WO2013174299A1 - 一种升降装置及应用于该升降装置的容器 - Google Patents

一种升降装置及应用于该升降装置的容器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013174299A1
WO2013174299A1 PCT/CN2013/076191 CN2013076191W WO2013174299A1 WO 2013174299 A1 WO2013174299 A1 WO 2013174299A1 CN 2013076191 W CN2013076191 W CN 2013076191W WO 2013174299 A1 WO2013174299 A1 WO 2013174299A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
counterweight
trash
lifting
fixed pulley
weight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/076191
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘建威
Original Assignee
Liu Jianwei
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liu Jianwei filed Critical Liu Jianwei
Priority to AU2013265773A priority Critical patent/AU2013265773A1/en
Priority to GB1420789.8A priority patent/GB2523436A/en
Priority to US14/402,758 priority patent/US20150096391A1/en
Publication of WO2013174299A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013174299A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/14—Other constructional features; Accessories
    • B65F1/1452—Lifting, hoisting, elevating mechanisms or the like for refuse receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/14—Other constructional features; Accessories
    • B65F1/1452—Lifting, hoisting, elevating mechanisms or the like for refuse receptacles
    • B65F1/1457—Lifting, hoisting, elevating mechanisms or the like for refuse receptacles for refuse receptacles located underground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H19/00—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion
    • F16H19/001—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for conveying reciprocating or limited rotary motion
    • F16H19/003—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for conveying reciprocating or limited rotary motion comprising a flexible member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/14—Other constructional features; Accessories
    • B65F1/1468—Means for facilitating the transport of the receptacle, e.g. wheels, rolls
    • B65F1/1473—Receptacles having wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2220/00—Properties of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2220/106—Collapsible
    • B65F2220/1066—Collapsible telescopic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18568—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary
    • Y10T74/18832—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including flexible drive connector [e.g., belt, chain, strand, etc.]
    • Y10T74/18848—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including flexible drive connector [e.g., belt, chain, strand, etc.] with pulley

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lifting device and a specially designed container (retractable trash can) b
  • Chinese patent 200620097663.0 discloses a hydraulic buried garbage bin. It consists of a garbage bin, a linkage mechanism, a hydraulic system, an electrical control system, and an underground pit.
  • a box door locking cylinder and a box door opening and closing oil cylinder are fixedly hinged at a front portion of the side panel of the garbage box body, and a push plate cylinder is fixedly fixed at a rear portion of the garbage box body, and a photoelectric sensor, a photoelectric sensor is installed at a garbage inlet of the top plate Connected to the PLC in the electrical control system.
  • the connecting rod is fixedly hinged at one side of the bottom of the pit, and one end of the connecting rod and the lifting cylinder are respectively hinged with the moving block in the lower horizontal moving groove, and the other end of the lifting cylinder is hinged on the connecting rod, and the upper end of the connecting rod and the upper horizontal moving groove
  • the moving block in the middle is hinged, and the upper end of the connecting rod is fixedly hinged to the front upper portion of the side panel of the garbage can body.
  • Chinese patent application 200410046941.5 discloses a load-bearing underground garbage station consisting of a garbage can, a cylinder, a rope, a pulley block and a counterweight.
  • the cylinder is placed under the garbage bin, one end of the rope is connected to the garbage bin, and the other end is associated with the weight.
  • the middle is wound on the pulley and the pulley block is placed on the ground.
  • Chinese Patent No. 02274879.2 discloses a lifting and lowering underground garbage bin.
  • the garbage bin frame has a flap type garbage inlet at the top, a partition in the garbage box frame, and a drawer type bottomless garbage box on the partition, and a push behind the garbage box
  • the plate has a four-link connection at the back of the push plate. The other ends of the four-link are respectively fixed on the frame and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • Under the garbage bin frame there is an underground pool that can accommodate the frame.
  • the top of the garbage bin frame is level with the ground, and a hydraulic lifting system is installed at the bottom of the underground pool to control the lifting and lowering of the garbage bin frame.
  • Chinese patent 200920008428.5 discloses an environmentally-friendly underground garbage bin that integrates garbage, automatic opening and closing, and underground installation.
  • the barrel cover is movably connected to one end of the top of the outer tub, and a lifting straight rod is arranged on the inner side of the outer top of the outer tub to be movably connected to control the opening and closing of the lid.
  • a lifting straight rod is arranged on the inner side of the outer top of the outer tub to be movably connected to control the opening and closing of the lid.
  • the above-mentioned buried garbage bins are mostly used to solve the hidden garbage bin scheme in public places. Therefore, it is usually combined with hydraulic power, power or manpower on the garbage truck to lift the trash can; some are only focused on the opening of the bucket cover. Design, some have a large part of the components on the ground, so it is not space-saving, convenient and practical And a program that can be popularized. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention utilizes some principles of ergonomics such as: the average person lifts a weight of 30 kg and is more strenuous, and with his own weight, the force of 20 or more 30 kg can be easily pressed out with both hands; Effortlessly press out the force of 8, 10kg; with the foot it is easy to step on the force of dozens of kilograms or even its own weight, so some principles, combined with the principle of weight reduction and lifting force, skillfully designed to pass a certain amount
  • the small movements accumulate the energy required to lift the trash can, thus providing a relatively complete solution that can be widely used in sunken storage containers, enabling sinking without energy.
  • the present invention When applied to a trash can, the present invention more specifically designs a telescopic trash can device.
  • the design of the telescopic device is due to the fact that the amount of garbage dumping is increased with the increase of the number of days of use, so that it can be used to consolidate the barrel with the amount of garbage, and the trash can can be completely hidden or partially hidden in the ground, thereby achieving beautification.
  • the function of the graceful capacity can also reduce the depth of excavation of the trash can lifting device.
  • the present invention can be used for increasing the storage space of the home, solving the garbage collection of the front and back yards, setting up the online shopping automatic receiving box of the narrow front yard of the city, and beautifying the home.
  • the description refers to the trash can on the bottom plate as a load, a load or a container, and it is desirable that the invention can be applied to a wide range of household storage needs.
  • the present invention provides a lifting device comprising:
  • a first rotating shaft provided with a first switch for setting the steering of the first rotating shaft, and a first fixed pulley; a first weighting member located at one end of the first fixed pulley sling;
  • the method further includes:
  • a second weight member located at one end of the second fixed pulley sling and suspended directly below the first weight member by passing through two perforations in the first weight; a clutch device that is coupled to the first weight member when in contact;
  • the second external force acting device that drives the second weight member to rise a certain height each time under the action of the second external force.
  • the device comprises a driven gear on a second rotating shaft, a small driving wheel coupled thereto, a large one-way driving flywheel coaxially sleeved with the small driving wheel, and a pressing rod coupled with the large one-way driving flywheel and thereon a second pressing surface; a second switch for setting the steering on the large and small driving axle;
  • the first fixed pulley is composed of one pair of sprocket plus another set of sprocket or another set of sheaves, so that the four sides are balanced and lifted;
  • the second fixed pulley is a pair of sprocket Maintaining the second counterweight balance and parallel contact with the first counterweight.
  • the clutch device is in a separated state when the bottom of the lifting device is lifted; when it is raised from the bottom, it is in a slidable state; when it is raised to touch the bottom of the first weight, it is engaged to make the weight of the first weight. Add to the second weight.
  • the bottom of the first weight member is provided with a groove or a protrusion which can be engaged by the front ends of the two legs of the clutch device;
  • the detachable device in the second weight is a spring device.
  • the first external force acting device includes a first pressing surface, a first pressing rod connected to the first pressing surface, and a first engagement with the first pressing rod.
  • the one-way flywheel is sleeved on the first rotating shaft.
  • a housing is further included, the housing including an outer casing buried in the ground and in contact with the underground soil, and an inner casing.
  • the present invention provides a lifting container that is housed within the lifting device described above.
  • the lifting container is a wheeled trash can.
  • the trash can can be a standard wheeled trash can for standard garbage trucks.
  • the trash can is a retractable trash can, which is a standard height wheeled trash can when it is stretched, and shrinks only half of the standard height.
  • the lifting device of the present invention is summarized into three systems which are related to each other but can also be used individually or in a flexible combination configuration, and are described as follows:
  • the system is designed to take advantage of the fact that the general human body can easily apply 20-30kg of downforce with both hands, and the system can store the energy of the load by a certain amount; and since the system is directly attached to the bottom plate, it is the basic skeleton of the whole system (such as below) When referring to the selection of other systems instead of the system, this basic structure needs to be retained for other systems to engage or apply force to lift the bottom plate.
  • the first weight component is a weighted piece of a certain shape. Considering the amount of earthmoving in practical applications, a material with a large specific gravity but moderate cost, such as cast iron or lead, should be used, and the shape of the square body should be used to save space.
  • the bottom plate is simultaneously lifted by the first fixed pulley to cancel part or all of the load, that is, the first weight member descends under the action of gravity.
  • the weight is selected, it is generally necessary to consider an ordinary person to press down about 20-30 kg for a relatively easy operation. Of course, for other special applications, it is also possible to consider the value of the whole person's weight of 50-70kg. Another consideration is whether the original weight is used.
  • the first fixed pulley has two methods: 1. One pair of sprockets (2a, 2b) is matched with another set of sprockets (2c, 2d, 2e, 2f); 2. A pair of sprockets (2a, 2b) Match another pair of sheaves (2c, 2d, 2e, 2f). Both methods pull the four corners of the bottom plate to keep the floor level when it rises.
  • the scheme of reducing the cost of the rope can be used, but at least a pair of sprocket wheels need to be symmetrically arranged to ensure that the sliding deviation is not generated during the moving up and down, and the weight and the bottom plate are not horizontal.
  • the bottom plate of the system may be separate from the container carried thereon, or it may be integral with the container to secure the sling directly to the bottom (as in Example 2).
  • the first switch can be, for example, a controllable two-way ratchet for setting the steering of the first shaft, and this component can be implemented by other existing techniques.
  • Schematic 1 1 is one of the schemes, wherein the control button (for the soft rubber button, the middle is hard plastic) is placed on the pedal of the first external force application system, so that the push lever (27) is pushed to the corresponding position. It can only be turned in one direction (indicated by the arrow in the figure) to control the bottom plate to rise or sink with the button.
  • Second counterweight system Second counterweight system:
  • Another system of the present invention comprises: a second rotating shaft (14) and a second fixed pulley (2); and a second weight member (10) located at one end of the second fixed pulley sling (1 1 )
  • the other end of the cable is a pendant 13) suspended by a perforation (25) through the first weight below the first weight member (1), which includes a clutch device coupled thereto when in contact with the first weight member (21); a second external force acting device that drives the second weight member to rise a certain height each time under the action of the second external force, comprising: a second pressure applying surface (20, which can be connected to the surface cover), and a lower portion thereof
  • the second pressing rod (19), the large one-way driving flywheel (17) coupled with the tooth, and the small driving wheel (16) which is coaxially connected with the large one-way driving flywheel (25), and the small driving wheel are fixed and fixed a driven gear (15) on the second rotating shaft, and a second directional switch (18, also a controllable two-way ratchet) that
  • the total weight of the counterweight is added to increase the heavier load.
  • the second counterweight component rises through the principle of a lever, enabling it to operate lightly with one hand and unknowingly accumulate energy.
  • the second weight is brought up to contact with the first weight member, it is connected to the first weight member through the clutch device, and together with the first weight member, the bottom plate is lifted by the first fixed pulley.
  • the shape and material selection are the same as the first weight.
  • a part of the labor-saving torque of the second external application device is realized between the wheel diameter ratio of the size driving wheel, and the other part of the labor-saving torque can be realized by adjusting the position of the pressure of the pressure bar (see FIG.
  • the second switch of the system is the same as the first switch, for example, the working principle of the bidirectional ratchet is the same as the first switch. Please refer to FIG. 6) for setting the steering of the second shaft. For example, when the second weight is up, the second shaft can only rotate counterclockwise (from right to left); when the trash can descends, the second shaft can only clockwise rotation.
  • the reason for controlling the system to turn the second switch on the driving wheel is that the direction of the two driving wheel shafts is just opposite to the direction on the second rotating shaft, and thus the direction in which the second switch needs to be toggled It is the same as the direction in which the control lever is engaged with the large drive flywheel, and it is convenient to set a linkage sleeve (28) for synchronous control.
  • a linkage sleeve (28) for synchronous control.
  • the large drive flywheel of the system is In working condition, it is in contact with the pressure bar.
  • the large drive flywheel follows, but since it is a flywheel (one-way ratchet), it slips when it is lifted, and does not work; when it is pressed, it drives the drive axle to rotate counterclockwise.
  • the second switch must be turned to the position that allows the drive axle to rotate counterclockwise.
  • the small drive wheel also rotates counterclockwise.
  • the small drive wheel drives the driven wheel and the second shaft to rotate clockwise.
  • the second weight goes up a distance. When the second weight is engaged with the first weight, the pressure rod can no longer be pressed down. At this time, the pressure rod needs to be pushed away from the large driving wheel, and the linkage sleeve (28) is dialed.
  • Figure 5 C is the detail design of the lower end of the pressure bar at the exit position of the pressure bar container, and the pressure bar card
  • the action of the groove (31) buckle inlet and outlet edges also pushes the linkage sleeve to place the second switch in place, simplifying the operation of raising the load after opening the face cover.
  • the clutch device of the second weight member functions to connect the second weight member to the second weight member when it is brought into contact with the first weight member, so that the gravity of the first weight member can be added to the second The counterweight components thus lift the heavier load.
  • the bottom of the first weight member is provided with a recess or projection (26) that can be engaged by the second weighting device.
  • the clutch device is designed to be in a disengaged state at the bottom of the container, so that when the bottom plate is pressed to the bottom, only the first weight is pulled; and when it leaves the bottom, the clutch device is in operation, so when it comes into contact with the first The groove or the projection (26) at the bottom of the counterweight can be engaged.
  • the clutch device can be implemented by a variety of solutions in the prior art.
  • Figure 7 is an exploded view of the clutch operating state (1-4);
  • Figure 8-9 shows two clutching schemes, both of which utilize the self-weight of the second counterweight to retract the pliers clamp or bolt when the clutch is at the bottom, and when it leaves the bottom It is working under the action of the spring.
  • the first external force application system :
  • a third system of the invention is such that when the contents to be lifted are heavy, the first and second total weights cannot pull up the load on the bottom plate, and provide additional force such as the force of the pedal to assist the rise;
  • the force application system may also be such that the second counterweight system fails, when the first counterweight is insufficient to pull up the floor load, or when the external force application system is selected as the sole lifting means for reducing the cost.
  • the system includes a first pressing surface (6), a first pressing rod (7) connected to the first pressing surface of the foot pedal, and a first one-way flying wheel (8) engaged with the first pressing rod, the first one-way flying wheel
  • the sleeve is sleeved on the first rotating shaft (3).
  • the first external force acts on the first one-way flywheel coaxial with the first fixed pulley through the toothed pressing rod under the foot pedal to drive the chain
  • the strip pulls the bottom plate up.
  • the pedal is not pulled up, the lower pressure bar is separated from the first one-way flywheel, so that it does not affect the pressing and lifting operation of the bottom plate; when the button is pressed (Fig.
  • the center is hard plastic)
  • the button is elastic rubber around
  • the pedal fixing bolt ( 36 ) is separated from the pedal ( 6 )
  • the front end of the pedal is pulled up, and the pedal is pulled by the tension spring in the device, so that the trailing edge of the pedal slides into the shaft slot ( 34 )
  • the pressure bar is simultaneously meshed with the one-way flywheel.
  • the first pressing rod slides with the first rotating shaft when it is ascending, and the first pressing rod drives the first rotating shaft to rotate counterclockwise (from right to left), thereby driving the first The fixed pulley rotates counterclockwise to make the bottom plate and the loader ascend.
  • the first external force acting device is used under the condition that the first switch (for the controllable two-way ratchet) is set to allow the first rotating shaft to rotate counterclockwise and cannot rotate clockwise, that is, it needs to be pressed before using the pedal.
  • the "rise” button (Fig. 10), so the bottom plate and the load on it will not fall back as the foot pedal is stepped up again and again.
  • the three-part device of the present invention can all be adopted as a complete and convenient solution, and can be freely combined or even used alone according to practical application and cost budget.
  • Some adjustments are needed when using a combination without a first counterweight system or a separate use scheme, such as when using a second counterweight system, some components originally combined with the first counterweight, such as the clutch device, on the first reel
  • the different supporting wheels that drive the bottom plate and the directional switch that controls the direction of the first rotating shaft are retained for use; when the first external force is applied to the system, some components originally combined with the first weight, the first rotating shaft and the upper rotating plate thereof are driven
  • the different supporting wheels that are raised and the directional switches that control the direction of the first rotating shaft must be retained before use, that is, the first counterweight system can only be used without using the first counterweight system. Selecting or not using a system will make the solution have different functions.
  • the load will be applied to the bottom plate and will sink directly to the bottom of the device without pressing down; the theoretical weight of the second counterweight system can be matched, and then the design of the torque is realized.
  • the capacity of multiple actions is used to pull up the load; the first external force application system can also realize the lifting of different loads through the configuration of the torque; and the scheme of using the first weight system alone, coupled with the load and the load.
  • the positive and negative difference of the counterweight is less than the lifting and lowering force of the person, which makes the solution usable, that is, the maximum pressure or lifting force that can be applied by the human body, combined with the auxiliary force given by the counterweight, can be applied in the application.
  • the load is pressed into or raised on the ground.
  • the lifting device of the present invention is placed in a two-layer casing (to be made of hard plastic in consideration of corrosion prevention and cost), and includes an outer casing (in contact with underground soil) and an inner casing for raising or lowering the bottom plate or the container therein, and two
  • the housing itself is also a support for the various devices of the present invention.
  • the load-bearing structure can be configured on the bottom plate according to various usage requirements, such as cabinets or shelves for collecting sundries and tools, containers for holding solid or liquid, and trash cans.
  • the wheeled telescopic trash can of one of the important applications (ie, its original application concept) included in the present invention the trash can is connected by two barrels of substantially equal height, the upper barrel (40) is wide, and the lower barrel (41) narrow.
  • Figure 12 shows the front, back, side and contraction of the telescopic trash can.
  • you need to extend the trash can lift the two sides of the trash can with both hands and lift it slightly.
  • the purpose of this setting is due to the fact that the amount of garbage dumping is increased with the increase of the number of days of use, so that it can be used with the amount of garbage to retract the barrel, and the trash can can be completely hidden or partially hidden in the ground, thereby achieving beautification.
  • the function of the capacity but can reduce the depth of excavation of the trash can lifting device. More specifically, after each garbage collection, the user closes the garbage bin and buryes it in a lifting device that is only half the height of the ordinary garbage bin. After that, he pulls up the surface of the device and throws garbage every day.
  • the cover and the trash can cover are buckled ( 46 ) and can be pulled up at the same time.
  • the top cover of the trash can is designed with the standard size of the wheeled trash can at the leading edge, but the upper cover should be as thin as possible, so that the ground part of the lifting device is not recessed too much, and the corresponding double waterproof structure is easy to be arranged;
  • the design of the lid is designed to break the image of the traditional trash can in order to meet the functional requirements;
  • the design of the lid hinge (43, Fig. 13) must be designed to be waterproof and the need to turn over 270° after the lid, and the grip for pushing and pulling ( 48) needs. Please refer to the more detailed explanation in Embodiment 1 of the specific embodiment.
  • Figure 1 is a structural isometric view of the device
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the device
  • FIG. 5 D Decomposition diagram of the second counterweight system (viewed from right to left), wherein the second fixed pulley (12) and the second sling (1 1 ) and the second counterweight (10) and pendant thereon (13) is connected by a second rotating shaft, indicated by a broken line,
  • A-C is the linkage diagram of the second external force application system and the second switch direction (from left to right): A (A1) working state. (29 is the sliding groove of the linkage sleeve 28),
  • Figure 7 shows the second counterweight and clutch working principle and state analysis diagram (1-4), in which Figure 7-1 shows that when the second counterweight is at the bottom of the container, the clutch is in the non-operating state; Figure 7-2 shows the bottom plate to At the bottom, only the first weight is pulled up to the top; Figure 7-3 shows that when the second weight is pulled up, the clutch spring is tightened and in working condition; Figure 7-4 shows the second weight is raised to The highest contact with the first counterweight bottom plate, the clutch is engaged;
  • Figure 8 shows the scissors clutch
  • Figure 9 shows the embossed clutch
  • FIG 10 Schematic diagram of external application (foot pedal) design, in which (8) is a one-way ratchet, clockwise slip, and counterclockwise to drive the first shaft to lift the load.
  • H foot pedal working state repeated foot pedal pressing, can assist the bottom plate to rise, I pedal front end fixed plug structure is shown: button 35 is pressed in and the sling 36 is retracted, the pedal can be lifted; 39 is a spring;
  • Figure 1 1 The working principle of the first steering ratchet switch and the design of the button configuration, wherein the direction of the arrow on the second shaft represents the rotatable direction.
  • FIG 12 Appearance of the telescopic trash can: L Front M side N Rear view P Retracted front; Figure 13 Telescopic trash can lid hinge and gripper design;
  • Figure 14 shows the elastic buckle on the body of the telescopic trash can, in which two elastic buckles are placed diagonally;
  • Figure 15 The design of the rubber ring of the upper and lower buckets of the telescopic trash can;
  • Figure 16 shows the design of the button that connects the device cover to the lid of the trash can.
  • the present embodiment provides a lifting device for a resident to collect a standard wheeled trash can, or a telescopic wheeled garbage can provided by the present invention, into the ground, thereby realizing the purpose of beautifying the use space of the Chenghuang Street.
  • the lifting device uses a combination of the above three systems.
  • the first counterweight is 30kg cast iron, which takes into account the pressure of more than 20 kilograms that ordinary people can easily apply. Plus 10 kilograms of trash can and bottom plate can easily push the trash can into the ground.
  • the second counterweight uses 25kg of cast iron. It is considered that the total weight of 55kg can meet the increase of the total amount of garbage per week for the residents of each city.
  • the design of the foot pedal also takes into account the linkage operation to simplify the use.
  • the pedal When the pedal is laid flat, it needs to be pulled back and pressed down to the groove with the button under the front edge of the pedal.
  • the position of the pedal is separated from the passive flywheel on the first shaft.
  • the 'down' soft button on the pedal to push the directional switch to push the bottom plate away, no need to consider separating the pressure rod from the passive flywheel. (Otherwise, pressing the trash can will hit the pedal and be buckled to make the trash can not be pressed), reducing the complexity of the operation.
  • Putting the 'up' and 'down' buttons on the pedals simplifies the design and also makes it easier to waterproof.
  • This embodiment can be applied to a general standard wheeled trash can, or a telescopic trash can provided by the present invention.
  • the sunken trash can device can adopt any one or two combinations of three systems to meet the user's requirements for different usage habits and different payment capabilities. They are described as follows (this is also a general description of the different configuration schemes of the various systems of the present invention):
  • the simplest and lowest cost is to use only the first counterweight system. Based on the weight of 30kg plus the 20-30kg downforce and lifting force that ordinary people can apply, such a system can also cope with the weekly garbage usage increase of each household in the general city, because the amount of garbage in the ordinary week The total load is about 30kg. If it is less than 30kg, the trash can itself can be automatically raised to the ground; even in the case of a heavy weight of 50kg, ordinary people can offset the weight by 30kg and then use 20kg to remove the garbage. Come up. This is therefore a cheaper but feasible solution.
  • This application example can be used for a variety of household debris storage. Since there is no regular opening action, the second counterweight can be used without the second counterweight.
  • the weight can be estimated based on the weight of the objects that may be stored. Consider the difference between the pressing force and the lifting force, for example, 20kg, that is, the nominal minimum and maximum bearing capacity difference is 40kg. For home gardening tools, DIY tool storage cabinets may be heavy. You can choose a nominal load of 80-100kg (total weight of the bottom of the container), and choose the intermediate value of 100kg as the configuration, so that ordinary people only need to apply 20kg of downforce or Lifting power is easy to operate.
  • the solution does not need to pull the container away from the device, we will make the bottom plate into a cabinet and fix it on the device, and configure the corresponding grid for storing items; the top does not need to be additionally covered, and the top structure is directly waterproofed. Design is all right. Please refer to the attached picture? ? . If it is a light-weight item, such as a sinking net purchase container, or a sinking storage (such as clothing debris) on the ground floor, a 20kg counterweight may be sufficient. It is very easy and flexible to use the first counterweight system to undertake such an application (Fig. 17)b
  • the lever arm needs to be used as a separate operation for the second counterweight lifting
  • the different combinations of the external force application systems the cost is slightly higher, but for the carrier Heavier applications will not require too much effort when upgrading, and the ease of use will increase accordingly.
  • the present invention has been described above in terms of several preferred embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any improvement in the art, that is, equivalent modifications in accordance with the present invention, should be encompassed by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

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Abstract

公开了一种升降装置及配合其使用的伸缩容器。该升降装置包括：第一转轴系统，其包括第一转轴（3）、第一配重部件（1）、底板（5），其中第一转轴（3）上设有用于设定第一转轴（3）转向的第一转向开关（9）和第一定滑轮（2a-2f）；第二转轴系统，其包括第二转轴（14）、第二配重部件（10）及其上的离合装置（21），和第二外力施加装置，其中第二转轴（14）上设有第二定滑轮（12）、吊索（11）一端的第二配重部件（10）和另一端的坠子（13），第二外力施加装置包括第二转轴（14）上的从动齿轮（15）、小驱动轮（16）、大单向驱动飞轮（17），及大小驱动轮轴上的第二转向开关（18）；第一转轴（3）上的第一外力施加系统，其包括与第一转轴（3）套接的单向飞轮（8）、压杆（7）及其上的第一按压面（6）。通过使用该升降装置，能够简单方便地将下沉式储物容器从地下升至地面。

Description

一种升降装置及应用于该升降装置的容器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种升降装置及特别设计容器（伸縮垃圾桶）b 背景技术
由于城巿的发展，城巿住宅内外的可使用空间越来越少，导致生活空间减少和 视觉环境变差。 而社会的进步及人类在提高效率和环保意识渐强的背景下，带轮垃 圾桶在很多国家越来越流行。但每家每户前的一个或几个庞大的垃圾桶在拥挤的城 巿街道上也产生严重的视觉污染。 目前已有的技术虽然有不少涉及埋地式垃圾桶， 但还没有一个能比较有效地解决这问题并同时提供一个比较经济实用 ，使用便捷的 方案。
中国专利 200620097663.0公开了一种液压地埋式垃圾箱。 由垃圾箱体、 连杆 机构、 液压系统、 电气控制系统及地下坑槽组成。 在垃圾箱体的侧板的前部固定铰 接有箱门锁紧油缸和箱门开闭油缸，垃圾箱体的后部固定铰接有推板油缸，顶板的 垃圾入口处装有光电传感器，光电传感器与电气控制系统中的 PLC联接。 连杆在坑 槽底部的一边固定铰接， 连杆和升降油缸的一端分别与下水平移动槽中的移动块铰 接，升降油缸的另一端铰接在连杆上，连杆的上端与上水平移动槽中的移动块铰接， 连杆的上端固定铰接在垃圾箱体的侧板的前上部。
中国专利申请 200410046941.5公开了一种由垃圾箱、 油缸、 绳子、 滑轮组和 配重组成的负重式地下垃圾站，油缸安在垃圾箱下面，绳子一端与垃圾箱相联，另 一端与配重相联， 中间绕在滑轮上，滑轮组安在地面上。
中国专利 02274879.2公开了一种可升降地下垃圾箱，垃圾箱框架顶有翻板式 垃圾入口 ，垃圾箱框架内有一隔板，在隔板上有抽屉式无底垃圾箱，该垃圾箱的后 面有一推板，推板的后面有四连杆连接，四连杆的另两端分别固定在框架上和液压 缸的活塞上，垃圾箱框架下还有可容纳该框架的地下池，当垃圾箱框架落入地下池 里时，垃圾箱框架顶与地面水平，在地下池的底部装有液压升降系统，控制着垃圾 箱框架的升降。
中国专利 200920008428.5公开了一种集盛装垃圾、 入口自动开合、 地下设置 为一体的环保型地下垃圾桶。 其由桶盖与外桶顶部一端活动连接，外桶顶部内侧设 置一根升降直杆并活动连接，控制桶盖的开合。 使用时只需用脚踩踏板，桶盖会自 动开合。
上述埋入地下的垃圾桶比较多的是为了解决公共地方的隐藏垃圾桶方案，因此 通常是配合油压电力、 垃圾车上的动力或人力来提升垃圾桶；有些仅仅是专注于桶 盖的开合设计，有些则有很大一部分构件在地面，因而都不是节省空间、 方便实用 和可以普及的方案。 发明内容
针对现有技术的缺点，本发明利用人体工程学的一些原理如：一般人提起 30kg 的重物比较吃力 ，而利用自己的体重用双手可轻易下压出 20、 30kg以上的力 ；单 手也可毫不费力地压出 8、 10kg的力 ；用脚更是可以很容易踩出几十公斤甚至自身 体重的力 ，这样一些原理，结合配重减轻提升力的原理巧妙地设计出能通过一定数 量的小动作把提拉垃圾桶所需的能量积蓄起来的机械装置，从而提供一套比较完整 的可以广泛应用于下沉式储物容器的解决方案，实现不需能源动力便能把下沉的储 物容器从地下升至地面的便捷易用的目的。 而当应用于垃圾桶时，本发明更特别为 其设计了伸縮垃圾桶装置。 该伸縮装置设计缘于垃圾桶垃圾囤积量是随使用天数增 加而增加的特性，使其能配合垃圾量来伸縮桶体，并能使垃圾桶能全部隐藏或半隐 藏在地下，从而达到既美化巿容的功用 ，又能减少垃圾桶升降装置的挖土深度的目 的。
进一步地，本发明可用于增加家居的储存空间、 解决前后院杂物收藏、狭窄的 城巿住宅前院的网购自动接收箱的设置、 美化家居等方面。 有鉴于此，本说明都把 底板上的垃圾桶统称为荷载、 承载物或容纳物，正是希望这发明能应用在广泛的家 居储存需求上。
为了实现上述目的 ，本发明提供了一种升降装置，其包括：
第一转轴，其上设有用于设定第一转轴转向的第一开关，以及第一定滑轮； 第一配重部件，其位于第一定滑轮吊索的一端；
位于第一定滑轮吊索的另一端、 且与第一配重部件同步且反向运动的底板。 根据本发明一具体实施方式，其还包括：
第二转轴，以及其上的同步转动第二定滑轮；
第二配重部件，其位于所述第二定滑轮吊索的一端，且通过穿过第一配重上两 穿孔而悬吊于所述第一配重部件的正下方；其包括与所述第一配重部件接触时与其 结合的离合装置；
在第二外力作用下带动所述第二配重部件每次上升一定高度的第二外力作用 装置。 此装置包括第二转轴上的从动齿轮，与其齿合的小驱动轮，与小驱动轮同轴 套接的大单向驱动飞轮，与大单向驱动飞轮齿合的压杆和其上的第二按压面；大小 驱动轮轴上还有设定转向的第二开关；
根据本发明另一具体实施方式，第一定滑轮为 1对链轮加另一组链轮或另一组 绳轮组成，使其保持四边平衡升降；第二定滑轮为一对链轮，以保持第二配重升降 平衡和与第一配重平行接触。 根据本发明另一具体实施方式，离合装置升降装置底部时为分离状态；离开底 部上升时其处于可咬合状态；当上升到碰触第一配重底部时便咬合而使第一配重的 重量加到第二配重上。 其中 ，所述第一配重部件的底部设有能被所述离合装置的两 个支脚前端咬合的凹槽或凸块；处于第二配重内的可扣合装置为弹簧装置。
根据本发明另一具体实施方式，还包括第一外力作用装置，该第一外力作用装 置包括第一按压面、 与第一按压面连接的第一压杆、 与第一压杆啮合的第一单向飞 轮，第一单向飞轮套接于第一转轴上。
根据本发明另一具体实施方式，还包括壳体，该壳体包括埋于地下并与地下泥 土接触的外壳体，以及内壳体。
另一方面，本发明提供了容纳于上述的升降装置之内的升降容器。
进一步地，该升降容器为带轮子的垃圾桶。
具体地，垃圾桶可为供标准垃圾车提翻的标准带轮垃圾桶。
具体地，垃圾桶为可伸縮垃圾桶，其伸长时为标准高度的带轮垃圾桶，收縮时 只有标准高度的一半。 本发明的升降装置归纳为 3个互相关联但也可以单独使用或灵活组合配置等系 统组成，分述如下：
第一配重系统：
(请参照示意图 1。 由于此图为轴测图 ，有些地方前后位置重叠示意不清，请 参照平面剖面示意图 2、 图 3、 图 4 )
本系统是为了利用一般人体能用双手轻易施加 20-30kg下压力的特点，通过该 系统积储一定提升荷重的能量；而由于此系统是直接系于底板，因而是整个系统的 基本骨架（如下面提到的选用其它系统而不采用本系统时，此基本构架需保留以供 其它系统接合，或施加作用力来升降底板 )6
其包括第一转轴 (3)、 第一配重部件 (1 )、 底板 (5)；其中 ，第一转轴上设有用于 设定第一转轴转向的第一开关 (9) ,以及第一定滑轮 (2a-2f)；第一配重部件位于第一 定滑轮吊索（ 4 )的一端；底板位于第一定滑轮吊索的另一端、 且与第一配重部件 同步且反向运动。
第一配重部件为一定形状的重量块，考虑到实际应用中的挖土方量，应选用比 重尽量大但造价适中的材料如铸铁或铅，并做成长方体的形状以节省空间 ，其作用 是通过第一定滑轮抵消部分或全部荷重，即第一配重部件在重力作用下下行的过程 中 ，底板同时上行。 其重量的选用时一般需考虑普通人下压 20-30kg左右比较轻松 的操作。 当然对于其它一些特别应用也可以考虑整个人的重量的 50-70kg数值，也 是可行的。 另外考虑的是使用时是否有原重量，如用途的是存放 30kg的工具的 ， 30+20=50kg的配重可用 ，但如果像垃圾桶这种用途的装置，每星期需要把自重很 轻的空桶压到地下， 50kg的配重就比较吃力。 更多的例子请参看实用例子。
该系统中 ，第一定滑轮有两种做法： 1、 为一对链轮（ 2a、 2b )配合另一组链 轮 (2c、 2d、 2e、 2f)； 2、 一对链轮（ 2a、 2b )配合另一对绳轮 (2c、 2d、 2e、 2f)。 两种做法均提拉底板四角 ，使底板上升时保持水平。 实施中为减少成本可用绳轮的 方案，但至少需要用一对链轮左右对称地设置，才能保证上下走动过程中不会产生 滑动的偏差而使配重和底板不水平。
根据使用要求，该系统的底板与其上承载的容器可为分离的 ，也可与容器做成 一整体，把吊索直接固定在底部 (如实施例 2)。
该系统中 ，第一开关可为 ，例如可控双向棘轮，用于设定第一转轴的转向 ，此 部件可用现有其它技术实现。 示意图 1 1 ,为其中一种方案，其控制按键（为软橡皮 按键， 中间为硬塑）设置于第一外力施加系统的脚踏板上，使其推动拨动杆（ 27 ) 至相应位置导致其只能往一个方向转（图中箭头所示），以实现用按键控制底板可 上升或下沉状态。 第二配重系统：
本发明另一系统，其包括：第二转轴 (14) ,以及第二定滑轮 (2 ) ;第二配重部 件 (10 ) ,其位于第二定滑轮吊索 (1 1 )的一端（吊索另一端为坠子 13 ) ,通过穿过第 一配重上的穿孔 (25 )悬吊于第一配重部件 (1 )的下方，其包括与第一配重部件接触 时与其结合的离合装置 (21 )；在第二外力作用下带动第二配重部件每次上升一定高 度的第二外力作用装置，其包括：第二施压面（ 20，可与面盖相连），其下的第二压 杆 (19) ,与其齿合的大单向驱动飞轮 (17) ,与大单向驱动飞轮同轴（ 25 )套接的小 驱动轮 (16) ,与小驱动轮齿合的、 固定在第二转轴上的从动齿轮 (15) ,及跟大小驱 动轮同轴的、 设定第二配重系统转向的第二定向开关（ 18 ,也为可控双向棘轮）b 该系统是为了补充配重的总重量，使其能提升较重的荷重。第二配重部件上升 是通过杠杆的原理，使其能单手作轻便的操作而在不知不觉中积储能量。 当第二配 重上行至与第一配重部件接触后，通过离合装置与第一配重部件连接，并与第一配 重部件一起通过第一定滑轮提升底板。 其形状和材料的选用跟第一配重同理。 第二 外来施加装置的一部分省力力矩是在大小驱动轮的轮径比之间实现，另一部分的省 力力矩可通过调节压杆的压力的位置来实现（参见图 5D )b 根据杠杆原理，总的省 力跟上升的距离是成反比的 ，就是说越要省力 ，上升的距离越短，提升需要施压的 次数越多。 由于第二配重部件是根据实际容纳物可能的重量等而定的 ，因此，大小 驱动轮轮径比、 压杆上杠杆力矩比和提升总高所需的假设施压次数等需要综合来计 算决定。 该系统的第二开关和第一开关一样，例如均为双向棘 工作原理同第一开关， 请参照图 6 ) ,用于设定第二转轴的转向 ，例如第二配重上行时，第二转轴只能逆时 针旋转（从右往左看）；垃圾桶下行时，第二转轴只能顺时针旋转。
控制该系统转向第二开关设在驱动轮上（而不设在第二转轴上）的原因是两驱 动轮轴转的方向刚好跟第二转轴上的方向相反，因而第二开关需拨动的方向与控制 压杆与大驱动飞轮离合的方向相同 ，便于设置一联动套筒（ 28 )同步控制。 请参考 示意图 5Α和 Β (注： 因第二转向开关在大驱动飞轮后面，为示意清晰，图 5 A-C 为左向右看，各轮的转向示意需相应改变。）该系统的大驱动飞轮在工作状态时， 是跟压杆接触的。 就是说压杆提起和下压时该大驱动飞轮都跟着转，但由于其是飞 轮（单向棘轮），提起时跟中轴部分打滑，不起作用 ；下压时则驱使驱动轮轴逆时 针转（从左向右看，此时第二开关必须拨到允许驱动轮轴逆时针转的位置 带着 小驱动轮也逆时针转，小驱动轮则带动从动轮和第二转轴顺时针转，从而带着第二 配重往上走一段距离。 当第二配重与第一配重接合后压杆不能再下压，此时需把压 杆推离大驱动轮，而联动套筒 (28)拨动第二开关至顺时针转的位置，使需要提升荷 重时不再用拨动此开关以简化操作。图 5 C是压杆下端扣在压杆容器面出口位置的 细部设计，而压杆卡槽（ 31 )扣进出口边缘的动作也会推动联动套筒使第二开关处 在适当位置，简化打开面盖后升起荷载的操作。
该系统中 ，第二配重部件的离合装置的作用是当第二配重部件拉升至与第一配 重部件接触时，与其连接，以使第一配重部件的重力能加到第二配重部件从而能提 升更重的承载物。 第一配重部件的底部设有能被第二配重上装置咬合的凹槽或凸块 (26) 。离合装置设计要求为在容器底部时离合器处于分离状态，这样当要把底板压 至底部时，只拉起第一配重；而其离开底部时，离合装置处于工作状态，因而当接 触到第一配重底部的凹槽或凸块 (26)时便可扣合。 离合装置可通过现有技术的多种 方案实现。图 7为离合器工作状态分解图（ 1 -4 )；示意图 8-9为两种离合装置方案， 均利用第二配重的自重使离合器在底部时钳子夹具或栓子縮进去，离开底部时其在 弹簧的作用下处于工作状态。 第一外力施加系统：
参看图 10-1 1。
本发明的第三个系统。此外力施加系统是当需要提升的容纳物很重，第一和第 二的总配重不能拉起底板上的荷载时，提供额外的力例如脚踏的力辅助其上升之 用 ；需要用此外力施加系统的情形还可以是：第二配重系统出现故障，光凭第一配 重不足以拉起底板荷重时，或当为减低成本选用外力施加系统为唯一提升手段时。
此系统包括第一按压面（ 6 ,脚踏板 与第一按压面下连接的第一压杆 (7)、 与第一压杆啮合的第一单向飞轮 (8) ,第一单向飞轮套接于第一转轴上 (3)。 此第一 外力通过脚踏板下的带齿压杆作用于跟第一定滑轮同轴的第一单向飞轮而带动链 条把底板拉起。当脚踏板没拉起时，下面的压杆与第一单向飞轮为分离状态，使其不 影响对底板的下压和提升操作；当按动按钮 (图 10的 35 ,中心为硬塑，周边为弹性 橡皮的按钮），使踏板固定栓（ 36 )与踏板（ 6 )分离，然后拉起踏板前端，踏板被 装置里的拉力弹簧拉动 ，使脚踏后缘滑进转轴槽（ 34 ) ,压杆同时跟单向飞轮齿合。 跟上述第二配重外力施加系统同理，第一压杆上行时与第一转轴打滑，而第一压杆 下行时驱使第一转轴逆时针旋转（从右往左看），进而带动第一定滑轮逆时针旋转， 使底板及承载物上行。 另外需要注意的是，第一外力作用装置的使用条件是第一开 关（为可控双向棘轮）设定为允许第一转轴可逆时针旋转而不能顺时针转，即使用 脚踏之前需要按其上的" 上升" 按键（图 10 ) ,因此底板及其上荷载随着脚踏的一 次次用力分段上升而不会倒退回去。 本发明的三部分装置可全部采用成为一套完整便捷的解决方案，也可以按实际 应用和成本预算要求自由组合选用甚至单独使用。
使用没有第一配重系统的组合或单独使用方案时需作一些相应的调整，如：采 用第二配重系统时，原来与第一配重结合的一些构件，如离合装置、 第一转轴上带 动底板上升的不同配套轮子和其控制第一转轴方向的定向开关都得保留才能使用 ； 使用第一外力施加系统时，原来与第一配重结合的一些构件，第一转轴及其上带动 底板上升的不同配套轮子和其控制第一转轴方向的定向开关都得保留才能使用 ，即 不使用第一配重系统其实只能不用第一配重部件。 而选用或不选用一个系统，会使 方案具备了其不同的功用。 如：不采用第一配重系统，把荷重加到底板上就会直接 沉到装置底部而不需下压；采用第二配重系统理论上多大的荷重都可以配，然后通 过力矩的设计实现多次动作的能力积储来把荷重拉起；采用第一外力施加系统也是 可通过力矩的配置来实现对不同荷重的提升；而单独采用第一配重系统的方案，配 上跟使用荷重与配重的正负差少于人的提拉和下压最大力便使方案具有可用性，即 人用可施加的最大压力或提升力 ，结合配重所给的辅助力 ，就可把应用中的荷重压 进或提出地面。组合后其功用及特性就叠加了 ，请参看实用例 1的各配置特性描述。 本发明的升降装置置于两层壳体内（考虑到防腐和成本，拟用硬塑做），其中 包括外壳体（与地下泥土接触）和内壳体，供底板或容器在其中升降，而两壳体本 身也是本发明各装置的支撑。 底板上可按各种使用要求来配置承载架构，如收藏杂 物和工具的柜子或架子、 承装固体或液体的容器和垃圾桶。 本发明包括的重要应用之一（即其原始应用构想）的带轮子伸縮垃圾桶： 此垃圾桶为两截大致等高的桶体连接而成，上桶 (40)宽，下桶 (41)窄。 图 12 为伸縮垃圾桶的正、背、侧面和收縮后的外观图。伸长时为标准高度的带轮垃圾桶， 供标准垃圾车提翻；下部两轮子 (45)的宽度要收进下截桶身内 ，使收縮时上截下走 时不会被轮子顶住。 需要伸长垃圾桶时，两手提起垃圾桶的两边稍用力上提，上下 桶的接触边缘的橡皮圈 (47)会逼紧 (参看图 15) ,然后把接触边缘上对角的松紧扣扳 子 (44)扳过来便可把上下桶扣紧（图 14 收縮时的操作相反。
该设置的目的缘于垃圾桶垃圾囤积量是随使用天数增加而增加的特性，使其能 配合垃圾量来伸縮桶体，并能使垃圾桶能全部隐藏或半隐藏在地下，从而达到美化 巿容的功用 ，但又能减少垃圾桶升降装置的挖土深度。 更具体地说，就是每次收完 垃圾之后，使用者把垃圾桶收矮，压到深度只有普通垃圾桶高度一半的升降装置里 全埋起来，之后每天就拉起装置的面盖扔垃圾（面盖与垃圾桶盖有扣子（ 46 )扣住 可同时拉起，请参看示意图 16 并通过压关面盖的动作积储的第二配重的势能（注 意由于高度减半 ，需要压盖的次数也减半了 ）；当垃圾桶不够容量时，首先要留意 看第二配重跟第一配重是否扣合了 ，如果还没有，需把面盖压多几下让其扣合，把 面盖扣着垃圾桶盖的扣子分离，压杆推离驱动轮（联动套筒也把第二配重设于可下 走的状态），并拉起面盖成垂直状态，然后拉伸垃圾桶 ，这样容量就加倍了。 等到 下一次收垃圾时，按动控制第一转轴上的转向开关，垃圾桶便自动升上地面。 收完 垃圾后重复上面的操作周期。
垃圾桶的顶盖设计其前缘采用标准的带轮垃圾桶的尺寸 ，但上面盖子需尽量 薄，以利于升降装置地面部分凹进去不会太深，而容易配置相应的二重防水构造； 而桶盖设计上，在满足功能要求外，试图打破传统垃圾筒的形象；盖子铰链（ 43 , 图 13 )位置的设计须考虑防水及桶盖后翻 270°的需要，以及推拉用的抓手（ 48 ) 的需要。 请参看具体实施方式实施例 1中的更详细解释。 附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
图 1 装置的结构轴测图 ；
图 2 装置平面示意图 ；
图 3 剖面 A-A；
图 4 剖面 B-B；
图 5 D - 第二配重系统分解简图（从右往左看），其中第二定滑轮（ 12 ) 和第二吊索（ 1 1 )以及其上的第二配重（ 10 )和坠子（ 13 )是通过第 二转轴连在一起，用虚线表示，
A-C 为第二外力施加系统及第二开关方向联动示意图（从左往右看）： A ( A1 )工作状态。（ 29为联动套筒 28的滑动槽），
B - 分离状态，
C ( C1 )压杆卡在缘口的操作（面盖成 90°时）， 其中第二转轴（ 25 )上的箭头表示棘轮允许转动的方向 ；
图 6 第二开关工作原理（ E1为拨动条在左边时轮子和轴可顺时针转，不允 许逆向转； E2情况相反）；
图 7 第二配重及离合器工作原理和状态分析图（ 1-4 ) ,其中图 7-1表示当第 二配重在容器底部时，离合器处于非工作状态；图 7-2 表示压底板至 底部时，只有第一配重单独拉起至顶部；图 7-3 表示第二配重被拉起 时，离合器的弹簧被拉紧而处于工作状态；图 7-4 表示第二配重升至 最高跟第一配重底板接触，离合器扣合；
图 8 剪刀式离合器示意；
图 9 栓子式离合器示意；
图 10 外来施加（脚踏板）设计示意图 ，其中（ 8 )为单向棘轮，顺时针打滑， 逆时针带动第一转轴提升荷重，
F 踏板平放时状态：前端固定栓子（ 26 )扣住，压杆（ 7 )与从动轮 ( 8 )分离，
G 提起踏板的操作：按脚踏板前缘分离键（ 35 )便可提起，
H 脚踏板工作状态：重复脚踏的按压，可辅助底板升起， I 踏板前端固定栓子的构造示意：按钮 35按进去后栓子 36縮进，踏 板便可上提； 39为弹簧；
图 1 1 第一转向棘轮开关工作原理及按键配置设计示意，其中第二转轴上的 箭头方向代表可转动方向 ，
J 按' 下降' 键后，棘轮拨动条推至左边，第一转轴可顺时针转 --可 把底板压到底部；
K 按' 上升' 键后，拨动条至右边，第一转轴可逆时针转 --底板可上 升；
图 12 伸縮垃圾桶外观图 ： L 正面 M 侧面 N 后视 P收縮后的正面； 图 13 伸縮垃圾桶盖铰链及抓手设计；
图 14 伸縮垃圾桶身上的松紧扣示意，其中松紧扣有两个，对角放置； 图 15 伸縮垃圾桶上下桶提接壤的橡皮牙圈设计示意；
图 16 装置面盖与垃圾桶盖子连接的扣子设计示意。
具体实施方式
实施例 1
如图所示，本实施例提供了一种升降装置供居民把标准的带轮垃圾桶，或本发 明提供的伸縮式带轮垃圾桶收藏进地面，实现美化城巿街道增加使用空间的目的。 升降装置使用上述的 3个系统的综合应用。 其中第一配重为 30kg铸铁件，是 考虑到普通人能轻易施加的 20多公斤压力 ，加上 10来公斤的垃圾桶及底板等自重 可把垃圾桶轻易压进地下。第二配重采用 25kg铸铁件，是考虑总配重为 55kg可满 足一般每家城巿居民每星期的垃圾总量的提升需要。外力施加系统的配置是为了偶 尔垃圾重量超出总配重 55kg所能启动其上升的限度时使用 ，如垃圾总负荷为 60kg (包括底板垃圾桶自重等）时，负荷和配重差是 60-55kg=5kg ,通过脚踏加到第一 配重系统链条上的力超过 5kg便可把垃圾桶提升。
所有前述的各系统的配置、 配件都适用。 另外更详细的设置说明如下： 使用时如前述，当拿回空垃圾桶时，需要按动脚踏板上的' 下降' 按键再把空 桶压到装置底部；同时需要设置桶盖压杆（往后拉）使其处于工作状态及扣合装置 面盖和垃圾桶盖（ 46)。 然后每天的使用 ，扔垃圾开合盖子的动作就在积储第二配 重的能量。
值得注意的是，当提升垃圾桶时，需要先打开面盖至约 90度位置，此时，如 果第二配重部件尚未上升至最高位与第一配重部件接合时，这时需要多开合面盖几 次让其上升至最高位与第一配重部件结合。 如果不这样做，而直接往里推动压杆会 使联动套筒 28拨动第二开关，使第二配重部件沉到装置底部，从而也使该次操作 周期的第二配重失去功效。
当需要提升垃圾桶时，把面盖和里面垃圾桶盖的扣子脱离，把面盖翻起至约 90°位置，把压杆端头卡在压杆出口位置，然后按右边脚踏板上' 上升' 的软胶按 键，其按键下的第一定向开关拨条被推至上升状态，这时，如果总配重能拉起总荷 重，垃圾桶就缓缓升出地面。不然，拉起脚踏板借助一点外力也可把垃圾桶升上来。
脚踏板的设计也考虑了联动的操作以简化使用。平常踏板平放时，需往后拉和 下压至脚踏前缘下有扣子的槽里，这时的位置使脚踏下的压杆与第一转轴上的被动 飞轮分离。 这样在需要把垃圾桶压进地下时，按了脚踏板上的' 下降' 软胶按键把 定向开关拨动条推至可让底板下走时，不用再考虑把压杆拉开跟被动飞轮分离（不 然，下压垃圾桶会把脚踏打起和被其扣住使垃圾桶压不下去），减少操作复杂性。 把' 上升' 和' 下降' 的按键放在脚踏板上一是简化设计，也为了方便防水设计。
此实施例子可用一般标准的带轮垃圾桶，也可用本发明提供的伸縮垃圾桶。。 请参照第二配重系统的第二外力施加系统的说明 ，和图 5 D的标注，我们在这给定 几个假定尺寸来估算力矩及工作效果：
用 0代表直径，假设 0 15= 012 , 0 12与 015的外缘线向力相等；设 0 17与 0 16 轮径为 130mm与 38mm，轮径比则为 ：
017/016 = 130mm/38mm = 3.4/1
力臂 Li/I_2 = 900mm/760mm = 1.184/1
两力矩比例叠加为 ： 3.4 X 1.184 = 4.0 即 Pi的压力为第二配重的 1/4 , 即 25kg x 1/4 = 6.25kg； 因上升的距离和省力成反比，即第二配重上升的高度是 Pi的下压长度的 1/4 , 假设每次拉起 600mm高度，则第二配重升起 150mm的高度， 7天的升起高度为 7x150=1050mm，大概是我们用标准垃圾桶需要的升降设备高度，实际使用的开盖 次数和高度会有不同 ，但这样的配置大概符合我们一个星期的不知不觉使用操作把 第二配重的能量积储的要求，加上第一配重，就能满足我们每个星期提升垃圾桶的 需要；使用伸縮垃圾桶时，配重和所有的配件都是一样的 ，但其升降装置的深度约 只有一半，第二配重的升起高度也减一半，意味着使第二配重升至最高位置的下压 次数也减半，就是说基本上不用另外多加开合动作就可在伸长垃圾桶之前（之后不 能再压面盖）让两配重接合。 本实施例子的 3种系统一起用是一种最理想的配置，也是提供了一种能处理最 大荷载的垃圾量的方案，因此可以把这种配置用在更大更重的例如商业垃圾桶或承 载特别重如花园承载雨水或肥料的容器等的应用上。 在具体应用中 ，此下沉式垃圾 桶装置可采用 3个系统的任何一个或两个的组合来满足使用者对不同使用习惯与不 同支付能力的要求。 分别描述如下（这也是本发明的各系统不同配置方案的一般特 性描述）：
1、 最简单的也是成本最低的 ，就是只用第一配重系统。 按 30kg的配重加 上普通人能施加的 20-30kg 的下压和提升力来估算，这样的系统也能 应付一般城巿居民每户每周的垃圾用量提升需要，因为普通一周的垃圾 量总荷重约 30kg ,如果少于 30kg ,垃圾桶本身就可自动升上地面；即 便是 50kg的比较重的情形，普通人也能在 30kg配重抵消一部分重量 后，用 20kg的力便可把垃圾提上来。因而这是比较便宜但可行的方案。
2、 用第一和第二配重系统结合使用。 这种情况因总重量是 55kg加普通人 的 20-30kg提拉力 ，即可提升 75-85kg的垃圾荷重，在很多地方政府 有规定不允许居民放太重垃圾的情形下，其实需要外力施加系统的机会 为 0 ,因此这种配置是成本比较适中时的最理想方案。
3、 用第二种系统的单独方案（注：凡不采用第一配重系统的所有方案，跟 第一配重接合的离合装置，第一配重的牵拉底板齿轮结构，转向开关等 的第一配置的基本构架需保留，只是把第一配重部件改成坠子）b 这种 方案可免去下压垃圾桶的操作，空垃圾桶也可自动沉到地下，然后每天 扔垃圾的关盖动作积储能量给提升垃圾桶用。当然，这里我们可以配重 —点的配重，如 30-40kg ,但需要的压力相应要大点，总的提升需要的 压盖次数也要多点，因而需仔细考量作选择。
4、 第二配重和外力施加系统的结合应用方案。 这种情形跟第 3 方案差不 多，但多了脚踏板作为后备，以提升更重的荷载。
5、 单独使用外力施加系统。这样的配置简单、 成本比较低，也是垃圾桶可 自动沉到地下，到需要提升时，拉起脚踏板把垃圾桶踩上来便可。利用 杠杆的原理加上脚踏时比较容易施加人体几十公斤重的力 ，这方案可以 设计成可以提升比较重的荷载。 缺点是操作比较慢。
6、 外力施加与第一配重结合应用的方案。这方案需下压垃圾桶的动作以积 储一定的能量，然后需要提升时拉起脚踏板帮助提升。也是因脚踏时比 较容易施加人体几十公斤重的力 ，这也是可以提升比较重荷载的方案。 上面的所有方案中 ，使用者可以自己用一定的力提拉垃圾桶，只要跟配重的力 加起来超过荷重（光用外力施加系统时配重为 0 ) ,都可以把垃圾桶提上来。 实施例 2
家用杂物储藏柜
此应用实例可为用途多样的家居杂物储藏。因没定期开盖动作，可以不加第二 配重，就用简单最低成本的第一配重。 其配重可根据可能储藏的物件重量来估算， 考虑其下压和上提力差约正负，例如 20kg ,即标称最小和最大承载量差为 40kg。 如家居园艺工具，DIY工具的储藏柜可能比较重，可选用 80-100kg的标称荷载（连 容器底部的总重量），选择 100kg 的中间值作为配置，这样普通人只要施加 20kg 的下压力或提升力便可很容易操作。 因为方案没有把容器拖离装置的需要，我们就 把底板整个做成一个柜固定在装置上，配置相应的格架作存放物品 ；顶部也不需要 另外加盖，直接把顶部的构造跟防水一起设计就行了。 请参看附图？？。 如果是一 些轻量点的物品 ，如做下沉网购收货箱，或地面层居民的下沉式储物（如衣物杂物 等）柜，可能 20kg的配重就足够，用这种单一的第一配重系统来承担这样的应用 就非常容易和灵活了（附图 17 )b
如采用第一与第二配重（这时需要加杠杆力臂作第二配重提升的单独操作使 用）或（和）外力施加系统的不同组合的方案，成本稍微高点，但对于承载物较重 的应用 ，会使提升的时候不需要花太多力气，其使用方便程度会相应提高。 虽然本发明以几个较佳实施例掲露如上，但并非用以限定本发明实施的范围。 任何本领域的普通技术人员 ，在不脱离本发明的范围内 ，当可作些许的改进，即凡 是依照本发明做的同等改进，应为本发明范围所涵盖。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种升降装置，其包括：
第一转轴，其上设有用于设定所述第一转轴转向的第一开关，以及第一定滑轮； 第一配重部件，其位于所述第一定滑轮吊索的一端；
位于所述第一定滑轮吊索的另一端、且与所述第一配重部件同步且反向运动的 底板。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的升降装置，其中 ，还包括：
第二转轴，以及其上的同步转动第二定滑轮；
第二配重部件，其位于所述第二定滑轮吊索的一端，且通过穿过第一配重上两 穿孔而悬吊于所述第一配重部件的正下方；其包括与所述第一配重部件接触时与其 结合的离合装置；
在第二外力作用下带动所述第二配重部件每次上升一定高度的第二外力作用 装置。 此装置包括第二转轴上的从动齿轮，与其齿合的小驱动轮，与小驱动轮同轴 套接的大单向驱动飞轮，与大单向驱动飞轮齿合的压杆和其上的第二按压面；大小 驱动轮轴上还有设定转向的第二开关。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的升降装置，其中 ，所述第一定滑轮为 1对链轮加另 一组链轮或另一组绳轮组成，以使其保持四边平衡升降；第二定滑轮为一对链轮或 绳轮。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的升降装置，其中 ，离合装置在升降装置底部时为分 离状态；离开底部上升时其处于可咬合状态；当上升到碰触第一配重底部时便咬合 而使第一配重的重量加到第二配重上；其中 ，所述第一配重部件的底部设有能被所 述离合装置咬合的凹槽或凸块；处于第二配重内的可扣合装置为弹簧装置。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的升降装置，其中 ，还包括第一外力作用装置，所述 第一外力作用装置包括第一按压面、 与所述第一按压面连接的第一压杆、 与所述第 一压杆啮合的第一单向飞轮，所述第一单向飞轮套接于所述第一转轴上。
6、 根据权利要求 1 所述的升降装置，其中 ，还包括壳体，所述壳体包括埋 于地下并与地下泥土接触的外壳体，以及内壳体。
7、 容纳于权利要求 1-6之一所述的升降装置之内的升降容器。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的升降容器，其中 ，所述升降容器为带轮子的垃圾桶。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的升降容器，其中 ，所述垃圾桶可为供标准垃圾车提 翻的标准带轮垃圾桶。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的升降容器，其中 ，所述垃圾桶为可伸縮垃圾桶， 其伸长时为标准高度的带轮垃圾桶，收縮时只有标准高度的一半。
PCT/CN2013/076191 2012-05-24 2013-05-24 一种升降装置及应用于该升降装置的容器 WO2013174299A1 (zh)

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