DE4041378A1 - Metallic dental implant in socket - has self-tapping thread on tapering extension of stem engaging in spongy bone of tooth socket - Google Patents

Abstract

The metallic dental implant has a stem accommodating a cap structure and a self tapping screwthread. The stem (12) is extended by a tapering portion (14), on whose periphery the self tapping thread (16) is situated, engaging in the spongiosa (22). The OD of the thread can be at the most only slightly greater than that of the stem. USE/ADVANTAGE - Firm anchorage without affecting the healing process.

Description

The invention relates to a metallic dental implant according to the preamble of claim 1.

In such dental implants, it is known to use a screw to provide the implant with a self-tapping thread. At the so-called bicortical screw implants for prosthetic ver Care of the lower jaw is a comparatively long one Threads with a comparatively large outside diameter provided the lower end for engagement in the lower cortical bone of the lower jaw. The Bicorti cal screw implant has a square on top that goes with it is determined, by means of dental cement or the like. a replacement tooth wear.

Such bicortical screw implants quickly offer one comparatively great stability and resilience. Especially when used in the molar area, however, it has been shown that lateral stability is unsatisfactory in the long run is.

Another problem is that the length adjustment and the screwing depth of the bicortical screw implant very must be made precisely so that an effective bracket in the lower, only two 2 to 3 mm thick corticalis can be done.

In contrast, it is an object of the invention to provide a dental implant creating a more organic supply and is at least equivalent in terms of healing and is nevertheless comparatively non-critical, so that an on set is also possible on the upper jaw.

This object is achieved by claim 1.  

Advantageous further developments result from the Unteran sayings.

The configuration of the invention is particularly favorable Implant shaft as cylindrical and comparatively thick shaft that extends over a length of, for example can extend two thirds of the total length of the implant. At these are followed by the conical implant body, which for the intervention in the cancellous bone is suitably designed and that carries self-tapping threads.

According to the invention, it is particularly favorable to pass through the socket a drill with an outer diameter exactly through the shaft corresponds to the diameter of the cylindrical shaft, then insert the implant into the cavity created in this way and finally with the self-tapping thread rotate.

It is particularly favorable that the dental implant according to the invention essentially simulated a tooth shape, which was healing favored. Since the thread is only featured in cancellous bone see that is significantly softer than the cortical area, but is more suitable for healing, you can achieve an improved healing effect, while at the same time the danger is less that a curl due to lateral shear stress The implant is carried out.

The comparatively thick shaft acts as a support diameter of the implant shaft, which the introduced lateral che force, especially in the molar area when chewing is quite large, better and more evenly distributed.

The self-tapping thread is of such a size that inflicted the minimal possible injuries on the cancellous bone on the other hand, however, immediately after the on sufficient stability, the one  Loosening of the implant prevented there.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided to design the implant shaft sleeve-shaped. With such a configuration, it is possible during a healing phase lasting at least a month, preferably The inserted dental implant should take three months initially close below the gum line so that no chewing movement occurs. After graduation the healing phase, the closure is then removed and the ge wanted replacement tooth on the now healed dental implant anchored.

Is particularly favorable in the dental implant according to the invention it that a tooth extraction provides dental care immediately is - without first having a tooth function - during after the healing phase, the tooth function better in the long run can be replaced. It is particularly favorable here if the sleeve-shaped implant shaft is a damping element takes up that the slightly springy suspension of the natural Simulated teeth in the alveolus.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention there is provision for a secondary part in the implant shaft ready for the prosthetic restoration provided replacement tooth carries. Such a secondary part allows the provision of a movement joint to ensure the desired spring and damping properties within of the dental implant.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is available seen that the threaded shoulder supporting the thread is blunt expires. The distribution of force is such a Ausge design of the dental implant cheaper than with a pointed one tapered dental implant, especially against the background the lateral loads to be absorbed. Still rejuvenated  For example, a parabolic thread in the Thread area to a sufficient extent, so that the selschei end of thread function is maintained.

Further advantages, details and features result from the following description of an embodiment based on the drawing.

It shows

The only figure is a partially broken section of a exemplary embodiment of an inventive metallic dental implant.

A metallic dental implant 10 according to the invention has an implant shaft 12 which is sleeve-shaped and to which a threaded attachment 14 with a self-tapping thread 16 connects in one piece below.

The implant shaft 12 is cylindrical on the outside and inside, and the threaded attachment 14 is parabolic on the outside and inside.

The outside diameter of the thread 16 in the first two turns in the exemplary embodiment shown is equal to the outside diameter of the implant shaft 12 and then decreases - following the parabolic thread attachment 14 .

As can be seen from the figure, the implant shaft 12 extends through a cortical region 18 of a jaw bone 20 , while the thread attachment 14 is already in the region of a cancellous bone 22 .

A superstructure 23 of the dental implant begins at a secondary part 24 .

While the dental implant 10 is made of pure titanium, a less expensive material may be such for the shaft 12 received in the implant abutment 24th B. Polyethylene be used. The secondary part 24 is guided via a movement joint 26 in the sleeve-shaped implant shaft 12 in a blind hole 25 and ends at the bottom in a side guide shoulder 28 which is in engagement with an elastic plastic mass 30 , which forms a plastic damping element 32 . In this way, a slightly floating mounting of the secondary part 24 in the dental implant 10 can be achieved, with shear forces also being slightly cushioned due to the action of the side guide shoulder 28 .

With a total length of the dental implant of, for example, 15 mm, the spring travel owing to the plastic damping element 32 is 100 to 700 μm, preferably 300 μm, based on an axial movement of the secondary part 24 in the implant shaft 12 .

The secondary part 24 carries a replacement tooth 38 via a fastening screw 34 and tooth cement 36 . The replacement tooth 38 extends at the bottom outside essentially flush with the outside diameter of the tooth implant 10 . An expansion joint 40 formed there is potted with an elastic plastic compound. Gums 42 preferably extend beyond this area, so that the use of an implant instead of a tooth root is not visible from the outside.

The implant shaft 12 as well as the threaded attachment 14 has a roughened surface produced by sandblasting, which also promotes healing. Only the uppermost part - about 1 to 2 mm - are polished to a high gloss for bacterial reasons.

Even if this is not shown, it goes without saying that, for example, a small hexagon socket can be provided on the inside in the threaded attachment 14 , which simplifies the screwing in of the self-tapping thread 16 into the jaw bone 20 .

For the dental care of all possible cases, a stock of five different implant lengths is sufficient, with lengths of 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 mm being preferred. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the threaded extension 14 and the implant shaft 12 each extend over half the total length.

The diameter of the implant shaft 12 is 35 to 55% of the implant length, preferably 38 to 50 and in particular 42.5%.

According to a modification of the invention, it is provided to provide the side guide shoulder 28 with a thread, so that the connection with the plastic compound 30 is improved.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the plastic damping element 32 be completely eliminated.

According to a further modification, the tooth implant 10 according to the invention is not only seen for the immediate implantation after extraction of a tooth, but also for the late implantation.

According to a further modification, the extracted tooth in the playing field is prepared by means of a computer-controlled milling machine so that it is suitable as a replacement tooth 38 .

According to a further modification, it is provided to provide only one of these elements for fastening the replacement tooth 38 on the secondary part 24 instead of both the fastening screw 34 and the tooth cement 36 .

Claims (13)

1. Metallic dental implant, with an implant shaft for attaching a superstructure, and with a self-tapping thread, characterized in that the implant shaft ( 12 ) is continued in a conical thread attachment ( 14 ), the outer circumference of which carries the self-tapping thread ( 16 ) and is designed for the intervention in the cancellous bone ( 22 ). 2. Dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of the thread ( 16 ) exceeds that of the implant shaft ( 12 ) at most by a little and in particular is less than or equal to this. 3. Dental implant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thread ( 16 ) has an increased slope with a slope of 0.15 D to 0.35 D, in particular 0.25 D, each based on the diameter of the thread approach ( 14 ) at the location of the respective thread. 4. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the threaded attachment ( 14 ) has a parabolic basic shape. 5. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the implant shaft ( 12 ) has a cylindrical structure and is in particular roughened. 6. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the implant shaft ( 12 ) and the threaded attachment ( 14 ) are constructed in one piece from a high-strength and compatible material such as titanium. 7. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the implant shaft ( 12 ) have a blind hole ( 25 ) along its common axis, which is designed for receiving a secondary part ( 24 ). 8. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a blind hole ( 25 ) extends from above through the implant shaft ( 12 ) into the area of the threaded attachment ( 14 ), the bottom part of which is made in particular of a plastic spring. and / or damping mass ( 30 ) is filled, in which a secondary part ( 24 ) is inserted. 9. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a replacement tooth ( 38 ) or a crown is provided, which is connected via a releasable fastening, in particular a screw connection ( 34 ), to a secondary part ( 24 ) which is in the implant shaft ( 12 ) is fitted and attached to it. 10. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fit between a sleeve-shaped implant shaft ( 12 ) and a secondary part ( 24 ) is designed as a movement joint ( 26 ) and in a cavity below the secondary part ( 34 ) a resilient mass ( 30 ) is introduced. 11. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an upper end of a movement joint ( 26 ) between a secondary part ( 24 ) and the implant shaft ( 12 ) laterally outwards between replacement tooth ( 38 ) and implant shaft ( 12 ) an expansion joint ( 40 ) forms, which is filled essentially flush with an elastic mass. 12. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the replacement tooth ( 38 ) is fastened to a secondary part with a tooth cement known per se, the tooth cement ( 36 ) in particular extending up to an expansion joint ( 40 ). 13. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thread ( 16 ) carrying the threaded neck ( 14 ) runs out bluntly.