WO2014005253A1 - 一种蓝藻的防治方法 - Google Patents

一种蓝藻的防治方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014005253A1
WO2014005253A1 PCT/CN2012/001273 CN2012001273W WO2014005253A1 WO 2014005253 A1 WO2014005253 A1 WO 2014005253A1 CN 2012001273 W CN2012001273 W CN 2012001273W WO 2014005253 A1 WO2014005253 A1 WO 2014005253A1
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water
water body
cyanobacteria
rain
algae
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PCT/CN2012/001273
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈迪军
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Chen Dijun
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Publication of WO2014005253A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014005253A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F7/00Aeration of stretches of water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling algae, in particular to a method for controlling cyanobacteria.
  • algae growth requires appropriate external objective conditions, specific to algae, and the objective elements that limit algae growth in water are light, nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus, temperature, and oxygen content in water.
  • Cyanobacteria are foods for freshwater fish, so it is possible to control algae by placing such fish to prevent algae outbreaks. Cyanobacteria itself is the food of freshwater fish, but if the blooms are seriously polluted, the fish cannot grow, and there is no large population, which is effective but cannot control the large-scale cyanobacteria outbreak.
  • the biological floating bed method Plants and other organisms that adsorb algae control nutrients in water bodies and inhibit algae overgrowth to establish an ecological balance system.
  • the implementation of biological manipulation technology and artificial floating island technology artificially make aquatic plants such as canna, water hyacinth, and sedge grass, so as to purify the water and beautify the environment. But this method can only be adapted to some waters.
  • the weapon fishing method This is the most primitive and traditional way to use the manpower to remove the cyanobacteria together with the algae. This method is adopted at the Wuxi water source.
  • some people have invented the automatic metal membrane filter.
  • all the cyanobacteria are salvaged by the metal film, and the fishing speed is thousands of times.
  • flocculation, sedimentation, air flotation, push flow, and algae are added.
  • a new type of algae boat was invented abroad to treat and prevent possible cyanobacteria.
  • the advantage is that the salvage is thorough.
  • the disadvantage is that it is still difficult to manage large-area cyanobacteria, it is not a cure, and it costs a lot.
  • the chemical law that is, the chemical drug killing method is generally used, and copper sulfate is generally used. Copper sulfate is also commonly used in the early treatment of marine red tides, and the effect is better. However, the divalent copper ions are teratogenic to the metamorphosis of the biological larvae and cause serious shedding of the bait algae. At the same time, the copper sulfate is toxic and can destroy the normal ecosystem of the water body.
  • the beneficial bacteria in the natural state activated sludge are screened and separated, and the high-density powder is obtained after spray drying, and then mass-produced by the factory, and attached to the patented filler to form an efficient treatment system. Some people were in the Shanghai test section.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling cyanobacteria which is more reasonable, has high operability, and is simple in operation and low in cost, in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the invention relates to a method for controlling cyanobacteria, which is characterized in that: artificial rain is adopted on the water body to reduce the surface water temperature of the water body; and the artificial rain is to absorb the water body and/or the bottom mud in the middle or lower part of the water body. Spray to the surface of the water.
  • the artificial rain-making method is preferably: using a mobile or fixed fire-fighting vessel, a water sprayer or a surface aerator to artificially build rain on the water body, as long as the relatively low-temperature water body of the middle and lower layers can be
  • the apparatus for sucking out the low mud and spraying it onto the surface of the water body can be applied to the artificial rain of the present invention.
  • the method of the invention has the following advantages:
  • the method of the present invention sprays on the surface of the water body by sucking the middle and lower layer water body and/or the bottom mud, and artificially causes the water body to be turbid.
  • the advantage of this is that after the water is turbid, the sunlight is strong, and its penetrating ability is extremely limited. Without sunlight, the algae's production capacity is extremely limited, thus controlling the excessive growth of algae.
  • the water body algae cells can be adsorbed by the adsorption capacity of the water body sediment, and settled to the bottom of the water. The algae concentration of the water body is greatly reduced in a short time to curb the trend of the outbreak, and the third is to lower the temperature of the surface water of the water body. After the method of the present invention is employed, the algae in the water body is greatly reduced.
  • the method of the invention has simple design, convenient operation, high feasibility, low cost, easy promotion, and can be adapted to use a large area of water.
  • the method of the invention can be applied to waters such as lakes and oceans.
  • Embodiment 1 is a method for controlling cyanobacteria, which adopts a method of artificially making rain on a water body to reduce the surface water temperature of the water body; and the artificial artificial rain is sprayed to the water body and/or the bottom mud of the middle or lower part of the water body. The surface of the water.
  • Embodiment 2 In the method for controlling cyanobacteria according to Embodiment 1, the artificial rain method is: artificially making rain on a water body by using a mobile or fixed fire boat, a water sprayer or a surface aerator. .
  • Embodiment 3 In the method for controlling cyanobacteria according to the embodiment 1 or 2, when the maximum temperature reaches 32 ° C or higher, artificial rain is taken on the water body.
  • Embodiment 4 In the method for controlling cyanobacteria according to the embodiment 1 or 2, when the maximum temperature reaches 33 ° C or higher, artificial rain is taken on the water body.
  • Embodiment 5 In the method for controlling cyanobacteria according to the embodiment 1 or 2 or 3, when the water temperature of the surface layer of the water body reaches 20 ° C or more, artificial rain is taken on the water body.
  • Example 6 Control experiment of cyanobacteria.
  • artificial rain was applied to the water body.
  • the water temperature of the surface of the water body reached 20 °C above 20 °C
  • artificial rain was applied to the water body to reduce the surface of the water body.
  • Water temperature Artificial rain is carried out using a fire boat. Even if the maximum temperature in the summer reaches 36 °C or above, the lake does not have the same cyanobacteria as in previous years. The effectiveness of the method of the invention is fully demonstrated.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种蓝藻的防治方法,该方法是在水体上采取人工造雨的方法,降低水体表层水温;该人工造雨是采用移动式或者固定式的消防船、喷水器或者表面曝气机将水体中下部或者底部的水体与/或底泥吸取后喷至水体表面。该方法设计简单,操作方便,可适合用大面积的水域。

Description

一种蓝藻的防治方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种藻类的防治方法, 特别是一种蓝藻的防治方法。
背景技术
水体的富营养化导致的蓝藻暴发所引起的环境问题己越来越引起社会的 重视, 但经多方努力却效果有限。 蓝藻防治问题依然严峻。
与所有植物一样, 藻类生长也需要合适的外在客观条件, 具体到藻类, 制约水体中的藻类生长的客观要素为光照、 营养氮、 磷元素、 温度以及水体 的氧含量。
纵观国内外控制蓝藻爆发的措施概括起来主要有以下几种, 现在一一介 绍并评价其不足或失误之处:
一、 生物防治法。 蓝藻是淡水鱼类的食物, 因此可以通过投放此类鱼苗 治理藻类, 防止藻类暴发。 蓝藻本身就是淡水鱼的食物, 但是如果水华污染 严重, 鱼类无法生长, 形不上大量种群, 有效但没法控制大规模的蓝藻爆发。
二、 生物浮床法。 利用吸附藻类的植物和其他生物控制水体中的营养物 质, 抑制藻类过量繁殖, 从而建立生态平衡系统。 实施生物操纵技术和人工 浮岛技术, 用人工方法让水上长出美人蕉、 水葫芦、 旱伞草等等水生植物, 这样既可以净化水体, 又能美化环境。 但该方法只能适合部分水域。
三、 械捞法。 这是最原始和传统的办法, 即用人力将蓝藻连水带藻一起 捞出, 在无锡水源口就是采取这个办法。 为了提高速度, 也有人发明了自动 金属膜过滤器, 在动力船缓慢行驶过程中, 通过金属膜不停转动, 把所有蓝 藻都打捞上船, 打捞速度是人工的上千倍。 在打捞过程中, 增加了絮凝、 沉 降、 气浮、 推流、 收藻多功能。 国外发明了新型收藻船, 以处理和预防可能 产生的蓝藻。 优点是打捞彻底, 缺点是对于大面积蓝藻治理仍难奏效, 标不 治本, 并且耗资巨大。 四、 化学法。 即用化学药物杀灭方法, 一般用硫酸铜。 早期海洋赤潮治 理也常用硫酸铜, 效果较好。 但二价铜离子对生物幼体的变态具有致畸性, 并 引起饵料藻类的严重脱落; 同时,硫酸铜具有毒性, 能破坏水体正常的生态系 五、 微生物菌除藻。 自然状态活性污泥中的有益菌种进行菌群筛选、 分 离出来, 喷雾干燥后获得高密度菌粉, 再通过工厂化大规模生产, 附着到专 利填料上, 形成高效处理系统。 有人在上海试验段, 河道治理前水体呈暗黑 色, 水体富营养化现象严重, 没有水生动植物生长。 经过 12天治理, 夏长浦 河治理试验段水质明显改善, 水体清澈无异味。 该方法成本高, 风险没有评 估, 且不易操作, 不适合大面积推广。
六、 高强磁灭藻。 在磁场强度为 3700Gs的高强磁水处理器的作用下, 水 体中藻类数量由 50万个 /mL降到 5万个 /mL, 蓝藻基本消除; 水体溶氧量和 透明度分别由原来的 2.40mg/L、 40cm提高到 7.20mg/L、 75cm, 水体质量明 显改善。 这个方法的缺陷是成本高, 不能对大范围蓝藻进行处理, 无对天然 水体实际操作性。
七、 工程疏浚法。 即引入活水, 如长江水, 利用大水量将蓝藻连同发臭 的湖水冲进海洋。 特点是能够对大面积蓝藻进行治理, 缺点是没有从根本上 治理, 是将污染转移到别的地方。 不宜大规模提倡。 同时如果引入的水质也 是富营养水的话, 一旦稳定下来, 又会发生蓝藻爆发事件, 且耗资巨大。
八、 控磷。 控制进入湖库的污染源、 打捞底泥, 降低水体的总磷浓度。 其缺点是: 短时间难以达到目的, 耗资巨大。
上述大部分治理方法都是在末端上治理, 是治标不治本的下策。 滇池污 染花费 48亿失败的治理, 就说明上述人工治理措施都是非常局限的。 尽管采 取以邻为壑的做法, 引长江水冲洗太湖或巢湖, 将污染一冲了之, 可以得到 暂时的缓解, 那仅是将污染转移到近海而已, 由蓝藻变成褐藻, 由水华变成 赤潮, 最终污染没有治理, 反而愈演愈烈。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足, 提供一种方法更为 合理、 可操作性强、 操作简便成本低的蓝藻的防治方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过以下的技术方案来实现的。 本发明是 一种蓝藻的防治方法, 其特点是: 在水体上采取人工造雨的方法, 降低水体 表层水温; 所述的人工造雨是将水体中下部或者底部的水体与 /或底泥吸取后 喷至水体表面。
本发明所述的蓝藻的防治方法技术方案中, 进一步优选的技术方案或者 技术特征是:
1、 所述的人工造雨方法优选为: 采用移动式或者固定式的消防船、 喷水 器或者表面曝气机在水体上进行人工造雨, 只要能将中下层的相对低温水体 与 /或低泥吸出并喷至水体表面上的设备均可适用于本发明的人工造雨。
2、 优选当日最高气温达到 32°C以上时, 在水体上采取人工造雨。
3、 优选当日最高气温达到 33 °C以上时, 在水体上采取人工造雨。
4、优选当水体表层 20-30cm的水温达到 25°C以上时, 在水体上采取人工 造雨。
与现有技术相比, 本发明方法具有以下优点:
1、本发明方法通过吸取中下层水体与 /或底泥再通过人工造雨的方式喷洒 到水体表面播撒, 人工造成水体的浑浊。 这么做的好处一是水体浑浊后, 阳 光再强, 其穿透能力也极其有限, 没有阳光, 藻类的生产能力就极其有限, 从而起到控制藻类过度生长的目的。 二是可以利用水体底泥的吸附能力吸附 水体藻类细胞, 沉降到水底, 短时间内极大的降低水体的藻类浓度从而遏制 其爆发的趋势, 三是降低水体表层水的温度。 采取本发明方法后, 水体的藻 类大幅度减少。
2、 使用移动式或者固定式的消防船、 喷水器或者表面曝气机,'可以实现 一定的水体流动, 利用水体的表层与底层温差, 来降低表层水体的温度, 从 而失去水体蓝绿藻的生长条件, 蓝藻不会过度繁殖, 因而不会形成蓝藻暴发。
3、 本发明方法设计简单, 操作方便, 可行性高, 成本低, 容易推广, 可 适合用大面积的水域。 本发明方法可以适用湖库和海洋等水域。
具体实施方式
以下进一步描述本发明的具体技术方案, 以便于本领域的技术人员进一 步地理解本发明, 而不构成对其权利的限制。
实施例 1, 一种蓝藻的防治方法, 在水体上采取人工造雨的方法, 降低水 体表层水温; 所述的人工造雨是将水体中下部或者底部的水体与 /或底泥吸取 后喷至水体表面。
实施例 2, 实施例 1所述的蓝藻的防治方法中: 所述的人工造雨方法为: 采用移动式或者固定式的消防船、 喷水器或者表面曝气机在水体上进行人工 造雨。
实施例 3, 实施例 1或 2所述的蓝藻的防治方法中: 当日最高气温达到 32°C以上时, 在水体上采取人工造雨。
实施例 4, 实施例 1或 2所述的蓝藻的防治方法中: 当日最高气温达到 33°C以上时, 在水体上采取人工造雨。
实施例 5, 实施例 1 或 2 或 3 所述的蓝藻的防治方法中: 当水体表层 20-30cm的水温达到 25°C以上时, 在水体上采取人工造雨。
实施例 6, 蓝藻的防治实验。 2011 年在江苏某易暴发蓝藻湖水中, 使用 在水体上采取人工造雨的方法进行试验, 当水体表层 20-30cm的水温达到 25 °〇以上时, 在水体上采取人工造雨, 降低水体表层水温。 人工造雨使用消防 船进行。 即使夏季日最高气温达到 36°C以上, 该湖水也没有像往年一样暴发 蓝藻。 充分证明了本发明方法的有效性。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 、 一种蓝藻的防治方法, 其特征在于: 在水体上采取人工造雨的方法, 降 低水体表层水温; 所述的人工造雨是将水体中下部或者底部的水体与 / 或底泥吸取后喷至水体表面。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的蓝藻的防治方法, 其特征在于: 所述的人工造雨 方法为: 采用移动式或者固定式的消防船、 喷水器或者表面曝气机在水 体上进行人工造雨。
、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的蓝藻的防治方法, 其特征在于: 当日最高气 温达到 32°C以上时, 在水体上采取人工造雨。
、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的蓝藻的防治方法, 其特征在于: 当日最高气 温达到 33°C以上时, 在水体上采取人工造雨。
、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的蓝藻的防治方法, 其特征在于: 当水体表层 20-30cm的水温达到 25°C以上吋, 在水体上采取人工造雨。
PCT/CN2012/001273 2012-07-05 2012-09-17 一种蓝藻的防治方法 WO2014005253A1 (zh)

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