WO2014000910A1 - Dispositif de transfert d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement du dispositif de transfert d'énergie - Google Patents

Dispositif de transfert d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement du dispositif de transfert d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014000910A1
WO2014000910A1 PCT/EP2013/058724 EP2013058724W WO2014000910A1 WO 2014000910 A1 WO2014000910 A1 WO 2014000910A1 EP 2013058724 W EP2013058724 W EP 2013058724W WO 2014000910 A1 WO2014000910 A1 WO 2014000910A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primary
operating parameters
energy
electrical energy
link
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/058724
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Cord ELSNER
Thomas Eymann
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2014000910A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014000910A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/124—Detection or removal of foreign bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/147—Emission reduction of noise electro magnetic [EMI]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a
  • the primary member and the secondary member are formed movable to each other and magnetic and / or electromagnetically coupled to transmit the electrical energy.
  • the present invention relates to a power transmission arrangement having a primary member for discharging electrical energy and a secondary member for receiving the electrical energy, wherein the primary member and the secondary member are movable to each other and magnetic and / or electromagnetically coupled to transmit the electrical energy.
  • hybrid drive In the field of motor vehicle drive technology, it is generally known to use an electric machine as the sole drive or together with a drive motor of another type (hybrid drive). In such electrical or
  • Hybrid vehicles are typically electrical machines used as a drive motor, which are powered by an electrical energy storage, such as a battery, with electrical energy, wherein the electric
  • Energy storage regularly be charged depending on the state of charge.
  • a cable is used to transfer the electrical energy from a charging station to the vehicle.
  • Such a cable connection offers a very bad
  • a contactless vehicle Supply energy transmission with electrical energy.
  • different principles of action can be used for contactless energy transfer, for example, an inductive energy transfer or electromagnetic energy transfer.
  • inductive energy transmission a magnetic alternating field is generated on the primary side by means of a coil. At least part of this magnetic
  • Alternating field penetrates the secondary side, which also contains a coil. As a result, a voltage is induced in the coil of the secondary side and thus energy is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side.
  • the electromagnetic field penetrates the secondary side, which also contains a coil.
  • Energy transfer is the distance between the primary side and the secondary side so large that the wave characteristics of the electromagnetic fields are relevant and can be used.
  • antennas are used as transceivers on the primary / secondary side.
  • the efficiency of this contactless energy transfer is in particular by scattering losses worse than in the wired transmission, with an air gap of 20 to 30 cm, the efficiency can be about 90%.
  • Operational safety is an important issue in non-contact power transmission. Firstly, the energy transmission may only be started if an electrically driven vehicle is actually parked above the charging station / ground station, which is embedded in the road surface, for example. If other objects or even people are above the charging station, a transfer of electrical energy must be prevented in order to exclude further hazards.
  • a magnetic field of high field strength and flux density is built up during the energy transmission in a region between the ground station and a vehicle-side transmission device.
  • DE 10 2009 033 236 A1 discloses a device for inductive transmission of electrical energy from a stationary unit having at least one primary
  • the apparatus comprises means for detecting the presence of an object with which a predetermined space lying between the primary and secondary inductances is monitored.
  • the detection device has at least one non-contact sensor, wherein the sensor may be an ultrasound, radar, infrared sensor or an electronic image sensor.
  • sensors installed on the side of the stationary unit or the vehicle result in higher material costs. Furthermore, these sensors must be extensively adjusted for reliable detection of any objects. The complex adjustment causes additional costs. If the sensors are merely installed in the vehicle, the information that, for example, an object has been detected in the air gap must be transmitted to the stationary unit in a secured manner, in order to initiate a shutdown of the energy transmission there. This requirement leads to increased complexity of the overall system.
  • the energy transmission arrangement comprises a primary member for discharging electrical energy and a secondary member for
  • Primary member and the secondary member having a plurality of operating parameters, wherein first the electrical energy is transmitted from the primary member to the secondary member, wherein at least one of the operating parameters of the primary member is detected, wherein the operating parameter of the primary member is compared with primary-side reference values to the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling of the
  • Primary member and the secondary link to determine and thus a faulty object between the primary member and the secondary member and / or movement of the secondary member relative to the primary member to detect, and wherein at least one of
  • Operating parameter of the primary element is varied, provided that the operating parameter of the primary element deviates from the primary-side reference values.
  • the present invention provides a power transmission arrangement with a primary member for discharging electrical energy and a secondary member for receiving the electrical energy, wherein the primary member and the secondary member are movable to each other and magnetically and / or electromagnetically coupled for transmitting the electrical energy, and wherein the primary member and the secondary member have at least one control unit which is adapted to carry out the method of the above-mentioned type.
  • an interfering object between the primary member and the secondary member and / or movement of the secondary member relative to the primary member is detected by evaluating the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling of the two energy transfer members.
  • Energy transmission arrangement can be reduced.
  • the reliability of the arrangement is increased.
  • the efficiency of the energy transfer is increased, as well as changes in the distance of the energy transfer elements are taken into account.
  • the static or dynamic interference object in the air gap between the primary element and the secondary element and / or the change in distance of the energy transmission elements relative to one another is detected by comparing at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element with primary reference values.
  • the primary-side reference values may have predefined values and / or values from earlier measurements. It is of particular advantage if the secondary link before the detection of the
  • Operating parameter of the primary element is switched to a predefined state to vary at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element.
  • Switching to the predefined state can mean, for example, that the secondary element is switched in a short circuit or that on the side of the
  • Secondary element predefined resistors are switched on. Due to the predefined state on the secondary link side, at least one of the operating parameters of the primary link is changed. Thus, information can be transmitted from the secondary link to the primary link by this mechanism.
  • the secondary element is switched to the predefined state at a predefined time interval.
  • the primary side can regularly check the magnetic and / or electromagnetic coupling with knowledge of this time interval and initiate appropriate measures when detecting a change in the coupling, for example as a result of an interfering object in the air gap.
  • at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary link is detected and the secondary link is switched to the predefined state as a function of a comparison of the operating parameter of the secondary link with secondary-side reference values.
  • the secondary element is switched to the predefined state as soon as at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary element deviates from secondary reference values, that is, as soon as, for example, an object penetrates into the air gap between the primary element and the secondary element.
  • the secondary-side reference values may have predefined values and / or earlier measured values of the operating parameters.
  • an electrical test energy is first output by means of the primary member. Furthermore, at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary link is detected. Finally, the detected operating parameter of the
  • test energy used for the detection process is preferably smaller than the energy that is generated during the regular energy transmission of the
  • the following steps are further carried out: first, an electrical quantity of the secondary element in
  • the step of changing the electrical size of the secondary link comprises changing an electrical resistance of the
  • At least one of the operating parameters of the primary element is varied in such a way that the energy transmission is interrupted if the disturbing object is detected between the primary element and the secondary element.
  • Primary element is arranged and also no disturbing objects are in the air gap.
  • at least one of the operating parameters of the primary element is varied in such a way that an efficiency of the energy transmission is increased, as long as the movement of the secondary element relative to the primary element is detected.
  • the efficiency of the energy transmission first decreases.
  • the efficiency of the transmission can be increased. This ensures a high energy transfer efficiency even under variable conditions.
  • the transmission of the operating parameters between the energy transfer elements is in most cases a redundant information to the locally acquired data. This redundancy increases the safety and reliability of the energy transfer.
  • the transmission of the operating parameters due to the redundancy is not security-relevant and can therefore be implemented in a simple manner. The complexity of the energy transfer and the associated control is thereby reduced.
  • At least one of the operating parameters of the primary member is adjusted based on the secondary-side operating parameter received at the primary member. If, for example, an interfering object is detected in the air gap on the side of the secondary element during the energy transmission, this can be transmitted as information to the primary element. This measure increases the reliability of the
  • the secondary element is switched to the predefined state on the basis of the primary-side operating parameter received at the secondary element.
  • the primary member may communicate the information to the secondary member that the power transmission will soon be terminated.
  • At least one of the following physical quantities is detected as the operating parameter of the primary element or the secondary element: an electrical current of the primary element or of the secondary element, an electrical voltage of the primary member or the secondary member, and / or a frequency of the electric current or the electric voltage.
  • the primary element and the secondary element each have an electrical coil and / or an antenna for emitting or receiving the electrical energy, a transmission /
  • Receiving unit for transmitting at least one operating parameter of the primary member and / or the secondary member, and a control unit for controlling the energy delivery or the energy consumption.
  • the transmitting / receiving unit may be, for example, a SRD (short-ranked device).
  • the transmitting / receiving unit can be set up to modulate the data to be transmitted (for example, the operating parameters) to the magnetic and / or electromagnetic energy transmission. Since the transmission of the at least one operating parameter represents a redundant information, the primary element and the secondary element can in an alternative
  • Embodiment be designed without a transmitting / receiving unit.
  • the control unit may be designed only on the primary side or only on the secondary side.
  • the primary element is a component of a ground station which can be coupled to an electrical energy supply network
  • the secondary element is a component of an electrically driven vehicle which is set up to charge a traction battery arranged in the vehicle by means of the ground station.
  • the primary element can also be installed in the vehicle and the secondary element in the ground station. Consequently, in this Use case, the energy stored in the vehicle in the electrical
  • the power transmission arrangement according to the invention can be used in any type of vehicle (for example, passenger cars,
  • Fig. 1 shows in schematic form an energy transfer arrangement with a primary member and a secondary member
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example initialization of the
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the
  • the secondary link is installed on the side of an electrically driven motor vehicle and the primary member on the side of a ground station, which is adapted to transmit energy to the electrically driven motor vehicle. It is understood that this assignment can also be changed for other applications (for example Smart Grid) and that the energy transmission arrangement according to the invention can also be used in other charging stations / vehicles.
  • an energy transfer arrangement is shown schematically and generally designated 10.
  • the energy transfer assembly 10 includes a primary member 12 for delivering electrical energy and a secondary member 14 for receiving the electrical energy.
  • the primary member 12 is by means of a
  • Power supply adapter 16 coupled to an electrical power grid 18.
  • the power supply adapter 16 (EVSE) is configured to monitor the transmission of electrical energy, detect hardware errors, and transmit the energy
  • the primary member 12 and the power supply adapter 16 form part of a ground station unspecified in FIG.
  • the primary member 12 is magnetically (inductively) coupled to the secondary member 14 in this embodiment.
  • the secondary member 14 is magnetically (inductively) coupled to the secondary member 14 in this embodiment.
  • Primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 additionally or alternatively be electromagnetically coupled to each other.
  • the secondary member 14 forms part of a charging device of an unspecified in Fig. 1 electrically driven vehicle.
  • Secondary link 14 is coupled to a traction battery 20 and a CAN bus 22 of the electrically powered vehicle.
  • the primary element 12 has power electronics 24 and a coil 26 for discharging the energy.
  • the power electronics 24 has a frequency converter 28 for adjusting the mains frequency and the energy transmission frequency, a
  • Amplifier 30 and a reactive power compensator 32 for compensation of reactive power which can be carried out in series or in parallel.
  • the primary member 12 has a control unit 34 for controlling the
  • the control unit 34 may be coupled to the power grid 18, for example, control parameters or operating parameters of the
  • the primary element 12 has a transmitting / receiving unit 36, which may be designed, for example, as an SRD (short-ranked device).
  • the transmitting / receiving unit 36 serves to transmit the operating parameters of the primary element 12 and / or of the secondary element 14.
  • the transmission / reception unit 36 can also contain further information elements transmitted, which are needed to control the energy transfer (for example, transmission of the information that the power transmission is turned off).
  • the secondary link 14 has a coil 38 for receiving the energy and a
  • Power electronics 40 on.
  • Reactive power compensator 42 for compensating for leakage power, which can be carried out in series or in parallel, a rectifier 44 and optionally one
  • DC-DC converter 46 which is adapted to an output side
  • the secondary member 14 has a control unit 48 for controlling the
  • the control unit 48 may be connected via the CAN bus 22 (or any other communication bus within the vehicle), for example, to a battery management system (BMS) of the electrically powered vehicle that controls charging of the traction battery 20.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the secondary element 14 has a transmitting / receiving unit 50, which is designed, for example, as an SRD (short-ranked device).
  • the transmitting / receiving unit 50 serves to transmit the operating parameters of the primary member 12 and / or the secondary member 14.
  • further information elements relevant to the control of the energy transmission can be transmitted: for example manufacturer of the traction battery 20, air gap height between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14,
  • an alternating voltage, an alternating current and / or a frequency of the alternating voltage or of the alternating current can be detected at the reference point P1.
  • AC voltage or the alternating current can be determined as operating parameters of the secondary link 14. Additionally or alternatively, there is the possibility of a
  • the measurement of the operating parameters preferably takes place both on the side of
  • the Measurement of the operating parameters can also be performed only on the side of the primary member 12.
  • the transmission of the operating parameters by means of the transceivers 36, 50 is optional, since the control of the energy transfer can be performed only on the basis of the locally measured operating parameters.
  • the redundancy increases the reliability of the
  • the measurement of the operating parameters is carried out only on the side of the secondary element 14, a transmission of the operating parameters from the secondary element 14 to the primary element 12 is absolutely necessary in order, for example, to initiate a shutdown of the energy transmission.
  • the detected operating parameters can be exchanged between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 by means of the transceiver units 36, 50.
  • the resulting redundancy increases the operational reliability of the energy transfer.
  • the energy transfer is terminated to minimize the risk potential of the energy transfer and a
  • the object is only based on a measurement of the operating parameters of the primary member 12 and / or the secondary member 14 and a subsequent comparison of the operating parameters with corresponding reference values.
  • the transceiver units 36, 50 can modulate the data to be transmitted on the magnetic / electromagnetic power transmission.
  • the distance between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 changes (for example, by loading the vehicle), so resonance circuits of the reactive power compensators 32, 42 are adjusted and thus reduces the efficiency of energy transfer.
  • the reduction in efficiency is in turn detected by measuring the operating parameters of the primary member 12 and / or the secondary member 14 and then comparing the detected operating parameters with corresponding reference values.
  • the efficiency of the energy transmission can be increased.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example initialization of the
  • Primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 according to a method 60 according to the invention.
  • the initialization of the primary member 12 is shown as part of the ground station to the left of a dividing line T and the dividing line T to the right of the initialization of the secondary member 14 as part of the electrically driven motor vehicle.
  • a first step 62 the motor vehicle is parked above the ground station.
  • a predefined first load resistance R1 is set in the motor vehicle instead of the traction battery 20.
  • a test energy is given to check whether the vehicle is above the ground station and to enable detection of the ground station on the side of the secondary member 14.
  • at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary link 14 is detected (for example, a voltage, a current and / or a frequency) and checks whether the detected operating parameters of the secondary link 14 with a corresponding
  • Step 67 is on the side of the secondary link 14 in a Step 67 further determined that the ground station is located under the motor vehicle.
  • a step 68 At least one of the operating parameters (voltage, current and / or frequency) of the primary element 12 is detected and compared with the corresponding first primary-side test reference value for voltage, current or frequency. If the detected operating parameter of the primary element 12 coincides with the first primary-side test reference value, it is determined in a step 70 that neither a vehicle nor objects are located above the ground station. Therefore, the output of the test energy is terminated in a step 72 and the coil 26 is de-energized.
  • the operating parameters voltage, current and / or frequency
  • the detected operating parameter deviates from the first primary-side test reference value. Thus, it is determined in a step 74 that an object is above the ground station. However, it can not be clarified until this step, whether it is any object or the motor vehicle, since the test energy is absorbed by both the arbitrary object and the motor vehicle. For this reason, it is checked in a further step 76 whether the detected object or the motor vehicle.
  • Operating parameter of the primary element 12 coincides with a second primary-side excerferenzwerts. If the detected operating parameter deviates from the second primary-side check reference value, it is determined in a step 78 that a
  • Object / object (but not the motor vehicle) is located above the ground station.
  • the detected operating parameter of the primary element 12 coincides with the second primary-side test reference value, since the
  • Motor vehicle is parked above the ground station and also the predefined first load resistance R1 has been set in the motor vehicle.
  • a second predefined load resistor R2 is connected to the first load resistor R1.
  • the second predefined load resistor R2 can be switched on, for example, after a predefined period of time, which measures from the detection of the ground station on the side of the secondary link 14 up to the current time.
  • the detected operating parameter of the primary element 12 is then compared in a step 82 with a corresponding third primary-side test reference value. If the detected operating parameter deviates from the third primary-side test reference value, it is determined in a step 84 that an object is above the ground station that is configured such that the detected operating parameter of the primary element 12 coincidentally corresponds to the second primary-side test reference value. Thus, according to step 72, the delivery of the test energy is terminated.
  • the detected operating parameter of the primary element 12 corresponds to the third primary-side test reference value since the second predefined load resistor R2 has been connected in the motor vehicle.
  • the initialization of the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 is thus completed successfully.
  • the delivery of the test energy may be terminated in a step 88.
  • Primary member 12 are started on the secondary member 14 in a step 90.
  • the method steps from FIG. 2 can be applied essentially analogously when energy is transferred from the traction battery 20 into the energy supply network 18 (smart grid) and thus the primary element 12 in the electrically driven one
  • Motor vehicle and the secondary link 14 is installed in the ground station.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the
  • inventive method 60 if an object between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 device. It should again be assumed that the primary member 12 is installed in the ground station and the secondary member 14 in the electrically driven motor vehicle. After it has been determined that no object is between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14, the charging of the
  • Traction battery 20 and the power transmission from the primary member 12 to the secondary member 14 started or continued.
  • the reference values are in a range that is predetermined by the manufacturer depending on the state of charge of the traction battery 20.
  • an interfering object moves into the air gap between the primary member 12 and the secondary member.
  • This disruptive object can be, for example, an object, an animal or even an extremity of a human being. Since a magnetic field of high field strength and flux density is built up during the energy transmission in a spatial area between the primary element 12 of the ground station and the vehicle-side secondary element 14
  • Primary member 12 detected. As operating parameters of the primary member 12, the
  • a current apparent power of the primary element 12 can be derived from the specific operating parameters.
  • a step 106 at least one of the operating parameters of the secondary link 14 is detected. As operating parameters of the secondary link, the
  • Secondary link 14 a secondary-side apparent power can be derived.
  • Secondary link 14 compared with secondary reference values. If the
  • the secondary member 14 is switched in a step 1 10 in a defined state.
  • the second predefined load resistor R2 is connected after a predefined period of time.
  • Secondary link 14 are also switched in a short circuit.
  • Primary member 12 from either the second or the third primary-side
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the
  • a method 60 according to the invention if the distance between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 decreases during a charging operation of the traction battery 20.
  • a step 120 first energy is transferred from the primary member 12 to the
  • a step 122 it should be assumed that the distance between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14 is reduced. This results for example from the fact that the vehicle is loaded or lose the tires of the vehicle air. Due to the changed distance, the efficiency of the charging process is reduced.
  • a step 124 the operating parameters of the primary member 12 are detected.
  • the apparent power which is composed of a reactive power and an active power, is derived from the acquired operating parameters.
  • the operating parameters of the primary element 12 are compared with the primary-side reference values. If a higher reactive power is registered at the side of the primary element 12 at a constant apparent power and, in addition, the operating parameters deviate from the primary-side reference values, then the
  • the optimum of the energy transfer is achieved at a certain frequency, which is dependent on the distance between the primary member 12 and the secondary member 14.
  • Energy transmission elements 12, 14 are derived solely from the detected operating parameters. In this way, the efficiency of the energy transfer can be optimized in a simple way in the case of changed boundary conditions (for example distance change).
  • Secondary member 14 are detected. These can be transmitted to the primary element 12, for example, by means of the transceiver units 36, 50. By means of a subsequent evaluation of the secondary-side operating parameters, the efficiency of the energy transmission is finally increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé (60) pour le fonctionnement d'un dispositif de transfert d'énergie (10), le dispositif de transfert d'énergie (10) présentant un élément primaire (12) pour émettre de l'énergie électrique et un élément secondaire (14) pour recevoir l'énergie électrique. L'élément primaire (12) et l'élément secondaire (14) sont réalisés de manière mobile l'un par rapport à l'autre et peuvent être couplés magnétiquement et/ou électromagnétiquement pour le transfert de l'énergie électrique. L'élément primaire (12) et l'élément secondaire (14) présentent une multitude de paramètres de fonctionnement, l'énergie électrique étant d'abord transférée de l'élément primaire (12) à l'élément secondaire (14) et au moins un des paramètres de fonctionnement de l'élément primaire (12) étant enregistré. Le paramètre de fonctionnement de l'élément primaire (12) est comparé aux valeurs de référence côté primaire pour déterminer le couplage magnétique et/ou électromagnétique de l'élément primaire (12) et de l'élément secondaire (14) et ainsi enregistrer un objet de brouillage entre l'élément primaire (12) et l'élément secondaire (14) et/ou un mouvement de l'élément secondaire (14) par rapport à l'élément primaire (12). Au moins un des paramètres de fonctionnement de l'élément primaire (12) est varié pour autant que le paramètre de fonctionnement de l'élément primaire (12) s'écarte des valeurs de référence côté primaire.
PCT/EP2013/058724 2012-06-27 2013-04-26 Dispositif de transfert d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement du dispositif de transfert d'énergie WO2014000910A1 (fr)

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DE102012210930.7A DE102012210930A1 (de) 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 Energieübertragungsanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Energieübertragungsanordnung
DE102012210930.7 2012-06-27

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DE102014222455A1 (de) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-04 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines Induktivladevorgangs eines Fahrzeugs
DE102015223230A1 (de) * 2015-11-24 2017-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ladestation, Ladevorrichtung und Ladesystem zum induktiven Aufladen eines Energiespeichers sowie Verfahren zum induktiven Aufladen eines Energiespeichers
DE102017202025A1 (de) 2017-02-09 2018-08-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Überprüfung einer Primär- oder Sekundäreinheit eines induktiven Ladesystems
DE102017211687A1 (de) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Testen einer Sekundärspule eines induktiven Ladesystems
DE102018203959A1 (de) * 2018-03-15 2019-09-19 Continental Automotive Gmbh System zur induktiven Energieübertragung zwischen einer Primär- und einer Sekundärseite
NL2022589B1 (en) * 2019-02-15 2020-08-28 Prodrive Tech Bv Continuous control of a contactless electrical energy transfer system

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WO2010036980A1 (fr) * 2008-09-27 2010-04-01 Witricity Corporation Systèmes de transfert d'énergie sans fil
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WO2012061246A2 (fr) * 2010-11-01 2012-05-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Charge sans fil de dispositifs

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WO2010036980A1 (fr) * 2008-09-27 2010-04-01 Witricity Corporation Systèmes de transfert d'énergie sans fil
DE102009033236A1 (de) 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Conductix-Wampfler Ag Vorrichtung zur induktiven Übertragung elektrischer Energie
US20110196544A1 (en) * 2010-02-08 2011-08-11 Access Business Group International Llc Input parasitic metal detection
WO2012061246A2 (fr) * 2010-11-01 2012-05-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Charge sans fil de dispositifs

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