WO2014001476A2 - Traitement thermique non destructif d'arbres pour arrêter la progression de maladies - Google Patents

Traitement thermique non destructif d'arbres pour arrêter la progression de maladies Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014001476A2
WO2014001476A2 PCT/EP2013/063567 EP2013063567W WO2014001476A2 WO 2014001476 A2 WO2014001476 A2 WO 2014001476A2 EP 2013063567 W EP2013063567 W EP 2013063567W WO 2014001476 A2 WO2014001476 A2 WO 2014001476A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aesculi
bacteria
bacterial
tree
plant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/063567
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2014001476A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Antonius Maria VAN LAMMEREN
Jeroen DE KEIJZER
Matteus Johannes KETELAAR
Alphonsus Joannes VAN KUIK
Original Assignee
Wageningen Universiteit
Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB1211638.0A external-priority patent/GB201211638D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1211710.7A external-priority patent/GB201211710D0/en
Application filed by Wageningen Universiteit, Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek filed Critical Wageningen Universiteit
Priority to EP13732160.0A priority Critical patent/EP2866550A2/fr
Publication of WO2014001476A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014001476A2/fr
Publication of WO2014001476A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014001476A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of phytopathogenic control; more particularly in woody species such as shrubs and trees.
  • aesculi is found as an epiphyte on leaves, flowers and fruits of the host tree [9].
  • the bacterium can adopt an endophytic, pathogenic lifestyle in the presence of small wounds, for example leaf scars or superficial injuries caused by human activities [10,1 1]. Further potential entry points for the bacterium have been shown to include lenticels
  • Wounded plant tissue can lead to desiccation and forms a potential entry point for pathogens. Therefore, it is of importance for plants to separate healthy from disrupted tissues.
  • wounds or infection sites in tree barks can be sealed off by de novo periderm (consisting of phellem, phellogen and phelloderm) formation, which is considered a non-specific defence response [12].
  • periderm consisting of phellem, phellogen and phelloderm
  • Formation of a new periderm layer near infection courts in Aesculus bark has been observed, but appeared ineffective in preventing (further) bacterial invasion [4,11].
  • cell wall reinforcing components are deposited by existing cells near wounds in many tree species [13-16].
  • lignin and suberin are found as widespread components of initial wound-repair and may function in preventing water loss and further tissue collapse [13].
  • lignin and suberin are found as widespread components of initial wound-repair and may function in preventing water loss and further tissue collapse [13].
  • For horse chestnut the timing and nature of such structural cell wall reinforcements in a wound boundary zone have not been described and its possible role in preventing the development of bleeding disease is unknown.
  • the present invention provides a method for the prevention or control of bacterial infection of tree species, comprising exposing a tree species or part thereof to a temperature not less than about 39°C for a period of time of 48 hours or more.
  • the method provides a practical approach to treatment of woody species in situ.
  • the invention provides a method for the prevention or control of bacterial infection of tree species, wherein the temperature is maintained substantially constant during the period of exposure. In preferred methods the temperature is maintained at 39°C for a period of 48 hours.
  • the tree species, part thereof or seed may be exposed to the temperature by conductive heat transfer from an heat source; and/or radiative heat transfer from an heat source; optionally there being two or more sources of heat.
  • the heat source may be lamps (e.g. infra-red lamps), hot air blowers, radiators, heated bars or coils and/or tubes filled with hot air, liquids or gels.
  • lamps e.g. infra-red lamps
  • the plant part or branch or trunk may be coated or painted with a radiation adsorptive layer which for aesthetic reasons of treating trees e.g. in parks and gardens is preferably removable, e.g. matt black paint which is preferably water soluble.
  • the tree species or part thereof treatable by the method may be exposed to the temperature for the period of time by (a) placing the tree species or part thereof or seed into a temperature controlled chamber; and/or (b) placing an heat source in direct contact with at least a portion of a woody part of the tree.
  • the source of heat may be a flexible linear heating element wound around the circumference of the woody part.
  • the flexible linear heating element is a fluid filled tube and heated fluid is pumped through the tube.
  • Temperature sensors may be used to control the supply of heated fluid to the heating elements to achieve substantially uniform temperatures for the desired length of time.
  • bacterial infections treatable by the method can include but are not limited to infections caused by bacterial species selected from the following list; Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorumplum in plum (Prunus domestica) or cherry (Prunus avium), Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi (e.g. Pseudomonas savastanoi) in olive (Olea europaea), Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) or Golden Kiwi (A. chinensis), Xanthomonas citri pv.
  • citri i.e. Xanthomonas axonopoulos pv. citri
  • Citrus spp. or Citrus hybrids Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in laurel cherry or bay cherry (Prunus laurocerasus), peach (Prunus persica) or almond (Prunus amygdalus), Erwinia pyrifoliae in Asian pear tree (Pyrus pyrifolia) or Pyrus communis or Erwinia amylovora in species of subfamily Maloideae (family Rosaceae).
  • the bacterial infection is caused by Pseudomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp. or Erwinia spp. and more particularly, is Pseudomonas sp. infection of Aesculus spp.
  • the bacterial infection is Pseudomonas syringae; preferably Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi infection of Aesculus hippocastanum.
  • the plant or plant part may exhibit Horse Chestnut Bleeding Disease.
  • Plants or plant parts obtainable by the method described may be free of viable bacterial pathogen.
  • Aesculus hippocastanum, a part thereof or seed obtainable by the method herein described are substantially free of viable Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi.
  • the present invention also provides an apparatus for heating a woody tree or branch comprising a fiexible heating element connectable to a power or heat source, characterised in that in a first position prior to application in use to a tree or branch the fiexible heating element is substantially linear, and in a second position in use the fiexible heating element is substantially in the form of a coil around and in intimate contact with a circumferential portion of the tree trunk or a branch.
  • Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi strains (listed in table 1) were grown in Lysogeny Broth (LB; [47]) at 28 °C and 180 rpm. E. coli strains (Table 1) were routinely cultured in LB at 37 °C and 225 rpm. Plasmid pMP4655 (obtained from the Department of Molecular Microbiology, Leiden University; Table 1) was introduced in E.coli DH5a and GM119 by electroporation. Antibiotics were added in the following concentrations unless stated otherwise: tetracycline, 40 ⁇ g/mL; carbenicillin, 100 ⁇ g/mL and kanamycin, 50 ⁇ g/mL. Strains were stored at -80 °C for long-term conservation.
  • Transformation of P. s. pv. aesculi by triparental conjugation The two E. coli donor strains harbouring pMP4655, helper strain cel40 containing pRK2013 and recipient P. s. pv. aesculi strains were grown until late log phase. Antibiotics present in the initial culture medium were first removed by collecting cells at 1,000 x g for 5 min and resuspending them in their original culture volume of LB. All cultures were pelleted again and resuspended in 3% of their original culture volume of LB.
  • Cb carbenicillin
  • Km Kanamycin
  • Tc Tetracycline
  • Tra conjugal transfer functions
  • Plant cultivation and inoculation For the analysis of the early defence response and bacterial invasion upon inoculation, experiments were conducted with one and two-year old horse chestnut (A. hippocastanum) seedlings. Plants were maintained at room temperature under natural light in containers with 5 L potting soil and watered weekly. Experiments were repeated three times. Eight plants in total were inoculated at various sites on the stem for sampling in time, two inoculations at opposite sides of the stem. At each sample moment (see 'Sampling, fixation and sectioning ' ') one set of opposite inoculation sites was removed. Plants were either mock-inoculated as a control (3 plants in total) or inoculated with P. s. pv. aesculi (5 plants in total).
  • a superficial wound was inflicted on a surface sterilized part of the stem by making a small (2-3mm), diagonal cut with a downward angle using a sterile razorblade. Care was taken not to cut deeper than the cambial zone.
  • These wounds were inoculated by pipetting 5 of sterile PBS or 5 PBS containing 10 cfu/mL P. s. pv. aesculi PD4818 into the wound fissure.
  • Infection experiments with GFP expressing bacteria were performed on three separate occasions in climate cells using 6 two-year old horse chestnut seedlings maintained at 21 °C, 70-90 % RH and a 16 h light, 8 h dark cycle. Plants were sampled after 4 and 6 weeks to examine in planta behaviour of bacteria, and monitored over a period of 8 weeks.
  • samples of stem were removed from the inoculated seedlings around the original inoculation site at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 14 days after inoculation. For investigation of later stages, samples were taken at 2, 3, 4, 10 and 18 weeks after inoculation.
  • the sampled pieces of stem were fixed in 4% w/v paraformaldehyde, 0.05% v/v glutaraldehyde and 0.01% v/v Triton X-100 in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) by vacuum infiltration (10 kPa).
  • Sections were washed in PBS for 10 min, incubated in 0.1M hydroxyl-ammoniumchloride for 30 min and washed again in PBS for 5 min. Sections were blocked in 0.5% w/v Bovine Serum Albumin Fraction V (Sigma- Aldrich) for 30 min and rinsed twice with PBS for 15 min. Samples were incubated overnight at 4 °C in anti-PRIl -FITC diluted 1 :600 or 1 : 1200 in PBS, washed twice for 15 min and twice for 30 min in PBS. The sections were finally mounted on slides in glycerol Citifluor AF2 for microscopic observation. For vitality assessments liquid grown bacteria were stained with propidium iodide (Sigma) at a final concentration of 5 ⁇ for 5 min in the dark.
  • P. s. pv. aesculi PD4818 and its pMP4655 harbouring derivative were cultured at 20 °C in either LB or minimal medium containing 20 mM NaCl, 20 mM phosphate buffer, 10 mM (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , 5 mM MgS0 4 , 10 mM fructose and 10 mM mannitol (pH 6.1) [50,51]. After 2-3 days, cultures were observed by fluorescence microscopy as described above or prepared for scanning electron microscopy by fixing 1 mL samples with 3% v/v glutaraldehyde dissolved in the appropriate medium.
  • Cultures of 125 mL of P. s. pv. aesculi PD4818 were either grown in duplo in minimal medium for 5 days or in minimal medium for 3 days and then under salt stress (0.4 M NaCl in minimal medium) for 2 days. Cultures were centrifuged for 15 min (10,000 x g, RT) and three volumes of ice cold ethanol were added to the supernatant to precipitate the extracellular material o/n at 4 °C. The precipitate was collected after centrifugation (30 min, 10,000 x g, 4 °C) and subsequently dialyzed o/n (Medicell Visking, MWCO 12,000-14,000 Da) against dH 2 0.
  • the amount of uronic acids was determined using the m-hydroxydiphenyl assay as described by Blumenkrantz and Asboe-Hansen [52] and galacturonic acid was used as standard.
  • the sugar composition was determined in more detail by High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography (HPAEC) using an ICS-3000 Ion Chromatography HPLC system equipped with a CarboPac PA-1 column (2 x 250 mm) in combination with a CarboPac PA guard column (2 x 25 mm) and a pulsed electrochemical detector in pulsed amperometric detection mode (Dionex). A flow rate of 0.3 mL min 1 was used and the column was equilibrated with 16 mM NaOH.
  • HPAEC High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography
  • EXAMPLE 1 Lignin and suberin are deposited near the wound boundary
  • bacteria were applied to small wounds inflicted on the stems of A. hippocastanum seedlings. The method of wounding did not cause irrecoverable damage, since mock inoculated wounds showed generation of a new periderm confluent with the existing one within 3 months (Fig. IB upper panel). Inoculated wounds did not exhibit such a recovery (Fig. IB lower panel).
  • lignin is a major component of the early wound repair responses in A. hippocastanum bark.
  • lignin another histological compound with autofluorescent properties that could potentially be of importance in the barrier lining the wound is suberin [13,14,17].
  • Sudan IV stained sections were observed under fluorescence conditions whereupon suberin lamellae appeared in dim red, while lignin autofluorescence was unaltered (See materials and methods).
  • Fig. 1E/F From the sixth day after inoculation and onwards suberin was found as a lamella against the cell wall of the cells that exhibited lignification earlier (Fig. 1E/F). The deposition was uniform and did not occlude pit fields (Fig. 1G), supporting that the lining of lignified and suberized cells around the wound perimeter functions in sealing off the wound from healthy tissues.
  • the effectiveness of the cellular response in restraining pathogen invasion after wounding can be assessed when related to observations on bacterial proliferation.
  • immunolabelling the spread of inoculated P. s. pv. aesculi was monitored. During the first 2 days after inoculation, the bacteria were still mainly localized on the wound surface, with some individual bacteria present several cell layers deeper (data not shown). At the fourth day after inoculation several scattered bacteria were found behind the developing barrier zone. These first signs of bacterial ingress were clearly discernible in samples taken 6 days post inoculation, in which small clusters of bacterial cells were found in intercellular spaces of parenchyma cells, evidently inward from the lignified and suberized lining (Fig. 2A, arrowheads). Besides the colonization of living tissues, bacterial clusters remained in the wound fissure (Fig. 2 A, arrows).
  • EXAMPLE 4 P. syringae pv. aesculi is embedded in an extracellular matrix in planta
  • alginate was the predominant polysaccharide in the extracellular material produced by P. s. pv. aesculi under salt stress.
  • Previous studies point to the possible additional presence of glucuronic acid [22] which elutes approximately at the same time as mannuronic acid.
  • glucuronic acid [22] which elutes approximately at the same time as mannuronic acid.
  • rhamnose and glucose although at lower concentrations than alginate, were identified (Fig. 6). Minor traces of an unidentified sugar were also present.
  • Alginate is often found to be produced by plant pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. when associated with their host [23-25]. Its secretion aids in retaining water and is thereby thought to contribute to bacterial colonization and symptom development [26].
  • the ability of P. s. pv. aesculi to produce alginate was further supported by the presence of genes associated with its biosynthesis and regulation thereof as screened in silico. Sequence data of P. s. pv. aesculi strain 2250 [8] indicated that this strain has a full repertoire of genes encoding alginate biosynthesis and regulatory proteins with close homology to these of P. s. pv. tomato DC3000 (Table IB). Furthermore, most of the genes predicted to function in biosynthesis were found to be arranged in the canonical alginate biosynthesis operon structure [27].
  • Alg8 alginate biosynthesis protein Alg8 ZP " 06478556 493 97%
  • Alg44 alginate biosynthesis protein Alg44 ZP " 06478557 390 92%
  • AlgE alginate biosynthesis protein AlgE ZP " 06478559 493 97%
  • AlgG alginate biosynthesis protein AlgG ZP " 06478560 536 92%
  • AlgX alginate biosynthesis protein AlgX ZP " 06478561 479 97%
  • Algl alginate biosynthesis protein Algl ZP " 06478563 518 97%
  • AlgJ alginate biosynthesis protein AlgJ ZP " 06478564 391 95%
  • AlgQ anti-R A polymerase sigma 70 ZP 06477758 157 96%
  • the barrier sometimes seemed a bit more faint near invading bacteria, hinting at pathogen-mediated degeneration (Fig. 2A). This could be facilitated by the various pathways for degradation of lignin-related compounds uncovered in the P. s. pv aesculi genome [8]. Although not determinative in restraining P. s. pv. aesculi invasion, presence of the observed barrier might still serve a beneficial, protective role. For instance, it could prevent water and mineral flow towards the bacteria, prevent diffusion of bacterial toxins and effectors to healthy plant tissues, reduce tissue digestibility and give rigidity, preventing further tissue collapse.
  • Fig. 3D The bacterial cells found near the forefront of expanding infections were small and densely clustered.
  • disease symptoms on the cellular level included occasional colonization of single phloem/cortex parenchyma cells by a large bacterial cluster (Fig. 2B, J).
  • Fig. 2B, J The bacterial accumulations might be important in the infection process, since expression of pathogenic traits often requires a certain, quorum sensing coordinated, cell density [32]. That such a quorum sensing system may act within the observed bacterial clusters in horse chestnut tissues is supported by the quorum size described for P. syringae (down to -20 individuals [33]) and the ability of Indian P. s. pv. aesculi to produce N-acyl- homoserine lactones [34].
  • the observed matrix may play a direct role in pathogenicity.
  • One such function may be the suppression of host defence
  • thermal treatment may be a feasible, non-invasive control method employable for disease management on a larger scale.
  • a potential issue with applying heat-treatment under field conditions could lie in differences in temperature sensitivity that may occur among various isolates, as is reported for Erwinia amylovora [44].
  • the extremely high genetic homogeneity among UK P. s. pv. aesculi isolates [8] implies that variation in heat-resistance among bacterial strains is minimal, suggesting heat-treatment of A. hippocastanum may be a widely applicable method.
  • A Typical symptoms of P. syringae pv. aesculi associated bleeding disease observed on the trunk of an A. carnea tree, including bleeding of amber coloured sap and cracking of the bark (arrowheads). Photo taken in Sept. 2008 at N51° 57' 26"; E5° 34' 10".
  • B Appearance of surface wounds on A. hippocastanum seedlings mock-inoculated (top panel) or inoculated with P. s. pv. aesculi PD5126 (bottom panel) after 3 months. While the seedling bark recovers when mock-inoculated by regeneration of periderm, the wounded tissue appears blackened and sunken when inoculated with P. s. pv. aesculi.
  • L-N Longitudinal sections of the cambium region with bacteria in intercellular spaces of phloem parenchyma (L), ray parenchyma (M) and along phloem fibres (N), 3 weeks after inoculation.
  • O P. s. pv. aesculi in intercellular spaces observed in a transversal section of the cambial zone at 4 weeks after inoculation.
  • R-T Transversal sections of enclosures surrounded by periderm with bacteria ex planta at 4, 10 and 18 weeks after inoculation respectively.
  • Figure 3 Behaviour of GFP-expressing P. syringae in planta
  • A An A. hippocastanum seedling inoculated with strain PD4818-pMP4655 photographed after 2 months shows vertical lesion expansion (up to 6 cm in length) and tissue necrosis after removal of the outer tissues of the bark. The inoculation site is indicated with an arrowhead. Note the bending of the infection around the lower node. The scale bar indicates 1 cm.
  • Figure 4 A fibrillar matrix produced in vitro by P. s. pv. aesculi enwraps aggregates of immobilized bacteria.
  • FIG. 5 Growth of two Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi strains and their GFP-expressing derivatives. Overnight cultures of P. s. pv. aesculi PD4818, PD5126 and their derived transformants harbouring pMP4655 were diluted to an OD 6 oo of 0.005 in fresh LB. The optical density at 600 nm of the cultures was recorded during growth at 28 °C and 180 rpm. The presented values are means ( ⁇ standard deviation) of three replicates and an asterisk indicates significant differences as determined with Students 2-tailed t-test (P ⁇ 0.001).
  • FIG. 6 High performance anion exchange chromatography of acid hydro lysed extracellular polysaccharide of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi PD4818 cultivated without (A) and with salt stress (B) and acid hydrolysed alginate from Laminaria hyperborea (C) and Macrocystis pyrifera (D). Each subsequent plot has been shifted 2.4 minutes for clarity.
  • the marked peaks represent: I, Rhamnose; II, Unidentified compound; III, Glucose; IV, Degradation pattern of alginate (guluronic acid and mannuronic acid).
  • Figure 7 shows a young A. hippocastanum branch undergoing heat treatment in a climate chamber.
  • Figure 8 shows a mature A. hippocastanum tree undergoing heat treatment outside using hoses transporting water at 40°C, wrapped around the trunk.
  • Woodward S, Pocock S (1996) Formation of the ligno-suberized barrier zone and wound periderm in four species of European broad-leaved trees. European Journal of Forest Pathology 26: 97-105.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le traitement thermique non destructif d'arbres pour arrêter la progression de maladies. Certaines espèces bactériennes sont des pathogènes majeurs des arbres. L'établissement, la croissance et la qualité des arbres peuvent être affectés par l'apparition de ces maladies. Les arbres infectés présentent une nécrose importante du phloème et du cambium, qui peut conduire au final à un dépérissement terminal. L'emplacement endophytique et la capacité de ces pathogènes à créer une matrice protectrice les rend difficilement accessibles aux agents de lutte. La présente invention concerne des procédés et des appareils pour lutter contre ou stopper des infections bactériennes dans des arbres par un traitement thermique comprenant l'incubation de plantes ou de parties de plantes à environ 39 °C pendant une durée non inférieure à 48 heures.
PCT/EP2013/063567 2012-06-29 2013-06-27 Traitement thermique non destructif d'arbres pour arrêter la progression de maladies WO2014001476A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13732160.0A EP2866550A2 (fr) 2012-06-29 2013-06-27 Traitement thermique non destructif d'arbres pour arrêter la progression de maladies

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1211638.0 2012-06-29
GBGB1211638.0A GB201211638D0 (en) 2012-06-29 2012-06-29 Heat treatment of tree and shrubs to stop or ameliorate progression of bacterial diseases
GB1211710.7 2012-07-02
GBGB1211710.7A GB201211710D0 (en) 2012-07-02 2012-07-02 Heat treatment of trees and shrubs to stop or ameliorate progression of bacterial diseases

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014001476A2 true WO2014001476A2 (fr) 2014-01-03
WO2014001476A3 WO2014001476A3 (fr) 2014-03-20

Family

ID=48700584

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2013/063567 WO2014001476A2 (fr) 2012-06-29 2013-06-27 Traitement thermique non destructif d'arbres pour arrêter la progression de maladies

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2866550A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014001476A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101577529B1 (ko) 2014-04-07 2015-12-17 순천대학교 산학협력단 참다래 궤양병균 검출용 키트 및 상기 키트를 이용한 참다래 궤양병의 진단방법
WO2017029373A1 (fr) * 2015-08-18 2017-02-23 Rede Investments Bv Procédé de réduction de pathogènes

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR35295E (fr) * 1928-01-17 1929-12-31 Appareil pour échauder les vignes, arbres et autres plantes
WO2006021225A1 (fr) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-02 Hartwig Pollinger Procede et dispositif pour traiter des chenes-lieges

Non-Patent Citations (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ASLAM SN; NEWMAN M; ERBS G; MORRISSEY KL; CHINCHILLA D ET AL.: "Bacterial polysaccharides suppress induced innate immunity by calcium chelation", CURRENT BIOLOGY, vol. 18, 2008, pages 1078 - 1083
BASSETT CL; JANISIEWICZ WJ: "Electroporation and stable maintenance of plasmid DNAs in a biocontrol strain of Pseudomonas svringae", BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 25, 2003, pages 199 - 203
BERTANI G: "Studies on lysogenesis. I. The mode of phage liberation by lysogenic Escherichia coli", JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, vol. 62, 1951, pages 293 - 300
BIGGS AR: "Prediction of lignin and suberin deposition in boundary zone tissue of wounded tree bark using accumulated degree days", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, vol. 111, 1986, pages 757 - 760
BIGGS AR: "Suberized boundary zones and the chronology of wound response in tree bark", PHYTOPATHOLOGY, vol. 75, 1985, pages 1191 - 1195
BLOEMBERG GV; WIJFJES AHM; LAMERS GEM; STUURMAN N; LUGTENBERG BJJ: "Simultaneous imaging of Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 populations expressing three different autofluorescent proteins in the rhizosphere: New perspectives for studying microbial communities", MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, vol. 13, 2000, pages 1170 - 1176
BLUMENKRANTZ N; ASBOE-HANSEN G: "New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids", ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 54, 1973, pages 484 - 489
BRASIER CM; STROUTS RG: "New records of Phytophthora on trees in Britain: I. Phytophthora root rot and bleeding canker of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY, vol. 6, 1976, pages 129 - 136
BULTREYS A; GHEYSEN I; PLANCHON V ET AL.: "Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens - Identification, Epidemiology and Genomics", 2008, SPRINGER, article "Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from diseased horse chestnut trees in Belgium", pages: 283 - 293
CHANG W; VAN DE MORTEL M; NIELSEN L; NINO DE GUZMAN G; LI X ET AL.: "Alginate production by Pseudomonas putida creates a hydrated microenvironment and contributes to biofilm architecture and stress tolerance under water-limiting conditions", JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, vol. 189, 2007, pages 8290 - 8299
CHITNIS CE; OHMAN DE: "Genetic analysis of the alginate biosynthetic gene cluster of Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows evidence of an operonic structure", MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 8, 1993, pages 583 - 590
DENNY TP: "Involvement of bacterial polysaccharides in plant pathogenesis", ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, vol. 33, 1995, pages 173 - 197
DIJKSHOORN-DEKKER MWC: "Behoud de kastanje, Deel 2", APPLIED PLANT RESEARCH, 2008
DIJKSHOORN-DEKKER MWC: "Red de kastanje voor Nederland", APPLIED PLANT RESEARCH, 2005
DIJKSHOORN-DEKKER MWC; VAN OS GJ: "Behoud de kastanje, Deel 3", APPLIED PLANT RESEARCH, 2009
DULLA G; LINDOW SE: "Quorum size of Pseudomonas syringae is small and dictated by water availability on the leaf surface", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 105, 2008, pages 3082 - 3087
DURGAPAL JC; SINGH B: "Taxonomy of pseudomonads pathogenic to horse-chestnut, wild fig and wild cherry in India", INDIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGY, vol. 33, 1980, pages 533 - 535
ELASRI M; DELORME S; LEMANCEAU P; STEWART G; LAUE B ET AL.: "Acyl-homoserine lactone production is more common among plant-associated Pseudomonas spp. than among soilborne Pseudomonas spp", APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 67, 2001, pages 1198 - 1209
FETT WF; DUNN MF: "Exopolysaccharides produced by phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pathovars in infected leaves of susceptible hosts", PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 89, 1989, pages 5 - 9
FETT WF; OSMAN SF; FISHMAN ML; SIEBLES TS: "Alginate production by plant- pathogenic pseudomonads", APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 52, 1986, pages 466 - 473
FIGURSKI DH; HELINSKI DR: "Replication of an origin-containing derivative of plasmid RK2 dependent on a plasmid function provided in trans", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, USA, vol. 76, 1979, pages 1648 - 1652
GARROD B; LEWIS BG; BRITTAIN MJ; DAVIES WP: "Studies on the contribution of lignin and suberin to the impedance of wounded carrot root tissue to fungal invasion", NEW PHYTOLOGIST, vol. 90, 1982, pages 99 - 108
GREEN S; LAUE B; FOSSDAL CG; A'HARA SW; COTTRELL JE: "Infection of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi and its detection by quantitative real-time PCR", PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 58, 2009, pages 731 - 744
GREEN S; STUDHOLME DJ; LAUE BE; DORATI F; LOVELL H ET AL.: "Comparative genome analysis provides insights into the evolution and adaptation of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi on European horse chestnut", PLOS ONE 5, vol. 5, 2010, pages E10224
HANAHAN D: "Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids", JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 166, 1983, pages 557 - 580
HARNIK TY; MEJIA-CHANG M; LEWIS J; GARBELOTTO M: "Efficacy of heat-based treatments in eliminating the recovery of the sudden oak death pathogen (Phytophthora ramorum) from infected california bay laurel leaves", HORTSCIENCE, vol. 39, 2004, pages 1677 - 1680
HEEB S; ITOH Y; NISHIJYO T; SCHNIDER U; KEEL C ET AL.: "Small, stable shuttle vectors based on the minimal pVSl replicon for use in gram-negative, plant associated bacteria", MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, vol. 13, 2000, pages 232 - 237
HUYNH TV; DAHLBECK D; STASKAWICZ BJ: "Bacterial blight of soybean: regulation of a pathogen gene determining host cultivar specificity", SCIENCE, vol. 245, 1989, pages 1374 - 1377
KECK M; CHARTIER R; ZISLAVSKY W; LECOMTE P; PAULIN P: "Heat treatment of plant propagation material for the control of fire blight", PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 44, 1995, pages 124 - 129
KEITH LMW; BENDER CL: "AlgT (a 22) controls alginate production and tolerance to environmental stress in Pseudomonas syringae", JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, vol. 181, 1999, pages 7176 - 7184
KENNELLY MM; CAZORLA FM; DE VICENTE A; RAMOS C; SUNDIN GW: "Pseudomonas syringae diseases of fruit trees; Progress towards understanding and control", PLANT DISEASE, vol. 91, 2007, pages 4 - 16
LAUE H; SCHENK A; LI H; LAMBERTSEN L; NEU TR ET AL.: "Contribution of alginate and levan production to biofilm formation by Pseudomonas syringae", MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 152, 2006, pages 2909 - 2918
MACKAY JM; SHIPTON PJ: "Heat treatment of seed tubers for control of potato blackleg (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica) and other diseases", PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 32, 1983, pages 385 - 393
MULLICK DB: "The non-specific nature of defence in bark and wood during wounding, insect and pathogen attack", RECENT ADVANCES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY, vol. 11, 1977, pages 395 - 441
OSMAN SF; FETT WF; FISHMAN ML: "Exopolysaccharides of the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv", GLYCINEA. JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, vol. 166, 1986, pages 66 - 71
PENALOZA-VAZQUEZ A; FAKHR MK; BAILEY AM; BENDER CL: "AlgR functions in algC expression and virulence in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae", MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 150, 2004, pages 2727 - 2737
QUINONES B; DULLA G; LINDOW S: "Quorum sensing regulates exopolysaccharide production, motility, and virulence in Pseudomonas syringae", MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, vol. 18, 2005, pages 682 - 693
RIDE JP: "Lignification in wounded wheat leaves in response to fungi and its possible role in resistance", PHYSIOLOGICAL PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 5, 1975, pages 125 - 134
RITTINGER PA; BIGGS AR; PEIRSON DR: "Histochemistry of lignin and suberin deposition in boundary layers formed after wounding in various plant species and organs", CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, vol. 65, 1987, pages 1886 - 1892
RODRIGUEZ-MORENO L; JIMENEZ AJ; RAMOS C: "Endopathogenic lifestyle of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv savastanoi in olive knots", MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 2, 2009, pages 476 - 488
RUDOLPH KWE; GROSS M; EBRAHIM-NESBAT F; NOLLENBURG M; ZOMORODIAN A ET AL.: "Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Virulence", 1994, DORDRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, article "The role of extracellular polysaccharide as virulence factors for phytopathogenic pseudomonads and xanthomonads", pages: 357 - 378
SCHMIDT 0; DUJESIEFKEN D; STOBBE H; MORETH U; KEHR R ET AL.: "Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi associated with horse chestnut bleeding canker in Germany", FOREST PATHOLOGY, vol. 38, 2008, pages 124 - 128
SCHOUTEN HJ: "A possible role in pathogenesis for the swelling of extracellular slime of Erwinia amylovora at increasing water potential", NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 95, 1989, pages 169 - 174
SCHULTE R; BONAS U: "A Xanthomonas pathogenicity locus is induced by sucrose and sulfur-containing amino acids", PLANT CELL, vol. 4, 1992, pages 79 - 86
See also references of EP2866550A2
SHIGO AL: "Compartmentalization: A conceptual framework for understanding how trees grow and defend themselves", ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, vol. 22, 1984, pages 189 - 214
SIMARD M; RIOUX D; LAFLAMME G: "Formation of ligno-suberized tissues in jack pine resistant to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina", PHYTOPATHOLOGY, vol. 91, 2001, pages 1128 - 1240
STEELE H; LAUE BE; MACASKILL GA; HENDRY SJ; GREEN S: "Analysis of the natural infection of European horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi", PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 59, 2010, pages 1005 - 1013
STUURMAN N; PACIOS BRAS C; SCHLAMAN HRM; WIJFJES AHM; BLOEMBERG GV ET AL.: "Use of green fluorescent protein color variants expressed on stable broad-host-range vectors to visualize rhizobia interacting with plants", MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, vol. 13, 2000, pages 1163 - 1169
WEBBER JF; PARKINSON NM; ROSE J; STANFORD H; COOK RTA ET AL.: "Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi causing bleeding canker of horse chestnut in the UK", PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 57, 2008, pages 368
WOODWARD S; POCOCK S: "Formation of the ligno-suberized barrier zone and wound periderm in four species of European broad-leaved trees", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY, vol. 26, 1996, pages 97 - 105
YU J; PENALOZA-VAZQUEZ A; CHAKRABARTY AM; BENDER CL: "Involvement of the exopolysaccharide alginate in the virulence and epiphytic fitness of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae", MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 33, 1999, pages 712 - 720
ZAMSKI E; SHTIENBERG D; BLACHINSKY D: "The role of ooze exudation in the migration of Erwinia amylovora cells in pear trees infected by fire blight", ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES, vol. 54, 2006, pages 301 - 307

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101577529B1 (ko) 2014-04-07 2015-12-17 순천대학교 산학협력단 참다래 궤양병균 검출용 키트 및 상기 키트를 이용한 참다래 궤양병의 진단방법
WO2017029373A1 (fr) * 2015-08-18 2017-02-23 Rede Investments Bv Procédé de réduction de pathogènes
NL2015316B1 (en) * 2015-08-18 2017-03-07 Rede Invest B V Method for treating pests and/or infections.
CN108135139A (zh) * 2015-08-18 2018-06-08 里德投资公司 用于减少病原体的方法
US20180242532A1 (en) * 2015-08-18 2018-08-30 Rede Investments B.V. Method for Reducing Pathogens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2866550A2 (fr) 2015-05-06
WO2014001476A3 (fr) 2014-03-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
An et al. Mechanistic insights into host adaptation, virulence and epidemiology of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas
Cleary et al. Light and scanning electron microscopy studies of the early infection stages of H ymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus on F raxinus excelsior
Travadon et al. Susceptibility of cultivated and wild Vitis spp. to wood infection by fungal trunk pathogens
Brodersen et al. Xylem vessel relays contribute to radial connectivity in grapevine stems (Vitis vinifera and V. arizonica; Vitaceae)
Renzi et al. Bacterial canker on kiwifruit in Italy: anatomical changes in the wood and in the primary infection sites
Bishop et al. An ultrastructural study of vascular colonization in three vascular wilt diseases I. Colonization of susceptible cultivars
Ghanem et al. Mucilage and polysaccharides in the halophyte plant species Kosteletzkya virginica: localization and composition in relation to salt stress
Centeno et al. Contrasting strategies used by lichen microalgae to cope with desiccation–rehydration stress revealed by metabolite profiling and cell wall analysis
Appezzato-da-Glória et al. Underground systems of Asteraceae species from the Brazilian Cerrado1
Czajkowski et al. Virulence of ‘Dickeya solani’and Dickeya dianthicola biovar‐1 and‐7 strains on potato (Solanum tuberosum)
de Keijzer et al. Histological examination of horse chestnut infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi and non-destructive heat treatment to stop disease progression
Roeschlin et al. Resistance to citrus canker induced by a variant of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri is associated with a hypersensitive cell death response involving autophagy‐associated vacuolar processes
Dangl Bacterial pathogenesis of plants and animals: Molecular and cellular mechanisms
McCully et al. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (CSEM) in the advancement of functional plant biology. Morphological and anatomical applications
Deering et al. Examination of the internalization of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in peanut, Arachis hypogaea, using immunocytochemical techniques
Lelis et al. Studies on the colonization of axenically grown tomato plants by a GFP-tagged strain of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Catara et al. Bacterial diseases
Czajkowski et al. Downward vascular translocation of a green fluorescent protein-tagged strain of Dickeya sp.(biovar 3) from stem and leaf inoculation sites on potato
Lindberg et al. Growth of Heterobasidion annosum through bark of Picea abies
WO2014001476A2 (fr) Traitement thermique non destructif d'arbres pour arrêter la progression de maladies
Vigouroux et al. First hybrid plane trees to show resistance against canker stain (Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani)
Rytkönen et al. Infectivity, survival and pathology of Finnish strains of Phytophthora plurivora and Ph. pini in Norway spruce
Wydra et al. Immunohistochemical changes in methyl-ester distribution of homogalacturonan and side chain composition of rhamnogalacturonan I as possible components of basal resistance in tomato inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum
Rangel-Montoya et al. Unravelling the colonization mechanism of Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis in grapevine plants
Martín et al. Phenological and histochemical changes of Ulmus minor due to root absorption of phenol: Implications for resistance to DED

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2013732160

Country of ref document: EP

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13732160

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2