WO2013174495A2

WO2013174495A2 - Installation for producing a concrete slab fitted with cladding elements

Info

Publication number: WO2013174495A2
Application number: PCT/EP2013/001452
Authority: WO
Inventors: Karl Friedrich Enderes; Erich Nussbaumer
Original assignee: Progress Holding A.G.
Priority date: 2012-05-21
Filing date: 2013-05-16
Publication date: 2013-11-28
Also published as: EP2852479A2; CN104395047A; RU2598951C2; CN104395047B; DE202013012636U1; WO2013174495A3; AT13501U1; RU2014151563A

Abstract

Installation for producing a concrete slab (2) fitted with cladding elements (1), particularly a prefabricated concrete element, on at least one pallet (4), wherein the pallet can be moved between processing stations, wherein formwork elements (13) can be affixed to the pallet (4) in a formwork station (14), wherein the cladding elements (1) can be laid on the pallet (4) in an assembly station (15), wherein a layer of concrete (5a, 5b) can be poured on said pallet (4) in at least one concreting station (16, 30), characterized in that a separating station (17) is provided for the cladding elements (1), in which station the sizes and/or contours of the cladding elements (1) can be adjusted - for preference they can be cut - as a function of an allocation plan (26) for the cladding elements (1), wherein the cladding elements (1) adjusted by the separating station (17) can be placed in the correct location on the pallet (4) in the assembly station (15) on the basis of the allocation plan (26).

Description

Plant for the production of a concrete panel covered with cladding elements

The invention relates to a system for producing a occupied concrete elements with concrete panels, in particular a precast concrete element, on at least one pallet, wherein the pallet is movable between processing stations, wherein in a formwork station formwork elements can be applied to the pallet, wherein in a loading station, the lining elements on the pallet can be placed, wherein in at least one concreting a concrete layer on the pallet is pourable.

Plants for the production of concrete slabs or precast concrete elements movable between processing stations documents or pallets are already known and are often referred to as pallet circulation systems. Concrete slabs are poured into molds on pallets. Disadvantages, however, can be very time-consuming work processes, such as the application of a protective layer on the substrate, on which subsequently the concrete slab is poured and the application of the individual formwork. Furthermore, methods are already known which relate to the previous laying of cladding elements before the concrete is poured - the concrete is poured onto the back of the cladding elements and there is a concrete slab, which is already equipped after demolding with cladding elements. However, this results in other disadvantages such as, for example, out of joint, hardening concrete between the cladding elements, or time-consuming placement of the cladding elements, as they must be positioned in the correct position to generate a clean joint pattern. Furthermore, depending on the concrete slab to be manufactured, it may be necessary to adapt the cladding elements to the shape and size of the concrete slab before laying, which adds additional work and time.

The object of the invention is a comparison with the prior art improved system for producing a occupied concrete elements with cladding panels

CONFIRMATION COPY specify. In particular, individually planned concrete slabs are easy to produce and an improved level of production time and production costs can be achieved.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, it is therefore provided that a separating station is provided for the cladding elements, in which the sizes and / or contours of the cladding elements can be adapted depending on an allocation plan for the cladding elements - preferably cut to size - wherein in the placement station the cladding elements adapted by the separating station can be placed on the pallet in the correct position on the basis of the allocation plan.

In the allocation plan for a concrete slab to be produced, both the positions and the sizes and / or the contours of the cladding elements for the concrete slab can be defined. For each cladding element such as a tile, a plate or a stone, therefore, both the position of the corresponding cladding element and its size and contour can be set in the allocation plan. According to this occupancy plan, the individual cladding elements can now be adjusted or cut in the separating station and placed in the following placement station according to the correct position on the pallet, so as ultimately to produce the desired, occupied with these cladding concrete slab. In particular, this makes it possible to produce individually designed concrete slabs, since the respective appearance of the concrete slab can be determined by the respective occupancy plan. It may be provided that the system is operated data processing support, so that, inter alia, the moving in the system pallets are computer controlled by a corresponding movement device movable. In such a movement device, the pallets usually move on so-called fixed castors, which are moved by means of friction wheels. A machine or processing station or a person can after completion of the step, a "ready" signal to the Report control. As soon as corresponding processing stations have reported a "ready" signal, the pallets can be moved either fully automatically or "manually". The controller can release the movement and specify the paths.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore, a storage device may be provided in which the occupancy plan is storable, wherein in the occupancy plan, the positions and / or sizes and / or contours of the applied to the pallet panels for the concrete slab to be produced can be fixed. By specifying the positions, sizes and contours of the individual cladding elements may also result in a corresponding predefined joint image of the joints between the individual cladding elements from the allocation plan. The storage device for the occupancy plan can be, for example, a data carrier or even a data file. The allocation plan can be in the form of correspondingly structured data.

In a further preferred embodiment it can be provided that the separating station comprises a preferably computer-controlled cutting device, preferably a water jet cutter, for cutting the lining elements, wherein the sizes and / or contours of the lining elements can be adapted by appropriately cutting the lining elements.

Preferably, it may be provided that the loading station for placing the lining elements adapted by the separating station comprises a - preferably computer-controlled - laying-on device, preferably a laying robot.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant, it is possible to provide a pretreatment station upstream of the placement station, it being possible for a delay means delaying or preventing the concrete hardening to be applied to the pallet in the pretreatment station. The use of a delaying agent which retards or prevents concrete hardening, at least in the region of the joints, delays or prevents setting or hardening of the concrete. Depending on the choice of delay agent used, the penetration depth of the deceleration effect can be determined and thus the joint depth to be achieved can be determined. For example, the joint depth to be achieved may be about 1 mm to about 7 mm, preferably about 2 mm to about 3 mm.

The delaying agent may be e.g. to act a relatively thin lacquer layer or a correspondingly equipped with a retarder paper, wherein preferably the retarder is applied prior to placing the cladding elements on the substrate. The retarding means may also have an adhesive effect for the cladding elements to be arranged thereon, as a result of which the cladding elements can be fixed in a stable position by the delay means for the subsequent step of pouring into concrete.

Suitable delaying agents are already known per se. They are also referred to as deactivators and are available, for example, from the company HEBAU GmbH (company website: http://www.hebau.de/). Thus, for example, With a CSE® 25 deactivator from HEBAU, it is possible to achieve a discharge depth of approx. 2 mm with a CSE® 130 deactivator from HEBAU and a joint depth of approx. 4 mm. With respect to papers coated with a corresponding retarder, e.g. Using a WB paper "yellow" from HEBAU, achieve depths of relief or joint depths of about 2 mm and with a WB paper "green" from HEBAU joint depths of about 3 mm to about 5 mm.

Preferably, it can be provided that the pretreatment station for applying the delay means comprises a preferably computer-controlled application device, preferably a data-processing-controlled spray head. It can be provided that with the applicator, preferably with the spray head, the delay means according to a predefined, preferably stored as part of the assignment plan, joint image is applied to the pallet. As a protection for the pallet and / or to be able to remove the concrete slab more easily from the pallet after curing of the concrete layer, a further device may be provided, preferably as part of the pretreatment station, wherein with the further device a protective layer, preferably a plastic film, can be applied to the pallet, wherein preferably the protective layer is substantially over the entire surface applied to the pallet.

In a further embodiment it can be provided that the formwork station for applying the formwork elements to the pallet comprises a - preferably computer-controlled - formwork device, preferably a shuttering robot.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, provision can be made for the cutting device and / or the lay-on device and / or the application device and / or the formwork device to be actuated depending on the occupancy schedule, preferably by a control device evaluating the occupancy plan.

In particular, it can be provided that the cutting device automatically cuts a respective cladding element according to its size and / or contour according to the occupancy plan and the lay-up device automatically places a respective cladding element according to its position and positioning or alignment according to the occupancy plan in the correct position on the pallet.

The application device can preferably be controlled in such a way that it applies the deceleration means in an automated manner in accordance with the predefined joint pattern in accordance with the allocation plan, for example by spraying the deceleration agent onto the pallet in accordance with the joint image.

Furthermore, it may preferably be provided that the formwork device corresponding formwork elements according to occupancy plan automated on the pallet applies. For example, appropriate formwork elements for recesses of windows or doors in the concrete slab may be provided in the occupancy plan. In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the installation has at least one of the following processing stations following the placement station: a first concreting station with a first pouring device for pouring a - preferably fine-grained - first concrete layer onto the lining elements, a reinforcement station for introducing a reinforcement, a second concreting station with a second pouring device for pouring a second concrete layer, a drying chamber for curing the concrete slab, a formwork removal station for removing the formwork elements, a removal station for removing the finished concrete slab. In general, it can be provided that the pallet can be moved between the processing stations by means of a movement device, preferably a computer-controlled one. In such a movement device, the pallets usually move on so-called fixed castors, which are moved by means of friction wheels. A machine or processing station or a person can report a "ready" signal to the controller after completion of the work step.As soon as corresponding processing stations have reported a "ready" signal, the pallets can be moved either fully automatically or "manually" In one particularly preferred embodiment, the concrete slab to be manufactured can be a wall element for a building, whereby the wall element can have at least one recess for a door and / or a window The invention further relates to a method for producing a concrete panel covered with cladding elements, wherein the cladding elements are placed with intervening joints on a substrate and poured with at least one concrete layer, wherein the concrete slab is removed after curing of the concrete layer of the substrate. Methods for the production of cladding elements occupied concrete slabs are already known in the art. Cladding elements such as tiles, slabs or stones can on the one hand be applied directly to a construction site after placing a concrete element (eg precast concrete wall) on the concrete element. However, this is associated with a very high cost. In addition, the achievement of a desired joint pattern and a joint closure, so that no water can penetrate behind the tile, difficult. Furthermore, it is known to prefabricate occupied with cladding concrete panels as precast elements by the cladding elements such as tiles or plates are arranged using a template or die in a formwork and poured with concrete. However, such a stencil or die must be made specifically for each precast element and for each type of cladding elements, as well as for any desired joint depth, making this manufacturing process is not only very expensive and expensive, but also produces a lot of waste. In another known method, the cladding elements are placed on a sand bed introduced into the formwork. After pouring the cladding elements in concrete and curing the concrete layer, the sand is removed from the joints after demoulding and the joints are manually closed with mortar. Also, this process involves some difficulties, such as applying the sand to achieve a uniform sand bed. Due to the deformability of the sand, it is also difficult to achieve a desired uniform joint pattern. The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages described above and to provide a comparison with the prior art improved method for producing a occupied with cladding elements concrete slab. In particular, a fixation of the applied cladding elements during concreting and compacting and an exact and straight joint formation in width, straightness and depth are to be made possible. In addition, it should be possible to provide different joint depths and to achieve a good joint closure, for example, to prevent ingress of water behind the cladding elements and thus possibly associated dropping of the cladding elements. This object is achieved by the features of claim 14. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. According to the invention, it is thus provided that, at least in the region of the joints between the cladding elements, a retarding agent which delays or inhibits concrete hardening is applied to the substrate before the concrete layer entering the joints is poured in. The use of a delaying agent which retards or prevents concrete hardening, at least in the region of the joints, delays or prevents setting or hardening of the concrete. Depending on the choice of delay agent used, the penetration depth of the deceleration effect can be determined and thus the joint depth to be achieved can be determined. For example, the joint depth to be achieved may be about 1 mm to about 7 mm, preferably about 2 mm to about 3 mm.

Suitable delaying agents are already known per se. They are also referred to as deactivators and are available, for example, from the company HEBAU GmbH (company website: http://www.hebau.de/). For example, with a CSE® 25 deactivator from HEBAU, it is possible to achieve wash depths or joint depths of about 2 mm and with a CSE® 130 deactivator from HEBAU joint depths of about 4 mm. With regard to papers coated with an appropriate delay agent, it is possible to use, for example, a "yellow" WB paper from HEBAU Auswauschtiefen or Fugentiefen of about 2 mm and with a WB paper "green" from HEBAU joint depths of about 3 mm to about 5 mm.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment it can be provided that the cladding elements are placed with substantially uniformly wide joints between adjacent cladding elements. As a result, a particularly regular joint pattern can be generated. In general, however, any joint images are possible, especially when the laying of the cladding elements on the delay means is automated, such as. By data processing controlled robot arms.

According to the desired joint pattern may preferably be provided that the retarder applied substantially strip-shaped on the substrate, preferably sprayed, is. Preferably, the retarder can be applied substantially only in the region of the desired joints between the cladding elements and thus a particularly low consumption of the retarder can be achieved. In general, however, the retarder can also be applied substantially over the whole area to the substrate. As a protection for the substrate and / or to be able to remove the concrete layer after curing of the concrete layer easier from the substrate, it may preferably be provided that a protective layer is applied to the substrate before applying the retarder. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if a film, preferably a plastic film, is applied as the protective layer.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention it can be provided that a carrier paper is applied to the substrate before placing the cladding elements, wherein on a side facing away from the pad or after placing the cladding elements facing the cladding elements first side of the backing paper, the retarder is applied. In particular, when a movable pallet is used as a base, wherein preferably the pallet has a metal surface, it may preferably be provided that on a second side of the backing paper facing the base, a rust inhibitor is applied. Overall, so that the backing paper can also be regarded as a protective layer for the pad.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it may be provided that the surfaces of the cladding elements facing the base are substantially planar, wherein tiles, plates or bricks are preferably placed as cladding elements. After the concrete has hardened and the concrete slab has been removed from the base, it is thus possible to produce an already tiled prefabricated concrete wall.

In general, it can be provided that substantially cuboid cladding elements are used, each having a height, a length and a width, wherein the height of a cladding element less than 1/5, preferably less than 1/10, the length and / or the width of a cladding element is.

After placing the cladding elements may be provided in a preferred embodiment of the invention that the cladding elements are poured with a, preferably fine-grained, first concrete layer, preferably after pouring the first concrete layer, a second concrete layer is poured. This first concrete layer may be formed as a mortar with a small aggregate grain or as so-called cement slurry, so that a good bond with the cladding elements and a complete filling of the joints can be achieved. In general, the at least one concrete layer or the first concrete layer may also be colored, in order to achieve particular aesthetic effects, in particular in connection with the lining elements used.

After pouring the cladding elements with this first concrete layer, which can also be referred to as joint concrete, a second concrete layer can be applied and compacted with a correspondingly predetermined layer thickness. This second concrete layer can be steel-reinforced as needed.

For the proposed method, a plant according to one of claims 1 to 13 or in general a device for producing a concrete slab occupied with cladding elements can be used, wherein a movement device for Movement of pallets, an applicator for automatically applying a retarder on the pallets, a lay-on device for the correct placement of the cladding elements with a predefined joint pattern on the pallets and at least one pouring device for automated pouring of the cladding elements are provided with at least one concrete layer.

In a preferred embodiment it can be provided that the application device has a, preferably data-processing-controlled, spray head, wherein the delay means can be applied to a pallet with the spray head in accordance with the predefined joint image.

A particular embodiment provides that a further device is provided, wherein with the further device, a protective layer, preferably a plastic film, can be applied to a pallet, wherein preferably the protective layer is substantially over the entire surface on the pallet can be applied.

The production of a concrete slab covered with cladding elements can preferably take place in an automated process as possible, particularly preferably in a fully automatic process. The individual devices (for example moving device, applicator, laying device, pouring devices, etc.) can be designed to be data-processing-controlled.

In general, the manufacturing process can include the following steps:

· Cleaning the base or pallet,

Applying a rustproofing agent or a carrier paper and / or a protective layer (for example plastic film) to the pallet,

Application of the delaying agent,

Inserting the formwork,

· Placing the cladding elements,

Pouring a thin first layer of concrete (e.g.

Joint concrete)

• introducing a reinforcement,

• pouring a second layer of concrete. Further details and advantages of the present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the description of the figures with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Showing:

Fig. 1 is a schematically illustrated part of a proposed

Pallet circulation system,

FIG. 2 shows a control diagram evaluating an occupancy plan in a schematic illustration, FIG.

3a shows a layout of a concrete wall with cladding elements,

3b shows a layout of a concrete wall with cladding elements and recesses for doors and / or windows,

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a proposed

Pallet circulation system in a schematic block diagram, Fig. 5a to 9b an embodiment of a proposed method for

Production of a paneling occupied

Concrete slab,

10a is a plan view of a concrete slab,

10b shows a cross-sectional view according to section line AA of FIG. 10a, FIGS. 11a to 14b show a further embodiment of a proposed method for producing a concrete panel covered with cladding elements,

15a is a plan view of a concrete slab,

15b is a cross-sectional view along section line AA of Fig. 15a, Fig. 16a is a plan view of a cladding element,

16b is a perspective view of the cladding element of FIG.

16a,

Fig. 17 shows an example of a concrete slab to be manufactured in solid construction and

Fig. 18 shows an example of a concrete slab to be manufactured in sandwich construction.

Figure 1 shows schematically a part of a proposed pallet circulation system for producing a occupied with cladding elements 1 concrete slab 2 on pallets 4, wherein the pallets 4 undergo several steps. The steps begin with a cleaning station 27, in which a pallet 4 is freed of impurities. Subsequently, a further device, preferably as part of the pretreatment station 21, can be provided, by means of which a protective layer 7, such as, for example, a film or spray foil, can be applied to the base or pallet 4. This device may, for example, be an oil device which sprays an oil film or an oil layer onto the pallet 4. In the next step, in the example shown in the pretreatment station 21, a delaying agent 6 which delays or prevents concrete hardening is applied to the pallet 4. The retarder 6 can be sprayed on the surface of the pallet 4 in direct form, for example as a delay coating. In the example shown, this is done automatically by means of an applicator 22, which is designed as equipped with a spray head industrial robot. In order to save material and to simplify cleaning, it can be provided that the delay means 6 apply only in the region of the respective joints between the individual cladding elements 1. In the example shown, the joint pattern of the concrete slab 2 to be produced is part of an occupancy plan 26 for the concrete slab 2, wherein the occupancy plan 26 was created with a CAD-based planning system in the form of a computer 26 and stored in a storage device 18. A control device 24 connected to the computer 26 processes the allocation plan 26 and controls the application device 22 with corresponding commands, so that the delaying means 6 is applied to the pallet in accordance with the joint pattern of the allocation plan 26. In principle, however, the retardation means 6 can also be mounted on a carrier paper 8, which is designed substantially over the entire area of the pallet 4.

In a formwork station 14, the necessary formwork elements 13 are applied to the pallets 4 by means of a formwork device 23, such as a shuttering robot. Here, both formwork elements 13 for the edge region of the concrete slab 2 as well as formwork elements 13 for recesses 41 for windows and / or doors can be placed in the correct position according to allocation plan 26. This in turn can be automated by means of the occupancy 26 evaluating Control device 24, which sends commands to the formwork device 23.

In the next step, correspondingly discrete facing elements 1 are placed on the prepared pallet 4 by means of lay-on device 20 in a placement station 15. This is done in the example shown by the correspondingly controlled by the control device 24 lay-on device 20 in the form of a Verlegeroboters so that the cladding elements 1 are placed automatically according to the allocation plan 26.

To be able to position suitable cladding elements 1 such as tiles or flagstones around recesses 41 for doors or windows or to adapt the cladding elements 1 the size of the concrete slab 2, you need appropriate blanks of these cladding elements 1 for the recesses 41 or the edge region the concrete slabs 2. The cutting of these cladding elements 1 via a cutting device 19, which is part of the separating station 17. According to allocation plan 26, corresponding commands are forwarded by the control device 24 to the cutting device 19 in the form of a water jet cutter and the lining elements 1 are cut to size accordingly. Among other things, the waste can also be optimized in order not to unnecessarily waste the starting material, the lining elements 1. Furthermore, blanks can be obtained from remnants, if occupancy plan 26 permits. The cut or whole panel elements 1 are stored for further processing steps on a conveyor belt or a shelf by, for example, a separating robot.

After the cladding elements 1 fitted in the placement station 15 have been partly laid as a whole or as a blank, in a first concreting station 16 a first fine-grained concrete layer is poured over the previously laid cladding elements 1 and distributed over the whole area. In this case, for a good penetration of the concrete in the joints, the pallet 4 can be easily shaken or shaken.

Figure 2 shows schematically a CAD-based planning system in the form of a computer 25, on the screen of the occupancy 26 for the to be produced Concrete plate 2 is shown. This allocation plan 26 can be stored directly on the computer 25 in the form of a data file as a storage device 18 or can also be stored on an external storage device 18 such as an external hard drive or a USB stick. The data of the allocation plan 26 are processed by the computer 25 and passed on to a control device 24. The control device 24 may be responsible for the control or activation of the application device 22 for applying the retardation means 6, the cutting device 19 for cutting the individual covering elements 1 or also the laying device 20, which moves the individual covering elements 1 on the pallet 4. In addition, there may be added, for example, further devices controlled by the control device 24, such as, for example, a robot which inserts the reinforcements for the concrete slab 2 or else a separating robot which moves the individual cladding elements 1 from the cutting device 19 onto a conveyor belt or onto a shelf.

FIG. 3a shows, by way of example, an allocation plan 26 for a precast concrete element to be manufactured in the form of a wall element for a building. This allocation plan 26 shows the sizes, contours and positions or laying patterns of the panel elements 4 to be arranged on a panel 1. As can be seen, corresponding blanks are required in particular for cladding elements 1 which adjoin a formwork element 13. From the apparent in the allocation plan 26 laying of the cladding elements 1, inter alia, the joint image, as well as the offset of the cladding elements 1 result when using the trimming. FIG. 3b shows, by way of example, another possible layout 26 for a precast concrete element to be manufactured in the form of a wall element for a building. Here it can be seen that recesses 41 for windows and / or doors are located on the allocation plan 26. In general, the allocation plan 26 may include the following information:

• the sizes and contours of the individual cladding elements 1

• the positions or assignments of the individual cladding elements 1

• The resulting by the arrangement of the cladding elements 1 joint image

• the positioning of recesses 41 for windows and doors • the positioning of the individual formwork elements 13th

The size or shape of the concrete slabs 2 to be produced, which is defined by the outer cladding

· The position of the concrete slab 2 on the pallet 4

The allocation plan 26 can be located either on an external storage device 18 or directly on the computer 25 in the form of a data file and can be retrieved or changed at any time for the production of concrete slabs 2. It is thus possible to make each concrete slab 2 unique according to individual CAD data.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a proposed pallet circulation system with its individual processing stations. The pallets 4 not shown in detail here for reasons of clarity run in the direction of the arrows through the processing stations of the pallet circulation system, it being distinguished in the example shown whether the concrete slab 2 is manufactured in solid or sandwich construction. The steps begin with the cleaning station 27 to initiate only cleaned pallets 4 in the steps. Subsequently, a further device, preferably as part of the pretreatment station 21, can be provided, by means of which a protective layer 7, such as, for example, a film or spray foil, can be applied to the base or pallet 4. This device may, for example, be an oil device which sprays an oil film or an oil layer onto the pallet 4. In the pretreatment station 21, a protective layer 7 and a delaying agent 6 are applied. In the formwork station 14 2 required formwork elements 13 are applied by means of a shuttering device 23 for the concrete slab. In the next step, correspondingly discrete facing elements 1 are placed in the placement station 15, which are previously processed in the separating station 17. In the concreting station 16, a first, fine-grained concrete layer is poured before a reinforcement is inserted in the reinforcement station 28, which can preferably be done automatically by means of robots. In a rework station 29, the previous steps are now controlled and possibly necessary reworking carried out. In a second concreting station 30, a second concrete layer is now automatically poured over the first concrete layer and distributed accordingly in the stripping station 31. After removal, the concrete slab can now be forwarded to the stacker crane 36, if it is a solid concrete slab. There it is stored for further work steps. If it is a sandwich-type concrete slab, the formwork supplement for the further layers can now be introduced in a formwork completion station 32. In the insulation station 33, the insulation for a sandwich wall is applied on the stripped surface and inserted in the second reinforcement station 34 a reinforcement. Any rework on the sandwich walls is carried out in the sandwich reworking station 35 before the pallet 4 is returned to the second concreting station 30, where again the stripping process in the stripping station 31 is continued.

The concrete slabs 2 (in sandwich or solid construction) come from the stacker crane 36 to a smoothing station 37 and then into the drying chamber 38 until they are cured and are subsequently freed from the formwork elements 13 in the formwork removal station 39. The finished concrete slabs 2 can finally be taken from the pallets 4 in the removal station 40.

FIG. 5 a shows a plan view of a base 4 designed as a movable pallet, and FIG. 5 b shows a partial cross-section, not to scale, along the section line AA of FIG. To protect the pad 4, a protective layer 7 in the form of a plastic film is applied substantially over the entire surface of the pad.

FIG. 6a shows a plan view of the base 4 according to FIG. 5a, and FIG. 6b shows a partial cross-section, not to scale, along the section line AA of FIG. 6a. Corresponding to the desired joint pattern of the concrete slab 2 to be produced, which is covered with cladding elements 1, joints 3 being arranged between the cladding elements 1 (see FIG. 10a), a delaying agent 6 delaying or preventing concrete hardening was applied to the protective layer 7 substantially in strip form. This application of the delay means 6 For example, can be accomplished by a data processing controlled spray head, which sprays a delay varnish. FIG. 7a shows a top view of the base 4 according to FIG. 6a, and FIG. 7b shows a partial cross-section, not to scale, along the section line AA of FIG. 7a. The underlay 4 was shut down accordingly with a shuttering 13, in order to provide a boundary for the laying of the cladding elements 1 and the pouring of the concrete layers 5a, 5b. In a further step, cladding elements 1 in the form of tiles with their essentially planar surfaces 1 a have now been placed on the protective layer 7 or the delaying means 6. The width of the strips of the retarder 6 is in this example slightly larger than the width of the joints 3, so that the cladding elements 1 come to lie in the region of their outer edges on the retarder 6. The retarding means 6 acts in this sense as an adhesive, so that the cladding elements 1 can be fixed in a stable position for the subsequent pouring concrete.

FIG. 8a shows a top view of the base 4 according to FIG. 7a, and FIG. 8b shows a partial cross-section, not to scale, along the section line AA of FIG. 8a. The cladding elements 1 are cast in this step with a first concrete layer 5a designed as a cement slurry. This cement slurry has a small aggregate aggregate, so that a good bond with the cladding elements 1 and a complete filling of the joints 3 can be achieved. Due to the fact that the strip-like applied retardation means 6 extends beyond the width of the joints 3, it can moreover be achieved that a cement slurry which may penetrate in the edge regions of a lining element 1 between the surface 1a of the lining element 1 and the delaying means 6 also cures with delay or does not harden at all. As a result, contamination of the surfaces 1 a of the cladding elements 1 can be reduced or prevented.

FIG. 9a shows a top view of the base 4 according to FIG. 8a, and FIG. 9b shows a partial cross-section, not to scale, along the section line AA of FIG. 9a. In In this step, a second concrete layer 5b was applied to the first concrete layer 5a (cement slurry). In this example, the second concrete layer 5b is provided with a steel reinforcement 12. FIG. 10a shows a plan view of a ready-made concrete slab 2 covered with cladding elements 1, and FIG. 10b shows a partial cross-section, not to scale, along section line AA of FIG. 10a. After curing of the first concrete layer 5a (cement slurry) and the second concrete layer 5b, the concrete slab 2 can be disengaged and removed from the base 4. The formerly the pad 4 facing side of the concrete slab 2 can be washed with water afterwards. By the delay means 6 soiling on the surfaces 1 a of the cladding elements 1 and the uncured parts of the cement slurry can be washed out of the joints 3 and thus the desired joint depth can be achieved. According to the choice of the delay means 6, the Auswaschtiefe the cement slurry or the at least one concrete layer 5a and thus the joint depth can be set.

FIGS. 11a to 14b show a further variant of a production method for producing a concrete slab 2 covered with cladding elements 1, similar to the method according to FIGS. 5a to 9b, with the difference that a carrier paper 8 is used instead of a protective layer 7 with delay means 6 applied thereon comes. On a side facing away from the base 4 first side 9 of the carrier paper 8, a retarder 6 is applied and on a pad 4 facing the second side 10 of the backing paper 8, a rust inhibitor 1 1 is applied. The carrier paper 8 also serves as a protective layer 7 for the pad 4 and reduces or prevents rusting from occurring in the event that the pad 4 is formed as a pallet with a metal surface. The steps according to FIGS. 12a to 14b correspond to the steps of FIGS. 7a to 9b. FIG. 15a shows a plan view of a concrete slab 2 which was produced by the method according to FIGS. 11a to 14b. FIG. 15b shows a partial cross-section, not to scale, along section line AA of FIG. 15a. The concrete slab 2 corresponds to the concrete slab 2 according to FIG. 10a with the difference that the layer thickness of the second concrete slab 5b is slightly lower. 16a shows a plan view of a cladding element 1 and FIG. 16b shows a perspective top view of the cladding element 1 of FIG. 16a. The cladding element 1 is in this example a substantially parallelepiped-shaped tile with a height H, a length L and a width B. The height H of the cladding element 1 is less than one fifth of the length L of the cladding element first

Figure 17 shows, by way of example, a solid concrete slab 2 still cast on with cladding elements 1, similar to the illustration in Figure 9b, although not all details (for example the protective layer 7 or the delaying means 6) are shown for reasons of clarity.

Figure 18 shows a representation corresponding to Figure 17 for a concrete slab 2 in sandwich construction. Here, in addition to a first concrete layer 5a and a second concrete layer 5b, an insulating layer 42 and a further, reinforced concrete layer 43 is provided.

Claims

claims:

Installation for the production of a concrete slab (2), in particular a precast concrete element, on at least one pallet (4), the pallet being movable between processing stations, wherein in a formwork station (14) formwork elements (13) on the pallet ( 4) can be applied, wherein in a placement station (15) the cladding elements (1) are placed on the pallet (4), wherein in at least one concreting station (16, 30) a concrete layer (5a, 5b) on the pallet (4) pourable characterized in that a separating station (17) for the cladding elements (1) is provided, in which the sizes and / or contours of the cladding elements (1) depending on a layout (26) for the cladding elements (1) adaptable - preferably cut to size - Are, in the placement station (15) by the separating station (17) adapted cladding elements (1) on the basis of the allocation plan (26) in stock ig on the pallet (4) can be placed.

Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a storage device (18) is provided, in which the occupancy schedule (26) is storable, wherein in the occupancy schedule (26) the positions and / or the sizes and / or the contours of the pallet ( 4) to be applied cladding elements for the concrete slab to be produced (2) can be fixed.

Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separating station (17) comprises a - preferably computer controlled - cutting device (19), preferably a water jet cutter, for cutting the lining elements (1), wherein the sizes and / or contours of the lining elements (1 ) are adaptable by appropriate cutting of the cladding elements (1).

Installation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the loading station (15) for placing the by the separating station (17) adapted cladding elements (1) - preferably computer controlled - lay-on device (20), preferably a laying robot comprises. Installation according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a pretreatment station (21) arranged upstream of the placement station (15) is provided, wherein in the pretreatment station (21) a delay means (6) delaying or preventing concrete hardening is applied to the pallet (4). can be applied.

Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the pretreatment station (21) for applying the delay means (6) comprises a preferably computer-controlled application device (22), preferably a data-processing-controlled spray head.

Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that with the applicator (22), preferably with the spray head, the delay means (6) according to a predefined, preferably as part of the assignment plan (26) stored, joint image on the pallet (4) can be applied.

Installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a further device, preferably as part of the pretreatment station (21), is provided, wherein with the further device a protective layer (7), preferably a plastic film, on the pallet (4). can be applied, wherein preferably the protective layer (7) substantially over the entire surface of the pallet (4) can be applied.

Installation according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the formwork station (14) for applying the formwork elements (13) on the pallet (4) - a - preferably computer-controlled - shuttering device (23), preferably a shuttering robot comprises.

Installation according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the cutting device (19) and / or the laying device (20) and / or the application device (22) and / or the formwork device (23) depending on Occupancy plan (26) is controllable or are, preferably by a the occupancy plan (26) evaluating control device (24).

11. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the system at least one of the following of the placement station (15) subsequent

Processing stations comprising: a first concreting station (16) with a first pouring device for pouring a - preferably fine-grained - first concrete layer (5a) on the cladding elements (1), a reinforcement station (28) for introducing a reinforcement (12), a second concreting station (30 ) with a second pouring device for pouring a second concrete layer (5b), a

Drying chamber (38) for curing the concrete slab (2), a formwork removal station (39) for removing the formwork elements (13), a removal station (40) for removing the finished concrete slab (2).

Installation according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the pallet (4) between the processing stations by a - preferably computer-controlled - moving means is movable.

Installation according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the concrete slab to be manufactured (2) is a wall element for a building, wherein preferably the wall element has at least one recess for a door and / or a window.

Method for producing a concrete panel (2) covered with cladding elements (1), in particular for a plant according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the cladding elements (1) with intervening joints (3) placed on a base (4) and with at least one Concrete layer (5a, 5b) are poured, wherein the concrete slab (2) after curing of the concrete layer (5a, 5b) of the pad (4) is removed, characterized in that on the pad (4) at least in the region of the joints ( 3) between the cladding elements (1) a delaying or preventing the concrete curing delay means (6) is applied before the in the joints (3) entering concrete layer (5a) is poured.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the delay means (6) before applying the cladding elements (1) on the substrate (4) is applied.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the cladding elements (1) with substantially uniformly wide joints (3) between adjacent cladding elements (1) are placed.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the delay means (6) substantially strip-shaped on the substrate (4) applied, preferably sprayed, is.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that as a protection for the pad (4) prior to the application of the delay means (6), a protective layer (7) on the pad (4) is applied.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that as a protective layer (7), a film, preferably a plastic film is applied.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that before placing the cladding elements (1) a carrier paper (8) on the substrate (4) is applied, facing away on one of the pad (4) or after the Laying on the lining elements (1) the lining elements (1) facing the first side (9) of the backing paper (8), the delay means (6) is applied.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that on one of the pad (4) facing the second side (10) of the backing paper (8), a rust inhibitor (11) is applied.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the pad (4) facing surfaces (1a) of the cladding elements (1) are substantially planar.

23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that as cladding elements (1) tiles, plates or stones are placed. 24. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that substantially cuboid cladding elements (1) each having a height (H), a length (L) and a width (B) are used, wherein the height (H) a cladding element (1) is less than 1/5, preferably less than 1/10, the length (L) and / or the width (B) of a cladding element (1).

25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the cladding elements (1) with a, preferably fine-grained, first concrete layer (5a) are poured, preferably after pouring the first concrete layer (5a) a second concrete layer (5b ) is poured.

26. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that a movable pallet is used as a base (4), wherein preferably the pallet has a metal surface.