WO2013177951A1 - 一种太阳能光热接收装置 - Google Patents

一种太阳能光热接收装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013177951A1
WO2013177951A1 PCT/CN2013/000640 CN2013000640W WO2013177951A1 WO 2013177951 A1 WO2013177951 A1 WO 2013177951A1 CN 2013000640 W CN2013000640 W CN 2013000640W WO 2013177951 A1 WO2013177951 A1 WO 2013177951A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
solar thermal
absorption heat
auxiliary
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/000640
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘阳
Original Assignee
北京兆阳能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京兆阳能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 北京兆阳能源技术有限公司
Priority to EP13796615.6A priority Critical patent/EP2857775A4/en
Priority to AU2013270295A priority patent/AU2013270295B2/en
Publication of WO2013177951A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013177951A1/zh
Priority to US14/557,408 priority patent/US20150083114A1/en
Priority to ZA2014/09166A priority patent/ZA201409166B/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/25—Solar heat collectors using working fluids having two or more passages for the same working fluid layered in direction of solar-rays, e.g. having upper circulation channels connected with lower circulation channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/72—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being integrated in a block; the tubular conduits touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/60—Thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
    • F24S70/65—Combinations of two or more absorbing elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar thermal receiver that is applied to the field of solar thermal utilization.
  • the Concentrating Solar Power is gradually recognized.
  • the heat exchange medium in the solar collector system currently uses heat transfer oil as the heat transfer medium. After the heat transfer oil-steam heat exchanger generates steam, the conventional steam turbine drives the generator set to generate electricity.
  • the international solar collector technology is replaced.
  • Alternatives to heat media are molten salt materials, such as the molten salt media collectors studied by ENEA (European Nuclear Energy Agency). The molten salt media has a high crystallization point, mostly around 230 to 260 °C.
  • DSG Direct Steam Generation
  • the current solar thermal receiving devices mainly include a trough solar thermal collector system, a Fresnel array trough receiving device and a tower central receiving device.
  • the common trough collector system consists of a series of vacuum collectors. As shown in Figure 1, the abscissa indicates the equilibrium temperature of the metal surface of the collector, the unit is °C, and the ordinate indicates the thermal power released by the collector. , the unit is W/m.
  • Common vacuum collectors as the temperature of the metal surface of the collector increases, the heat loss per unit length increases. It is obvious that the external temperature rises and the loss is more obvious. For example, when the wall temperature of the pipe is 400 °C, The unit length loss thermal power is 250W/m.
  • the unit length loss thermal power is 100W/m.
  • This collector is in a static vacuum environment, but as the service life increases, the internal vacuum will decrease and the heat utilization efficiency will decrease year by year. Moreover, the vacuum collector itself is expensive and the replacement cost is extremely high; Because the size of the absorption tube inside the collector is small, the curved mirror of the mirror field is very demanding, and the installation of the curved mirror, the frame mounting supporting the curved mirror, and The accuracy of driving the curved mirror puts higher requirements, making the cost of the trough solar thermal integrator system high.
  • the tower-type central receiving device is often used in a cavity-type receiver, which can only satisfy the reception in a certain direction, and has no power for the sunlight incident in another direction; the development of a low-cost, simple receiver is also a further study. among. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the above problems in the prior art and to provide an efficient solar thermal receiver device that can be applied to the field of solar thermal applications.
  • the present invention provides a solar thermal receiving device, wherein the solar thermal receiving device is composed of a sealing structure and a solar thermal receiver inside the sealing structure; the solar thermal receiver includes auxiliary absorption heat transfer The pipeline and the main absorption heat exchange pipeline, the temperature of the heat exchange medium inside the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipeline is lower than the temperature of the heat exchange medium inside the main absorption heat exchange pipeline; the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipeline receives the heat released by the main absorption heat exchange pipeline and/ Or receiving the solar heat that is not received by the main absorption heat exchange pipe; the solar light heat receiving device takes away heat through the heat exchange medium flowing inside the pipe of the solar light heat receiver; the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe can absorb the main absorption change The heat lost in the heat pipe improves the heat utilization efficiency of the system.
  • the solar thermal receiver further includes an auxiliary concentrating device disposed between the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit and the main absorption heat exchange conduit, the auxiliary concentrating device assisting the main absorbing heat exchange conduit to obtain more concentrating light Heat.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit is disposed adjacent to the auxiliary concentrating device to reduce the temperature of the auxiliary concentrating device, reduce heat radiation, increase absorption of heat loss from the main absorption heat exchange pipe, and prolong service life.
  • the sealing structure includes a cover glass disposed at an opening of the auxiliary concentrating device of the solar thermal receiver, a covering material covering the back of the solar thermal receiver, and an end of the solar thermal receiving device
  • the baffles, the three form a closed space; the concentrated sunlight passes through the cover glass into the sealed structure and is incident on the surface of the auxiliary concentrating device and the absorbing heat transfer device.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe and the main absorption heat exchange pipe are in communication with the inflow end of the heat exchange medium of the main absorption heat exchange pipe at the outflow end of the heat exchange medium of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe.
  • the sealing structure is a one or more series connected glass tubes which are closed at both ends and which internally house the absorption heat exchange device and/or the auxiliary concentrating device.
  • the interior of the sealing structure is in a static vacuum state or a dynamic vacuum state to reduce internal heat loss.
  • the auxiliary concentrating device is disposed at a position near the solar heat receiving heat exchanger, and the sunlight that is not directly incident through the cover glass or the glass sleeve is reflected again to the surface of the main absorbing heat exchange pipe;
  • the solar-receiving heat exchanger receives direct sunlight and converts it into heat by re-reflecting it to the surface and transports it out of the system.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe includes a plurality of metal pipes arranged at a rear portion of the auxiliary concentrating device; the auxiliary absorbing heat exchange pipe has a low external temperature and can absorb heat released by the main absorbing heat exchange pipe, thereby The heat released to the outside by the solar thermal receiving device is reduced, and the heat utilization efficiency of the system is improved.
  • the heat exchange medium flows through the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe and then flows through the main absorption heat exchange pipe to complete the heat exchange.
  • the heat exchange medium flowing inside the solar thermal receiver is a heat transfer oil (methane oil), a molten salt, water or a gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing a change in power loss per unit length of a common vacuum collector wall as a function of temperature
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar thermal receiver according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar thermal receiver according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar thermal receiver device A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar thermal receiver device.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar thermal receiver according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solar thermal heat receiving device is composed of a sealing structure 1 and a solar thermal receiver 2 inside the sealing structure 1; the solar thermal receiver 2 includes a secondary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 and a main absorption heat exchange pipe. 16.
  • the heat exchange medium temperature inside the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 is lower than the heat exchange medium temperature inside the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16; the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 receives the heat and/or received by the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16
  • the solar heat receiving device 16 absorbs the heat of the sunlight that is not received by the heat exchange pipe 16; the solar light heat receiving device carries away the heat through the heat exchange medium flowing inside the solar light heat receiver 2; and the auxiliary light absorption heat pipe 17 is further included in the solar light heat receiver 2
  • the auxiliary concentrating device 3 disposed between the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16 and the auxiliary concentrating device 3 assists the main absorbing heat exchange conduit 16 to obtain more condensing heat.
  • the solar thermal receiving device is a linear solar receiving device composed of at least one of the linear solar thermal receivers disposed at a focal line position of the linear concentrating system.
  • the closed structure 1 includes a cover glass 14 disposed at an opening of the auxiliary concentrating device 3 of the solar thermal receiver, a cover material 15 covering the back of the solar thermal receiver, and an end baffle of the solar thermal receiver.
  • the three forms a closed space; the internal space of the closed structure 1 is filled with clean air or an inert gas, so that the internal space of the closed structure 1 is in a micro-positive pressure state, reducing the probability of dust entering the inside of the closed system; the concentrated sunlight wears
  • the cover glass 14 enters the inside of the sealing structure 1 and is incident on the surfaces of the auxiliary concentrating device 3 and the main absorbing heat exchange conduit 16.
  • the auxiliary concentrating device 3 is disposed at a position near the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16 to re-reflect the sunlight that is not directly incident through the cover glass 14 to the surface of the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16; and the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16
  • the sunlight that receives direct incidence and is reflected back to the surface is converted into heat and delivered out of the system.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tubes 17 are metal thin tubes arranged in a plurality of arrays; for example, the metal thin tubes 103 and the metal thin tubes 105 arranged in an array at the rear of the auxiliary concentrating device 3; preferably, the tubes assimilating the heat exchange tubes 17
  • the surface is provided with a fin structure, which more conveniently absorbs the heat released by the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16; the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 is lower than the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 can absorb the heat released by the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16 and reduce the temperature of the rear portion of the solar thermal receiver, thereby reducing the heat released to the outside by the photothermal receiving device, the heat exchange medium After flowing through the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe, the heat absorbed by part of the main absorption heat exchange pipe is absorbed, and the temperature is increased; the heat exchange medium flows through the main absorption heat exchange pipe, and receives the energy of
  • this design can greatly reduce the temperature difference of most of the insulation interface between the heat exchanger and the environment; at the same time, since the auxiliary concentrating device 3 abuts against the low temperature auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17, it can maintain The low temperature can not only effectively extend the reliability and service life of the auxiliary concentrating device 3, but also reduce the amount of heat radiation of the auxiliary concentrating device; in combination, the overall efficiency of the system is improved.
  • the heat exchange medium flowing inside the solar thermal heat receiving device is a heat transfer oil (immersion oil), a molten salt system, water or gas (air, compressed air or inert gas); preferably, the heat exchange The medium is water, and the phase change heat is realized inside the solar thermal heat receiving device, and the steam generation (DSG) is directly completed inside the system.
  • a thermal insulation device is arranged at the rear of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe of the solar thermal receiver, and a thermal insulation material 18 having low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance, such as aerogel insulation, is arranged outside the metal thin tube array. Material to release heat to the outside of the system.
  • the heat exchange medium flows in from the inlet end of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange device, reaches the end of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange device, and enters the inlet end of the nearby main absorption heat exchange device, parallel to the auxiliary absorption heat exchange device but
  • the return flow returns to the end of the main absorption heat exchange device, and the inlet end of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange device is adjacent to the end of the main absorption heat exchange device, so that the heat exchange medium of the solar thermal heat receiving device can be input and output at a similar position, and the pipeline is reduced.
  • the invention can realize high-efficiency absorption of solar light heat: Initially, the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 can receive more than 40% of the heat released by the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16 (this part of the energy in the conventional structure will pass through the heat insulation After the device is lost to the environment, in the common DSG receiving device, it is assumed that the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16 can normally receive 85% of the total heat of the device, and the directly lost heat accounts for 15% of the total system heat. Pipeline 17 can receive 40% of the lost heat, which can recover 6% of the total system heat. A rough estimate is equivalent to an increase of 6% of the overall receiving capacity of the solar thermal receiver; it can be very good in 20 years of normal operation. Return.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar thermal receiver according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solar thermal receiving device includes a sealing structure 1 and a solar thermal receiver 2 inside the sealing structure 1.
  • the solar thermal receiver 2 may include a secondary absorption heat exchange conduit 17 and a main absorption heat exchange conduit 16 disposed at a focal line position of the reflected light of the sun to absorb heat of most of the solar mirror field;
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 17 may be disposed at the periphery or the back of the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16, and the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 17 generally does not directly receive the reflected light of the sun, only if the tracking accuracy of the sunlight is lowered or because the Fresnel mirror itself blurry When the focus is concentrated, part of the sunlight is incident thereon.
  • auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 is connected to the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16 during the actual use, as the inlet pipe of the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16, the inlet pipe is heated.
  • the front temperature is low and the heat is low, so the temperature of the heat exchange medium inside the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 is lower than the temperature of the heat exchange medium inside the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 17 mainly receives heat radiated from the high temperature wall surface of the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 17 receives the heat released by the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16 and/or receives solar heat that is not directly incident on the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16 due to factors such as decreased solar tracking accuracy and blurred focus of the mirror. .
  • the solar thermal receiver receives heat away from the heat exchange medium flowing inside the solar thermal receiver 2.
  • the solar thermal receiver 2 may further include an auxiliary concentrating device 3 disposed between the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 17 and the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16, which may be a parabolic mirror, which can help to be disposed therein. Objects, such as collector systems, obtain a wider range of sunlight incident on a narrower receiving surface of the object.
  • the auxiliary concentrating device 3 can be used to assist the main absorbing heat exchange conduit 16 to obtain more condensing heat.
  • the solar thermal receiving device can be a linear solar receiving device comprising at least one linear sealing structure and at least one solar thermal receiver of the linear sealing structure.
  • the solar thermal receiving device comprises a linear solar thermal receiver and a linear sealing structure, and the linear solar thermal receiver and the linear sealing structure are arranged in the linear concentrating system.
  • the sealing structure 1 may include a cover glass 14 disposed at an opening of the auxiliary concentrating device 3 of the solar thermal receiver 2, a covering material 15 covering the back of the solar thermal receiver 2, and the solar thermal receiving device End baffles (not shown), cover glass 14, cover material 15 and end baffles form a closed space.
  • the singularity of the internal pressure of the sealing structure 1 is 0. 1 (T0. 15MPa).
  • the internal space of the sealing structure 1 is filled with a clean air or an inert gas, the internal space of the sealing structure 1 is in a state of a slight positive pressure, and the probability of the dust entering the closed system is reduced.
  • Converging sunlight passes through the cover glass 14 into the inside of the sealing structure 1, and is incident on the mirror surface of the auxiliary concentrating device 3 and the surface of the main absorbing heat exchange tube 16, and the sunlight incident on the mirror surface of the auxiliary concentrating device 3 passes. Here, it is reflected to the surface of the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16.
  • the auxiliary concentrating device 3 is disposed in the vicinity of the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16, and the non-directly incident sunlight that has passed through the cover glass 14 is again reflected to the main absorption.
  • the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16 may be disposed at the front of the auxiliary concentrating device 3, that is, at one end near the incident position of the sunlight, and the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16
  • the distance between the auxiliary concentrating device 3 and the auxiliary concentrating device 3 may be less than or equal to 50 mm, and the auxiliary absorbing heat exchange conduit 17 may be closely arranged on the back of the auxiliary concentrating device 3, that is, the side of the auxiliary concentrating device 3 facing the outside atmosphere,
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tubes 17 are disposed in close contact with one side of the auxiliary concentrating device 3 toward the auxiliary absorbing cover glass 14 and/or the covering material 15, and are arranged in an array.
  • the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16 receives direct incident light and converts it into heat by re-reflecting it to the surface, and delivers it to the outside of the solar thermal receiver.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tubes 17 are metal thin tubes arranged in a plurality of arrays, for example, metal thin tubes 103 and metal thin tubes 105 arranged in an array on the back of the auxiliary concentrating device 3.
  • the surface of the pipe of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 is provided with a fin structure to more conveniently absorb the heat released by the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16.
  • the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 is lower than the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16, so that the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 can absorb the heat released by the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16,
  • the temperature of the rear region of the solar thermal receiver 2 is lowered, thereby reducing the heat released to the outside by the photothermal receiving device.
  • the "rear region of the solar thermal receiver 2" refers to the auxiliary concentrating device 3 respectively. A portion between the cover material 15, the cover glass 14 and the end plate.
  • the heat exchange medium flows through the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17, the heat absorbed by part of the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16 is absorbed, and the temperature rises, and the heat exchange medium flows through the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16 to receive the concentrated sunlight.
  • the energy enters the temperature and heats the output. Since the inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium in the general solar heat exchange cycle system is much lower than the outlet temperature, this design can greatly reduce the temperature difference of most of the insulation interface between the heat exchanger and the environment.
  • the auxiliary concentrating device 3 abuts against the low temperature auxiliary absorbing heat exchange pipe 17, the lower temperature can be maintained, and the reliability and service life of the auxiliary concentrating device 3 can be effectively extended, and the auxiliary can be reduced.
  • the amount of heat radiation of the concentrating device 3; in combination, the overall efficiency of the solar thermal receiver can be improved.
  • the heat exchange medium flowing inside the solar thermal heat receiving device is a heat transfer oil, a molten salt system, water or gas, wherein the heat transfer oil may be a tuna oil, and the gas may be air, compressed air or an inert gas.
  • the heat exchange medium is water, and phase change heat is implemented inside the solar light heat receiving device, and steam generation (DSG) is directly completed inside the solar light heat receiving device.
  • a heat insulating device is arranged on the back of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 of the solar thermal receiver 2, and an insulating material 18 having low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance, such as an aerogel, is arranged outside the metal thin tube array. Insulation material, to release heat to the outside of the solar thermal receiver.
  • the heat exchange medium flows from the inlet end of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 17.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 After entering the end of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17, it enters the inlet end of the nearby main absorption heat exchange pipe 16, parallel to the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17, but returns to the end of the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16, and the auxiliary absorption is exchanged.
  • the inlet end of the heat pipe 17 is adjacent to the end of the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16, which can realize the input and output of the heat exchange medium of the solar thermal heat receiving device at a similar position, reduce the cost of the pipe arrangement, reduce the heat loss, and facilitate the solar light heat receiving device. Control of the parameters.
  • the solar thermal receiver of the present invention can achieve efficient absorption of solar thermal energy.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 17 can receive more than 40% of the heat released by the main absorption heat exchange conduit 16, and this part of the conventional structure Energy is dissipated into the environment after passing through the insulation.
  • the main absorption heat exchange pipe 16 can normally receive 85% of the total heat of the device, and the directly lost heat accounts for 15% of the total solar heat receiving device heat, and the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 17 can receive 40% of the lost heat, which can recover 6% of the total solar thermal receiver, is roughly estimated to increase the overall receiving capacity of the solar thermal receiver by 6%, which is very good in normal operation for 20 years.
  • the solar thermal receiver includes a sealing structure 301, a solar thermal receiver 302 inside the sealing structure 301, and an auxiliary device.
  • the closed structure 301 is a glass tube 315 which is closed at both ends and consists of one or more sections connected in series; the concentrated sunlight passes through the glass tube 315 into the sealing structure 301, and is incident on the surface of the auxiliary concentrating device 303 and the main absorbing heat exchange tube 316. .
  • the sealing structure 301 is internally in a vacuum state or a dynamic vacuum state to further reduce internal heat loss.
  • the auxiliary concentrating device 303 is disposed at a position near the main absorption heat exchange conduit 316, and reflects the non-directly incident sunlight that has passed through the glass tube 315 to the surface of the main absorption heat exchange conduit 316 again; and the main absorption heat exchange conduit 316 receives Direct sunlight and sunlight reflected back to the surface are converted into heat and delivered out of the system.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 317 includes a plurality of metal thin tubes arranged in parallel along the array of auxiliary concentrating devices 303, such as a metal thin tube 307 and a metal thin tube 309; the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tube 317 has a lower external temperature and can absorb more
  • the main absorbing heat released by the heat exchange pipe 316 reduces the thermal insulation temperature difference of the heat insulating material 318, thereby reducing the heat released to the outside of the system and the heat utilization efficiency of the system.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar thermal receiver according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solar thermal receiver includes a sealing structure 301, a solar thermal receiver 302 and an auxiliary concentrating device 303 inside the sealing structure 301.
  • the solar thermal receiver 302 can include a secondary absorption heat exchange conduit 317 and a primary absorption heat exchange conduit 316 to implement heat exchange medium input and output on the same side, for example, an auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 317 and a primary absorption heat exchange conduit 316.
  • the sealing structure 301 can be closed at both ends and composed of one or more glass tubes 315 connected in series, and the concentrated sunlight passes through the glass tube 315 into the sealing structure 301, and is incident on the auxiliary concentrating device 303 and the main absorption heat exchange tube. 316 surface.
  • the glass tube 315 since the glass tube 315 has good mechanical pressure bearing capacity, it can be directly evacuated, so that the inside of the sealing structure 301 can be in a vacuum state or a dynamic vacuum state to further reduce internal heat loss.
  • the auxiliary concentrating device 303 is disposed at a position near the main absorbing heat exchange conduit 316, for example, about 10 50 mm from the main absorbing heat exchange conduit 316, and the auxiliary concentrating device 303 will converge through the glass tube 315, and the direct incident sunlight is again Reflected to the surface of the primary absorption heat exchange conduit 316, the primary absorption heat exchange conduit 316 receives direct incident light and converts it into heat by re-reflecting it to the surface, and delivers it to the exterior of the solar thermal receiver.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tube 317 includes a plurality of metal thin tubes, such as a metal thin tube 307 and a metal thin tube 309, which are arranged in parallel along the array in the auxiliary concentrating device 303.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 317 has a low external temperature, can absorb more heat released by the main absorption heat exchange pipe 316, and reduces the heat insulation temperature difference of the heat insulating material 318, thereby reducing the heat released to the outside by the solar thermal heat receiving device. , improve the heat utilization efficiency of the solar thermal receiver.
  • An insulating material 318 having a low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance, such as an aerogel insulating material, is disposed outside the array of metal thin tubes to insulate heat from the outside of the system.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar thermal receiver according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the solar photothermal receiving device applied to a trough type photothermal concentrating system, wherein a plurality of vacuum heat collecting tubes are arranged in series with each other to obtain and transmit energy; a single vacuum set
  • the cost of the heat pipe is high, and it is difficult to guarantee a long time, especially in the design operation period of the power plant (usually 25 years) to maintain an efficient vacuum state, which will inevitably lead to the extension of the vacuum heat collecting pipe with the use time.
  • the solar thermal receiving device of the embodiment includes a closed structure 401, and is closed.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 417 and the main absorption heat exchange pipe 416 carry away heat through the internal flow heat exchange medium;
  • the closed structure 401 is a glass tube whose both ends are closed and internally covered with the solar thermal heat receiver 402;
  • the internal space is in a normal pressure or a slight positive pressure state or the inside of the sealing structure is in a static vacuum state or a dynamic vacuum state;
  • the optical design still uses the main absorbing heat exchange tube 416 as a concentrating focus.
  • the concentrated light deviates from the main absorption.
  • the diameter of the heat exchange pipe 416 is in the range of a, the excess light is received by the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 417 as long as it is still within the range b of the array of the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tubes 417, thereby the solar light heat receiving device.
  • the effective optical receiving opening width becomes larger (from a to b, as shown in Fig.
  • the main absorption heat exchange tube 416 has a diameter a and the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tube 417 array has an opening width b), and the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tube 417 can also absorb the heat released from the surface of the main absorption heat exchange pipe 416 in most sectors of the annular space, and comprehensively improve the heat utilization efficiency of the system, even when the vacuum degree of the system decreases or the atmospheric pressure state
  • the overall heat utilization efficiency of the collector can also be improved; in addition, an auxiliary concentrating device can be added between the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 417 and the main absorption heat exchange pipe 416, and further Condensing the high absorption capacity of the primary heat exchange tubes.
  • An insulating material 418 having a low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance is disposed outside the array of metal thin tubes to insulate heat from the outside of the system.
  • This design can increase the effective optical receiving opening width and reduce the optical convergence accuracy requirements of the slot type photothermometer field system, that is, improve the tolerance range of the curved mirror processing, the tolerance range of the mirror field installation, and the tolerance of the sunlight tracking convergence.
  • the scope can achieve the goal of reducing the cost of the entire solar island.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar thermal receiver according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the solar thermal receiver device applied to a trough photothermal concentrating system.
  • the conventional trough photothermal concentrating system is obtained by connecting a plurality of vacuum heat collecting tubes in series with each other to obtain and transmit energy. but Yes, the cost of a single vacuum collector is high, and it is difficult to ensure that a vacuum is maintained for a long period of time, especially during the design run of the plant (typically 25 years), which will inevitably lead to the use of vacuum collectors. The extension of time, the amount of heat is increasing year by year.
  • the effective receiving width of the optical system is the diameter of the metal heat absorbing tube inside the glass tube, so high requirements are imposed on the manufacture and installation of the curved mirror, and the receiving range is narrow and the heat is yearly.
  • the loss puts higher demands on the high-precision production and installation, the installation of the mirror frame and the follow-up of the mirror.
  • the overall cost of Sun Island is high under the combined effect.
  • the solar thermal receiver of the present embodiment includes a sealing structure 401 and a solar thermal receiver 402 inside the sealing structure 401.
  • the sealing structure 401 can be closed at both ends and consisting of one or more glass tubes 415 connected in series.
  • the solar thermal receiver 402 includes a secondary absorption heat exchange conduit 417 and a main absorption heat exchange conduit 416; the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 417 is adjacent to and parallel to the main absorption heat exchange conduit 416, and the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 417 is a plurality of The metal thin tubes of the array arrangement, such as the metal thin tubes 405 and the metal thin tubes 409 shown in the drawing.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 417 and the primary absorption heat exchange conduit 416 carry heat away through the internally flowing heat exchange medium.
  • the sealing structure 401 is a glass tube that is closed at both ends and that internally encloses the solar thermal receiver 402.
  • the internal space of the sealing structure 401 is in a normal pressure state or a micro-positive pressure state, and the internal space of the sealing structure 401 may also be in a static vacuum state or a dynamic vacuum state.
  • the optical design still uses the main absorption heat exchange conduit 416 as a concentrated focal line.
  • the excess portion of the light As long as it is still within the opening range b of the array of auxiliary absorption heat exchange tubes 417, specifically, b may be the two metal strips with the longest spacing in the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tubes 417, which may be received by the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tubes 417. Therefore, the effective optical receiving opening width of the solar thermal receiving device is increased, specifically, from a to b. As shown in FIG.
  • the main absorption heat exchange tube 416 has a diameter a and the auxiliary absorption heat exchange tube 417 has an opening width of b.
  • the auxiliary absorption heat exchange pipe 417 can also absorb the heat released from the external absorption heat exchange pipe 416 in most sectors of the annular space, and comprehensively improve the heat utilization efficiency of the solar light heat receiving device even in the solar light. In the case where the degree of vacuum of the heat receiving device is lowered or the normal pressure state, the overall heat utilization efficiency of the heat collector can also be improved.
  • an auxiliary concentrating device (not shown) may be added between the auxiliary absorption heat exchange conduit 417 and the main absorption heat exchange conduit 416. As soon as the absorbing ability of the main absorption heat exchange pipe 416 is increased.
  • An insulating material 418 having a low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance is disposed outside the array of metal thin tubes to insulate heat from the outside of the solar thermal heat receiving device.
  • This design can increase the effective optical receiving opening width and reduce the optical convergence accuracy requirements of the slot type photothermometer field system, that is, improve the tolerance range of the curved mirror processing, the tolerance range of the mirror field installation, and the tolerance of the sunlight tracking convergence.
  • the scope can achieve the purpose of reducing the cost of the entire solar thermal receiver, wherein the curved mirror is a mirror field used by the sunglasses field to concentrate sunlight on the solar thermal receiver 2 (not shown).
  • the solar thermal receiving device can be applied to a Fresnel array photothermal concentrating system, and the curved mirror can be used to better overcome the slightly weaker concentrating ability of the Fresnel array mirror field than the trough photothermal concentrating system, and Because the solar photothermal receiving device is difficult to be in a vacuum state as a whole, it causes a problem of heat loss greater than that of the trough type photothermal concentrating system.
  • the solar thermal receiving device of the embodiment can ensure the good comprehensive heat receiving efficiency of the Fresnel array system, and the Fresnel array photothermal concentrating system has small floor space, strong wind resistance and low cost. The advantages of simple tracking and low construction and operation cost are better.
  • the solar thermal receiving device can also be applied to a tower concentrating receiving device to increase the system fault tolerance and effectively improve the heat receiving efficiency.

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Abstract

一种太阳能光热接收装置，由密封结构（1）和密封结构（1）内部的太阳能光热接收器（2）组成；所述太阳能光热接收器（2）包括辅吸收换热管道（17）和主吸收换热管道（16），所述辅吸收换热管道（17）内部换热介质温度低于主吸收换热管道（16）内部的换热介质温度；辅吸收换热管道（17）接收主吸收换热管道（16）释放的热量和/或接收主吸收换热管道（16）未接收的太阳光热量；太阳能光热接收装置通过所述太阳能光热接收器（2）的管道内部流动的换热介质带走热量。该太阳能光热接收装置可应用于槽式光热聚光系统、菲涅尔阵列式光热聚光系统和塔式聚光光热接收装置中。

Description

一种太阳能光热接收装置 技术领域 本发明涉及一种应用于太阳能热利用领域的太阳能光热接收装置。
背景技术 随着太阳能等可再生能源利用在全世界蓬勃发展， 太阳能聚热发电 (Concentrating Solar Power, CSP) 逐歩为人们所认识， 在 CSP体系中， 吸热传热部分具有非常重要的地位。 太阳能的集热系统中的换热介质， 目前 主要采用导热油为传热工质，经导热油-蒸汽换热器后产生蒸汽驱动常规蒸汽 轮机带动发电机组发电； 目前国际太阳能集热技术的换热介质的替代品有熔 融盐类材料， 例如意大利的 ENEA (European Nuclear Energy Agency, 欧洲 核能机构）研究的熔盐介质集热器， 熔盐介质结晶点较高， 大多在 230至 260 °C左右， 但当前熔融盐主要用于热储能。 最有前景的换热介质为利用水直接 作为换热介质的直接蒸汽发生 （Direct Steam Generation, DSG) 技术； 该 技术已经试验多年， 其与蒸汽锅炉受热管道运行原理相似， 以水为工质， 将 低温水自吸热管路一端注入， 水在沿管路轴向行进过程中吸热逐渐升温， 达 到沸点后变为饱和蒸汽， 再继续吸热变为过热蒸汽。
目前的太阳能光热接收装置主要包括槽式太阳能光热的集热器系统、 菲 涅尔阵列槽式的接收装置和塔式的中央接收装置。 常见槽式集热器系统由多 根真空集热器串联组成， 如图 1所示， 横坐标表示集热器的金属表面平衡温 度， 单位为 °C， 纵坐标表示集热器释放的热功率， 单位为 W/m。 常见的真空 集热器， 随着集热器的金属表面温度升高， 单位长度损失的热量增加， 很明 显外部温度升高， 损失量越加明显， 例如在管道壁面温度为 400°C时， 单位 长度损失热功率为 250W/m， 在管道避免温度为 200°C时， 单位长度损失热功 率为 100W/m。 这种集热器处于静态真空环境中， 但随着使用年限的增长， 内 部真空度将会下降， 热利用效率逐年下降； 再者， 真空集热器本身价格昂贵， 替换成本也异常高昂； 另外， 因为集热器内部的吸收管尺寸较小， 对镜场的 曲面反射镜要求很高， 同时对曲面镜的安装、 支撑曲面反射镜的框架安装及 驱动曲面反射镜的精度提出更高的要求， 使得槽式太阳能光热的集成器系统 成本居高不下。 对于菲涅尔阵列槽式的接收装置， 由于菲涅尔聚光系统的结 构和跟踪本身原因， 接收开口较槽式集热器所需开口要大， 聚光倍率稍低； 很难实施真空， 对应热量损失较大， 一般大约为真空集热器单位长度内热量 损失的 2倍， 如何降低传统菲涅尔系统损失， 提高吸热效率成为重要的研究 方向。 对于塔式的中央接收装置常见于空腔式接收器， 该接受器只能满足某 个方向的接收， 对于另外方向入射的太阳光无能为力； 低成本、 简易接收器 的开发也在进一歩的研究当中。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的上述问题， 提供一种可应用 于太阳能光热应用领域的高效太阳能光热接收装置。
本发明提供了一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在于， 所述太阳能光 热接收装置由密封结构和密封结构内部的太阳能光热接收器组成； 所述太 阳能光热接收器包括辅吸收换热管道和主吸收换热管道， 所述辅吸收换热 管道内部换热介质温度低于主吸收换热管道内部的换热介质温度； 辅吸收 换热管道接收主吸收换热管道释放的热量和 /或接收主吸收换热管道未接 收的太阳光热量； 太阳能光热接收装置通过所述太阳能光热接收器的管道 内部流动的换热介质带走热量； 实现辅吸收换热管道能够吸收主吸收换热 管道散失的热量， 提高系统热利用效率。
进一歩地， 所述太阳能光热接收器还包括辅吸收换热管道和主吸收换 热管道之间布置的辅助聚光装置， 所述辅助聚光装置辅助主吸收换热管道 获得更多聚光热量。
优选地， 所述辅吸收换热管道贴近所述辅助聚光装置布置， 以降低所 述辅助聚光装置的温度， 减少热辐射、 增加对主吸收换热管道散失热量的 吸收、 延长使用寿命。
进一歩地， 所述密封结构包括太阳能光热接收器的辅助聚光装置开口 处布置的盖板玻璃、包覆所述太阳能光热接收器背部的覆盖材料和所述太 阳能光热接收装置端部挡板， 三者形成封闭的空间； 会聚的太阳光穿过盖 板玻璃进入密封结构内部， 入射至辅助聚光装置和吸收换热装置表面。 进一歩地， 所述辅吸收换热管道与主吸收换热管道在辅吸收换热管道 的换热介质流出端与主吸收换热管道的换热介质流入端进行连通。
进一歩地， 所述密封结构为两端封闭且内部容纳吸收换热装置和 /或 辅助聚光装置的一段或多段串联的玻璃管。
优选地， 所述密封结构内部处于静态真空状态或动态真空状态， 以减 少内部的热量损失。
进一歩地， 所述辅助聚光装置布置于太阳能接收换热器的附近位置， 将会聚穿过盖板玻璃或玻璃套管的未直接入射的太阳光再次反射至主吸 收换热管道表面； 而太阳能接收换热器接收直接入射和通过再次反射至表 面的太阳光转化成热量， 输送出系统的外部。
进一歩地， 所述辅吸收换热管道包括多根在辅助聚光装置后部布置的 金属管道； 该辅吸收换热管道外部温度较低， 能吸收主吸收换热管道释放 出的热量， 从而减少所述太阳能光热接收装置向外部释放的热量， 提高系 统的热利用效率。
进一歩地， 所述换热介质流经辅吸收换热管道后再流经主吸收换热管 道， 完成进一歩地换热。
进一歩地， 所述太阳能光热接收器内部流动的换热介质为导热油 （导 姆油） 、 熔融盐、 水或气体。
进一歩地， 所述太阳能光热接收装置应用于槽式光热聚光系统、 菲涅 尔阵列式光热聚光系统和塔式光热聚光系统中。 附图说明 图 1是常见真空集热器管壁随温度变化单位长度损失功率变化曲线 图；
图 2是本发明第一实施例的太阳能光热接收装置结构横截面示意图； 图 3是本发明第二实施例的太阳能光热接收装置结构横截面示意图； 图 4是本发明第三实施例的太阳能光热接收装置结构横截面示意图。
具体实施方式 下面参照附图对本发明的具体实施方案进行详细的说明。 图 2是本发明第一实施例的太阳能光热接收装置结构横截面示意图。 如图 2所示， 太阳能光热接收装置由密封结构 1和密封结构 1内部的太阳 能光热接收器 2组成； 所述太阳能光热接收器 2包括辅吸收换热管道 17 和主吸收换热管道 16， 所述辅吸收换热管道 17内部换热介质温度低于主 吸收换热管道 16内部的换热介质温度； 辅吸收换热管道 17接收主吸收换 热管道 16释放的热量和 /或接收主吸收换热管道 16未接收的太阳光热量； 太阳能光热接收装置通过太阳能光热接收器 2内部流动的换热介质带走热 量； 在太阳能光热接收器 2还包括辅吸收换热管道 17和主吸收换热管道 16之间布置的辅助聚光装置 3， 辅助聚光装置 3辅助主吸收换热管道 16 获得更多聚光热量。 太阳能光热接收装置为线性太阳能接收装置， 由至少 一个所述线性太阳能光热接收器组成， 布置在线性聚光系统的焦线位置。 封闭结构 1包括太阳能光热接收器的辅助聚光装置 3开口处布置的盖板玻 璃 14、 包覆所述太阳能光热接收器背部的覆盖材料 15和所述太阳能光热 接收装置端部挡板， 三者形成封闭的空间； 该封闭结构 1的内部空间通过 填充清洁空气或者惰性气体， 使封闭结构 1的内部空间处于微正压状态， 减少灰尘进入密闭系统内部的概率； 会聚的太阳光穿过盖板玻璃 14进入 密封结构 1 内部， 入射至辅助聚光装置 3和主吸收换热管道 16表面。 辅 助聚光装置 3布置于主吸收换热管道 16的附近位置， 将会聚穿过盖板玻 璃 14的未直接入射的太阳光再次反射至主吸收换热管道 16表面； 而主吸 收换热管道 16接收直接入射和通过再次反射至表面的太阳光转化成热量， 输送出系统的外部。 辅吸收换热管道 17 为多个阵列布置的金属细管； 例 如布置于辅助聚光装置 3后部的阵列的金属细管 103和金属细管 105 ; 优 选地， 辅吸收换热管道 17 的管道表面设置有翅片结构， 更加便利地吸收 主吸收换热管道 16释放的热量； 辅吸收换热管道 17内的换热介质温度低 于与所述主吸收换热管道 16内的换热介质温度； 使得辅吸收换热管道 17 能吸收主吸收换热管道 16释放出的热量， 降低太阳能光热接收器后部区 域的温度， 从而减少光热接收装置向外部释放的热量， 所述换热介质流经 辅吸收换热管道后， 吸收了部分主吸收换热管道散失的热量， 温度升高； 该换热介质再流经主吸收换热管道， 接收汇聚太阳光的能量进一歩升高温 度并换热输出。 由于一般太阳岛的换热循环系统中换热介质入口温度远低 于出口温度， 此设计可以使所述换热器与环境之间的大部分保温界面温差 得以大幅降低；同时，由于辅助聚光装置 3紧靠低温的辅吸收换热管道 17， 从而可以保持较低的温度， 不但能够有效延长所述辅助聚光装置 3的可靠 性和使用寿命， 还能降低该辅助聚光装置的热辐射量； 综合下来， 提高系 统的整体效率。 进一歩地， 该太阳能光热接收装置内部流动的换热介质为 导热油 （导姆油） 、 融盐体系、 水或气体（空气、 压縮空气或惰性气体） ； 优选地， 所述换热介质为水， 在太阳能光热接收装置内部实现相变换热， 在系统内部直接完成蒸汽的发生 （DSG ) 。 另外， 太阳能光热接收器的辅 吸收换热管道后部布置有隔热保温装置， 具体在金属细管阵列的外部布置 具有低热导率和耐高温的隔热保温材料 18， 例如气凝胶绝热材料， 以进一 歩隔绝热量向系统外部释放。 另外， 该实施例中， 换热介质从辅吸收换热 装置的入口端流入， 到达辅吸收换热装置的末端后进入附近的主吸收换热 装置的入口端， 与辅吸收换热装置平行但折返流回到主吸收换热装置的末 端， 辅吸收换热装置入口端与主吸收换热装置的末端相邻， 可以实现太阳 能光热接收装置的换热介质在相近位置输入和输出， 减少管道布置成本、 降低热损失、 方便系统参数的管控调节。 本发明可实现对太阳能光热的高 效吸收： 初歩估计， 辅吸收换热管道 17能接收主吸收换热管道 16释放热 量的 40%以上的能量 （传统结构中这部分能量会穿过隔热保温装置后散失 到环境中） ， 在常见的 DSG接收装置中， 假定主吸收换热管道 16能正常 接收装置总热量的 85% , 直接损失的热量占总系统热量的 15%, 因辅吸收 换热管道 17能接收损失热量的 40%, 即能回收占总系统热量的 6%， 粗略 估计相当于提高了太阳能光热接收装置的总体接收能力 6%; 在正常运行 20年中能获得非常不错的回报。
图 2是本发明第一实施例的太阳能光热接收装置结构横截面示意图。 如图 2所示， 太阳能光热接收装置包括密封结构 1和密封结构 1内部的太 阳能光热接收器 2。所述太阳能光热接收器 2可以包括辅吸收换热管道 17 和主吸收换热管道 16， 主吸收换热管道 16布置于太阳反射光线的焦线位 置， 吸收大部分的太阳能镜场的热量； 辅助吸收换热管道 17 可以布置于 主吸收换热管道 16的周边或背部， 辅助吸收换热管道 17—般不直接接收 太阳反射光， 只有在太阳光跟踪精度下降或者因为菲涅尔反射镜本身模糊 聚焦时才有部分的太阳光入射其中， 另外， 由于辅助吸收换热管道 17在 实际的使用过程中与主吸收换热管道 16相互连接， 作为主吸收换热管道 16的进水管， 进水管受热前温度低， 且受热少， 因此所述辅吸收换热管道 17内部换热介质温度会低于主吸收换热管道 16内部的换热介质温度。 该 辅助吸收换热管道 17 主要接收主吸收换热管道 16 高温壁面辐射来的热 量。 辅吸收换热管道 17接收主吸收换热管道 16释放的热量和 /或接收因 太阳光跟踪精度下降及反射镜模糊聚焦等因素引起的、 未直接入射至主吸 收换热管道 16 的太阳光热量。 太阳能光热接收装置通过太阳能光热接收 器 2内部流动的换热介质带走热量。
太阳能光热接收器 2还可以包括布置于辅吸收换热管道 17和主吸收 换热管道 16之间的辅助聚光装置 3，该辅助聚光装置 3具体可以是抛物镜 面， 能够帮助布置于其中的物体， 例如集热器系统， 获得更宽范围太阳光 入射至物体上较窄的接收面上。 本实施例中， 辅助聚光装置 3可以用于辅 助主吸收换热管道 16获得更多聚光热量。 太阳能光热接收装置可以为线 性太阳能接收装置， 包括至少一个线性密封结构和该线性密封结构中的至 少一个太阳能光热接收器。 可选地， 太阳能光热接收装置包括 1个线性太 阳能光热接收器和 1个线性的密封结构， 该 1个线性太阳能光热接收器和 该 1个线性密封结构均布置在线性聚光系统的焦线位置。密封结构 1可以 包括太阳能光热接收器 2的辅助聚光装置 3开口处布置的盖板玻璃 14、包 覆所述太阳能光热接收器 2背部的覆盖材料 15和所述太阳能光热接收装 置的端部挡板 （图中未示出） ， 盖板玻璃 14、 覆盖材料 15和端部挡板三 者形成封闭的空间。 该密封结构 1的内部空间通过填充清洁空气或者惰性 气体， 使密封结构 1的内部空间处于微正压状态， 减少灰尘进入密闭系统 内部的概率， 微正压状态可以是 0. 1(T0. 15MPa 0会聚的太阳光穿过盖板玻 璃 14进入密封结构 1 内部， 入射至辅助聚光装置 3的镜面和主吸收换热 管道 16的表面， 入射至辅助聚光装置 3的镜面的太阳光会经过在此反射 至主吸收换热管道 16的表面。 辅助聚光装置 3布置于主吸收换热管道 16 的附近位置， 将会聚穿过盖板玻璃 14 的未直接入射的太阳光再次反射至 主吸收换热管道 16表面。 具体地， 可以将主吸收换热管道 16布置于辅助 聚光装置 3 的前部， 即靠近太阳光入射位置的一端， 主吸收换热管道 16 与辅助聚光装置 3之间的距离可以小于或等于 50mm， 辅吸收换热管道 17 可以紧贴布置于辅助聚光装置 3的背部， 即辅助聚光装置 3朝向外部大气 的一侧， 更为具体地， 辅吸收换热管道 17紧贴布置于辅助聚光装置 3朝 向辅吸收盖板玻璃 14和 /或覆盖材料 15的一侧， 且以阵列方式布置。 而 主吸收换热管道 16接收直接入射和通过再次反射至表面的太阳光转化成 热量， 输送出太阳能光热接收装置的外部。 辅吸收换热管道 17 为多个阵 列布置的金属细管， 例如布置于辅助聚光装置 3 背部的阵列的金属细管 103和金属细管 105。 可选地， 辅吸收换热管道 17的管道表面设置有翅片 结构， 更加便利地吸收主吸收换热管道 16释放的热量。 辅吸收换热管道 17内的换热介质温度低于与所述主吸收换热管道 16内的换热介质温度， 使得辅吸收换热管道 17能吸收主吸收换热管道 16释放出的热量， 降低太 阳能光热接收器 2的后部区域的温度， 从而减少光热接收装置向外部释放 的热量， 这里的 "太能光热接收器 2的后部区域" 指的是辅助聚光装置 3 分别与覆盖材料 15、 盖板玻璃 14和端部的挡板之间的部分。 所述换热介 质流经辅吸收换热管道 17后，吸收了部分主吸收换热管道 16散失的热量， 温度升高， 该换热介质再流经主吸收换热管道 16， 接收会聚太阳光的能量 进一歩升高温度并换热输出。 由于一般太阳光的换热循环系统中换热介质 入口温度远低于出口温度， 此设计可以使所述换热器与环境之间的大部分 保温界面温差得以大幅降低。 同时， 由于辅助聚光装置 3紧靠低温的辅吸 收换热管道 17， 从而可以保持较低的温度， 不但能够有效延长所述辅助聚 光装置 3的可靠性和使用寿命， 还能降低该辅助聚光装置 3的热辐射量； 综合下来， 能够提高太阳能光热接收装置的整体效率。
进一歩地， 该太阳能光热接收装置内部流动的换热介质为导热油、 融 盐体系、 水或气体， 其中导热油可以是导姆油， 气体可以是空气、 压縮空 气或惰性气体。 可选地， 所述换热介质为水， 在太阳能光热接收装置内部 实现相变换热， 在太阳能光热接收装置内部直接完成蒸汽的发生 （DSG ) 。 另外， 太阳能光热接收器 2的辅吸收换热管道 17背部布置有隔热保温装 置， 具体在金属细管阵列的外部布置具有低热导率和耐高温的隔热保温材 料 18， 例如气凝胶绝热材料， 以进一歩隔绝热量向太阳能光热接收装置外 部释放。 另外， 该实施例中， 换热介质从辅吸收换热管道 17 的入口端流 入， 到达辅吸收换热管道 17的末端后进入附近的主吸收换热管道 16的入 口端，与辅吸收换热管道 17平行但折返流回到主吸收换热管道 16的末端， 辅吸收换热管道 17入口端与主吸收换热管道 16的末端相邻， 可以实现太 阳能光热接收装置的换热介质在相近位置输入和输出， 减少管道布置成 本、 降低热损失、 方便太阳能光热接收装置参数的管控调节。
本发明的太阳能光热接收装置可实现对太阳能光热的高效吸收， 初歩 估计， 辅吸收换热管道 17能接收主吸收换热管道 16释放热量的 40%以上 的能量， 而传统结构中这部分能量会穿过隔热保温装置后散失到环境中 的。 在常见的 DSG接收装置中， 假定主吸收换热管道 16能正常接收装置 总热量的 85%， 直接损失的热量占总太阳能光热接收装置热量的 15%, 因 辅吸收换热管道 17能接收损失热量的 40%,即能回收占总太阳能光热接收 装置热量的 6%，粗略估计相当于提高了太阳能光热接收装置的总体接收能 力 6%， 在正常运行 20年中能获得非常不错的回报。
图 3是本发明第二实施例的太阳能光热接收装置结构横截面示意图； 如图 3所示， 太阳能光热接收装置， 包括密封结构 301， 密封结构 301内 部的太阳能光热接收器 302和辅助聚光装置 303 ;该太阳能光热接收器 302 包括辅吸收换热管道 317和主吸收换热管道 316; 实施同一侧的换热介质 输入和输出。 该封闭结构 301为两端封闭且由一段或多段串联组成的玻璃 管 315 ; 会聚的太阳光穿过玻璃管 315进入密封结构 301内部， 入射至辅 助聚光装置 303和主吸收换热管道 316表面。 优选地， 由于玻璃管具有良 好的机械承压能力， 该密封结构 301内部处于真空状态或动态真空状态， 以进一歩减少内部的热量损失。辅助聚光装置 303布置于主吸收换热管道 316的附近位置， 将会聚穿过玻璃管 315的未直接入射的太阳光再次反射 至主吸收换热管道 316表面； 而主吸收换热管道 316接收直接入射和通过 再次反射至表面的太阳光转化成热量， 输送出系统的外部。 辅吸收换热管 道 317包括多根沿辅助聚光装置 303阵列平行布置的金属细管， 例如金属 细管 307和金属细管 309 ; 该辅吸收换热管道 317外部温度较低， 能吸收 较多主吸收换热管道 316释放出的热量， 降低隔热保温材料 318的隔热温 差， 从而减少系统向外部释放的热量， 系统的热利用效率。 在金属细管阵 列的外部布置具有低热导率和耐高温的隔热保温材料 318， 例如气凝胶绝 热材料， 以隔绝热量向系统外部释放。
图 3是本发明第二实施例的太阳能光热接收装置结构横截面示意图。 如图 3所示， 太阳能光热接收装置包括密封结构 301， 密封结构 301内部 的太阳能光热接收器 302和辅助聚光装置 303。 该太阳能光热接收器 302 可以包括辅吸收换热管道 317和主吸收换热管道 316， 以实施同一侧的换 热介质输入和输出， 例如， 辅助吸收换热管道 317与主吸收换热管道 316 在一端连接， 形成贯通的一体， 自辅吸收换热管道 317进， 从主吸收换热 管道 316出， 实现从同一端头输入和输出。 该密封结构 301可以为两端封 闭且由一根或多根玻璃管 315串联组成， 会聚的太阳光穿过玻璃管 315进 入密封结构 301内部， 入射至辅助聚光装置 303和主吸收换热管道 316表 面。可选地， 由于玻璃管 315具有良好的机械承压能力， 可以直接抽真空， 这样该密封结构 301内部可以处于真空状态或动态真空状态， 以进一歩减 少内部的热量损失。辅助聚光装置 303布置于主吸收换热管道 316的附近 位置， 例如距离主吸收换热管道 316大约 10 50mm， 辅助聚光装置 303 将会聚穿过玻璃管 315的、 未直接入射的太阳光再次反射至主吸收换热管 道 316表面， 而主吸收换热管道 316接收直接入射和通过再次反射至表面 的太阳光转化成热量， 输送出太阳能光热接收装置的外部。 辅吸收换热管 道 317 包括多根沿辅助聚光装置 303 以阵列方式相互平行布置的金属细 管， 例如金属细管 307和金属细管 309。 该辅吸收换热管道 317外部温度 较低， 能吸收较多主吸收换热管道 316释放出的热量， 降低隔热保温材料 318的隔热温差， 从而减少太阳能光热接收装置向外部释放的热量， 提高 太阳能光热接收装置的热利用效率。在金属细管阵列的外部布置具有低热 导率和耐高温的隔热保温材料 318， 例如气凝胶绝热材料， 以隔绝热量向 系统外部释放。
图 4是本发明第三实施例的太阳能光热接收装置结构横截面示意图。 图 4示意图该太阳能光热接收装置应用于槽式光热聚光系统的实施例， 传 统的槽式光热聚光系统， 由多根真空集热管相互串联布置获得和传输能 量； 单根真空集热管的成本高昂， 且很难保证长时间， 尤其是在电厂的设 计运行年限 （一般为 25 年） 的时间内保持高效的真空状态， 势必引起真 空集热管随着使用时间的延伸， 散热量逐年增加； 在槽式聚光系统中， 光 学系统的有效接收宽度为玻璃管内部金属吸热管的直径， 因此对曲面反射 镜的制造和安装提出了很高的要求， 其接收范围的狭窄和逐年的热量损失 对高精度的生产和安装、 镜场框架的安装和镜面的追日跟踪提出更高的要 求， 综合作用下造成太阳岛整体成本居高不下； 如图 4所示， 实施例的太 阳能光热接收装置包括封闭结构 401、 封闭结构 401 内部的太阳能光热接 收器 402 ; 该太阳能光热接收器 402包括辅吸收换热管道 417和主吸收换 热管道 416 ; 辅吸收换热管道 417与主吸收换热管道 416相邻平行布置； 辅吸收换热管道 417和主吸收换热管道 416通过内部流动的换热介质带走 热量； 封闭结构 401为两端封闭且内部包覆太阳能光热接收器 402的玻璃 管； 封闭结构 401的内部空间处于常压或微正压状态或者所述密封结构内 部处于静态真空状态或动态真空状态； 该实施例的太阳能光热接收装置 中， 光学设计依然将主吸收换热管道 416作为聚光焦点， 当由于反射镜精 度和 /或支架精度和 /或跟踪精度不足的原因， 致使汇聚光线偏离并超出主 吸收换热管道 416的直径 a的范围时， 超出的那部分光线只要还处在辅吸 收换热管 417阵列开口范围 b以内， 就可以被辅吸收换热管 417接收， 从 而将太阳能光热接收装置的有效光学接收开口宽度变大（由 a变为 b，如图 4所示， 主吸收换热管 416直径为 a和辅吸收换热管道 417阵列开口宽度 为 b ) ， 同时辅吸收换热管道 417还可在环状空间的大部分扇区吸收主吸 收换热管道 416外表释放出来的热量，很好地综合提高系统的热利用效率， 即使在系统的真空度发生下降或常压状态的情况下， 也能提升集热器的整 体热利用效率； 另外还可在辅吸收换热管道 417、 主吸收换热管道 416之 间加入辅助聚光装置， 进一歩提高主吸收换热管道的聚光能力。 在金属细 管阵列的外部布置具有低热导率和耐高温的隔热保温材料 418， 例如气凝 胶绝热材料， 以隔绝热量向系统外部释放。 本设计可以使有效光学接收开 口宽度增大， 降低槽式光热镜场系统的光学会聚精度要求， 即提高了曲面 镜加工容差范围、 镜场安装容差范围和太阳光跟踪会聚的容差范围， 能实 现降低整个太阳岛的成本的目的。
图 4是本发明第三实施例的太阳能光热接收装置结构横截面示意图。 图 4示意该太阳能光热接收装置应用于槽式光热聚光系统的实施例， 传统 的槽式光热聚光系统由多根真空集热管相互串联布置获得和传输能量。但 是， 单根真空集热管的成本高昂， 且很难保证长时间内， 尤其是在电厂的 设计运行年限 （一般为 25 年） 的时间内保持高效的真空状态， 势必引起 真空集热管随着使用时间的延伸， 散热量逐年增加。 在槽式聚光系统中， 光学系统的有效接收宽度为玻璃管内部金属吸热管的直径， 因此对曲面反 射镜的制造和安装提出了很高的要求， 其接收范围的狭窄和逐年的热量损 失对高精度的生产和安装、 镜场框架的安装和镜面的追日跟踪提出更高的 要求， 综合作用下造成太阳岛整体成本居高不下。
如图 4所示， 本实施例的太阳能光热接收装置包括密封结构 401、 密 封结构 401内部的太阳能光热接收器 402。 该密封结构 401可以为两端封 闭且由一根或多根玻璃管 415串联组成。 该太阳能光热接收器 402包括辅 吸收换热管道 417和主吸收换热管道 416 ; 辅吸收换热管道 417与主吸收 换热管道 416相邻且平行布置， 辅吸收换热管道 417为多个阵列布置的金 属细管， 例如图中所示的金属细管 405和金属细管 409。 辅吸收换热管道 417和主吸收换热管道 416通过内部流动的换热介质带走热量。 密封结构 401为两端封闭且内部包覆太阳能光热接收器 402的玻璃管。密封结构 401 的内部空间处于常压状态或微正压状态， 所述密封结构 401内部空间还可 以处于静态真空状态或动态真空状态。
该实施例的太阳能光热接收装置中， 光学设计依然将主吸收换热管道 416作为聚光焦线。 当由于以下原因中的一种或多种组合： 反射镜精度不 足、 支架精度不足和跟踪精度不足， 致使会聚光线偏离并超出主吸收换热 管道 416的直径 a的范围时， 超出的那部分光线只要还处在辅吸收换热管 道 417阵列开口范围 b以内， 具体地， b可以是辅吸收换热管道 417中两 个间距最长的金属细管， 就可以被辅吸收换热管道 417接收， 从而将太阳 能光热接收装置的有效光学接收开口宽度变大， 具体可以是由 a变为 b， 如图 4所示， 主吸收换热管 416直径为 a和辅吸收换热管道 417开口宽度 为 b。 同时辅吸收换热管道 417还可在环状空间的大部分扇区吸收主吸收 换热管道 416外表释放出来的热量， 很好地综合提高太阳能光热接收装置 的热利用效率， 即使在太阳能光热接收装置的真空度发生下降或常压状态 的情况下， 也能提升集热器的整体热利用效率。 另外还可在辅吸收换热管 道 417、 主吸收换热管道 416之间加入辅助聚光装置 （图中未示出） ， 进 一歩提高主吸收换热管道 416的聚光能力。在金属细管阵列的外部布置具 有低热导率和耐高温的隔热保温材料 418， 例如气凝胶绝热材料， 以隔绝 热量向太阳能光热接收装置外部释放。本设计可以使有效光学接收开口宽 度增大， 降低槽式光热镜场系统的光学会聚精度要求， 即提高了曲面镜加 工容差范围、 镜场安装容差范围和太阳光跟踪会聚的容差范围， 能实现降 低整个太阳能光热接收装置的成本的目的， 其中， 曲面镜是太阳镜场用来 将太阳光会聚于太阳能光热接收器 2的镜面 （图中未示出） 。
该太阳能光热接收装置可以应用于菲涅尔阵列式光热聚光系统， 可以 利用曲面镜良好地克服菲涅尔阵列式镜场较槽式光热聚光系统稍弱的会 聚光能力， 以及因太阳能光热接收装置难以整体处于真空状态造成大于槽 式光热聚光系统的散热损失问题。 本实施例的太阳能光热接收装置能够在 保证菲涅尔阵列系统良好的综合热量接收效率的同时， 使菲涅尔阵列式光 热聚光系统的占地面积小、 抗风能力强、 造价低、 跟踪简单、 建设运维成 本低的优势得到更好发挥。
该太阳能光热接收装置能还可以应用于塔式聚光接收装置中， 增加系 统容错能力的同时， 能有效提高热能接收效率。
显而易见， 在不偏离本发明的真实精神和范围的前提下， 在此描述的 本发明可以有许多变化。 因此， 所有对于本领域技术人员来说可以预见的 改变， 都应包括在本权利要求书所涵盖的范围之内。 本发明所要求保护的 范围由所述的权利要求书进行限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在于， 所述太阳能光热接收装 置由密封结构和密封结构内部的太阳能光热接收器组成； 所述太阳能光热 接收器包括辅吸收换热管道和主吸收换热管道， 所述辅吸收换热管道内部 换热介质温度低于主吸收换热管道内部的换热介质温度； 辅吸收换热管道 接收主吸收换热管道释放的热量和 /或接收主吸收换热管道未接收的太阳 光热量； 太阳能光热接收装置通过所述太阳能光热接收器的管道内部流动 的换热介质带走热量。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在于， 所述太阳能光热接收器还包括辅吸收换热管道和主吸收换热管道之间布 置的辅助聚光装置， 所述辅助聚光装置辅助主吸收换热管道获得更多聚光 热量。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在 于， 所述太阳能光热接收装置为线性太阳能接收装置， 由至少一个所述线 性太阳能光热接收器组成， 布置在线性聚光系统的焦线位置。
4. 根据要求要求 3所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在于， 所述辅吸收换热管道为多个阵列布置的金属细管。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在于， 所述换热介质流经辅吸收换热管道后再流经主吸收换热管道。
6. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在 于， 在所述的辅吸收换热管道后部布置有隔热保温装置。
7. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在于， 所述辅吸收换热管道贴近所述辅助聚光装置布置。
8. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在于， 所述密封结构包括太阳能光热接收器的辅助聚光装置开口处布置的盖板 玻璃、包覆所述太阳能光热接收器背部的覆盖材料和所述太阳能光热接收 装置端部挡板， 三者形成封闭的空间。
9. 根据权利要求 2所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在于， 所述密封结构为两端封闭且由一段或多段串联组成的玻璃管。
10. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在 于， 所述密封结构的内部空间处于微正压状态。
11. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在 于， 所述密封结构内部处于静态真空状态或动态真空状态。
12. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在 于， 所述太阳能光热接收器内部流动的换热介质为导热油、 熔融盐、 水或 气体。
13. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种太阳能光热接收装置， 其特征在于， 所述太阳能光热接收装置应用于槽式光热聚光系统、 菲涅尔阵列式光热聚 光系统和塔式光热聚光系统中。
PCT/CN2013/000640 2012-05-31 2013-05-30 一种太阳能光热接收装置 WO2013177951A1 (zh)

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