WO2013187792A1

WO2013187792A1 - Dental implant

Info

Publication number: WO2013187792A1
Application number: PCT/RU2012/000472
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Алексеевич ВАСИЛЬЕВ; Валерий Валерьевич СЕРБУЛОВ
Original assignee: Vasiliev Vladimir Alekseevich; Serbulov Valeriy Valerievich
Priority date: 2012-06-13
Filing date: 2012-06-18
Publication date: 2013-12-19

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine, and specifically to orthopaedic stomatology. A dental implant for tooth prosthetics comprises a root part in the form of an element of elongated, conical shape with a blind opening which is open on the base side, and a mobile base in the form of a rod which is fixed in the root part and has a rod head which projects above the root part and has an element for attachment of an orthopaedic construction. The mobile base in the form of a rod is in the form of a single component in which that part of the rod which is fixed in the root part is in the form of a screw head which is screwable into the root part and which has a conical projection for interaction with a mating surface in the wall of the blind opening in the root part. The rod head is cylindrical and has a blind opening with a screw thread for attachment of the orthopaedic construction, and a flexible element in the form of an oval ring or element of toroidal shape, the long axis of the opening of which is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod of the mobile base, is placed between the screw head and the rod head.

Description

Dental implant

Technical field

The utility model relates to medicine, namely to orthopedic dentistry.

State of the art

The traditional methods of orthopedic treatment of patients with partial absence of teeth include prosthetics with fixed bridges, telescopic bridges, clasps, etc. An alternative method of treatment is the fixation of dental prostheses on osseointegrated implants. Therefore, the development of dental implants is currently being conducted from the standpoint of searching for bioplastic materials optimal for medical and technical characteristics for the manufacture of implants and improving the design of the dental implant itself.

Modern materials are becoming more durable, their quality is increasing, the risk of complications is reduced, operational techniques are being modified, and treatment time is shortened.

For example, a dental implant for prosthetics is known, comprising a root part made in the form of an oblong element with a blind hole, and a mobile base in the form of a rod inserted into the cavity of the blind hole, to the bottom of which one end of the elastic element placed in the cavity of the hole is attached, the other end of which is pressed against the end surface of the rod, the elastic element is made in the form of an elastic block of a polymeric material or alloy or in the form of a helical spring screwed into the bottom by a screw part a blind hole of the root part, the rod on the side opposite to the supporting side on the elastic block is made with an attachment element of the orthopedic structure and is made cylindrical with a transverse a size exceeding the transverse dimension of the rod from the side resting on the elastic block, while the section of transition of the cylindrical part of the rod to the part resting on the elastic element is made in the form of a fragment of the second-order surface, and the wall of the blind hole in the area of contact with the surface of the rod in the form of a surface fragment the second order and with a cylindrical surface of this rod is made repeating the outer surface of this rod (RU 99959, A61 C13 / 10, publ. 10.12.2010).

The disadvantage of this dental implant is that it is not a monolithic, but a prefabricated structure, the strength of which is determined by the physical characteristics of not only the material from which it is made, but also by assembly, that is, the interconnections of the elements. Since the teeth are constantly subject to dynamic loads, the value of which sometimes exceeds the strength characteristics of the material from which the implant is made, the probability of destruction is not so much of any one element, but of the connection between them, since all three elements that make up the mobile base have a relative mobility and various dynamic loads. In the process of using the implant, there is a violation of the connection between the head of the mobile base and the elastic element. Such a picture is observed with an incorrect spatial arrangement of the implant. Another disadvantage is the inability of the spring to provide adequate resistance to chewing load, i.e. it is physically weak and is very easily compressed.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to improve the operational properties of the implant, increasing its reliability and durability. Achieving this result provides a reduction in critical loads on the bone and, as a result, a decrease in bone resorption around the implant.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the dental implant for prosthetics containing the root part. made in the form of an elongated cone-shaped element with a blind hole open on the base side and a mobile base in the form of a rod fixed in the root part inserted into the cavity of the blind hole protruding above the root part of the shaft head made with an attachment element of the orthopedic structure and spring-loaded relative to the part rod fixed in the root part, the mobile base in the form of a rod is made in the form of a single part, in which the part of the rod fixed in the root part is made in the form of a screw head screwed into the root part and which is made with a conical protrusion for interacting with the counter surface in the wall of the blind hole of the root part, the rod head is cylindrical and made with a blind hole with screw thread for installing a plug or attaching an orthopedic structure, and Between the screw head and the head of the rod there is an elastic element made in the form of an oval ring or a toroidal element, the long axis of the hole of which is distributed lozhena perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mobile bases rod.

These signs are significant and interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present utility model is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the required technical result.

Description of the figures of the drawings

Figure 1 - General view of the dental implant assembly with a partial cutaway;

figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a dental implant;

FIG. 3 is a section AA in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 - section BB in FIG. one ;

FIG. 5 is a side view of the mobile base of FIG. 3.

The best embodiments of the invention According to this utility model, the construction of a dental implant used for prosthetics of an artificial tooth is considered. At the same time, this implant is performed with the function of damping (damping) the load on the tooth and correcting the spatial position of the denture in the mode of self-installation (self-positioning). Moreover, within the framework of this utility model, issues related to the use of special materials, metals or alloys are not considered. Can be used monolithic pyrocarbon (RU N ° 53142, A61 C13 / 10, publ. 05/10/2006) for the root part. Carbon-based materials do not have pathogenicity, do not cause pronounced uncompensated damage to tissue structures when implanted in bone defects. Pyrocarbon does not inhibit adaptive bone remodeling. As a result of reactive processes developing in bone tissue during implantation of these materials, they are successfully integrated into the surrounding tissue structures. As an example, the mobile base can be made of titanium materials or alloys that provide a sufficient range of elastic deformation for reversible compression of the elastic oval part by 0.2 mm with a million-strong cycle.

According to this utility model, a dental implant for dental prosthetics (Figs. 1 and 2), which contains the root portion 1, is made in the form of an oblong conical or cylindrical shape of an element with a blind hole (the external structure or shape of this element is not of interest and is not affected in the description , is a root-shaped implant, plays the same role as the root of the tooth, because its location should be similar - the root implant should be surrounded by bone tissue and should not protrude camping out under the gums). Blind hole made open from the base of the root part. The outer surface of the root part has radially directed protrusions or a helical spiral for the formation of fixation elements of the root part in the bone tissue.

The mobile base is made in the form of a rod 2 fixed in the root part, inserted into the cavity of the blind hole with a protrusion above the root part of the head of the rod 3. In the upper part on the mobile element there is a polyhedron 4 with a blind hole with a thread for fixing the orthopedic structure. The head of the rod 3 is cylindrical and spring-loaded relative to the part 5 of the rod fixed in the root part 1. The polyhedron 4 is used to fix the orthopedic structure (not shown).

The mobile base in the form of a rod is made as a single part. In this part, the rod part 5 fixed in the root part 1 is made in the form of a screw head screwed into the root part. This part 5 of the rod above the screw section is made with a conical annular protrusion 7 for interaction with the counter conical wall (surface) in the blind hole of the root part. When screwing the rod through the thread, the rod is recessed into the root part until the conical surface of the annular protrusion 7 contacts the mating surface 8 of the wall of the root part, which leads to locking of the entire structure. The screw of the mobile element is an element of fixation of the latter in the implant. Twisting and twisting occurs through the polyhedron of the mobile base. In case of a fracture of the mobile element, the screw can be unscrewed for the conical base.

Under the head of the rod 3 there is a part of the mobile base, made in the form of a cylinder with a convex outer wall (spherical surface), which allows the base to slide relative to the root part. The presence of such a cylinder allows us to translate the angular load vectors into vertical, convenient compression work of the elastic element

Between the screw head, above the annular protrusion 7, and the rod head, the part of the rod is made in the form of an elastic element made in the form of an oval ring 9 or a toroidal shape, the long axis of the hole 10 of which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod of the mobile base. The elastic element is made in the form of an elongated ring with a spherical outer surface. The thickness of the ring strongly affects the compression of the elastic element and can be different, depending on the implant location conditions: in the more stressed parts of the jaw it is thicker, in the less loaded parts it is thinner. The conical base, truncated along the vertical axis on both sides, under the elastic element has two functions: it prevents the screw of the mobile element from being unscrewed by fitting into the counter cone hole in the implant, and also, with the help of truncated faces, allows you to unscrew the screw when installing a special key in case of breakage of the elastic element.

An annular recess 1 1 on the root part and a reciprocal recess 12 on the neck of the implant is designed to contain an insulating polymer ring (not shown). The ring protects against the penetration of microbes into the interior of the implant.

An oval ring or toroidal element is located in the chamber 13 of the cavity of the root part 1. The walls of this chamber limit the movement of the ring in the radial direction. In the axial direction, the elasticity is provided by deformation of the oval of the ring in the range of elastic characteristics of the material from which the rod is made.

Below the cavity 13, the walls of the root part are made in the form of a polyhedron for fixing the implant guide key.

A dental implant is used as follows.

An orthopedic structure is mounted on top of the rod and, for example, is screwed into the blind hole of the shaft with a thread and screw until the protrusion 7 contacts the mating conical surface of the blind hole of the root part. The load from the orthopedic design is transferred to the rod and the elastic element, and then to the mobile base, due to the fact that the elastic element is compressed, which leads to contact sliding and the elastic element of the rod is supported on the wall of the mobile base. This leads to a dispersal of the load. In this case, the transmission of dynamic forces at the sealing sites is excluded, since the rod is made integral and does not have separate parts connected to each other.

Using a device for resonance frequency analysis, changes in the stability of implants in patients whose prostheses were made on abutments with dampers were measured. The indicators obtained in this study prove that the stability coefficients of the implants studied immediately after the installation of shock absorbers in them and load tests, even at different initial indicators, after a few weeks are equalized and demonstrate a high level of stability. In addition, during the study, not a single fact of a prosthesis fracture was noted. Therefore, a cushioned base and resilient positioning guarantee optimal biomechanics and optimize prosthetics.

Industrial applicability This utility model is industrially applicable, can be manufactured using well-known technologies used in the manufacture of implants in modern dentistry.

Claims

Utility Model Formula

A dental implant for prosthetics containing a root part made in the form of an oblong element with a blind hole open on the base side and a mobile base in the form of a rod fixed in the root part, inserted into the blind hole cavity with a protrusion over the root part of the shaft head made with an element of attachment of an orthopedic structure and spring-loaded relative to the part of the rod fixed in the root part, characterized in that the mobile base in the form of a rod is made a single part in which the part of the rod fixed in the root part is made in the form of a screw head screwed into the root part and which is made with a conical protrusion for interacting with the counter surface in the wall of the blind hole of the root part, under which part of the hole wall is made in the form of a polyhedron, the head of the rod is cylindrical and made with a blind hole with a screw thread for installing or attaching an orthopedic structure, and between the screw head and head the rod part of the rod is formed as a resilient member formed in the shape of an oval ring, or a toroidal member shape, the long axis of the hole which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mobile bases rod while under the head and over the elastic element portion of the rod is a cylinder.