WO2013185218A1 - Circuits intégrés photoniques pour émetteurs et récepteurs à multiplexage spatial par répartition en longueur d'onde - Google Patents

Circuits intégrés photoniques pour émetteurs et récepteurs à multiplexage spatial par répartition en longueur d'onde Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013185218A1
WO2013185218A1 PCT/CA2013/000572 CA2013000572W WO2013185218A1 WO 2013185218 A1 WO2013185218 A1 WO 2013185218A1 CA 2013000572 W CA2013000572 W CA 2013000572W WO 2013185218 A1 WO2013185218 A1 WO 2013185218A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
predetermined
wavelength
coupled
receivers
wavelength range
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PCT/CA2013/000572
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English (en)
Inventor
Valery Tolstikhin
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Onechip Photonics Inc.
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Publication of WO2013185218A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013185218A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/506—Multiwavelength transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/04—Mode multiplex systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to photonic integrated circuits and more particularly to providing space-wavelength division multiplexing transmitter and receiver photonic integrated circuits.
  • Data centers are facilities that store and distribute the data on the Internet. With an estimated 100 billion plus web pages on over 100 million websites, data centers contain a lot of data. With almost two billion users accessing all these websites, including a growing amount of high bandwidth video, it's easy to understand but hard to comprehend how much data is being uploaded and downloaded every second on the Internet.
  • CAGR compound annual growth rate for global IP traffic between users is between 40% based upon Cisco's analysis (see http://www.cisco.com/en US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/ white_paper_c l l-481360_ns827_Networking_Solutions_White_Paper.html) and 50% based upon the University of Minnesota's Minnesota Internet Traffic Studies (MINTS) analysis.
  • MINTS University of Minnesota's Minnesota Internet Traffic Studies
  • the existing and emerging standards call for multiple 10 Gb/s channels run over parallel multimode optical fiber cables or wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) onto a singlemode fiber.
  • the multimode optical fiber links typically require 8 fibers for 40 Gb/s, represent 4 x lOGb/s in each direction, and 20 fibers for 100 Gb/s, representing 10 x 10 Gb/s in each direction.
  • these define a 100m / 150m reach for 100GBASE-SR10 links exploiting OM3 / OM4 multimode optical fibers respectively.
  • a 10km reach is defined for 100GBASE-LR4 Single Mode Fiber (SMF) links as well as other telecom legacy solutions such as the lOxlOG MSA.
  • the l OxlOG MSA also includes proposed standards for 40km links.
  • Prior art solutions such as 100GBASE-SR10 employ an array of optical transmitters coupled to an array of optical fibers and hence whilst some reductions in cost / footprint can be realized fundamentally it still requires, for example 10 lasers to provide the 10 channels.
  • An improvement can be achieved through space-division multiplexing (SDM) wherein a single laser is split in a number of parallel channels, each externally modulated and coupled into a separate singlemode fiber. At the receiver end this array of modulated optical signals is coupled to an array of photodiodes.
  • SDM space-division multiplexing
  • This solution is being implemented today using so-called silicon photonics that exploit the micromachining capabilities of silicon such that a single laser is flip-chip mounted to the silicon, as silicon does not at this time provide integral lasers with required performance.
  • WDM wavelength-division multiplexing
  • the inventors provide a means to provide N x M x D Gb/s PIC based transmitters and receivers, wherein N channels are provided each carrying M wavelength division signals at D Gb/s.
  • such integration also exploits the device footprint differential between the WDM elements, which are typically large, with low aspect ratios and active devices which are typically small with high aspect ratios such that a large array of active devices can be implemented together with a single WDM element.
  • a device comprising:
  • N a plurality N of first sources wherein N > 2 and each first source emitting within a first predetermined wavelength range;
  • each first source of the plurality N of first sources is coupled to a predetermined output port of the multiplexer and each second source of the plurality M of second sources is coupled to a predetermined output port of the multiplexer.
  • N a plurality N of first receivers wherein N > 2 and each first receiver for receiving optical signals within a first predetermined wavelength range;
  • optical signals at predetermined input ports within first predetermined wavelength range are routed to predetermined first receivers of the plurality N of first receivers; and optical signals at predetermined input ports within second predetermined wavelength range are routed to predetermined second receivers of the plurality M of second receivers.
  • Figures 1A and IB depict multiple space channel transmitters and receivers respectively exploiting arrayed optical devices within a PIC implementation according to the prior art
  • Figures 2A and 2B depict WDM based transmitters and receivers respectively exploiting arrayed optical devices within a PIC implementation according to the prior art
  • Figure 3 depicts a space and wavelength division multiplexed transmitter according to an embodiment of the invention for N x M x XGb I s optical links;
  • Figure 4 depicts a space and wavelength division multiplexed receiver according to an embodiment of the invention for N x M x XGb I s optical links;
  • Figure 5 depicts a MGVI design and manufacturing methodology for a space and wavelength division multiplexed transmitter according to an embodiment of the invention as depicted in Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 depicts a MGVI design and manufacturing methodology for a space and wavelength division multiplexed transmitter according to an embodiment of the invention as depicted in Figure 4.
  • the present invention is directed to photonic integrated circuits and more particularly to providing space-wavelength division multiplexing transmitter and receiver photonic integrated circuits.
  • Multiple space channel transmitter 100A as depicted in Figure 1A comprises a single distributed feedback laser (DFBL) whose output is coupled through passive splitting to four electro-absorption modulators (EAM), identified as EAM X through EAM 4 respectively.
  • DFBL distributed feedback laser
  • EAM electro-absorption modulators
  • Each EAM is coupled to a modulator driver, MD ⁇ through D 4 respectively, which provides the required drive voltage levels for modulating the CW output of the DFBL in response to data received from the electronic transmitter interfaces, Tx x through Tx 4 respectively.
  • each EAM is coupled through a spot-size converter (SSC), SSC ⁇ through SSC 4 respectively, wherein its mode size is now compatible with low loss coupling to the singlemode optical fiber, SMF ] through SMF 4 respectively.
  • SSC spot-size converter
  • SMF singlemode optical fiber
  • the multiple space channel transmitter 100A provides in this instance 4 channels at XGb I ' s according to the design of the EAM and the associated MD / Tx circuits. It would be evident that the number of space channels may be increased, for example to 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, etc, and that the data rate of each channel implemented may for example be the same or different, with typical data rates being 2.5Gb / s , 5Gb./ s , and lOGb / s .
  • repeated blocks of multiple space channel transmitter 100A may be implemented within a single PIC according to the output power of the DFBL and the optical link requirements for output optical power. Accordingly, a single DFBL may be coupled to 2, 4, 6, or more EAMs. In an alternate embodiment of the prior art there is a DFBL associated with each EAM.
  • each space channel is coupled through a spot-size converter (SSC), SSC l through SSC 4 respectively, to a waveguide photodetector (WPD), WPD X through WPD 4 respectively.
  • SSC spot-size converter
  • WPD waveguide photodetector
  • Each SSC transforms the optical mode size from one that is compatible with low loss coupling to the singlemode optical fiber, SMF l through SMF 4 respectively, to the small mode size of the WPD and / or any intervening passive optical waveguide.
  • each WPD is coupled to a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), TIA l through TIA 4 respectively, which amplifies the electrical output of a WPD to provide the required drive voltage levels for the electronic receiver interfaces, Rx x through Rx 4 respectively.
  • TIA transimpedance amplifier
  • the multiple space channel receiver 100B provides in this instance 4 channels at XGb l s according to the design of the WPD and the associated TIA / Rx circuits. It would be evident that the number of space channels may be increased, for example to 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, etc, and that the data rate of each channel implemented may for example be the same or different, with typical data rates being 2.5Gb / s , 5Gb. / s , and ⁇ QGb / s .
  • WDM transmitter 200A as depicted in Figure 2A comprises an array of distributed feedback lasers, DFBL X to DFBL respectively operating at wavelengths ⁇ to ⁇ 4 respectively, whose outputs are coupled to four electro-absorption modulators (EAM), identified as EAM ⁇ through EAM respectively.
  • EAM electro-absorption modulators
  • Each EAM is coupled to a modulator driver, MD through MD 4 respectively, which provides the required drive voltage levels for modulating the CW output of the DFBL in response to data received from the electronic transmitter interfaces, Tx l through Tx 4 respectively.
  • each EAM is coupled to a WDM such that the wavelengths ⁇ to ⁇ 4 art combined onto a single output port of the WDM and therein to a spot-size converter SSC wherein the optical mode size is now adjusted to be compatible with low loss coupling to the singlemode optical fiber SMF.
  • the WDM transmitter 200A provides in this instance 4 channels at XGb l s according to the design of the EAM and the associated MD / Tx circuits onto a single output fiber.
  • the number of space channels may be increased, for example to 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, etc, and that the data rate of each channel implemented may for example be the same or different, with typical data rates being 2.5Gb I s , 5Gb.l s , & ⁇ QGb l s .
  • a WDM receiver 200B is depicted wherein the modulated optical input of the single space channel is coupled from the singlemode fiber SMF through a spot-size converter SSC to a WDM.
  • the SSC transforming the optical mode size from one that is compatible with low loss coupling to the singlemode optical fiber SMF to the small mode size of the WDM and / or any intervening passive optical waveguide.
  • the WDM splits the received optical signals at wavelengths ⁇ ⁇ to ⁇ 4 respectively and separates them such that each wavelength A, to ⁇ 4 is coupled to a single output port of the WDM.
  • Each output from the WDM is then coupled to a waveguide photodetector (WPD), WPD l through WPD 4 respectively wherein it converts its respective wavelength A, to A 4 to an electrical signal.
  • the output of each WPD is coupled to a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), TIA through TIA 4 respectively, which amplifies the electrical output of a WPD to provide the required drive voltage levels for the electronic receiver interfaces, Rx through Rx 4 respectively.
  • TIA transimpedance amplifier
  • the multiple space channel receiver 100B provides in this instance 4 channels at XGb / s according to the design of the WPD and the associated TIA / Rx circuits.
  • each of the WDM based transmitters 200A and receivers 200B respectively operates upon N x XGb /s channels which are transmitted and received via a single singlemode optical fiber rather than the N optical fibers of the multiple space channel transmitters 100A and receivers 100B.
  • SWDMTx 300 space and wavelength division multiplexed transmitter (SWDMTx) 300 according to an embodiment of the invention for N x M x XGb I s optical links.
  • SWDMTx 300 is depicted as comprising an array of M transmitter blocks 31 OA through 310M, a WDM, and a plurality N SSCs, being identified SSC ⁇ to SSC N respectively.
  • first transmitter block 310A then this comprises a first distributed feedback laser (DFBL ⁇ ) emitting at ⁇ , whose output is coupled through passive splitting to first to N electro-absorption modulators (EAM), identified as EAM through EAM N respectively.
  • DFBL ⁇ distributed feedback laser
  • EAM electro-absorption modulators
  • Each EAM is coupled to a modulator driver, MD n through MD lN respectively, which provides the required drive voltage levels for modulating the CW output of the DFBL ⁇ in response to data received from the electronic transmitter interfaces, Tx u through Tx w respectively.
  • the electronic transmitter interfaces, Tx through Tx lN respectively may be operating at 25Gb/s.
  • first transmitter block 31 OA provides N individual outputs from N EAMs, EAM n through EAM XN respectively, each at ⁇ which are coupled to the WDM wherein these are then coupled to the N outputs of the WDM, 01 P x to 01 P N respectively such that EAM is coupled to OI P , EAM n is coupled to 0/ P 2 , etc. through to EAM iN being coupled to OI P N .
  • second transmitter block 31 OB provides N individual outputs from N EAMs, EAM 2l through EAM 2N respectively, each at ⁇ 2 which are coupled to the WDM wherein these are then coupled to the N outputs of the WDM, 0 / P l to 01 P N respectively such that EAM 2 l is coupled to OZP t , EAM 22 is coupled to 01 P 2 , etc. through to EAM 2N being coupled to OIP N .
  • each output from the WDM comprises M wavelength division multiplexed signals, at 2, to ⁇ ⁇ .
  • Each WDM output is then coupled to a SSC for mode shape / dimension tailoring for coupling to the N optical fibers coupled to the SWDMTx 300.
  • first transmitter block 310A is electrically coupled to a first electronic block 320A comprising the N modulator drivers, MD through D 1W respectively, and the N electronic transmitter interfaces, Tx through Tx lN respectively.
  • second transmitter block 310B is coupled to second electronic block 320B, etc. until M' h transmitter block 310M is coupled to M' h electronic block 320M.
  • FIG. 4 this depicted a space and wavelength division multiplexed receiver (SWDMRx) 400 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • SWDMRx space and wavelength division multiplexed receiver
  • N singlemode optical fibers are coupled to the SWDMRx 400, each singlemode optical fiber supporting wavelength division multiplexed optical signals at M wavelengths A, to ⁇ ⁇ respectively.
  • SMF X first singlemode optical fiber
  • SMF X this is coupled via first SSC, SSC X , to the first input 11 P x of the WDM.
  • the WDM then demultiplexes the M wavelengths ⁇ ⁇ to ⁇ ⁇ to the appropriate outputs of the WDM and therein to waveguide photodetectors (WPDs).
  • WPDs waveguide photodetectors
  • first wavelength ⁇ ⁇ is coupled to WPD U , being the first WPD in first receiver array 41 OA
  • the second wavelength ⁇ 2 is coupled to WPD 2 , being the first WPD in second receiver array 410B, etc. until the M' h wavelength ⁇ ⁇ is coupled to WPD M , being the first WPD in M' h receiver array 410M.
  • second singlemode optical fiber SMF 2 then this is coupled via second SSC, SSC 2 , to the first input 11 P 2 of the WDM.
  • the WDM then demultiplexes the M wavelengths ⁇ to ⁇ ⁇ to the appropriate outputs of the WDM and therein to waveguide photodetectors (WPDs).
  • first wavelength ⁇ ⁇ is coupled to WPD 2 , being the second WPD in first receiver array 41 OA
  • the second wavelength ⁇ 2 is coupled to WPD 22 , being the second WPD in second receiver array 410B, etc. until the M' h wavelength ⁇ ⁇ is coupled to WPD M2 , being the second WPD in M' h receiver array 410M.
  • the N outputs from the N WPDs in the first receiver array 41 OA are then coupled to a first amplifier array of TIAs, 7X4, , to TIA XN , within the first electronic circuit 420A.
  • the TIAs amplify the electrical output of the WPDs to provide the required drive voltage levels for the first receiver interfaces, Rx u through Rx 1N respectively which also form part of the first electronic circuit 420A.
  • the second to M' h receiver arrays 41 OA through 410M respectively are coupled to second to M' h electronic circuits 420B through 420M respectively.
  • SWDMRx 400 provides for space and wavelength domain reception at N x M x XGb / s wherein each WPD is capable of operating at XGb l s and there are M blocks of N WPDs operating on M wavelengths.
  • N 4
  • M 4
  • X 25Gb I s then the SWDMRx 400 provides 400Gb / s link capacity.
  • the MGVI technique in which the optical waveguides of different functionality (hence composed from different materials) are monolithically integrated one above the other in a process of epitaxial growth and coupled through evanescent fields of their optical modes, provides a cost-efficient wafer fabrication technique offering versatile integration options for mass production of highly functional, inexpensive optical components such as SWDMTx 300 and SWDMRx 400 respectively.
  • FIG. 5 there is depicted a conceptualized layer structure for an MVGI device according to embodiments of the invention for implementing SWDMTx devices, such as SWDMTx 300 in Figure 3, is presented together with a prior art multiple space channel transmitter, such as multiple space channel transmitter 100A for example in Figure 1A.
  • the MGVI structure comprises:
  • 2nd guiding level 500B which provides a transparent passive waveguide above the coupling waveguide and below the active waveguides for on-chip tapping-off (e.g. for power monitoring), routing (e.g. to WDM multiplexer), beam splitting or multiplexing optical signals generated by the active devices at upper guiding levels for example;
  • the passive waveguide level, 2nd guiding level 500B is used to form a beam splitter (BS) which divides the laser output power in a number of same ⁇ lanes;
  • the passive waveguide level, 2nd guiding level 500B is used to form a WDM multiplexer (MUX) which combines signals from different ⁇ lanes into a common output port.
  • MUX WDM multiplexer
  • FIG. 6 there is depicted a conceptualized layer structure for an MVGI device according to embodiments of the invention for implementing SWDMTx devices, such as SWDMRx 400 in Figure 4, is presented together with a prior art multiple space channel transmitter, such as multiple space channel receiver 100B for example in Figure I B.
  • the MGVI structure comprises:
  • 1 st guiding level 600A provides the diluted coupling waveguide at the bottom of the vertical stack for low-loss, high alignment tolerance coupling to singlemode fiber;
  • 2nd guiding level 600B provides the transparent passive waveguide above the coupling waveguide and below the active waveguides for on-chip routing (e.g. to WDM demultiplexer, and multiplexing optical signals received through the optical port coupled to the fiber; and
  • the passive waveguide level, 2nd guiding level 700B is used to optically connect each PIN-WPD with its designated optical port, i.e. optical fiber, while the PIC overall comprises an array of PIN- WPDs connected to an array of fibers with one lane per fiber and all operating on the same ⁇ ; and • in a WDM Rx PIC, passive waveguide level, 2nd guiding level 600B, is used to form a WDM demultiplexer (DEMUX) which splits signals from different ⁇ lanes arriving through the same optical port via the same fiber to the different PIN-WPDs.
  • DEMUX WDM demultiplexer
  • the MGVI structure presented above in respect of Figure 5 comprising the 3rd guiding level 500C within which the EAMs are formed and the 4th guiding level 500D within which the DFBL(s) are formed may be repeated vertically to form 5 th and 6 th guiding levels respectively should the operating wavelength range of the MGVI PIC require devices operating at wider bandgaps such as for example a SWDMTx exploiting for example CWDM channel spacings thereby allowing removal of active temperature control of the SWDMTx PIC.
  • channel spacings may be for example 20nm according to ITU-T G.694.2 and across therefore a wavelength range of ⁇ 21 ⁇ nm ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 161 ⁇ nm .
  • Other channel plans may for example provide channels around 1310nm overlapping the 10GBASE-LX4 specification to provide compatibility with legacy systems together with channels at 1550nm for example or provide channels around 850nm as well as other wavelengths.
  • SWDMTx / SWDMRx / SWDMTxRx devices have been primarily described with DFB lasers and EAM external modulators. It would be evident that some or all emitters may be directly modulated DFB lasers or Fabry- Perot lasers without departing from the scope of the invention with respect to SWDMTx / SWDMRx / SWDMTxRx devices providing M lanes with N wavelengths per lane with a single WDM MUX/DEMUX element. In such embodiments there would be M sources at each of the N wavelengths.
  • a single optical signal may be split post-modulation thereby providing the same digital data on the same optical wavelength to a pre-determined portion of the output fibers.
  • a signaling and / or supervisory channel may be generated from a single emitter and coupled to all M lanes.
  • some wavelengths may be provided to all M lanes whilst other wavelengths may be provided to a predetermined subset of the M lanes.
  • embodiments of the invention have been described with respect to 25 Gb/s data rates for each of the N wavelengths on the M lanes it would be evident that other data rates may be employed including for example l OGb/s, 20Gb/s, and 40Gb/s without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • some wavelengths and / or lanes may exploit different data rates to other wavelengths and / or lanes.
  • the space wavelength domain transmitters and receivers according to embodiments of the invention operating on M wavelengths and N optical fibers (lanes) employ a single MUX or DEMUX rather than the N MUX / DEMUX components within the prior art.
  • the physical die dimension are defined by the MUX / DEMUX and not by passive elements, such as the fan out / fan in of the channels
  • direct factors such as die size is inversely proportional to the die per wafer and hence cost per die scales proportionally to die size
  • indirect factors such as yield loss for example arising from manufacturing defects which are typically proportional to die size and hence manufacturing yield similarly tends to be inversely proportional to the die size.
  • N x M increases then die size becomes defined initially by a combination of MUX/DEMUX and fan out / fan in and ultimately by fan out / fan in.
  • the different tradeoffs for increasing channel count versus cost can be simulated based upon manufacturing details such as cost per wafer, wafer size, photolithographic defect density, particulate defect density, etc.

Abstract

L'invention concerne des centres de données qui stockent et distribuent des données pour l'Internet et comprennent généralement de grands nombres de grappes de serveurs, chaque grappe étant constituée de 16 baies de 40 serveurs. En conséquence, les données, même si elles sont transportées sur des distances relativement courtes de plusieurs centaines de mètres, doivent avoir une latence minimale entraînant une demande pour des solutions de l00Gb/s entre les spécifications de 100m pour des liaisons de 100GBASE-SR10 et de 2km pour des liaisons de 100GBASE-LR4. Ces systèmes fermés peuvent exploiter des solutions de 4x25Gb/s aussi facilement que des l0xl0Gb/s conventionnels par voie. Des centres de données à multiples voies exigent une réduction de coûts, de puissance, de latence, etc. et recherchent des solutions à 4x4x25Gb/s, 8x4x25Gb/s et à 16x4x25Gb/s pour 400Gb/s, 800Gb/s et 1,6Tb/s. Dans un contexte d'exploitation des technologies WDM / CWDM à multiplexage temporel (MRT) haute vitesse repose le paradigme de fabrication de composants optiques courants basé principalement sur des sous-ensembles optiques en vrac entraînant un alignement optique exigeant en main d'œuvre, des encombrements importants et de multiples conditionnements coûteux. En conséquence, des modes de réalisation de l'invention assurent M voies généralisées de N longueurs d'onde à XGb /s avec un circuit intégré phonique (PIC) unique, un élément WDM unique assurant l'interconnexion optique exigée entre les M x N émetteurs ou détecteurs et les M voies.
PCT/CA2013/000572 2012-06-13 2013-06-13 Circuits intégrés photoniques pour émetteurs et récepteurs à multiplexage spatial par répartition en longueur d'onde WO2013185218A1 (fr)

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CN104601244B (zh) * 2014-12-22 2017-12-26 武汉电信器件有限公司 一种400Gb/s热插拔高速光收发模块
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CN114114529A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2022-03-01 瞻博网络公司 用于高信道计数光子学的光学再分布层
US20220069916A1 (en) * 2020-08-31 2022-03-03 Juniper Networks, Inc. Optical redistribution layers for high-channel-count photonics
KR20220029282A (ko) * 2020-08-31 2022-03-08 쥬니퍼 네트워크스, 인크. 고 채널 카운트 광자들에 대한 광 재분배 층들
JP2022041794A (ja) * 2020-08-31 2022-03-11 ジュニパー ネットワークス， インコーポレーテッド 高チャネルカウントフォトニクスのための光再分布層
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JP7259149B2 (ja) 2020-08-31 2023-04-18 オープンライト フォトニクス インコーポレイテッド 高チャネルカウントフォトニクスのための光再分布層
CN114114529B (zh) * 2020-08-31 2023-05-02 无盖灯光电公司 用于高信道计数光子学的光学再分布层
KR102540194B1 (ko) * 2020-08-31 2023-06-02 오픈라이트 포토닉스, 인크. 고 채널 카운트 광자들에 대한 광 재분배 층들

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