle manual transmissions (hereinafter referred to as “M / T”) having a plurality of shift stages for forward movement (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-43180). See).
 本願では、図6に示す構造を有するM/Tが想定される。このM/Tは、クラッチと接続されたI/Pシャフトと、駆動輪側と接続されるとともにI/Pシャフトと同軸的に配置されたO/Pシャフトと、I/Pシャフトから偏心した位置にてI/Pシャフトと平行に配置されたカウンタシャフトと、を備える。カウンタシャフトにはファイナル駆動ギヤが相対回転不能に設けられ、O/Pシャフトにはファイナル被動ギヤが相対回転不能に設けられている。ファイナル駆動ギヤとファイナル被動ギヤとは常時歯合している。この結果、O/Pシャフトは、カウンタシャフトと比べて低い回転速度で回転する。以下、O/Pシャフトの回転速度に対するI/Pシャフトの回転速度の割合を「減速比」と呼ぶ。 In the present application, an M / T having the structure shown in FIG. 6 is assumed. This M / T is an I / P shaft connected to the clutch, an O / P shaft connected to the drive wheel side and arranged coaxially with the I / P shaft, and a position eccentric from the I / P shaft. And a counter shaft disposed in parallel with the I / P shaft. The counter shaft is provided with a final drive gear so as not to be relatively rotatable, and the O / P shaft is provided with a final driven gear so as not to be relatively rotatable. The final drive gear and the final driven gear are always meshed. As a result, the O / P shaft rotates at a lower rotational speed than the counter shaft. Hereinafter, the ratio of the rotational speed of the I / P shaft to the rotational speed of the O / P shaft is referred to as a “reduction ratio”.
 図6に示す例では、「1速」(低速側、減速比が大きい)から「5速」(高速側、減速比が小さい)の変速段が備えられており、「4速」の減速比が「1」に設定され、「4速」以外の変速段の減速比が「1」以外に設定されている。「4速」以外の変速段は、対応するスリーブを駆動して、対応する変速段の遊転ギヤをその遊転ギヤが配置されているシャフトに対して相対回転不能に固定することによって実現される。このときの動力伝達系統は、「I/Pシャフト→対応する変速段のギヤ対→カウンタシャフト→ファイナル駆動ギヤ→ファイナル被動ギヤ→O/Pシャフト」で構成される。 In the example shown in FIG. 6, a gear stage from “1st speed” (low speed side, large reduction ratio) to “5th speed” (high speed side, small reduction ratio) is provided, and “4th speed” reduction ratio is provided. Is set to “1”, and the reduction ratio of the gear stage other than “4th speed” is set to other than “1”. Gear speeds other than “fourth speed” are realized by driving the corresponding sleeves and fixing the idle gears of the corresponding gear stages to the shaft where the idle gears are arranged so as not to rotate relative to each other. The The power transmission system at this time is composed of “I / P shaft → gear pair of corresponding gears → counter shaft → final drive gear → final driven gear → O / P shaft”.
 他方、「4速」の変速段(「直結変速段」とも呼ばれる)は、対応するスリーブを駆動して、O/Pシャフトに相対回転不能に設けられた直結用ピースをI/Pシャフトに対して相対回転不能に固定することによって実現される。このときの動力伝達系統は、「I/Pシャフト→直結用ピース→O/Pシャフト」で構成される。以上、図6に示す構造は、「アウトプット(O/P)リダクション構造」とも呼ばれる。 On the other hand, the “fourth speed” gear stage (also referred to as “direct gear shift gear”) drives the corresponding sleeve so that the direct coupling piece provided on the O / P shaft so as not to rotate relative to the I / P shaft. This is realized by fixing the relative rotation to be impossible. The power transmission system at this time is constituted by “I / P shaft → direct connection piece → O / P shaft”. The structure shown in FIG. 6 is also referred to as “output (O / P) reduction structure”.
 一般に、「アウトプット(O/P)リダクション構造」では、最も高速側の変速段(直結変速段より減速比が小さい変速段、図6の構成では、5速)の実現時、I/Pシャフトがカウンタシャフトに比べて低い回転速度で回転するように、その変速段のギヤ対が設計される。シフトフィーリングの向上等の観点から、一般に、ギヤ対のうちの遊転ギヤは、回転速度が低いシャフトに設けられることが好ましい。従って、一般に、「アウトプット(O/P)リダクション構造」では、図6に示すように、最も高速側の変速段(図6の構成では、5速)の遊転ギヤは、I/Pシャフトに設けられる。 In general, in the “output (O / P) reduction structure”, the I / P shaft is realized when the highest speed gear stage (a gear stage having a speed reduction ratio smaller than the direct-coupled gear stage, which is the fifth speed in the configuration of FIG. 6) is realized. Is designed to rotate at a lower rotational speed than the countershaft. In general, from the viewpoint of improving the shift feeling, the idle gear of the gear pair is preferably provided on a shaft having a low rotational speed. Therefore, in general, in the “output (O / P) reduction structure”, as shown in FIG. 6, the idle gear at the highest gear (the fifth speed in the configuration of FIG. 6) is the I / P shaft. Is provided.
 一方、最も低速側の変速段(図6の構成では、1速)の実現時、カウンタシャフトがI/Pシャフトに比べて低い回転速度で回転するように、その変速段のギヤ対が設計される。従って、図6に示すように、最も低速側の変速段(図6の構成では、1速)の遊転ギヤは、カウンタシャフトに設けられる。 On the other hand, when realizing the lowest speed gear stage (first speed in the configuration of FIG. 6), the gear pair of the gear stage is designed so that the counter shaft rotates at a lower rotational speed than the I / P shaft. The Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the idle gear at the lowest speed stage (first speed in the configuration of FIG. 6) is provided on the countershaft.
 即ち、一般に、「アウトプット(O/P)リダクション構造」では、「最も高速側の変速段の遊転ギヤが設けられる軸」と、「最も低速側の変速段の遊転ギヤが設けられる軸」とが異なる。従って、「最も高速側の変速段の遊転ギヤが設けられる軸」における同遊転ギヤが設けられる部分の加工と、「最も低速側の変速段の遊転ギヤが設けられる軸」における同遊転ギヤが設けられる部分の加工と、が別の工程で実行される必要がある。この結果、シャフトの加工は必ずしも容易であるとは言えなかった。 That is, in general, in the “output (O / P) reduction structure”, “the shaft on which the idle gear of the highest speed gear is provided” and “the shaft on which the idle gear of the lowest speed gear is provided” Is different. Therefore, the processing of the portion where the idle gear is provided in the “shaft on which the idle gear of the highest speed gear is provided” and the idle on the axis on which the idle gear of the lowest speed is provided. The machining of the portion where the rolling gear is provided needs to be performed in a separate process. As a result, it was not always easy to process the shaft.
 加えて、図6に示す構成では、カウンタシャフトにおける「遊転ギヤやハブが設けられる部分」を含む軸方向の範囲内においてカウンタシャフトが段付き円筒状を呈している。これは、遊転ギヤがニードルベアリングを介してカウンタンシャフトに固定されていること、並びに、ハブがカウンタシャフトに圧入・固定されていること、等に起因する。この結果、カウンタシャフトの加工が非常に困難であった。カウンタシャフトの加工が容易なM/Tの到来が望まれていたところである。 In addition, in the configuration shown in FIG. 6, the counter shaft has a stepped cylindrical shape within the axial range including the “part where the idle gear and the hub are provided” in the counter shaft. This is because the idle gear is fixed to the counter shaft via the needle bearing, the hub is press-fitted and fixed to the counter shaft, and the like. As a result, it was very difficult to process the countershaft. The arrival of M / T that allows easy processing of the countershaft has been desired.
 以上、本発明の目的は、「O/Pリダクション構造」を有するM/Tであって、カウンタシャフトの加工が容易なものを提供することにある。 As described above, an object of the present invention is to provide an M / T having an “O / P reduction structure” that can easily process a countershaft.
 本発明に係る「O/Pリダクション構造」を有するM/Tの特徴は、前記複数の遊転ギヤのうち前記切替機構によって前記直結用ピースと選択的に前記入力軸に対して相対回転不能に固定される遊転ギヤを除く全ての遊転ギヤが前記カウンタ軸に設けられ、前記カウンタ軸における前記複数の遊転ギヤが挿入・配置されるそれぞれの部分の外径が同じである、ことにある。これによれば、カウンタシャフトの加工が容易となる。 The feature of the M / T having the “O / P reduction structure” according to the present invention is that the switching mechanism among the plurality of idle gears is selectively non-rotatable relative to the direct connection piece and the input shaft. All the idle gears except the fixed idle gears are provided on the counter shaft, and the outer diameters of the portions where the plurality of idle gears on the counter shaft are inserted and arranged are the same. is there. This facilitates processing of the countershaft.
 上記構成において、前記カウンタ軸に設けられた前記複数の遊転ギヤは、軸受部材を介することなく前記カウンタ軸に直接挿入・配置され得る。この構成の場合、前記カウンタ軸に設けられた前記複数の遊転ギヤに隣接して、前記切替機構の一部としての複数のハブが前記カウンタ軸に相対回転不能に設けられ、前記カウンタ軸における前記複数の遊転ギヤ及び前記複数のハブが配置される部分を含む軸方向の範囲内において、前記カウンタ軸の外径が連続して一定であり、且つ、前記カウンタ軸の外周に軸方向に連続して外スプラインが設けられ、前記カウンタ軸に設けられる前記複数のハブは、前記カウンタ軸の外スプラインを用いたスプライン嵌合によって前記カウンタ軸に相対回転不能に設けられることが好適である。 In the above configuration, the plurality of idle gears provided on the counter shaft can be directly inserted and arranged on the counter shaft without a bearing member. In this configuration, adjacent to the plurality of idle gears provided on the counter shaft, a plurality of hubs as a part of the switching mechanism are provided on the counter shaft so as not to rotate relative to each other. An outer diameter of the counter shaft is continuously constant within an axial range including a portion where the plurality of idle gears and the plurality of hubs are arranged, and is axially provided on the outer periphery of the counter shaft. It is preferable that an outer spline is continuously provided, and the plurality of hubs provided on the counter shaft are provided on the counter shaft so as not to rotate relative to each other by spline fitting using the outer spline of the counter shaft.
 これによれば、カウンタ軸における「複数の遊転ギヤ及び複数のハブが配置される部分」を含む軸方向の広い範囲内において加工が非常に容易となる。 According to this, the processing becomes very easy within a wide range in the axial direction including “a portion where a plurality of idle gears and a plurality of hubs” are arranged on the counter shaft.
本発明の実施形態に係る手動変速機の主要断面を示すニュートラル状態におけるスケルトン図である。It is a skeleton figure in the neutral state which shows the main section of the manual transmission concerning the embodiment of the present invention. 図1に示した手動変速機について、O/PシャフトのサブアッセンブリをハウジングHgAに組み付ける際の手順を説明するための、図1のY部を拡大した第1の図である。FIG. 2 is a first enlarged view of a Y portion of FIG. 1 for explaining a procedure for assembling an O / P shaft subassembly to a housing HgA for the manual transmission shown in FIG. 1. 図1に示した手動変速機について、O/PシャフトのサブアッセンブリをハウジングHgAに組み付ける際の手順を説明するための、図1のY部を拡大した第2の図である。FIG. 4 is a second enlarged view of the Y portion of FIG. 1 for explaining the procedure for assembling the O / P shaft subassembly to the housing HgA for the manual transmission shown in FIG. 1. 図1に示した手動変速機について、O/PシャフトのサブアッセンブリをハウジングHgAに組み付ける際の手順を説明するための、図1のY部を拡大した第3の図である。FIG. 6 is a third enlarged view of the Y portion of FIG. 1 for explaining the procedure for assembling the O / P shaft subassembly to the housing HgA for the manual transmission shown in FIG. 1. カウンタシャフトに設けられた油穴を介して潤滑油が直結用ピースに塗布される様子を示した図である。It is the figure which showed a mode that lubricating oil was apply | coated to the piece for direct connection through the oil hole provided in the countershaft. 従来の手動変速機における図1に対応するスケルトン図である。It is a skeleton figure corresponding to FIG. 1 in the conventional manual transmission.
 以下、本発明の実施形態に係る車両用手動変速機について図面を参照しつつ説明する。本発明の実施形態に係る手動変速機M/Tは、前進用に5つ変速段(1速~5速)、後進用に1つの変速段(リバース)を備え、特に、エンジン(の出力軸)が車両に対して縦向きに配置されたFR車両に適用される。以下、後進用の変速段についての説明は省略する。 Hereinafter, a vehicle manual transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The manual transmission M / T according to the embodiment of the present invention includes five shift speeds (1st to 5th gears) for forward movement and one shift speed (reverse) for backward movement, and in particular, an engine (output shaft of the engine). ) Is applied to an FR vehicle arranged vertically with respect to the vehicle. Hereinafter, description of the reverse gear is omitted.
(構成)
 図1に示すように、本発明の実施形態に係るM/Tは、クラッチと接続されたI/Pシャフトと、I/Pシャフトと同軸的に配置されたO/Pシャフトと、I/Pシャフトから偏心した位置にてI/Pシャフトと平行に配置されたカウンタシャフトと、を備える。I/Pシャフトは、クラッチを介してエンジンの出力軸(図示せず)と接続されている。O/Pシャフトは、図示しない接続機構(ディファレンシャル等)を介して駆動輪(左右後輪)と接続されている。このM/Tは、M/Tの軸が車両に対して縦向きになるようにクラッチを介してエンジンの後方に配置される。以下、O/Pシャフトの回転速度に対するI/Pシャフトの回転速度の割合を「減速比」と呼ぶものとすると、4速の減速比は「1」に設定されている。従って、4速は「直結変速段」と呼ぶこともできる。
(Constitution)
As shown in FIG. 1, the M / T according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an I / P shaft connected to a clutch, an O / P shaft arranged coaxially with the I / P shaft, and an I / P. And a counter shaft arranged in parallel with the I / P shaft at a position eccentric from the shaft. The I / P shaft is connected to an output shaft (not shown) of the engine via a clutch. The O / P shaft is connected to drive wheels (left and right rear wheels) via a connection mechanism (differential, etc.) not shown. This M / T is disposed behind the engine via a clutch so that the axis of the M / T is oriented vertically with respect to the vehicle. Hereinafter, if the ratio of the rotational speed of the I / P shaft to the rotational speed of the O / P shaft is referred to as a “reduction ratio”, the reduction ratio of the fourth speed is set to “1”. Accordingly, the fourth speed can also be referred to as a “directly connected gear stage”.
 このM/Tのハウジングは、クラッチを収容するクラッチハウジングと連結されるハウジングHgAと、HgAにおけるクラッチハウジングと反対側の端部(O/Pシャフトに近い側の端部)にてHgAと連結されるハウジングHgBと、から構成される。HgAは、I/Pシャフト及びカウンタシャフトを収容し、HgBは、O/Pシャフトを収容している。 The housing of M / T is connected to HgA at the end of HgA opposite to the clutch housing (the end close to the O / P shaft). Housing HgB. HgA contains an I / P shaft and a counter shaft, and HgB contains an O / P shaft.
 I/Pシャフトは、クラッチハウジングに設けられた(圧入・固定された)ベアリングBrCと、O/Pシャフトにおける「I/Pシャフトに近い側の端部」に形成された円筒状端部(大径部)の内部に設けられた(圧入・固定された)ベアリングBrGと、によってHgA内で回転可能に支持されている。「O/Pシャフトの円筒状端部」の外周面にはベアリングBrAが設けられ(圧入・固定され)、このBrAは、HgAの「O/Pシャフトに近い側の端部」に設けられた開口部の外周に形成された軸受面(図1を参照)に圧入・固定されている。従って、BrGは、(BrAを介して)実質的にはHgAに固定されている。 The I / P shaft includes a bearing BrC (press-fitted / fixed) provided in the clutch housing and a cylindrical end (large end) formed on the “end near the I / P shaft” of the O / P shaft. The bearing BrG (press-fitted and fixed) provided inside the diameter portion) is rotatably supported in the HgA. A bearing BrA is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the “cylindrical end portion of the O / P shaft” (press-fit / fixed), and this BrA is provided on the “end portion close to the O / P shaft” of HgA. It is press-fitted and fixed to a bearing surface (see FIG. 1) formed on the outer periphery of the opening. Thus, BrG is substantially anchored to HgA (via BrA).
 カウンタシャフトは、クラッチハウジングに設けられた(圧入・固定された)ベアリングBrDと、HgBに設けられた(圧入・固定された)ベアリングBrEと、によってHgA内で回転可能に支持されている。O/Pシャフトは、上述したようにHgAの前記軸受面に圧入・固定されたBrAと、HgBに設けられた(圧入・固定された)ベアリングBrBと、によってHgB内で回転可能に支持されている。 The countershaft is rotatably supported in HgA by a bearing BrD (press-fit / fixed) provided in the clutch housing and a bearing BrE (press-fit / fixed) provided in HgB. As described above, the O / P shaft is rotatably supported in the HgB by the BrA press-fitted and fixed to the bearing surface of HgA and the bearing BrB provided (press-fitted and fixed) on the HgB. Yes.
 I/Pシャフトには、クラッチに近い側から順に、1速用の固定ギヤG1i、2速用の固定ギヤG2i、5速用の固定ギヤG5i、3速用の遊転ギヤG3i、3速-4速切り替え用のハブH2がそれぞれ同軸的に設けられている。G1i、G2i、及びG5iは、I/Pシャフトに相対回転不能に設けられている。G1i、G2i、及びG5iは、例えば、鍛造等の製法を利用して、I/Pシャフトと一体成形されている。G3iは、I/Pシャフトに圧入されたベアリングBrFを介してI/Pシャフトに相対回転可能に設けられている。ハブH2は、I/Pシャフトに圧入されて、I/Pシャフトに相対回転不能に設けられている。 The I / P shaft has a fixed gear G1i for the first speed, a fixed gear G2i for the second speed, a fixed gear G5i for the fifth speed, an idle gear G3i for the third speed, a third speed- Four-speed switching hubs H2 are coaxially provided. G1i, G2i, and G5i are provided on the I / P shaft so as not to rotate relative to each other. G1i, G2i, and G5i are integrally formed with the I / P shaft by using a manufacturing method such as forging. G3i is provided to be rotatable relative to the I / P shaft via a bearing BrF press-fitted into the I / P shaft. The hub H2 is press-fitted into the I / P shaft and is provided on the I / P shaft so as not to be relatively rotatable.
 カウンタシャフトには、クラッチに近い側から順に、1速用の遊転ギヤG1o、1速-2速切り替え用のハブH1、2速用の遊転ギヤG2o、5速用の遊転ギヤG5o、5速用のハブH3、3速用の固定ギヤG3oがそれぞれ同軸的に設けられている。G3oは、例えば、鍛造等の製法を利用して、カウンタシャフトと一体成形されている。カウンタシャフトにおける「G1o、H1、G2o、G5o、H3が配置される部分」を含む軸方向の範囲内では、カウンタシャフトの外径が連続して一定であり、且つ、カウンタシャフトの外周に軸方向に連続して外スプライン(スプライン溝)が設けられている。 In order from the side closer to the clutch, the countershaft includes a first-speed idler gear G1o, a first-second-speed switching hub H1, a second-speed idler gear G2o, a fifth-speed idler gear G5o, A 5-speed hub H3 and a 3-speed fixed gear G3o are coaxially provided. G3o is integrally formed with the countershaft using a manufacturing method such as forging. Within the range in the axial direction including “the portion where G1o, H1, G2o, G5o, and H3 are arranged” in the countershaft, the outer diameter of the countershaft is continuously constant and the outer circumference of the countershaft is axially An outer spline (spline groove) is provided continuously.
 G1o、G2o、及びG5oは、軸受部材(ベアリング、ブッシュ等)を介することなくカウンタシャフトに相対回転可能に直接挿入・配置されている。H1及びH3の挿入孔には、内スプラインが形成されている。H1及びH3は、カウンタシャフトの前記外スプラインとスプライン嵌合することによって、カウンタシャフトに相対回転不能に設けられている。G1o、H1、G2o、G5o、H3のカウンタシャフトに対する軸方向の固定は、各部材の軸方向の両側にスナップリング(図示せず)等を設けることによって達成され得る。 G1o, G2o, and G5o are directly inserted and arranged on the counter shaft so as to be relatively rotatable without a bearing member (bearing, bush, etc.). Inner splines are formed in the insertion holes of H1 and H3. H1 and H3 are provided on the countershaft so as not to rotate relative to each other by spline fitting with the outer spline of the countershaft. Axial fixation of G1o, H1, G2o, G5o, and H3 with respect to the countershaft can be achieved by providing snap rings (not shown) or the like on both sides of each member in the axial direction.
 G1o、G2o、G3o、及びG5oはそれぞれ、I/Pシャフトに設けられたG1i、G2i、G3i、及びG5iと常時歯合している。また、カウンタシャフトにおける「O/Pシャフトに近い側の端部」には、ファイナル駆動ギヤGfiが設けられている。Gfiも、G3oと同様、例えば、鍛造等の製法を利用して、カウンタシャフトと一体成形されている。 G1o, G2o, G3o, and G5o are always in mesh with G1i, G2i, G3i, and G5i provided on the I / P shaft, respectively. Further, a final drive gear Gfi is provided at the “end near the O / P shaft” of the counter shaft. Similarly to G3o, Gfi is also integrally formed with the countershaft by using a manufacturing method such as forging.
 O/Pシャフトには、上述のように、「I/Pシャフトに近い側の端部」に、外側(図1では左側)に開口する円筒状端部(大径部)が同軸的に設けられている。この円筒状端部の外周におけるBrAよりも外側(図1では左側)の位置には、直結用ピースPが同軸的に設けられている。この円筒状端部における「Pが配置される部分」を含む軸方向の範囲内では、円筒状端部の外周に軸方向に連続して外スプライン(スプライン溝)が設けられている。Pの挿入孔には、内スプラインが形成されている。直結用ピースPは、円筒状端部の前記外スプラインとスプライン嵌合することによって、円筒状端部(従って、O/Pシャフト)に相対回転不能に設けられている。Pの円筒状端部(従って、O/Pシャフト)に対する軸方向の固定は、Pの軸方向の両側にスナップリング(図示せず)等を設けることによって達成され得る。Pの外径は、BrAの外径より大きい。 As described above, the O / P shaft is coaxially provided with the cylindrical end portion (large-diameter portion) that opens to the outside (left side in FIG. 1) at the “end portion close to the I / P shaft”. It has been. A direct connection piece P is coaxially provided at a position outside the BrA on the outer periphery of the cylindrical end portion (on the left side in FIG. 1). Within the axial range including “the portion where P is arranged” in the cylindrical end portion, an outer spline (spline groove) is provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical end portion continuously in the axial direction. An inner spline is formed in the P insertion hole. The direct connection piece P is provided on the cylindrical end portion (accordingly, the O / P shaft) so as not to rotate relative thereto by spline fitting with the outer spline at the cylindrical end portion. Axial fixation to the cylindrical end of P (and thus the O / P shaft) can be achieved by providing snap rings (not shown) or the like on both sides of P in the axial direction. The outer diameter of P is larger than the outer diameter of BrA.
 O/Pシャフトにおける軸方向においてBrAとBrBとの間の部分(前記円筒状端部ではない部分)には、ファイナル被動ギヤGfoが設けられている。Gfoも、例えば、鍛造等の製法を利用して、O/Pシャフトと一体成形されている。Gfoは、カウンタシャフトに設けられたGfiと常時歯合している。Gfoの歯数(外径)は、Gfiの歯数(外径)よりも大きい。この結果、O/Pシャフトは、カウンタシャフトと比べて低い回転速度で回転する。 A final driven gear Gfo is provided in a portion between the BrA and BrB in the axial direction of the O / P shaft (a portion other than the cylindrical end portion). Gfo is also integrally formed with the O / P shaft using a manufacturing method such as forging. Gfo always meshes with Gfi provided on the countershaft. The number of teeth (outer diameter) of Gfo is larger than the number of teeth (outer diameter) of Gfi. As a result, the O / P shaft rotates at a lower rotational speed than the counter shaft.
 このM/Tの変速段の切り替えは、ハブH1の外周にてH1に対して軸方向に相対移動可能且つ相対回転不能にスプライン嵌合されたスリーブS1、ハブH2の外周にてH2に対して軸方向に相対移動可能且つ相対回転不能にスプライン嵌合されたスリーブS2、並びに、ハブH3の外周にてH3に対して軸方向に相対移動可能且つ相対回転不能にスプライン嵌合されたスリーブS3のそれぞれの軸方向位置を調整・駆動することによって達成される。S1~S3の軸方向位置は、運転者によるシフトレバー(図示せず)の操作に応じて、図示しない複数のリンク機構を介して調整・駆動される。 The M / T gear position is switched with respect to the sleeve S1 that is axially moved relative to H1 on the outer periphery of the hub H1 and non-rotatably spline-fitted, and to the H2 on the outer periphery of the hub H2. A sleeve S2 that is spline-fitted so as to be relatively movable in the axial direction and not rotatable relative to the sleeve S3, and a sleeve S3 that is spline-fitted so as to be relatively movable in the axial direction relative to H3 on the outer periphery of the hub H3 and not relatively rotatable. This is achieved by adjusting and driving the respective axial positions. The axial positions of S1 to S3 are adjusted and driven through a plurality of link mechanisms (not shown) according to the operation of a shift lever (not shown) by the driver.
 スリーブS1は、その軸方向位置に応じて、G1oと一体回転するピース、及び、G2oと一体回転するピースと選択的にスプライン嵌合可能となっている。スリーブS2は、その軸方向位置に応じて、G3iと一体回転するピース、及び、直結用ピースPと選択的にスプライン嵌合可能となっている。スリーブS3は、その軸方向位置に応じて、G5oと一体回転するピースとスプライン嵌合可能となっている。 The sleeve S1 can be selectively spline-fitted with a piece that rotates integrally with the G1o and a piece that rotates together with the G2o according to the axial position thereof. The sleeve S2 can be selectively spline-fitted with the piece that rotates integrally with the G3i and the directly connecting piece P according to the position in the axial direction. The sleeve S3 can be spline-fitted with a piece that rotates integrally with the G5o according to its axial position.
(作動)
 次に、上記のように構成されたM/Tの作動について説明する。以下、M/Tの各変速段について順に説明していく。
(Operation)
Next, the operation of the M / T configured as described above will be described. Hereinafter, each of the M / T shift speeds will be described in order.
<1速>
 シフトレバーが1速に対応する位置に操作されると、スリーブS2、S3は非接続状態(図1に示す状態)に維持される一方で、スリーブS1のみが駆動されて、G1oと一体回転するピースとスプライン嵌合する1速状態(図1に示す状態から左側へ移動した状態)となる。これにより、M/T内において、(I/Pシャフト→G1i→G1o→S1→H1→カウンタシャフト→Gfi→Gfo→O/Pシャフト)という動力伝達系統が形成される。この結果、車両前進時において、M/Tの減速比が1速の減速比GT1(>1)に設定される。GT1は、((G1oの歯数)/(G1iの歯数))・GTfで表わされる。ここで、GTfは((Gfoの歯数)/(Gfiの歯数))で表わされる。以下、GTfを「最終減速比」と呼ぶ。上述のように、GTf>1の関係が成立する。
<First gear>
When the shift lever is operated to the position corresponding to the first speed, the sleeves S2 and S3 are maintained in the disconnected state (the state shown in FIG. 1), while only the sleeve S1 is driven to rotate integrally with G1o. The first speed state (the state moved from the state shown in FIG. 1 to the left side) is engaged with the piece and the spline. As a result, a power transmission system (I / P shaft → G1i → G1o → S1 → H1 → counter shaft → Gfi → Gfo → O / P shaft) is formed in the M / T. As a result, when the vehicle moves forward, the M / T reduction ratio is set to the first reduction ratio GT1 (> 1). GT1 is represented by ((number of teeth of G1o) / (number of teeth of G1i)) · GTf. Here, GTf is represented by ((number of teeth of Gfo) / (number of teeth of Gfi)). Hereinafter, GTf is referred to as “final reduction ratio”. As described above, the relationship GTf> 1 is established.
<2速>
 シフトレバーが2速に対応する位置に操作されると、スリーブS2、S3は非接続状態(図1に示す状態)に維持される一方で、スリーブS1のみが駆動されて、G2oと一体回転するピースとスプライン嵌合する2速状態(図1に示す状態から右側へ移動した状態)となる。これにより、M/T内において、(I/Pシャフト→G2i→G2o→S1→H1→カウンタシャフト→Gfi→Gfo→O/Pシャフト)という動力伝達系統が形成される。この結果、車両前進時において、M/Tの減速比が2速の減速比GT2(>1)に設定される。GT2は、((G2oの歯数)/(G2iの歯数))・GTfで表わされる。GT1>GT2の関係が成立する。
<2nd speed>
When the shift lever is operated to a position corresponding to the second speed, the sleeves S2 and S3 are maintained in a disconnected state (the state shown in FIG. 1), while only the sleeve S1 is driven to rotate integrally with the G2o. A two-speed state (a state moved from the state shown in FIG. 1 to the right side) in which the piece and the spline are engaged is obtained. As a result, a power transmission system (I / P shaft → G2i → G2o → S1 → H1 → counter shaft → Gfi → Gfo → O / P shaft) is formed in the M / T. As a result, when the vehicle moves forward, the M / T reduction ratio is set to the second speed reduction ratio GT2 (> 1). GT2 is represented by ((number of teeth of G2o) / (number of teeth of G2i)) · GTf. The relationship GT1> GT2 is established.
<3速>
 シフトレバーが3速に対応する位置に操作されると、スリーブS1、S3は非接続状態(図1に示す状態)に維持される一方で、スリーブS2のみが駆動されて、G3iと一体回転するピースとスプライン嵌合する3速状態(図1に示す状態から左側へ移動した状態)となる。これにより、M/T内において、(I/Pシャフト→H2→S2→G3i→G3o→カウンタシャフト→Gfi→Gfo→O/Pシャフト)という動力伝達系統が形成される。この結果、車両前進時において、M/Tの減速比が3速の減速比GT3(>1)に設定される。GT3は、((G3oの歯数)/(G3iの歯数))・GTfで表わされる。GT2>GT3の関係が成立する。
<3rd speed>
When the shift lever is operated to a position corresponding to the third speed, the sleeves S1 and S3 are maintained in the disconnected state (the state shown in FIG. 1), while only the sleeve S2 is driven to rotate integrally with G3i. It becomes the 3rd speed state (state which moved to the left side from the state shown in FIG. 1) which carries out spline fitting with a piece. As a result, a power transmission system (I / P shaft → H2 → S2 → G3i → G3o → counter shaft → Gfi → Gfo → O / P shaft) is formed in the M / T. As a result, when the vehicle moves forward, the M / T reduction ratio is set to the third reduction ratio GT3 (> 1). GT3 is represented by ((number of teeth of G3o) / (number of teeth of G3i)) · GTf. The relationship GT2> GT3 is established.
<4速>
 シフトレバーが4速(即ち、直結変速段)に対応する位置に操作されると、スリーブS1、S3は非接続状態(図1に示す状態)に維持される一方で、スリーブS2のみが駆動されて、直結用ピースPとスプライン嵌合する4速状態(直結状態、図1に示す状態から右側へ移動した状態)となる。これにより、M/T内において、(I/Pシャフト→H2→S2→P→O/Pシャフト)という動力伝達系統が形成される。この結果、車両前進時において、M/Tの減速比が4速の減速比GT4(=1)に設定される。GT3>GT4の関係が成立する。
<4th speed>
When the shift lever is operated to a position corresponding to the fourth speed (that is, a direct gear), the sleeves S1 and S3 are maintained in a disconnected state (the state shown in FIG. 1), while only the sleeve S2 is driven. Thus, a 4th speed state (a direct connection state, a state moved from the state shown in FIG. 1 to the right side) in which the direct connection piece P is spline fitted is obtained. As a result, a power transmission system of (I / P shaft → H 2 → S 2 → P → O / P shaft) is formed in the M / T. As a result, when the vehicle moves forward, the M / T reduction ratio is set to the fourth speed reduction ratio GT4 (= 1). The relationship GT3> GT4 is established.
<5速>
 シフトレバーが5速に対応する位置に操作されると、スリーブS1、S2は非接続状態(図1に示す状態)に維持される一方で、スリーブS3のみが駆動されて、G5oと一体回転するピースとスプライン嵌合する5速状態(図1に示す状態から左側へ移動した状態)となる。これにより、M/T内において、(I/Pシャフト→G5i→G5o→S3→H3→カウンタシャフト→Gfi→Gfo→O/Pシャフト)という動力伝達系統が形成される。この結果、車両前進時において、M/Tの減速比が5速の減速比GT5(<1)に設定される。GT5は、((G5oの歯数)/(G5iの歯数))・GTfで表わされる。GT4>GT5の関係が成立する。以上、このM/Tの構造は、上述した「アウトプット(O/P)リダクション構造」である。
<5th speed>
When the shift lever is operated to the position corresponding to the fifth speed, the sleeves S1 and S2 are maintained in the disconnected state (the state shown in FIG. 1), while only the sleeve S3 is driven to rotate integrally with the G5o. A fifth speed state (a state moved from the state shown in FIG. 1 to the left side) in which the piece and the spline are engaged is obtained. As a result, a power transmission system of (I / P shaft → G5i → G5o → S3 → H3 → counter shaft → Gfi → Gfo → O / P shaft) is formed in the M / T. As a result, when the vehicle moves forward, the M / T reduction ratio is set to the fifth reduction ratio GT5 (<1). GT5 is represented by ((G5o number of teeth) / (G5i number of teeth)) · GTf. The relationship GT4> GT5 is established. The M / T structure is the “output (O / P) reduction structure” described above.
(直結用ピースPの組み付け)
 上述のように、このM/Tでは、直結用ピースPの外径は、ベアリングBrAの外径より大きい(図1を参照)。従って、O/PシャフトにベアリングBrAと直結用ピースPとを予め組み付けた「O/Pシャフトのサブアッセンブリ」を直結用ピースP側からハウジングHgAの前記開口部に挿入しようとしても、直結用ピースPが前記軸受面と干渉して挿入できない。
(Assembly of direct connection piece P)
As described above, in this M / T, the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P is larger than the outer diameter of the bearing BrA (see FIG. 1). Therefore, even if an “O / P shaft subassembly” in which the bearing BrA and the direct connection piece P are assembled in advance to the O / P shaft is inserted into the opening of the housing HgA from the direct connection piece P side, the direct connection piece P cannot be inserted due to interference with the bearing surface.
 これに対し、このM/Tでは、直結用ピースPの組み付けに際し、上述した手順と異なる手順が採用される。以下、この手順について図2~図4を参照しながら説明する。 On the other hand, in this M / T, when assembling the direct connection piece P, a procedure different from the procedure described above is adopted. Hereinafter, this procedure will be described with reference to FIGS.
 先ず、図2に示すように、ハウジングHgAが組み付けられていない状態で、「I/Pシャフトのサブアッセンブリ」においてI/Pシャフトの「ハブH2が圧入されている部分」の隣の位置に、直結用ピースPが挿入・載置される。次いで、図3に示すように、「I/Pシャフトのサブアッセンブリ」(並びに、カウンタシャフトのサブアッセンブリ)を覆うようにハウジングHgAがクラッチハウジングに対して組み付けられる。 First, as shown in FIG. 2, in a state where the housing HgA is not assembled, in the “subassembly of the I / P shaft”, a position next to the “portion where the hub H2 is press-fitted” of the I / P shaft. The direct connection piece P is inserted and placed. Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the housing HgA is assembled to the clutch housing so as to cover the “I / P shaft subassembly” (and the countershaft subassembly).
 続いて、図4に示すように、ベアリングBrA、BrBが圧入・固定された「O/Pシャフトのサブアッセンブリ」が円筒状端部側からハウジングHgAの前記開口部に挿入され、(白矢印を参照)、BrAが前記開口部の軸受面に組み付けられる(圧入・固定される)。このとき、直結用ピースPも円筒状端部に同時に挿入され、この結果、直結用ピースPが円筒状端部の外スプラインとスプライン嵌合される。なお、直結用ピースPが円筒状端部に挿入され易いように(スプライン嵌合し易いように)、直結用ピースPは、隙間を有するスプライン嵌合(所謂ルーズ嵌合)によって、円筒状端部に対して相対回転不能に連結されている。 Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4, an “O / P shaft subassembly” into which the bearings BrA and BrB are press-fitted and fixed is inserted into the opening of the housing HgA from the cylindrical end side (with white arrows). BrA is assembled to the bearing surface of the opening (press-fitted / fixed). At this time, the direct connection piece P is also simultaneously inserted into the cylindrical end, and as a result, the direct connection piece P is spline-fitted with the outer spline of the cylindrical end. In order to facilitate the insertion of the direct connection piece P into the cylindrical end portion (so that it can be easily fitted to the spline), the direct connection piece P is connected to the cylindrical end by spline fitting (so-called loose fitting) having a gap. It is connected so that it cannot rotate relative to the part.
(直結用ピースのスプライン嵌合部の潤滑)
 図1に示すように、カウンタシャフトは、細長の円筒形状を呈している。カウンタシャフトの内部空間は、潤滑油を流通するために使用される。潤滑油は、周知の手法の一つを利用して、カウンタシャフトの一端側からカウンタシャフトの内部空間内に圧送される。図1に示すように、カウンタシャフトにおける「軸方向において直結用ピースPに対応する位置」には、径方向に貫通する油穴Zが形成されている。
(Lubrication of spline fitting part of direct connection piece)
As shown in FIG. 1, the countershaft has an elongated cylindrical shape. The internal space of the countershaft is used for circulating lubricating oil. Lubricating oil is pumped into the internal space of the countershaft from one end side of the countershaft using one of known methods. As shown in FIG. 1, an oil hole Z penetrating in the radial direction is formed at a “position corresponding to the direct connection piece P in the axial direction” of the counter shaft.
 カウンタシャフトの回転に伴って前記内部空間内の潤滑油には遠心力が作用する。図5に示すように、この遠心力を利用して、前記内部空間内の潤滑油が、油穴Zを介して直結用ピースPに向けて塗布される。この結果、直結用ピースPとO/Pシャフトの円筒状端部との間のスプライン嵌合部(ルーズ嵌合)の隙間に潤滑油が供給され得る。この結果、このスプライン嵌合部の異常な発熱等の発生が抑制され得る。 A centrifugal force acts on the lubricating oil in the internal space as the countershaft rotates. As shown in FIG. 5, using this centrifugal force, the lubricating oil in the internal space is applied toward the direct connection piece P through the oil hole Z. As a result, the lubricating oil can be supplied to the gap of the spline fitting portion (loose fitting) between the directly connecting piece P and the cylindrical end portion of the O / P shaft. As a result, the occurrence of abnormal heat generation or the like in the spline fitting portion can be suppressed.
(作用・効果)
 次に、上記のように構成された本発明の実施形態に係るM/Tの作用・効果について説明する。
(Action / Effect)
Next, the operation / effect of the M / T according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described.
 第1に、カウンタシャフトにおける「G1o、H1、G2o、G5o、H3が配置される部分」を含む軸方向の広い範囲内において、カウンタシャフトの外径が連続して一定であり、且つ、カウンタシャフトの外周に軸方向に連続して外スプライン(スプライン溝)が設けられている。従って、カウンタシャフトにおける「遊転ギヤやハブが設けられる部分」を含む軸方向の範囲内においてカウンタシャフトが段付き円筒状を呈している場合(図6を参照)と比べて、カウンタシャフトの加工が非常に容易になる。加えて、H3、G5o、G2o、H1、G1oの順にそれぞれの部材をカウンタシャフトに挿入し、それぞれの部材の軸方向の両側にスナップリング(図示せず)等を設けることによって、カウンタシャフトのサブアッセンブリの組み付けが容易に完了する。 First, the outer diameter of the countershaft is continuously constant within a wide range in the axial direction including “the portion where G1o, H1, G2o, G5o, and H3 are arranged” in the countershaft, and the countershaft An outer spline (spline groove) is provided on the outer periphery of the outer periphery in the axial direction. Accordingly, the countershaft is machined as compared to the case where the countershaft has a stepped cylindrical shape within the range in the axial direction including the “portion where the idle gear and the hub are provided” in the countershaft (see FIG. 6). Will be very easy. In addition, each member is inserted into the counter shaft in the order of H3, G5o, G2o, H1, and G1o, and a snap ring (not shown) or the like is provided on both sides in the axial direction of each member. Assembly of the assembly is easily completed.
 なお、このようにカウンタシャフトにおける広い範囲内において外径が連続して一定とでき、且つ、軸方向に連続して外スプライン(スプライン溝)を設けることができるのは、図6に示す構成と異なり、5速の遊転ギヤがカウンタシャフトに設けられていることにも基づく。即ち、図1に示した構成では、複数の遊転ギヤG1o、G2o、G3i、G5oのうちスリーブS2によって直結用ピースPと選択的にI/Pシャフトに対して相対回転不能に固定される遊転ギヤG3iを除く全ての遊転ギヤG1o、G2o、G5oがカウンタシャフトに設けられている、といえる。 Note that the outer diameter of the counter shaft can be continuously constant within a wide range as described above, and the outer spline (spline groove) can be provided continuously in the axial direction as shown in FIG. Differently, it is based on the fact that a 5-speed idler gear is provided on the countershaft. That is, in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, among the plurality of idle gears G1o, G2o, G3i, G5o, the idler is fixed to the direct connection piece P and selectively non-rotatable relative to the I / P shaft by the sleeve S2. It can be said that all the idle gears G1o, G2o, and G5o except the rotation gear G3i are provided on the countershaft.
 第2に、このM/Tでは、直結用ピースPの外径が、ベアリングBrAの外径より大きい(図1を参照)。ここで、図1には示していないが、直結用ピースとI/Pシャフトとの間の回転速度差を低減するため、実際には、直結用ピースPに近接してシンクロナイザが設けられている。このシンクロナイザの容量を十分に確保するためには、直結用ピースPの外径が大きいほど好ましい。加えて、ベアリングBrAの外径が大きいと、ハウジングHgAの大型化、或いは、I/Pシャフト-カウンタシャフト間の距離の拡大に繋がり、ひいては、M/T全体の大型化を招く。従って、ベアリングBrAの外径が小さいほど好ましい。 Second, in this M / T, the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P is larger than the outer diameter of the bearing BrA (see FIG. 1). Here, although not shown in FIG. 1, in order to reduce the rotational speed difference between the direct connection piece and the I / P shaft, a synchronizer is actually provided close to the direct connection piece P. . In order to ensure a sufficient capacity of the synchronizer, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P is larger. In addition, if the outer diameter of the bearing BrA is large, the housing HgA is increased in size or the distance between the I / P shaft and the countershaft is increased, resulting in an increase in the size of the entire M / T. Therefore, the smaller the outer diameter of the bearing BrA, the better.
 このM/Tでは、上述のように、直結用ピースPの外径が、ベアリングBrAの外径より大きい(図1を参照)。このことは、直結用ピースPの外径を大きくしつつ、ベアリングBrAの外径を小さくすることができることを意味する。この結果、直結用ピースPの外径を大きい値に維持しながら(従って、前記シンクロナイザの容量を十分に確保しながら)M/T全体の大型化を抑制することができる。 In this M / T, as described above, the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P is larger than the outer diameter of the bearing BrA (see FIG. 1). This means that the outer diameter of the bearing BrA can be reduced while increasing the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the size of the entire M / T while maintaining the outer diameter of the direct connection piece P at a large value (thus ensuring a sufficient capacity of the synchronizer).

Claims (3)

  1.  車両のエンジンの出力軸と駆動輪とを結ぶ動力伝達系統に介装され、前進用に複数の変速段を有する車両用手動変速機であって、
     ハウジングと、
     前記ハウジングに回転可能に支持されるとともに前記エンジンの出力軸との間で動力伝達系統が形成される入力軸と、
     前記入力軸と同軸的且つ前記入力軸に対して相対回転可能に前記ハウジングに回転可能に支持され、前記駆動輪との間で動力伝達系統が形成される出力軸と、
     前記入力軸から偏心した位置にて前記入力軸と平行に前記ハウジングに回転可能に支持されるカウンタ軸と、
     それぞれが前記入力軸又は前記カウンタ軸に相対回転不能に設けられた複数の固定ギヤであってそれぞれが前記複数の変速段のうちの1つに対応する複数の固定ギヤと、
     それぞれが前記カウンタ軸又は前記入力軸に相対回転可能に設けられた複数の遊転ギヤであってそれぞれが前記複数の変速段のうちの1つに対応するとともに対応する変速段の前記固定ギヤと常時歯合する複数の遊転ギヤと、
     前記複数の変速段のうち前記出力軸の回転速度に対する前記入力軸の回転速度の割合である減速比が1となる直結変速段を実現するために使用される直結用ピースであって、前記出力軸の両端部のうち前記入力軸に近い側の一端部に前記出力軸と相対回転不能に設けられた直結用ピースと、
     前記カウンタ軸に同軸的且つ相対回転不能に配置された最終駆動ギヤと、
     前記出力軸における前記直結用ピースに対して前記入力軸から遠い側の位置に前記出力軸と相対回転不能に配置された、前記最終駆動ギヤと常時歯合する最終被動ギヤと、
     前記複数の変速段のうち前記直結変速段以外の選択された1つの変速段に対応する遊転ギヤを対応する遊転ギヤが配置されている軸に対して相対回転不能に固定することによって、前記減速比を前記選択された1つの変速段に対応する1以外の値に設定し、又は、前記直結用ピースを前記入力軸に対して相対回転不能に固定することによって前記減速比を1に設定する切替機構と、
     を備え、
     前記複数の遊転ギヤのうち前記切替機構によって前記直結用ピースと選択的に前記入力軸に対して相対回転不能に固定される遊転ギヤを除く全ての遊転ギヤが前記カウンタ軸に設けられ、
     前記カウンタ軸における前記複数の遊転ギヤが挿入・配置されるそれぞれの部分の外径が同じである、車両用手動変速機。
    A manual transmission for a vehicle that is interposed in a power transmission system that connects an output shaft of a vehicle engine and drive wheels, and has a plurality of shift stages for forward movement,
    A housing;
    An input shaft that is rotatably supported by the housing and forms a power transmission system with the output shaft of the engine;
    An output shaft coaxially with the input shaft and rotatably supported by the housing so as to be rotatable relative to the input shaft; and a power transmission system is formed between the drive wheels;
    A counter shaft rotatably supported by the housing in parallel with the input shaft at a position eccentric from the input shaft;
    A plurality of fixed gears, each of which is provided on the input shaft or the counter shaft so as not to rotate relative to each other, each of which corresponds to one of the plurality of shift stages;
    A plurality of idler gears each provided so as to be rotatable relative to the counter shaft or the input shaft, each corresponding to one of the plurality of shift stages and the fixed gear of the corresponding shift stage; A plurality of idler gears that are in constant mesh;
    A direct coupling piece that is used to realize a direct gear shift stage in which a reduction ratio, which is a ratio of a rotational speed of the input shaft to a rotational speed of the output shaft among the plurality of gear speeds, is 1, and the output A directly connecting piece provided at one end on the side close to the input shaft of the both ends of the shaft so as not to rotate relative to the output shaft;
    A final drive gear arranged coaxially with the countershaft and non-rotatable;
    A final driven gear that is arranged so as not to rotate relative to the output shaft at a position distant from the input shaft with respect to the direct connection piece in the output shaft, and is always meshed with the final drive gear;
    By fixing the idle gear corresponding to one selected gear other than the direct gear among the plurality of gears so as not to rotate relative to the shaft on which the corresponding idle gear is disposed, The speed reduction ratio is set to 1 by setting the speed reduction ratio to a value other than 1 corresponding to the selected one gear position, or by fixing the direct coupling piece so as not to rotate relative to the input shaft. A switching mechanism to be set;
    With
    Of the plurality of idle gears, all the idle gears are provided on the counter shaft except for the idle gears that are fixed to the direct connection piece and selectively non-rotatable with respect to the input shaft by the switching mechanism. ,
    A manual transmission for a vehicle, wherein an outer diameter of each portion of the counter shaft where the plurality of idle gears are inserted and arranged is the same.
  2.  請求項1に記載の車両用手動変速機において、
     前記カウンタ軸に設けられた前記複数の遊転ギヤは、軸受部材を介することなく前記カウンタ軸に直接挿入・配置された、車両用手動変速機。
    The vehicle manual transmission according to claim 1,
    The manual transmission for a vehicle, wherein the plurality of idle gears provided on the counter shaft are directly inserted and arranged on the counter shaft without a bearing member.
  3.  請求項2に記載の車両用手動変速機において、
     前記カウンタ軸に設けられた前記複数の遊転ギヤに隣接して、前記切替機構の一部としての複数のハブが前記カウンタ軸に相対回転不能に設けられ、
     前記カウンタ軸における前記複数の遊転ギヤ及び前記複数のハブが配置される部分を含む軸方向の範囲内において、前記カウンタ軸の外径が連続して一定であり、且つ、前記カウンタ軸の外周に軸方向に連続して外スプラインが設けられ、
     前記カウンタ軸に設けられる前記複数のハブは、前記カウンタ軸の外スプラインを用いたスプライン嵌合によって前記カウンタ軸に相対回転不能に設けられた、車両用手動変速機。
    The vehicle manual transmission according to claim 2,
    Adjacent to the plurality of idler gears provided on the counter shaft, a plurality of hubs as a part of the switching mechanism are provided on the counter shaft so as not to be relatively rotatable,
    An outer diameter of the counter shaft is continuously constant within an axial range including a portion where the plurality of idler gears and the plurality of hubs are disposed on the counter shaft, and an outer periphery of the counter shaft An outer spline is continuously provided in the axial direction on the
    The manual transmission for a vehicle, wherein the plurality of hubs provided on the counter shaft are provided on the counter shaft so as not to rotate relative to each other by spline fitting using an outer spline of the counter shaft.
PCT/JP2012/066909 2012-07-02 2012-07-02 Manual transmission for vehicle WO2014006678A1 (en)

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CN201280002409.6A CN103814236A (en) 2012-07-02 2012-07-02 Manual transmission for vehicle
JP2012544771A JPWO2014006678A1 (en) 2012-07-02 2012-07-02 Manual transmission for vehicle
PCT/JP2012/066909 WO2014006678A1 (en) 2012-07-02 2012-07-02 Manual transmission for vehicle

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EP0882908A3 (en) * 1997-06-05 1999-02-03 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Multiple speed ratio manual transmission for motor vehicles
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0293151A (en) * 1988-09-29 1990-04-03 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Gear type manually operated speed change machine
JPH0395037U (en) * 1990-01-17 1991-09-27
JPH10103427A (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-21 Mazda Motor Corp Gear type transmission structure

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