WO2013182722A1 - Method for producing starch from chufa (cyperus esculentus) and by-products of chufa for food use and for producing plastic materials - Google Patents
Method for producing starch from chufa (cyperus esculentus) and by-products of chufa for food use and for producing plastic materials Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013182722A1 WO2013182722A1 PCT/ES2013/070354 ES2013070354W WO2013182722A1 WO 2013182722 A1 WO2013182722 A1 WO 2013182722A1 ES 2013070354 W ES2013070354 W ES 2013070354W WO 2013182722 A1 WO2013182722 A1 WO 2013182722A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B30/00—Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
- C08B30/04—Extraction or purification
- C08B30/042—Extraction or purification from cereals or grains
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B30/00—Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
- C08B30/04—Extraction or purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
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- the present invention falls within the field of obtaining starch for food use, and for the manufacture of bioplastics by the addition of a plasticizer and the use of thermomechanical treatments. Specifically, this invention describes a method for extracting starch from chufa and its derivatives.
- Biomaterials are those materials made of compounds of animal or plant origin, such as proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and other compounds synthesized from living organisms. Biomaterials are defined as biomaterials whose thermomechanical characteristics resemble those of plastics originated from synthetic polymers derived from petroleum and which, thanks to these thermomechanical characteristics, can fulfill the role of synthetic plastics in certain applications. Starch is a polysaccharide of plant origin, which can be used, as mentioned, in the food sector and in the manufacture of bioplastics.
- starches as biopolymers for obtaining films and coatings.
- Several authors have described the possible use of starches from different plant sources (potato, corn, rice, etc.) in the preparation of homogeneous, transparent, strong and water resistant films by dispersing the starch in a solvent containing plasticizer, to then spread the film forming solution and dry it.
- the chufa also contains between 22% and 30% starch, twice, for example, than potatoes, which makes it an interesting source of raw material for the food industry and the bioplastics sector.
- the present invention relates to obtaining starches, and bioplastics derived therefrom, from chufa and by-products of chufa horchata.
- chufa starches are known, the state of the art does not contemplate the use of chufa starches for this function.
- starch is obtained by following the following method:
- the crushing can be carried out, for example, with a stainless steel grinder mill, the sieve preferably having dimensions between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.
- the filters that are normally used are cotton or cellulose paper.
- step e the desired pH and the correct homogenization of the bleaching agent and the liquid phase obtained in the previous step can be achieved with a great variety of concentration values of bleaching agent (between 0.5 g / l and 15 g / l) and stirring speed (between 5 rpm and 750 rpm), as already mentioned.
- the homogenization time is variable; Normally, its value is between 1 and 24 hours.
- the bleaching agent used it is usual to be one of the following: titanium dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium acid sulfite, sodium metasulfite, potassium metabisulfite or calcium sulphite.
- both the stirring speed and the time necessary for the precipitate to occur can take very different values: between 5 rpm and 750 rpm, and between 6 and 48 hours respectively.
- the most common precipitating agents are the basic salts, among which are: calcium chloride, iron carbonate, aluminum sulfate, ammonium sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium nitrate or ammonium nitrate.
- the deposit in which the mixtures of the two previous stages are made can be made of various materials that adapt to the characteristics of the processes carried out; Stainless steel is one of them.
- the time required for drying in an oven in step i) varies depending on the temperature and the characteristics of the stove; The usual values are between 6 and 72 hours.
- Examples of stoves suitable for drying are those of natural convection, forced convection or vacuum.
- the starch it is possible to use it for the manufacture of bioplastics in the same way as it can be done in the case of starches from other vegetables.
- the biodegradable materials obtained from the use of starches as biopolymers are generally fragile and brittle;
- a plasticizer that increases cohesion and resistance must be added.
- the plasticizers used in the case of starch are usually selected from the group consisting of water, glycerin, sorbitol, glycerol, propylene glycol, sucrose, polyethylene glycol, fatty acids, monoglycerides and mixtures thereof.
- other compounds whose molecular characteristics are similar to these can be used.
- the process of mixing starch and plasticizers is carried out in a batch mixing device, such as a mixer or an extruder, whose speed in revolutions per minute can vary widely; The results sought for speeds between 2 rpm and 1000 rpm have been achieved.
- a batch mixing device such as a mixer or an extruder, whose speed in revolutions per minute can vary widely; The results sought for speeds between 2 rpm and 1000 rpm have been achieved.
- As for the temperature adequate mixing is achieved under isothermal conditions at temperatures both lower and higher than those of starch gelation: again the possible range is very wide, between 10 ° C and 200 ° C;
- the concentration of plasticizer meanwhile, is usually not more than 60%.
- the subsequent molding can also be carried out under very different pressure and temperature conditions: between 0 and 500 bar and between 10 ° C and 200 ° C respectively.
- Example 2 Starch extraction from products of the baking industry.
- Example 3 Method of preparing the bioplastic material from chufa starch or chufa byproduct.
- a 66% concentration of chufa starch and 33% plasticizer is used to make a bioplastic.
- the plasticizer used is glycerin.
- Both components are mixed in adiabatic conditions, in a stainless steel equipment with stirring and temperature control, starting the operation at 18 ° C.
- the mixing time is 15 minutes at a speed of 180 rpm, after which a completely homogeneous mass is obtained. Subsequently, the dough is removed from the mixing device and allowed to cool to room temperature.
- the molding and compression stage is carried out, in this particular embodiment, in a hot plate press with temperature control. Stainless steel molds coated by aluminum sheets are used. All preparations are carried out with a molding time of 10 minutes.
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of starch production for food use, for the production of bioplastic materials by means of the addition of a plasticizer, and for the use of thermomechanical treatments. Concretely, the invention relates to a method for extracting starch from chufa and from the derivatives thereof.
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE ALMIDÓN A PARTIR DE CHUFA PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING ALMIDÓN FROM CHUFA
(CYPERUS ESCULENTUS) Y DE SUBPRODUCTOS DE LA CHUFA PARA USO ALIMENTARIO Y PARA LA FABRICACION DE PLASTICOS (CYPERUS ESCULENTUS) AND CHUFA SUBPRODUCTS FOR FOOD USE AND PLASTICS MANUFACTURING
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se engloba dentro del campo de la obtención de almidón para uso alimentario, y para la fabricación de bioplásticos mediante la adición de un plastificante y la utilización de tratamientos termomecánicos. En concreto, esta invención describe un método para la extracción de almidón a partir de la chufa y de sus derivados. The present invention falls within the field of obtaining starch for food use, and for the manufacture of bioplastics by the addition of a plasticizer and the use of thermomechanical treatments. Specifically, this invention describes a method for extracting starch from chufa and its derivatives.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Se entiende por biomateriales aquellos materiales fabricados de compuestos de origen animal o vegetal, como proteínas, lípidos, polisacáridos y demás compuestos sintetizados a partir de organismos vivos. Se definen como bioplásticos aquellos biomateriales cuyas características termomecánicas se asemejan a las de los plásticos originados a partir de polímeros sintéticos derivados del petróleo y que, gracias a estas características termomecánicas, pueden llegar a desempeñar el cometido de los plásticos sintéticos en determinadas aplicaciones. El almidón es un polisacárido de origen vegetal, que puede usarse, como se ha dicho, en el sector alimentario y en la fabricación de bioplásticos. Biomaterials are those materials made of compounds of animal or plant origin, such as proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and other compounds synthesized from living organisms. Biomaterials are defined as biomaterials whose thermomechanical characteristics resemble those of plastics originated from synthetic polymers derived from petroleum and which, thanks to these thermomechanical characteristics, can fulfill the role of synthetic plastics in certain applications. Starch is a polysaccharide of plant origin, which can be used, as mentioned, in the food sector and in the manufacture of bioplastics.
Las diferentes funciones de estos nuevos biomateriales van desde la producción de plásticos biodegradables para el empaquetado hasta la fabricación de films o adhesivos, los cuales tienen, entre otras ventajas, la propiedad de ser biodegradables; por otra parte, su elaboración supone una gran oportunidad para que ciertos productos secundarios de la industria alimentaria encuentren un nuevo uso y con ello aumenten su valor. The different functions of these new biomaterials range from the production of biodegradable plastics for packaging to the manufacture of films or adhesives, which have, among other advantages, the property of being biodegradable; On the other hand, its elaboration represents a great opportunity for certain secondary products of the food industry to find a new use and thereby increase their value.
Además, la importancia de estos nuevos materiales biodegradables no sólo radica en la reducción del volumen de residuos; también conllevan un importante ahorro de las reservas petrolíferas destinadas a la producción de polímeros sintéticos. In addition, the importance of these new biodegradable materials not only lies in the reduction of the volume of waste; they also entail significant savings in oil reserves destined for the production of synthetic polymers.
El uso de almidones como biopolímeros para la obtención de films y recubrimientos es ya conocido. Varios autores han descrito la posible utilización de almidones de distintas fuentes vegetales (patata, maíz, arroz, etc.) en la preparación de films homogéneos, transparentes, fuertes y resistentes al agua mediante la dispersión del almidón en un disolvente que contiene plastificante, para después esparcir la solución formadora del film y someterla a secado. Algunos ejemplos de estos métodos se describen en: The use of starches as biopolymers for obtaining films and coatings is already known. Several authors have described the possible use of starches from different plant sources (potato, corn, rice, etc.) in the preparation of homogeneous, transparent, strong and water resistant films by dispersing the starch in a solvent containing plasticizer, to then spread the film forming solution and dry it. Some examples of these methods are described in:
• Mensitieri et al., 2010, "Processing and shelf life issues of selected food packaging materials and structures from renewable resources". Trends in Food Science & Technology, 1-9. • Mensitieri et al., 2010, "Processing and shelf life issues of selected food packaging materials and structures from renewable resources". Trends in Food Science & Technology, 1-9.
• Zeng et al., 2010, "Mechanical Properties of Thermo-moulded Biofilms in Relation to Proteins/Starch Interactions". Food Biophysics, 1-9. • Zeng et al., 2010, "Mechanical Properties of Thermo-moulded Biofilms in Relation to Proteins / Starch Interactions". Food Biophysics, 1-9.
· López et al., 2008, "Film forming capacity of chemically modified corn starches". Carbohydrate Polymers 73 (4), 573-581. · López et al., 2008, "Film forming capacity of chemically modified corn starches". Carbohydrate Polymers 73 (4), 573-581.
• Micard et al., 2000, "Wheat Gluten Film: Improvement of Mechanical Properties by Chemical and Physical Treatments" in Wheat Gluten 2000 Proceedings, Ed. P.R. Shewry, Cambridge, U.K.: Royal Society of Chemistry. 356.360.
• Krotcha, J.M. 1997, "Edible Composite Moisture Barrier Films" in Packaging Yearbook: 1996, Ed. B. Blakistone, Washington, D.C.: National Food Processors Association. 38-44. Sin embargo, en ningún documento del estado de la técnica se menciona el uso de la chufa, o de sus derivados, con estos fines; tomando como ejemplo la elaboración de la horchata, sus subproductos suponen hasta el 60% del material vegetal original, de manera que la gestión final de estos residuos supone un problema. Su destino más común es la alimentación animal o la utilización como combustible orgánico, así como la producción de chufas de destrío o de uso no alimentario. • Micard et al., 2000, "Wheat Gluten Film: Improvement of Mechanical Properties by Chemical and Physical Treatments" in Wheat Gluten 2000 Proceedings, Ed. PR Shewry, Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry. 356,360. • Krotcha, JM 1997, "Edible Composite Moisture Barrier Films" in Packaging Yearbook: 1996, Ed. B. Blakistone, Washington, DC: National Food Processors Association. 38-44. However, the use of chufa, or its derivatives, for these purposes is not mentioned in any prior art document; taking as an example the preparation of horchata, its by-products represent up to 60% of the original plant material, so that the final management of these wastes is a problem. Its most common destination is animal feed or use as an organic fuel, as well as the production of desserts or non-food chufas.
La chufa, además, contiene entre 22% y un 30% de almidón, el doble, por ejemplo, que las patatas, lo que la convierte en una fuente interesante de materia prima para la industria alimentaria y el sector de los bioplásticos. The chufa also contains between 22% and 30% starch, twice, for example, than potatoes, which makes it an interesting source of raw material for the food industry and the bioplastics sector.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a la obtención de almidones, y de bioplásticos derivados de éstos, a partir de la chufa y de los subproductos de la horchata de chufa. Como se dijo anteriormente, aunque la obtención de films a partir de biopolímeros de almidón obtenidos de fuentes vegetales es conocida, el estado de la técnica no contempla el uso de almidones de la chufa para esta función. The present invention relates to obtaining starches, and bioplastics derived therefrom, from chufa and by-products of chufa horchata. As stated earlier, although obtaining films from starch biopolymers obtained from vegetable sources is known, the state of the art does not contemplate the use of chufa starches for this function.
En el aspecto inventivo más general de la invención, el almidón se obtiene siguiendo el siguiente método: In the more general inventive aspect of the invention, starch is obtained by following the following method:
• a) Hidratación de la chufa con agua destilada a una temperatura de entre 4 °C y 40°C. • a) Hydrating the chufa with distilled water at a temperature between 4 ° C and 40 ° C.
• b) Triturado de la chufa hidratada. • b) Crushed hydrated chufa.
· c) Prensado del producto resultante en el paso anterior. · C) Pressing of the resulting product in the previous step.
• d) Filtrado de las fases líquida y sólida resultantes del paso anterior mediante un filtro con un nivel de retención de partículas comprendido entre 5 μηι y 25 μηι. • d) Filtration of the liquid and solid phases resulting from the previous step by means of a filter with a level of particle retention between 5 μηι and 25 μηι.
• e) Mezclado de la fase líquida resultante del paso anterior con un agente blanqueador de concentración comprendida entre 0,5 g/l y 15 g/l mediante su agitación a una velocidad de entre 5 y 750 revoluciones por minuto hasta alcanzar un pH básico. • e) Mixing of the liquid phase resulting from the previous step with a bleaching agent with a concentration between 0.5 g / l and 15 g / l by stirring at a speed of between 5 and 750 revolutions per minute until a basic pH is reached.
• f) Mezclado del producto obtenido en el paso anterior con un agente precipitante, a una velocidad de entre 5 y 750 revoluciones por minuto. • f) Mixing of the product obtained in the previous step with a precipitating agent, at a speed of between 5 and 750 revolutions per minute.
• g) Recogida del precipitado por medio de filtros de membrana con un tamaño de poro de entre 1 μηι y 12 μηι o por medio de filtros de celulosa con una retención de partículas entre 2,5 μηι y 15 μηι. • g) Collection of the precipitate by means of membrane filters with a pore size between 1 μηι and 12 μηι or by means of cellulose filters with a particle retention between 2.5 μηι and 15 μηι.
• h) Lavado en agua destilada a una temperatura entre 4°C y 40°C. • h) Washing in distilled water at a temperature between 4 ° C and 40 ° C.
• i) Secado del producto en una estufa a una temperatura entre 5°C y 200°C. • i) Drying the product in an oven at a temperature between 5 ° C and 200 ° C.
En el estado de la técnica, para la obtención de almidón a partir de vegetales se sigue un proceso en el cual se trabaja siempre en condiciones ácidas. Ventajosamente, de ha descubierto en el desarrollo de la presente invención que la obtención de almidón a partir de la chufa puede conseguirse en condiciones básicas, y lo que resulta aún más sorprendente, que precisamente es en estas condiciones básicas (concretamente, para valores de pH entre 8 y 9) donde se obtiene un mayor rendimiento de extracción de almidón.
Por tanto, la extracción de almidón a partir de la chufa según esté método no sólo tiene la ventaja de hacer posible el aprovechamiento de subproductos resultantes de la utilización de la chufa para obtener, por ejemplo, horchata, sino que además se diferencia del estado de la técnica en que el rendimiento en la obtención de almidón se maximiza para los valores de pH básicos mencionados. In the state of the art, to obtain starch from vegetables, a process is followed in which one always works in acidic conditions. Advantageously, it has been discovered in the development of the present invention that obtaining starch from the chufa can be achieved under basic conditions, and what is even more surprising, which is precisely in these basic conditions (specifically, for pH values between 8 and 9) where a higher yield of starch extraction is obtained. Therefore, the extraction of starch from the chufa according to this method not only has the advantage of making possible the use of by-products resulting from the use of the chufa to obtain, for example, horchata, but also differs from the state of the technique in which the yield in obtaining starch is maximized for the basic pH values mentioned.
En referencia, precisamente, a la obtención de almidón a partir de los subproductos de la horchata, los pasos a seguir son los mismos que se han enumerado anteriormente teniendo en cuenta que los dos primeros pasos, hidratación y triturado son etapas que se llevan a cabo en la obtención del subproducto de la chufa. In reference, precisely, to obtaining starch from the by-products of the horchata, the steps to be followed are the same as those listed above taking into account that the first two steps, hydration and crushing are stages that are carried out in obtaining the chufa byproduct.
En la etapa b), el triturado puede llevarse a cabo, por ejemplo, con un molino triturador de acero inoxidable, cuyo tamiz, preferentemente, tenga unas dimensiones de entre 0,1 mm y 10mm. In step b), the crushing can be carried out, for example, with a stainless steel grinder mill, the sieve preferably having dimensions between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.
En la etapa d), los filtros que normalmente se utilizan son de algodón o de papel de celulosa. In step d), the filters that are normally used are cotton or cellulose paper.
En la etapa e), se puede conseguir el pH deseado y la correcta homogeneización del agente blanqueador y la fase líquida obtenida en el paso anterior con una gran variedad de valores de concentración de agente blanqueador (entre 0,5 g/l y 15 g/l) y de velocidad de agitación (entre 5 rpm y 750 rpm), como ya se ha mencionado. El tiempo de homogeneización es variable; normalmente, su valor está comprendido entre 1 y 24 horas. Con respecto al agente blanqueador utilizado, es usual que se trate de uno de los siguientes: dióxido de titanio, dióxido de azufre, sulfito sódico, sulfito ácido de sodio, metasulfito sódico, metabisulfito potásico o sulfito cálcico. In step e), the desired pH and the correct homogenization of the bleaching agent and the liquid phase obtained in the previous step can be achieved with a great variety of concentration values of bleaching agent (between 0.5 g / l and 15 g / l) and stirring speed (between 5 rpm and 750 rpm), as already mentioned. The homogenization time is variable; Normally, its value is between 1 and 24 hours. With respect to the bleaching agent used, it is usual to be one of the following: titanium dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium acid sulfite, sodium metasulfite, potassium metabisulfite or calcium sulphite.
En la etapa f), de igual forma, tanto la velocidad de agitado como el tiempo necesario para que se produzca el precipitado pueden tomar valores muy distintos: entre 5 rpm y 750 rpm, y entre 6 y 48 horas respectivamente. Los agentes precipitantes más comunes son las sales básicas, entre las que cabe mencionar: cloruro de calcio, carbonato de hierro, sulfato de aluminio, sulfato de amonio, sulfato de cobre, nitrato de magnesio o nitrato de amonio. In step f), likewise, both the stirring speed and the time necessary for the precipitate to occur can take very different values: between 5 rpm and 750 rpm, and between 6 and 48 hours respectively. The most common precipitating agents are the basic salts, among which are: calcium chloride, iron carbonate, aluminum sulfate, ammonium sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium nitrate or ammonium nitrate.
El depósito en el que se realizan las mezclas de las dos etapas anteriores puede estar fabricado de diversos materiales que se adapten a las características de los procesos llevados a cabo; el acero inoxidable es uno de ellos. The deposit in which the mixtures of the two previous stages are made can be made of various materials that adapt to the characteristics of the processes carried out; Stainless steel is one of them.
Por último, el tiempo necesario para el secado en estufa del paso i) varía en función de la temperatura y de las características de la estufa; los valores habituales están comprendidos entre 6 y 72 horas. Ejemplos de estufas adecuadas para este secado son las de convección natural, las de convección forzada o las de vacío. Finally, the time required for drying in an oven in step i) varies depending on the temperature and the characteristics of the stove; The usual values are between 6 and 72 hours. Examples of stoves suitable for drying are those of natural convection, forced convection or vacuum.
Una vez se tiene el almidón, es posible utilizarlo para la fabricación de bioplásticos de igual modo a cómo puede hacerse en el caso de los almidones de otros vegetales. Sin embargo, los materiales biodegradables obtenidos a partir del empleo de almidones como biopolímeros son generalmente frágiles y quebradizos; para que estos bioplásticos tengan valores de elasticidad y consistencia similares a los obtenidos en polímeros sintéticos debe añadirse un plastificante que aumente la cohesión y la resistencia. Los plastificantes utilizados en el caso del almidón se seleccionan, habitualmente, del grupo formado por agua, glicerina, sorbitol, glicerol, propilenglicol, sucrosa, polietilenglicol, ácidos grasos, monoglicéridos y mezclas de los mismos. No obstante, pueden usarse otros compuestos cuyas características moleculares sean similares a éstos.
El procedimiento de mezclado del almidón y los plastificantes se realiza en un dispositivo de mezclado discontinuo, tales como una amansadora o una extrusora, cuya velocidad en revoluciones por minuto puede variar ampliamente; se han alcanzado los resultados buscados para velocidades entre 2 rpm y 1000 rpm. En cuanto a la temperatura, se consigue un mezclado adecuado en condiciones isotermas a temperaturas tanto menores como mayores que las de gelificación del almidón: de nuevo el rango posible es muy amplio, entre 10°C y 200°C; la concentración de plastificante, por su parte, no suele ser superior al 60%. Once you have the starch, it is possible to use it for the manufacture of bioplastics in the same way as it can be done in the case of starches from other vegetables. However, the biodegradable materials obtained from the use of starches as biopolymers are generally fragile and brittle; For these bioplastics to have elasticity and consistency values similar to those obtained in synthetic polymers, a plasticizer that increases cohesion and resistance must be added. The plasticizers used in the case of starch are usually selected from the group consisting of water, glycerin, sorbitol, glycerol, propylene glycol, sucrose, polyethylene glycol, fatty acids, monoglycerides and mixtures thereof. However, other compounds whose molecular characteristics are similar to these can be used. The process of mixing starch and plasticizers is carried out in a batch mixing device, such as a mixer or an extruder, whose speed in revolutions per minute can vary widely; The results sought for speeds between 2 rpm and 1000 rpm have been achieved. As for the temperature, adequate mixing is achieved under isothermal conditions at temperatures both lower and higher than those of starch gelation: again the possible range is very wide, between 10 ° C and 200 ° C; The concentration of plasticizer, meanwhile, is usually not more than 60%.
El posterior moldeo, igualmente, puede realizarse en condiciones de presión y temperatura muy dispares: entre 0 y 500 bares y entre 10°C y 200°C respectivamente. The subsequent molding can also be carried out under very different pressure and temperature conditions: between 0 and 500 bar and between 10 ° C and 200 ° C respectively.
EXPOSICIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION
A continuación se detallan tres ejemplos de realización de la invención; su propósito es meramente ilustrativo, sus características no son limitativas para la invención. Three examples of embodiment of the invention are detailed below; Its purpose is merely illustrative, its characteristics are not limiting to the invention.
Ejemplo 1. Extracción de almidón de chufa. Example 1. Chufa starch extraction.
Esta realización particular comprende los siguientes pasos: This particular embodiment comprises the following steps:
-hidratación de las chufas con una proporción chufa-agua del 50%. -hydration of the chufas with a chufa-water proportion of 50%.
-triturado de las chufas hidratadas en un molino triturador de acero inoxidable con tamiz de 5 mm al que se añade un caudal uniforme de agua de 3 litros por kilogramo de chufa inicial. - Crushed hydrated chufas in a stainless steel grinder mill with a 5 mm sieve to which a uniform water flow of 3 liters per kilogram of initial chufa is added.
-prensado manual. - manual pressing.
-filtrado con un filtro de papel de celulosa, con una retención de partículas de 12 μηι. -mezclado del líquido filtrado en un recipiente de acero inoxidable con una concentración de dióxido de titanio de 2 g/l durante 8 minutos hasta alcanzar un pH de 8,3. Homogeneización por agitación durante 6 horas a una velocidad de 250 rpm. -filtered with a cellulose paper filter, with a particle retention of 12 μηι. -mixing the filtered liquid in a stainless steel container with a concentration of titanium dioxide of 2 g / l for 8 minutes until reaching a pH of 8.3. Stir homogenization for 6 hours at a speed of 250 rpm.
-mezclado del producto obtenido con cloruro de calcio hasta alcanzar un pH de 8,5, y agitado durante 10 minutos a una velocidad de 250 rpm. El producto resultante se deja precipitar 16 horas. -mixing of the product obtained with calcium chloride until it reaches a pH of 8.5, and stirred for 10 minutes at a speed of 250 rpm. The resulting product is allowed to precipitate 16 hours.
-el precipitado se recupera mediante filtración. -the precipitate is recovered by filtration.
-lavado con agua destilada a una temperatura de 20°C. -wash with distilled water at a temperature of 20 ° C.
-el producto resultante se deseca en una estufa de convección natural durante 48 horas a 105 °C. -the resulting product is dried in a natural convection oven for 48 hours at 105 ° C.
Ejemplo 2: Extracción de almidón a partir de productos de la industria horchatera.Example 2: Starch extraction from products of the baking industry.
Esta realización particular comprende los siguientes pasos: This particular embodiment comprises the following steps:
-prensado manual del subproducto procedente de la elaboración de la horchata de chufa, proceso de elaboración que ya ha llevado a cabo una hidratación y triturado de la chufa.
-filtrado con un filtro de papel de celulosa, con una retención de partículas de 12 μηι.- Manual pressing of the by-product from the preparation of the chufa horchata, a process that has already carried out a hydration and crushing of the chufa. -filtered with a cellulose paper filter, with a particle retention of 12 μηι.
- mezclado en un recipiente de acero inoxidable con una proporción de metabisulfito de potasio de 2 g/L durante 8 minutos hasta alcanzar un pH de 8. Posteriormente, la mezcla resultante fue homogeneizada por agitación durante 6 horas, a una velocidad de 250 rpm.- mixed in a stainless steel vessel with a proportion of potassium metabisulfite of 2 g / L for 8 minutes until reaching a pH of 8. Subsequently, the resulting mixture was homogenized by stirring for 6 hours, at a speed of 250 rpm.
-mezclado del producto con nitrato de sodio, hasta alcanzar un pH de 8,2 y agitado durante 10 minutos, a una velocidad de 250 rpm. El producto resultante se dejó precipitar 16 horas. -mixed the product with sodium nitrate, until reaching a pH of 8.2 and stirred for 10 minutes, at a speed of 250 rpm. The resulting product was allowed to precipitate 16 hours.
-recuperación del precipitado mediante filtración. - recovery of the precipitate by filtration.
-lavado con agua destilada a una temperatura de 20°C. -wash with distilled water at a temperature of 20 ° C.
-el producto resultante se deseca en una estufa de convección natural durante 48 horas a 105 °C. Ejemplo 3: Método de preparación del material bioplástico a partir de almidón de chufa o de subproducto de chufa. -the resulting product is dried in a natural convection oven for 48 hours at 105 ° C. Example 3: Method of preparing the bioplastic material from chufa starch or chufa byproduct.
En esta realización particular, se emplea una concentración del 66% de almidón de chufa y del 33% de plastificante para fabricar un bioplástico. El plastificante empleado es glicerina. In this particular embodiment, a 66% concentration of chufa starch and 33% plasticizer is used to make a bioplastic. The plasticizer used is glycerin.
Ambos componentes se mezclan en condiciones adiabáticas, en un equipo de acero inoxidable con agitación y control de temperatura, comenzando la operación a 18°C. El tiempo de mezclado es de 15 minutos a una velocidad de 180 rpm, tras lo cual se obtiene una masa totalmente homogénea. Posteriormente, la masa es retirada del dispositivo de mezclado y se deja enfriar hasta temperatura ambiente. Both components are mixed in adiabatic conditions, in a stainless steel equipment with stirring and temperature control, starting the operation at 18 ° C. The mixing time is 15 minutes at a speed of 180 rpm, after which a completely homogeneous mass is obtained. Subsequently, the dough is removed from the mixing device and allowed to cool to room temperature.
La etapa de moldeo y compresión se realiza, en esta realización particular, en una prensa de platos calientes con control de temperatura. Se emplean moldes de acero inoxidable recubiertos por láminas de aluminio. Todas las preparaciones se llevan a cabo con un tiempo de moldeo de 10 minutos.
The molding and compression stage is carried out, in this particular embodiment, in a hot plate press with temperature control. Stainless steel molds coated by aluminum sheets are used. All preparations are carried out with a molding time of 10 minutes.
Claims
1. - Método para la obtención de almidón a partir de la chufa o un subproducto de la chufa que comprende las siguientes etapas: 1. - Method for obtaining starch from the chufa or a by-product of the chufa comprising the following stages:
• a) hidratación de la chufa con agua destilada a una temperatura de entre 4 °C y 40°C, • a) hydrating the chufa with distilled water at a temperature between 4 ° C and 40 ° C,
• b) triturado de la chufa hidratada, • b) crushed hydrated chufa,
• c) prensado del producto resultante en el paso anterior, • c) pressing the resulting product in the previous step,
· d) filtrado de las fases líquida y sólida resultantes del paso anterior mediante un filtro con un nivel de retención de partículas comprendido entre 5 μηι y 25 μηι, D) filtering of the liquid and solid phases resulting from the previous step by means of a filter with a level of particle retention between 5 μηι and 25 μηι,
• e) mezclado de la fase líquida resultante del paso anterior con un agente blanqueador de concentración comprendida entre 0,5 g/l y 15 g/l mediante su agitación a una velocidad de entre 5 y 750 revoluciones por minuto, • e) mixing the liquid phase resulting from the previous step with a bleaching agent with a concentration between 0.5 g / l and 15 g / l by stirring at a speed of between 5 and 750 revolutions per minute,
· f) mezclado del producto obtenido en el paso anterior con un agente precipitante, a una velocidad de entre 5 y 750 revoluciones por minuto, F) mixing the product obtained in the previous step with a precipitating agent, at a speed of between 5 and 750 revolutions per minute,
• g) recogida del precipitado por medio de filtros con un tamaño de poro de entre 1 μηι y 12 μηι, • g) collection of the precipitate by means of filters with a pore size between 1 μηι and 12 μηι,
• h) lavado en agua destilada a una temperatura entre 4°C y 40°C, • h) washing in distilled water at a temperature between 4 ° C and 40 ° C,
· i) secado del producto en una estufa a una temperatura entre 5°C y 200°C. · I) drying the product in an oven at a temperature between 5 ° C and 200 ° C.
caracterizado porque en la etapa e) se alcanza un pH básico que se mantiene a lo largo del resto del procedimiento. characterized in that in step e) a basic pH is reached which is maintained throughout the rest of the process.
2. - Método según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el pH que se alcanza en la etapa e) de la reivindicación 1 y que se mantiene a lo largo del resto del procedimiento tiene un valor comprendido entre 8 y 9. 2. - Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the pH that is reached in step e) of claim 1 and that is maintained throughout the rest of the process has a value between 8 and 9.
3. - Método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque el agente blanqueador de la etapa e) de la reivindicación 1 es uno de los siguientes elementos: dióxido de titanio, dióxido de azufre, sulfito sódico, sulfito ácido de sodio, metasulfito sódico, metabisulfito potásico o sulfito cálcico. 3. - Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the bleaching agent of step e) of claim 1 is one of the following elements: titanium dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium acid sulfite, sodium metasulfite, potassium metabisulfite or calcium sulphite.
4. - Método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque el agente precipitante de la etapa f) de la reivindicación 1 es una sal básica. 4. - Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the precipitating agent of step f) of claim 1 is a basic salt.
5. - Método según la reivindicación anterior caracterizado porque la sal básica es una de las siguientes: cloruro de calcio, carbonato de hierro, sulfato de aluminio, sulfato de amonio, sulfato de cobre, nitrato de magnesio o nitrato de amonio. 5. - Method according to the preceding claim characterized in that the basic salt is one of the following: calcium chloride, iron carbonate, aluminum sulfate, ammonium sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium nitrate or ammonium nitrate.
6.- Método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque los mezclados de las etapas e), f), o ambas de la reivindicación 1 se realizan en depósitos de acero inoxidable. 6. Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the mixtures of steps e), f), or both of claim 1 are carried out in stainless steel tanks.
7.- Método para la fabricación de bioplásticos a partir de un almidón obtenido según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque además comprende las siguientes etapas: 7. Method for the manufacture of bioplastics from a starch obtained according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises the following steps:
• mezclado del almidón obtenido con un plastificante mediante un dispositivo de mezclado discontinuo a una velocidad de entre 2rpm y 1000rpm y a una temperatura de entre 10°C y 200°C, • mixing of the starch obtained with a plasticizer by means of a batch mixing device at a speed between 2rpm and 1000rpm and at a temperature between 10 ° C and 200 ° C,
• moldeo y compresión del producto obtenido en el paso anterior, a una presión menor que 500 bares y a una temperatura comprendida entre 10°C y 200°C.
• molding and compression of the product obtained in the previous step, at a pressure less than 500 bar and at a temperature between 10 ° C and 200 ° C.
8.- Método según la reivindicación anterior caracterizado porque el plastificante es uno de entre el grupo siguiente: agua, glicerina, sorbitol, glicerol, propilenglicol, sucrosa, polietilenglicol, ácidos grasos y monoglicéridos y una mezcla de los mismos.
8. Method according to the preceding claim characterized in that the plasticizer is one of the following group: water, glycerin, sorbitol, glycerol, propylene glycol, sucrose, polyethylene glycol, fatty acids and monoglycerides and a mixture thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESP201230883 | 2012-06-07 | ||
| ES201230883A ES2437543B2 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2012-06-07 | Procedure for obtaining starch from chufa (Cyperus esculentus) and by-products of the chufa for food use and for the manufacture of plastics. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013182722A1 true WO2013182722A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2013/070354 WO2013182722A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2013-06-03 | Method for producing starch from chufa (cyperus esculentus) and by-products of chufa for food use and for producing plastic materials |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2437543B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013182722A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107022034A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-08-08 | 钟山县洲星食品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of water chestnut starch |
| CN111909280A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Method for extracting alpha-starch from cyperus esculentus |
| CN115141287A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-04 | 迈安德集团有限公司 | Method for preparing wheat starch and wheat gluten from posterior powder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3948677A (en) * | 1973-05-09 | 1976-04-06 | Westfalia Separator Ag | Process for the recovery of starch from the cellular tissue of root crops |
| ES2364831A1 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-09-15 | Asociacion De Investigacion De Materiales Plasticos Y Conexas | Procedure for the obtaining of thermoplastic starch and thermoplastic starch obtained from such procedure. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
-
2012
- 2012-06-07 ES ES201230883A patent/ES2437543B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-06-03 WO PCT/ES2013/070354 patent/WO2013182722A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3948677A (en) * | 1973-05-09 | 1976-04-06 | Westfalia Separator Ag | Process for the recovery of starch from the cellular tissue of root crops |
| ES2364831A1 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-09-15 | Asociacion De Investigacion De Materiales Plasticos Y Conexas | Procedure for the obtaining of thermoplastic starch and thermoplastic starch obtained from such procedure. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| WISCHMANN, T. ET AL.: "Testing properties of potato starch from different scales of isolation-A ringtest.", JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING, vol. 79, 2007, pages 970 - 978 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107022034A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-08-08 | 钟山县洲星食品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of water chestnut starch |
| CN111909280A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Method for extracting alpha-starch from cyperus esculentus |
| CN115141287A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-04 | 迈安德集团有限公司 | Method for preparing wheat starch and wheat gluten from posterior powder |
| CN115141287B (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2023-08-25 | 迈安德集团有限公司 | Method for preparing wheat starch and wheat gluten from back-road flour |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2437543B2 (en) | 2014-10-06 |
| ES2437543A1 (en) | 2014-01-10 |
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