WO2013171421A2 - Process and apparatus for venting a co2‑rich fluid - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for venting a co2‑rich fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013171421A2
WO2013171421A2 PCT/FR2013/051049 FR2013051049W WO2013171421A2 WO 2013171421 A2 WO2013171421 A2 WO 2013171421A2 FR 2013051049 W FR2013051049 W FR 2013051049W WO 2013171421 A2 WO2013171421 A2 WO 2013171421A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
carbon dioxide
capacity
liquid
rich
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PCT/FR2013/051049
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French (fr)
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WO2013171421A3 (en
Inventor
Hervé Le Bihan
Christophe Szamlewski
Xavier Traversac
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L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of WO2013171421A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013171421A2/en
Publication of WO2013171421A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013171421A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/067—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0256—Safety aspects of operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0295—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/0695—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/70—Flue or combustion exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/90—Details about safety operation of the installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for venting a fluid rich in carbon dioxide.
  • a carbon dioxide-rich fluid contains at least 95% carbon dioxide, or even at least 96% carbon dioxide, all percentages relating to purities in this document being molar percentages.
  • a first solution envisaged is to heat the gas or liquid before expansion at atmospheric pressure for a given initial pressure, depending on the amount of impurities present.
  • the gas or liquid to be discharged may be reheated in a coil placed in a pool or in an atmospheric tower or heated in a vaporizer.
  • this first solution requires the installation of additional pipes (for the case of the coil immersed in an evaporative tower) and steam (or electricity) available (case without evaporative tower). This amount of heat (in vapor or other form) becomes important in the case of the relaxation of a CO 2 -rich liquid.
  • the present invention proposes, as an alternative, setting up a pressure capacity where the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide is less than 60 bar absolute, preferably less than 44 bar absolute and greater than 5 bar absolute, preferably greater than 5.3 absolute bar.
  • the pressure of the capacity is ideally greater than the lowest pressure of C0 2 in the process producing the waste gas to be discharged, in order to reuse the liquid C0 2 stored in this capacity under pressure in a starting phase. This capacity thus allows this relaxation to be staggered and the liquid to be retained, while the gas generated is, in turn, relaxed in the atmosphere without the risk of formation of dry ice.
  • a storage can be used as a pressurized capacity.
  • a method of venting a fluid rich in carbon dioxide in which a treatment unit produces at least one fluid rich in carbon dioxide at a first pressure, the fluid rich in carbon dioxide is expanded in a valve to a second pressure to produce a biphasic flow, the biphasic flow is sent at the second pressure to a capacity and a gas from the capacity is sent to the atmosphere in form gas after being relaxed at atmospheric pressure characterized in that a carbon dioxide-rich liquid from the treatment unit is sent to the capacity where it is stored and a liquid of the capacity is withdrawn as a liquid product.
  • At least one first carbon dioxide rich fluid having a first purity of carbon dioxide and / or being produced at the first pressure is expanded in a first valve to the second pressure and a second carbon dioxide rich fluid having a second purity in carbon dioxide and / or being produced at the first pressure or pressure different from the first pressure is expanded in a second valve and sent to the capacity.
  • the liquid of the capacity can be returned to the treatment unit, possibly after expansion.
  • the capacity can operate at a pressure such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greater than 5.3 bar absolute.
  • the capacity can operate at a pressure such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is less than 60 bar absolute.
  • the capacity can operate at a pressure such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is between 5.3 bar absolute and 44 bar absolute.
  • the treatment unit can produce a gas containing oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen or a gas or a liquid rich in carbon dioxide or any compound present in the mixture to be separated in gas or liquid form.
  • the fluid rich in carbon dioxide contains at least 95% carbon dioxide.
  • an apparatus for venting a fluid rich in carbon dioxide in which a treatment unit produces at least a carbon dioxide-rich fluid at a first pressure comprising an expansion valve, a conduit for supplying the carbon dioxide rich fluid to the valve for expansion to a second pressure to produce a two-phase flow, a capacity, a conduit for sending the two-phase flow of the valve to the second pressure to the capacity and means for expanding a gas from the capacity connected to the atmosphere to discharge the gas into the atmosphere in gaseous form after having been expanded to atmospheric pressure, characterized in that it comprises means for delivering a carbon dioxide-rich liquid from the processing unit to the capacity and means for withdrawing a liquid of the capacity as a liquid product.
  • the apparatus may comprise means for sending a liquid of the capacity to the treatment unit, possibly following a relaxation.
  • the unit of treatment may be a carbon dioxide liquefaction unit, an oxyfuel combustion unit, an oxyfuel combustion flue distillation unit, a cement plant, a steel plant, a synthesis gas production unit containing hydrogen and monoxide of carbon or a unit of gasification.
  • a feed fluid 1 which may be a flue gas flow or another gas containing carbon dioxide is sent to a treatment unit 3 producing a carbon dioxide-rich waste gas.
  • the treatment unit may be an oxy-fuel combustion unit, an oxy-fuel combustion distillation unit, a cement plant, a steel plant, a synthesis gas production unit (H2, CO), a gasification unit and so on. more general a CO 2 treatment unit pure or impure.
  • Unit 3 produces at least from time to time a fluid rich in carbon dioxide 7, 9, 1 1 to be sent to the atmosphere. This fluid is produced by unit 3 at a pressure of at least 5 bar absolute and at most 50 bar absolute. In the concrete case, a unit producing three flow rates 7, 9, 1 1, not necessarily simultaneously, will be described.
  • a first flow 7 containing 99% of carbon dioxide is expanded in a first valve PSV1 to a second pressure between 5.3 bar absolute and 44 bar absolute.
  • a second flow 9 containing 98% of carbon dioxide is expanded in a second valve PSV2 until the second pressure.
  • a third flow 1 1 containing 97% carbon dioxide and a pressure between 15bara and 5.3bara is expanded in a third valve PSV3 until the second pressure.
  • the three flow rates at the second pressure are biphasic and are mixed, forming a flow 13, and sent to a capacity 15 operating at the second pressure.
  • a gas 17 out of the capacity 15 at least punctually, is expanded at atmospheric pressure in the valve 19 and the gas 21 formed is sent to the atmosphere.
  • the flow 21 does not contain any solid.
  • the formed liquid 29 may be a product rich in carbon dioxide expanded in a valve 31.
  • Capacity 15 is a storage of unit 3 and is fed with a carbon dioxide-rich liquid 23 from unit 3. From The carbon dioxide-rich liquid from the capacity 15 can be sent after expansion into the valve 27 for use in the unit 3.
  • the liquid 25 can serve as a source of cold on the unit and be vaporized at the same time. inside the unit 3.
  • Unit 3 can produce a product 5 depending on the type of treatment.
  • This product may be oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, a gas or a liquid rich in carbon dioxide or any compound present in the mixture 1 in form gas or liquid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for venting a carbon dioxide‑rich fluid, a processing unit (3) produces at least one carbon dioxide‑rich fluid (7, 9, 11) at a first pressure, the carbon dioxide‑rich fluid is expanded in a valve (PSV) to a second pressure to produce a two‑phase flow, the two‑phase flow is sent at the second pressure to a tank (15) and a gas (17) originating from the tank is sent into the atmosphere in gaseous form after having been expanded to atmospheric pressure. Single figure

Description

Procédé et appareil de mise à l'air d'un fluide riche en C02. Method and apparatus for venting a fluid rich in C0 2
La présente invention est relative à un procédé et à un appareil de mise à l'air d'un fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone. Un fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone contient au moins 95% de dioxyde de carbone, voire au moins 96% de dioxyde de carbone, tous les pourcentages relatifs à des puretés dans ce document étant des pourcentages molaires. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for venting a fluid rich in carbon dioxide. A carbon dioxide-rich fluid contains at least 95% carbon dioxide, or even at least 96% carbon dioxide, all percentages relating to purities in this document being molar percentages.
II est connu d'épurer un débit contenant du dioxyde de carbone afin de séquestrer le dioxyde de carbone qu'il contient, par différents moyens, par exemple la distillation à basse température, le lavage aux aminés ou la perméation. Il est également connu de liquéfier un gaz riche en dioxyde de carbone aux procédés de capture de C02 ainsi qu'aux appareils de liquéfaction de C02. Cette liquéfaction peut être précédée d'un ou plusieurs traitements des fumées (ou gaz de synthèse) par des méthodes de séparation physique et/ou chimique. It is known to purify a flow containing carbon dioxide in order to sequester the carbon dioxide it contains, by various means, for example low temperature distillation, amine washing or permeation. It's also known to liquefy a gas rich in carbon dioxide to C0 2 capture processes and the C0 2 liquefaction devices. This liquefaction may be preceded by one or more treatments of the fumes (or synthesis gas) by physical and / or chemical separation methods.
Dans ces unités d'épuration et/ou de liquéfaction et d'autres unités encore produisant un débit riche en dioxyde de carbone, afin de protéger les équipements mais également réduire les coûts de ces derniers (par minimisation de la pression de fonctionnement par exemple), il est fréquent d'installer au moins une soupape de sécurité, capable d'évacuer un débit et/ou pression de gaz et/ou de liquide trop importants.  In these purification and / or liquefaction units and other units still producing a flow rich in carbon dioxide, in order to protect the equipment but also reduce the costs thereof (by minimizing the operating pressure for example) , it is common to install at least one safety valve, capable of evacuating a flow rate and / or pressure of too much gas and / or liquid.
Cependant lors de la détente de ce gaz (ou liquide) dont la composition est riche en C02, il est possible de former de la neige carbonique à pression atmosphérique. Une première solution envisagée consiste à réchauffer le gaz ou liquide avant sa détente à la pression atmosphérique pour une pression initiale donnée, dépendante de la quantité d'impuretés présente. Par exemple, le gaz ou le liquide à rejeter peut être réchauffé dans un serpentin placé dans une piscine ou bien dans une tour atmosphérique ou réchauffé dans un vaporiseur. Cependant, cette première solution nécessite l'installation de conduites supplémentaires (pour le cas du serpentin immergé dans une tour évaporative) et de la vapeur (ou électricité) disponible (cas sans tour évaporative). Cette quantité de chaleur (sous forme vapeur ou autre) devient importante dans le cas de la détente d'un liquide riche en CO2. However, during the relaxation of this gas (or liquid) whose composition is rich in C0 2 , it is possible to form dry ice at atmospheric pressure. A first solution envisaged is to heat the gas or liquid before expansion at atmospheric pressure for a given initial pressure, depending on the amount of impurities present. For example, the gas or liquid to be discharged may be reheated in a coil placed in a pool or in an atmospheric tower or heated in a vaporizer. However, this first solution requires the installation of additional pipes (for the case of the coil immersed in an evaporative tower) and steam (or electricity) available (case without evaporative tower). This amount of heat (in vapor or other form) becomes important in the case of the relaxation of a CO 2 -rich liquid.
Ainsi la présente invention propose comme alternative la mise en place d'une capacité sous pression où la pression partielle du dioxyde de carbone est inférieure à 60 bar absolus, de préférence inférieure à 44 bar absolus et supérieure à 5 bar absolus, de préférence supérieure à 5,3 bar absolus. La pression de la capacité est idéalement supérieure à la pression la plus basse du C02 dans le procédé produisant le gaz résiduaire à rejeter, afin de pouvoir réutiliser le C02 liquide stocké dans cette capacité sous pression dans une phase de démarrage. Cette capacité permet ainsi d'étager cette détente et de retenir le liquide, alors que le gaz généré est, quant à lui, détendu à l'atmosphère sans risque de formation de neige carbonique. Thus, the present invention proposes, as an alternative, setting up a pressure capacity where the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide is less than 60 bar absolute, preferably less than 44 bar absolute and greater than 5 bar absolute, preferably greater than 5.3 absolute bar. The pressure of the capacity is ideally greater than the lowest pressure of C0 2 in the process producing the waste gas to be discharged, in order to reuse the liquid C0 2 stored in this capacity under pressure in a starting phase. This capacity thus allows this relaxation to be staggered and the liquid to be retained, while the gas generated is, in turn, relaxed in the atmosphere without the risk of formation of dry ice.
On pourra par exemple dans le cas d'une unité de liquéfaction du C02 utiliser un stockage comme capacité sous pression. For example, in the case of a CO 2 liquefaction unit, a storage can be used as a pressurized capacity.
Selon un objet de l'invention, il est prévu un procédé de mise à l'air d'un fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone dans lequel une unité de traitement produit au moins un fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone à une première pression, le fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone est détendu dans une vanne jusqu'à une deuxième pression pour produire un débit biphasique, le débit biphasique est envoyé à la deuxième pression à une capacité et un gaz provenant de la capacité est envoyé à l'atmosphère sous forme gazeuse après avoir été détendu à la pression atmosphérique caractérisé en ce qu'un liquide riche en dioxyde de carbone de l'unité de traitement est envoyé à la capacité où il est stocké et un liquide de la capacité est soutiré comme produit liquide.  According to one object of the invention, there is provided a method of venting a fluid rich in carbon dioxide in which a treatment unit produces at least one fluid rich in carbon dioxide at a first pressure, the fluid rich in carbon dioxide is expanded in a valve to a second pressure to produce a biphasic flow, the biphasic flow is sent at the second pressure to a capacity and a gas from the capacity is sent to the atmosphere in form gas after being relaxed at atmospheric pressure characterized in that a carbon dioxide-rich liquid from the treatment unit is sent to the capacity where it is stored and a liquid of the capacity is withdrawn as a liquid product.
Eventuellement au moins un premier fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone ayant une première pureté en dioxyde de carbone et/ou étant produit à la première pression est détendu dans une première vanne jusqu'à la deuxième pression et un deuxième fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone ayant une deuxième pureté en dioxyde de carbone et/ou étant produit à la première pression ou une pression différente de la première pression est détendue dans une deuxième vanne et envoyé à la capacité. Optionally at least one first carbon dioxide rich fluid having a first purity of carbon dioxide and / or being produced at the first pressure is expanded in a first valve to the second pressure and a second carbon dioxide rich fluid having a second purity in carbon dioxide and / or being produced at the first pressure or pressure different from the first pressure is expanded in a second valve and sent to the capacity.
Le liquide de la capacité peut être renvoyé à l'unité de traitement, éventuellement après détente.  The liquid of the capacity can be returned to the treatment unit, possibly after expansion.
La capacité peut opérer à une pression telle que la pression partielle de dioxyde de carbone est supérieure à 5,3 bar absolus.  The capacity can operate at a pressure such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greater than 5.3 bar absolute.
La capacité peut opérer à une pression telle que la pression partielle de dioxyde de carbone est inférieure à 60 bar absolus.  The capacity can operate at a pressure such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is less than 60 bar absolute.
La capacité peut opérer à une pression telle que la pression partielle de dioxyde de carbone est à entre 5,3 bar absolus et 44 bar absolus.  The capacity can operate at a pressure such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is between 5.3 bar absolute and 44 bar absolute.
L'unité de traitement peut produire un gaz contenant de l'oxygène, de l'azote, de l'argon, du monoxyde de carbone, de l'hydrogène ou un gaz ou un liquide riche en dioxyde de carbone ou tout composé présent dans le mélange à séparer sous forme gaz ou liquide.  The treatment unit can produce a gas containing oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen or a gas or a liquid rich in carbon dioxide or any compound present in the mixture to be separated in gas or liquid form.
Le fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone contient au moins 95% de dioxyde de carbone.  The fluid rich in carbon dioxide contains at least 95% carbon dioxide.
Selon un autre objet de l'invention, il est prévu un appareil de mise à l'air d'un fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone dans lequel une unité de traitement produit au moi ns un fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone à une première pression comprenant une vanne de détente, une conduite pour envoyer le fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone à la vanne pour le détendre jusqu'à une deuxième pression pour produire un débit biphasique, une capacité, une conduite pour envoyer le débit biphasique de la vanne à la deuxième pression à la capacité et des moyens de détente d'un gaz provenant de la capacité reliés à l'atmosphère pour rejeter le gaz à l'atmosphère sous forme gazeuse après avoir été détendu à la pression atmosphérique caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour envoyer un liquide riche en dioxyde de carbone de l'unité de traitement à la capacité et des moyens pour soutirer un liquide de la capacité comme produit liquide.  According to another object of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for venting a fluid rich in carbon dioxide in which a treatment unit produces at least a carbon dioxide-rich fluid at a first pressure. comprising an expansion valve, a conduit for supplying the carbon dioxide rich fluid to the valve for expansion to a second pressure to produce a two-phase flow, a capacity, a conduit for sending the two-phase flow of the valve to the second pressure to the capacity and means for expanding a gas from the capacity connected to the atmosphere to discharge the gas into the atmosphere in gaseous form after having been expanded to atmospheric pressure, characterized in that it comprises means for delivering a carbon dioxide-rich liquid from the processing unit to the capacity and means for withdrawing a liquid of the capacity as a liquid product.
L'appareil peut comprendre des moyens pour envoyer un liquide de la capacité à l'unité de traitement, éventuellement suite à une détente. L'unité de traitement peut être une unité de liquéfaction de dioxyde de carbone, une unité d'oxycombustion, une unité de distillation de fumées d'oxycombustion, une cimenterie, une aciérie, une unité de production de gaz de synthèse contenant de l'hydrogène et du monoxyde de carbone ou une unité de gazéification. The apparatus may comprise means for sending a liquid of the capacity to the treatment unit, possibly following a relaxation. The unit of treatment may be a carbon dioxide liquefaction unit, an oxyfuel combustion unit, an oxyfuel combustion flue distillation unit, a cement plant, a steel plant, a synthesis gas production unit containing hydrogen and monoxide of carbon or a unit of gasification.
L'invention sera décrite en plus de détail en se référant à la figure qui illustre un appareil de mise à l'air selon l'invention.  The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figure which illustrates a venting apparatus according to the invention.
Un fluide d'alimentation 1 pouvant être un débit de fumées ou un autre gaz contenant du dioxyde de carbone est envoyé à une unité de traitement 3 produisant un gaz résiduaire riche en dioxyde de carbone. L'unité de traitement peut être une unité d'oxycombustion, une unité de distillation de fumées d'oxycombustion, une cimenterie, une aciérie, une unité de production de gaz de synthèse (H2, CO), une unité de gazéification et de manière plus générale une unité de traitement du CO2 pur ou impur. L'unité 3 produit au moins de temps en temps au moins un fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone 7, 9, 1 1 à envoyer à l'atmosphère. Ce fluide est produit par l'unité 3 à une pression d'au moins 5 bars absolus et au plus 50 bars absolus. Dans le cas concret, une unité produisant trois débits 7, 9, 1 1 , pas nécessairement simultanément, sera décrite. Un premier débit 7 contenant 99% de dioxyde de carbone est détendu dans une première vanne PSV1 jusqu'à une deuxième pression entre 5,3 bar absolus et 44 bar absolus. Un deuxième débit 9 contenant 98% de dioxyde de carbone est détendu dans une deuxième vanne PSV2 jusqu'à la deuxième pression. Un troisième débit 1 1 contenant 97% de dioxyde de carbone et à une pression comprise entre 15bara et 5,3bara est détendu dans une troisième vanne PSV3 jusqu'à la deuxième pression. Les trois débits à la deuxième pression sont biphasiques et sont mélangés, formant un débit 13, et envoyés à une capacité 15 opérant à la deuxième pression. Un gaz 17 sort de la capacité 15 au moins ponctuellement, est détendu à la pression atmosphérique dans la vanne 19 et le gaz 21 formé est envoyé à l'atmosphère. Le débit 21 ne contient pas de solide. A feed fluid 1 which may be a flue gas flow or another gas containing carbon dioxide is sent to a treatment unit 3 producing a carbon dioxide-rich waste gas. The treatment unit may be an oxy-fuel combustion unit, an oxy-fuel combustion distillation unit, a cement plant, a steel plant, a synthesis gas production unit (H2, CO), a gasification unit and so on. more general a CO 2 treatment unit pure or impure. Unit 3 produces at least from time to time a fluid rich in carbon dioxide 7, 9, 1 1 to be sent to the atmosphere. This fluid is produced by unit 3 at a pressure of at least 5 bar absolute and at most 50 bar absolute. In the concrete case, a unit producing three flow rates 7, 9, 1 1, not necessarily simultaneously, will be described. A first flow 7 containing 99% of carbon dioxide is expanded in a first valve PSV1 to a second pressure between 5.3 bar absolute and 44 bar absolute. A second flow 9 containing 98% of carbon dioxide is expanded in a second valve PSV2 until the second pressure. A third flow 1 1 containing 97% carbon dioxide and a pressure between 15bara and 5.3bara is expanded in a third valve PSV3 until the second pressure. The three flow rates at the second pressure are biphasic and are mixed, forming a flow 13, and sent to a capacity 15 operating at the second pressure. A gas 17 out of the capacity 15 at least punctually, is expanded at atmospheric pressure in the valve 19 and the gas 21 formed is sent to the atmosphere. The flow 21 does not contain any solid.
Le liquide formé 29 peut constituer un produit riche en dioxyde de carbone détendu dans une vanne 31 . La capacité 15 est un stockage de l'unité 3 et est alimentée par un liquide riche en dioxyde de carbone 23 provenant de l'unité 3. Du liquide 25 riche en dioxyde de carbone provenant de la capacité 15 peut être envoyé après détente dans la vanne 27 pour être utilisé dans l'unité 3. Par exemple le liquide 25 peut servir de source de froid sur l'unité et être vaporisé à l'intérieur de l'unité 3. The formed liquid 29 may be a product rich in carbon dioxide expanded in a valve 31. Capacity 15 is a storage of unit 3 and is fed with a carbon dioxide-rich liquid 23 from unit 3. From The carbon dioxide-rich liquid from the capacity 15 can be sent after expansion into the valve 27 for use in the unit 3. For example the liquid 25 can serve as a source of cold on the unit and be vaporized at the same time. inside the unit 3.
L'unité 3 peut produire un produit 5 selon le type de traitement. Ce produit 5 peut être de l'oxygène, de l'azote, de l'argon, du monoxyde de carbone, de l'hydrogène, un gaz ou un liquide riche en dioxyde de carbone ou tout composé présent dans le mélange 1 sous forme gaz ou liquide.  Unit 3 can produce a product 5 depending on the type of treatment. This product may be oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, a gas or a liquid rich in carbon dioxide or any compound present in the mixture 1 in form gas or liquid.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Procédé de mise à l'air d'un fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone dans lequel une unité de traitement (3) produit au moins un fluide (7, 9, 1 1 ) riche en dioxyde de carbone à une première pression, le fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone est détendu dans une vanne (PSV1 , PSV2, PSV3) jusqu'à une deuxième pression pour produire un débit biphasique, le débit biphasique est envoyé à la deuxième pression à une capacité (15) et un gaz (17) provenant de la capacité est envoyé à l'atmosphère sous forme gazeuse après avoir été détendu à la pression atmosphérique caractérisé en ce qu' un liquide (23) riche en dioxyde de carbone de l'unité de traitement (3) est envoyé à la capacité (15) où il est stocké et un liquide (29) de la capacité est soutiré comme produit liquide. A method of venting a carbon dioxide-rich fluid in which a treatment unit (3) produces at least one fluid (7, 9, 1 1) rich in carbon dioxide at a first pressure, the carbon dioxide-rich fluid is expanded in a valve (PSV1, PSV2, PSV3) to a second pressure to produce a biphasic flow, the biphasic flow is sent at the second pressure to a capacity (15) and a gas ( 17) from the capacity is sent to the atmosphere in gaseous form after having been expanded to atmospheric pressure, characterized in that a liquid (23) rich in carbon dioxide from the treatment unit (3) is sent to the capacity (15) where it is stored and a liquid (29) of the capacity is withdrawn as a liquid product.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel au moins un premier fluide (7, 9) riche en dioxyde de carbone ayant une première pureté en dioxyde de carbone et/ou étant produit à la première pression est détendu dans une première vanne (PSV1 , PSV2) jusqu'à la deuxième pression et un deuxième fluide (9, 1 1 ) riche en dioxyde de carbone ayant une deuxième pureté en dioxyde de carbone et/ou étant produit à la première pression ou une pression différente de la première pression est détendue dans une deuxième vanne (PSV2, PSV3) et envoyé à la capacité. The process of claim 1 wherein at least one first carbon dioxide rich fluid (7, 9) having a first carbon dioxide purity and / or being produced at the first pressure is expanded in a first valve (PSV1, PSV2) to the second pressure and a second fluid (9, 1 1) rich in carbon dioxide having a second purity of carbon dioxide and / or being produced at the first pressure or a pressure different from the first pressure is relaxed in a second valve (PSV2, PSV3) and sent to the capacity.
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel le liquide (25) de la capacité est renvoyé à l'unité de traitement (3). 3. Method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the liquid (25) of the capacity is returned to the processing unit (3).
4. Procédé selon la revendication 3 dans lequel le liquide (25) est détendu avant d'être envoyé à l'unité de traitement (3). 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the liquid (25) is expanded before being sent to the treatment unit (3).
5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4 dans lequel le liquide de la capacité est renvoyé à l'unité de traitement (3) lors du démarrage. 5. Method according to claim 3 or 4 wherein the liquid capacity is returned to the processing unit (3) during startup.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel la capacité (15) opère à une pression telle que la pression partielle de dioxyde de carbone est supérieure à 5,3 bar absolus. 6. Method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the capacitor (15) operates at a pressure such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greater than 5.3 bar absolute.
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel la capacité (15) opère à une pression telle que la pression partielle de dioxyde de carbone est inférieure à 60 bar absolus. 7. Method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the capacity (15) operates at a pressure such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is less than 60 bar absolute.
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes 6 et 7 dans lequel la capacité (15) opère une pression telle que la pression partielle de dioxyde de carbone est à entre 5,3 bar absolus et 44 bar absolus. 8. Method according to one of the preceding claims 6 and 7 wherein the capacitor (15) operates a pressure such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is between 5.3 bar absolute and 44 bar absolute.
9. Appareil de mise à l'air d'un fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone dans lequel une unité de traitement (3) produit au moins un fluide (7, 9, 1 1 ) riche en dioxyde de carbone à une première pression comprenant une vanne de détente (PSV1 , PSV2, PSV3), une conduite pour envoyer le fluide riche en dioxyde de carbone à la vanne pour le détendre jusqu'à une deuxième pression pour produire un débit biphasique, une capacité (15), une conduite pour envoyer le débit biphasique de la vanne à la deuxième pression à la capacité et des moyens de détente d'un gaz (17) provenant de la capacité reliés à l'atmosphère pour rejeter le gaz à l'atmosphère sous forme gazeuse après avoir été détendu à la pression atmosphérique caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour envoyer un liquide (23) riche en dioxyde de carbone de l'unité de traitement (3) à la capacité (15) et des moyens (29) pour soutirer un liquide de la capacité comme produit liquide. An apparatus for venting a carbon dioxide-rich fluid in which a treatment unit (3) produces at least one fluid (7, 9, 1 1) rich in carbon dioxide at a first pressure comprising an expansion valve (PSV1, PSV2, PSV3), a conduit for supplying the carbon dioxide-rich fluid to the valve for expansion to a second pressure to produce a biphasic flow, a capacity (15), a conduit for sending the biphasic flow of the valve at the second pressure to the capacity and means for expanding a gas (17) from the capacity connected to the atmosphere to discharge the gas to the atmosphere in gaseous form after being relaxed at atmospheric pressure characterized in that it comprises means for sending a liquid (23) rich in carbon dioxide from the treatment unit (3) to the capacity (15) and means (29) for withdrawing a liquid capacity as a liquid product.
10. Appareil selon la revendication 9 comprenant des moyens pour envoyer un liquide (25) de la capacité (15) à l'unité de traitement (3). 10. Apparatus according to claim 9 comprising means for sending a liquid (25) of the capacity (15) to the processing unit (3).
1 1. Appareil selon la revendication 10 comprenant des moyens pour détendre le liquide (25) de la capacité (15) envoyé à l'unité de traitement (3) . An apparatus according to claim 10 including means for expanding the liquid (25) of the capacity (15) fed to the treatment unit (3).
12. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 9 à 1 1 dans lequel l'unité de traitement est une unité de liquéfaction de dioxyde de carbone, une unité d'oxycombustion, une unité de distillation de fumées d'oxycombustion, une cimenterie, une aciérie, une unité de production de gaz de synthèse contenant de l'hydrogène et du monoxyde de carbone ou une unité de gazéification. 12. Apparatus according to one of claims 9 to 1 1 wherein the processing unit is a carbon dioxide liquefaction unit, an oxyfuel combustion unit, an oxyfuel combustion flue distillation unit, a cement plant, a steelworks, a synthesis gas production unit containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide or a gasification unit.
PCT/FR2013/051049 2012-05-15 2013-05-14 Process and apparatus for venting a co2‑rich fluid WO2013171421A2 (en)

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