WO2013170958A2 - Module d'une installation pour produire un courant continu ou un courant alternatif et installation pour produire un courant continu ou un courant alternatif - Google Patents

Module d'une installation pour produire un courant continu ou un courant alternatif et installation pour produire un courant continu ou un courant alternatif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013170958A2
WO2013170958A2 PCT/EP2013/001431 EP2013001431W WO2013170958A2 WO 2013170958 A2 WO2013170958 A2 WO 2013170958A2 EP 2013001431 W EP2013001431 W EP 2013001431W WO 2013170958 A2 WO2013170958 A2 WO 2013170958A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strand
voltage
output
terminal box
direct current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/001431
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013170958A3 (fr
Inventor
Sascha LEHRMANN
Kai FIEBER
Original Assignee
Juwi Technologies Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE201210009761 external-priority patent/DE102012009761A1/de
Application filed by Juwi Technologies Gmbh filed Critical Juwi Technologies Gmbh
Priority to EP13730100.8A priority Critical patent/EP2850714A2/fr
Publication of WO2013170958A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013170958A2/fr
Publication of WO2013170958A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013170958A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an assembly of a system for generating a direct current or an alternating current and such a system for generating a direct current or an alternating current.
  • photovoltaic systems are known as one of the possible designs of a system for generating a direct current or alternating current.
  • the concept described in more detail below is known in practice: individual photovoltaic modules are connected in series and thereby combined into one strand.
  • the length of the string (the number of photovoltaic modules in a string) is determined by the output voltage of the individual modules and the permissible input voltage range of the inverter, at whose input the DC voltage generated by the string is applied.
  • it is also known to form a plurality of strands and summarized in a parallel circuit and collect at the entrance of a junction box. If a plurality of such junction boxes are provided, which each have their own strings connected in parallel, the output currents of these junction boxes, which are often direct currents, can be fed to the input terminal field of an inverter.
  • a disadvantage of photovoltaic modules is that the output voltage of the photovoltaic modules is not constant, but changes, for example due to
  • Heating of the photovoltaic module forming solar cells are, for example, the radiation to the module and the ambient temperature.
  • the individual voltages add up to the so-called string voltage, since the photovoltaic modules of the string are combined in series.
  • balancing currents can flow between the individual strands to build a common voltage level. This process is often called
  • WO 2010/002960 A1 provides for assigning a terminal box to each individual photovoltaic module.
  • WO 2010/002960 A1 proposes forming the terminal box with an up-converter, which is referred to therein as a "boost module.”
  • This boost module allows it, the voltage supplied by the individual photovoltaic module, applied to the terminal box input DC voltage applied to an output of the respective, the photovoltaic module associated terminal box
  • the invention has the object to provide an assembly of a system for generating a direct current or an alternating current and to provide a system for generating a direct current or alternating current, which has a smaller number of components and thereby a lower probability of failure, low maintenance and has lower investment costs.
  • the invention is based on the idea of connecting at least one first strand and at least one second strand in parallel to an input of a terminal box and this terminal box with a
  • Up converter form with which the voltage applied to the input of the terminal box by the interconnection with the first strand and the second strand input DC voltage is converted to a voltage applied to an output of the terminal box output DC voltage, wherein the DC output voltage is higher than the DC input voltage.
  • terminal boxes configured with boosters do not need to be maintained for each power generator, for example for each photovoltaic module.
  • the solution according to the invention offers the advantage of reducing the number of components.
  • a system equipped with the assembly according to the invention for generating a direct current or an alternating current can be built with lower investment costs.
  • the assembly according to the invention comprises at least a first strand and a second strand, which are connected in parallel to an input of a junction box with a boost converter.
  • a boost converter a boost converter
  • more than three, more than five, more than ten, more than 20, more than 50 and particularly preferably more than 100 strands can be connected in parallel to the input of a terminal box while still a sufficiently high efficiency of the entire system for Generating a direct current can be maintained.
  • the number of strands to be provided in parallel is limited, in particular, by the maximum power of the boost converter.
  • the first strand has at least two in
  • the second strand has at least one energy generator. In a preferred embodiment, however, the second strand also has at least two energy producers connected in series with one another. It is also conceivable that a power generator in a strand through the
  • a first energy generator in the first strand can be formed by connecting two sub-energy generators in parallel, wherein the first energy generator thus formed in the first strand can be connected in series with a second energy generator, which in turn is formed by connecting two or more sub-generators in parallel ,
  • the first strand and / or the second strand more than two series-connected energy producers, namely preferably more than three, more than four, more than five, more than ten, more than 15 or more preferably more than 20 in series with each other connected energy producers.
  • the number of power generators connected in series will be limited by a maximum system voltage possibly selected for the system and the voltage supplied in the train per power generator. For example, at a maximum of 1000VDC
  • System voltage 24 modules per strand may be provided. Changing the maximum desired system voltage, for example, to 1500VDC, so more modules per strand are conceivable.
  • the energy generators of the first strand are designed to generate a direct current from electromagnetic radiation (for example as a photovoltaic module), heat radiation (for example via solar thermal energy), fluid flows (for example wind or water power) or biomass.
  • the energy producers connected in series in the first string are preferably selected from the group of those listed below, in particular as energy producers selected components selected photovoltaic module, solar thermal module with connected turbine for generating an alternating current and rectifier for generating a direct current, wind turbine or combustion boiler for burning biomass and heating a fluid with downstream turbine for generating an alternating current and attached rectifier for generating a direct current.
  • a power generator of the first train may be a fuel cell that generates DC power.
  • the energy producers in the first strand of the same type for example, all photovoltaic modules in contrast to a mixture of, for example, photovoltaic modules and fuel cells in one strand
  • particularly preferably of the same design for example, all photovoltaic modules with 60 polycrystalline cells
  • energy generators of different types within the first strand for example a first energy generator which generates direct current from electromagnetic radiation, and a second energy generator which is designed as a fuel cell which generates direct current.
  • the at least one energy generator in the second strand is also an energy generator, which consists of electromagnetic radiation,
  • Heat radiation, fluid flows or biomass generated by a direct current or a fuel cell that generates direct current.
  • all energy producers in an assembly of the same type particularly preferably photovoltaic modules and very particularly preferably identically constructed photovoltaic modules.
  • the respective sub-power generator is also a power generator, which consists of electromagnetic radiation
  • Heat radiation, fluid flows or biomass generated by a direct current or a fuel cell that generates direct current.
  • the up-converter provided in the terminal box which may also be referred to as boost converter or boost-converter or step-up converter, is a DC-DC converter in which the magnitude of the output voltage is greater than the magnitude of the input voltage.
  • boost converter boost-converter or step-up converter
  • a coil is connected through a switch, typically a semiconductor switch, such as an IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor; insulated gate electrode) or a MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) connected to ground.
  • IGBT insulated-gate bipolar transistor; insulated gate electrode
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • the boost converter provides a constant DC output voltage.
  • the boost converter may particularly preferably permanently provide a constant DC output voltage, for example, for the entire operating time of the assembly, for example when designed with photovoltaic modules as energy producers for the entire time in which the photovoltaic modules are irradiated with electromagnetic radiation.
  • the boost converter it is also conceivable for the boost converter to be a constant only for a predetermined time period (or determined by measuring ambient or plant parameters)
  • the boost converter is in particular designed such that the output DC voltage that it delivers is adjustable.
  • Output DC voltage output from the jack voltage can be adjusted for example via the control of the switch, in particular by changing the frequency of the switching operations.
  • the boost converter is designed in such a way that it supplies a DC output voltage which is constant for at least fixed periods of time even when the input DC voltage fluctuates.
  • the time periods may be longer than one second, preferably longer than one minute, preferably more than one hour.
  • the boost converter is configured to provide low voltage power transfer at voltages of 500
  • the boost converter is designed such that it provides input DC voltages of greater than 1500 VDC in the unipolar or bipolar type of connection in the medium-voltage range at voltages of 500 VDC to 1500 VDC on the input side.
  • a limiter for example in the form of a component, may be connected downstream of the boost converter with a chopper control, which lowers the output DC voltage supplied by the boost converter to a lower level.
  • a chopper control impulse control
  • an electronic component of the junction box which may be coupled to the boost converter, is responsible for controlling the voltage.
  • a boost converter is responsible for controlling the voltage.
  • a component with a chopper control can also be connected upstream of the up-converter.
  • a current can be generated, which flows back in the direction of the energy generator. This can be used, for example, to energize photovoltaic modules designed energy generator to a
  • Defrosting function of the same to generate.
  • components with chopper control can be provided for each individual strand, for example at the location where the ends of the strand are guided into the housing of the connection box.
  • the boost converter itself is designed such that it can compensate for an overvoltage, in particular preferably can compensate for an overvoltage within a tolerance band.
  • the tolerance band may, for example, have a width of 0V to 100V, and more preferably a width of 0V to 700V.
  • the tolerance band is determined depending on the system parameters. If, for example, an inverter is provided within the plant, to which the current discharged from the terminal box is supplied, the tolerance band can be set to the ability of the inverter to absorb fluctuating input voltages.
  • the adjustable tolerance band can be limited by the semiconductor material of the switches in the up-converter. In particular, this balancing of the overvoltage is realized by alternating the activation of the power semiconductors (electronic switches) in the up-converter, whereby a lowering or targeted increase of the output voltage is achieved.
  • the terminal box has a cooling.
  • the connection box may have an exposed heat sink facing the environment of the connection box. Such a heat sink is suitable for dissipating the power loss, so this in the
  • the cooling can be convection cooling.
  • the cooling can be carried out in conjunction with a heat exchanger, for example a liquid-conducting heat exchanger or even an air / air heat exchanger.
  • the cooling can also be a PWM-controlled, forced cooling or else a forced cooling with discrete voltage levels.
  • a forced cooling it is particularly preferred to use a fan which can generate a fluid flow, preferably an air flow, flowing over a heat sink.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the speed of such a fan can preferably be adjusted continuously.
  • the fan can discrete speed levels (discrete voltage levels, which by the
  • the cooling of the connection box can be brought about by the fact that the heat input is reduced in the terminal box. It is conceivable that a power loss occurs in the boost converter. It is also conceivable that this power loss is converted by the up-converter or other components in the junction box into heat. In a preferred embodiment, the heat input into the connection box can now be reduced, in which the accumulation of the heat caused by the reduction of the power loss is reduced. This can be done, for example, by reducing the power of the boost converter, or possibly even shutting off the boost converter, so that the assembly does not temporarily provide a DC output voltage.
  • the regulation of the power of the up-converter can be carried out in particular preferably by means of a pulse width modulation (PWM) control of the switches in the up-converter.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • a temperature sensor is provided on and / or in the connection box.
  • a control is provided which activates cooling and / or reduces the power of the boost converter and / or switches off the boost converter when a predetermined temperature level is reached.
  • the assembly according to the invention has a measuring system which carries out measurements at at least two measuring points.
  • the measurements can be recorded in a memory and / or evaluated in an evaluation unit and / or via suitable means, such as lines, but also
  • Radio communications are forwarded to out-of-assembly receivers.
  • the measurement system may measure temperatures, such as the temperatures of individual photovoltaic modules (if used as energy generators), or measure the temperature in a housing of the junction box.
  • the measurement system may acquire performance data of the assembly, such as the current in a string or the voltage across a string or, for example, the current flow in the boost converter and the voltage at the input of the boost converter and / or the current flow from the boost converter and the voltage at the output of the boost converter , Parts of the measuring system, such as a measuring board can be integrated into the housing of the terminal box.
  • the assembly according to the invention has a control that carries out control interventions on actuators of the assembly based on the measurements of the measuring system.
  • the up-converter may be preceded by an MPP tracking module which determines the optimum operating point of the
  • the MPP tracking module intervenes on an actuator, such as an adjustable resistor provided in the terminal box, varies resistance, and iteratively and iteratively checks iteratively which position of the actuator provides the best performance of the boost converter.
  • the MPP tracking module can also be configured in such a way that the optimum operating point is sought by changing the setting of the up-converter, for example by controlling the switches of the up-converter, and the MPP tracking module is designed only as an evaluation unit which measures the power of the up-converter With a first set of setting checks, the boost converter's performance checks with a different set of settings, and finally the
  • a DC contactor is integrated in the terminal box.
  • an overcurrent protection device can be provided, which in combination with a Current measurement can cause the DC contactor triggers from a pre-defined variable variable current on the DC contactor.
  • the tripping characteristic can be determined and adjusted by an electronic circuit, or realized by software in a control unit.
  • the DC contactor is also controllable from outside the assembly according to the invention, for example via a cable or via radio.
  • the triggering of the DC contactor can also be formed by a key switch or a pressure switch.
  • the terminal box may in a preferred embodiment, a metallic
  • a metallic or partially metallic housing can serve to take over a cooling capacity.
  • the housing may, in a preferred embodiment, comprise a body in which the electronics are housed and a pedestal on which the carcass stands. It is also possible that the housing is suspended, for example, mounted on a wall.
  • the terminal box on quick connectors, such as plugs, on which the ends of the strands can be connected, or to which an output power can be connected. It is also conceivable to make the connection of the cable to the terminal box by means of a combination of bolt and cable lug. The bolt is screwed into a live thread and transmits the current through the bolt and the cable lug at the end of the cable to the cable.
  • terminals of the connection box can be terminal blocks (V
  • Terminals may be provided.
  • the parallel connection of the strands takes place within the junction box.
  • the terminal box may have a plurality of inputs, for example. Quick connections, into which the ends of the strands are inserted, wherein the quick connectors are connected in the terminal box so that there is a parallel connection of the strands.
  • the assembly is designed such that individual strands can be removed from the parallel circuit, for example by opening switches provided in the strands.
  • the boost converter is independent and does not require any information or communications between the inverter and the boost converter.
  • the inventive system for generating a direct current or an alternating current know at least one first assembly according to the invention and at least one second inventive assembly and a DC bus system, wherein the output of the terminal box of the first module is connected to the DC bus system and the output of
  • Terminal box of the second module is connected to the DC bus system.
  • the DC bus system has a constant voltage.
  • a constant output voltage can be generated at the terminal boxes, which is equal to the voltage of the DC bus system selected as constant in a preferred embodiment.
  • an inverter connected to the DC bus system may be a constant one
  • the voltage at the input of, or the inverter and the output voltage at the terminal boxes can be detected, compared and possibly readjusted to keep the voltage of the DC bus system at the inverter input constant ,
  • At least one inverter is connected to the DC bus system to which DC power is supplied from the DC bus system via a terminal and generates an AC current therefrom.
  • multiple inverters may be connected to the DC bus system.
  • In a supplementary or alternative embodiment may be attached to the
  • the system according to the invention can be used to generate a direct current, namely when the DC load is connected to this terminal.
  • a direct current consumer an energy storage medium is understood.
  • a battery can be connected to this port.
  • the DC bus system is arranged outside a housing, in particular arranged outside a housing of a terminal box.
  • the DC bus system is arranged outside a housing, in particular arranged outside a housing of a terminal box.
  • the DC bus system used to connect a junction box with a DC consumers and / or an inverter to connect, which are arranged in a different housing and which are particularly preferably spaced from the housing of the junction box.
  • the length of at least one line of the DC bus system is longer than the length, width and / or height of a terminal box, and more preferably longer than 0.5m, more preferably longer than 1m, more preferably longer than 5m and above all preferably longer than 10m.
  • the DC bus system connects a junction box and an inverter or DC load if the inverter or DC load is more than 1m, more preferably more than 5m, more preferably more than 10m and most preferably more than 20m of the Terminal box are removed.
  • the length of the shortest connection cable of the power generator closest to the terminal box to the terminal box is shorter than the length of the shortest line forming part of the DC bus system.
  • the length of the shortest connecting cable of the energy generator closest to the connection box with the connection box is shorter than 5 m, in particular equal to or shorter than 3 m, particularly preferably less than 1 m.
  • the connection cable is understood in particular to be the cable which leaves the energy generator, for example the photovoltaic module, and extends to a connection to the connection box. Its length is the length from leaving the power generator, eg. From leaving the housing of the power generator to the entrance into the junction box or a connection box upstream of any collection point where the strands are connected in parallel before entering the junction box. Such a collection point is also understood as “entry into the connection box" or “connection to the connection box” for the purpose of simplifying the description.
  • connection to the terminal box is also understood both a provided on the housing of the terminal box connector to which a strand is connected, as well as a passage opening for a cable of the strand understood.
  • the cable may have intermediate plugs.
  • a cable leading out of the power generator having a plug is connected to a cable leading out of the terminal box and having a plug.
  • the line thus formed is also understood as a connection cable.
  • the string of series-connected power generators may be configured to extend in a direction away from the terminal box from a starting point near the terminal box.
  • the end of the strand at the starting point is connected to the junction box, usually via the shortest connecting cable.
  • a cable is provided at the end of the strand remote from the junction box, which is returned to the junction box to complete the series connection.
  • this returning cable has a length of more than 30 meters, more preferably more than 40 meters.
  • this returning cable has a length of less than 190 meters, more preferably less than 180 meters.
  • the string of series-connected power generator can be designed so that it from a terminal box near starting point in the manner of a loop, for example, in the form of two mutually parallel sub-strands (leading sub-strand, trailing sub-strand) to a End point extends, which is also located near the terminal box.
  • Both the end of the strand at the starting point and the end of the strand at the end point are preferably connected to each other with approximately equal short connecting cables, preferably with connecting cables of the length of the shortest connecting cable described in detail above.
  • the DC bus system is designed as a daisy chain, particularly preferably as a daisy chain in the ring.
  • a "daisy chain” refers to a number of hardware components which are connected in series, namely in the form of a bus system, whereby a first component, here a first connection box, is directly via the bus with the inverter or the DC load.
  • the other components such as the other inverters or DC consumers or
  • the other terminal boxes are also connected to their predecessors (series connection principle), so that a chain is created (therefore “daisy-chain") .
  • the signal to and from one component now goes through its predecessor to the first inverter, or until the first direct current
  • a daisy-chain structure it is possible to redirect power flows (currents) .Through a DC switching point coupled to the electronic components of the boost converter, the ring can be interrupted in a defined manner and a faulty segment, eg a cable, can be disconnected
  • the DC bus also allows the entire
  • the DC voltage switching point can also be used for activation during maintenance work.
  • the DC voltage switching point is electronically protected against automatic restart.
  • the system connected in this way may be able to remove faulty line segments or terminal boxes from the system (to be disconnected from the DC bus).
  • This can be implemented in particular preferably as follows: It can in normal operation, before the boost cycle, so before the conductive phase of the power semiconductor switch of the boost converter begins, ie in the dead time (off) an insulation measurement (voltage QC + to ground, DC against Earth).
  • the dead time (time-out) of the power semiconductor switch of the boost converter is often about 170 [is and for an insulation measurement usually 3 to 4 ⁇ are needed, the implementation of such a measurement is not critical.
  • the measurement result of the insulation measurement can be reported back to an evaluation unit. This allows insulation faults to be detected on the DC cables (input and output side of the terminal box).
  • Monitoring the output current of the boost converter provides detection (overshoot) of limit and threshold values as well as the change (increase) in the current.
  • the integrated controller can now be based on this
  • a disconnect function on the DC side can be achieved by DC switches in each path (DC +, DC-, DC "0", etc.). These are preferably designed as motorized DC switches or DC circuit breakers with a switching capacity of up to 500 A. To control these switching points, the control electronics of the
  • Boost unit boost converter
  • switching outputs can be, for example, semiconductor switches or relays.
  • connection point In order to realize the function of the separation of faulty line segments of the DC bus, a corresponding arrangement of the DC switching elements is to be selected. This is as follows: In each path and here for each connection point (line), such a DC switching point is to be integrated. All connection points of each path must be connected to the jumpers to the jumpers and to the corresponding path of the push-up unit.
  • the voltage and the current are detected at each terminal box of the DC bus system.
  • the components of the string monitoring can be read out, the data can be evaluated and forwarded.
  • an internal communication bus e.g. RS485 or CAN, to which the
  • Measuring system can be connected.
  • the DC bus system allows the generation-dependent switching on / off of inverters, if several inverters are provided in the DC bus system. Thus, the inverters can be operated at their (optimum) operating points for the majority of the time - the efficiency of the system increases.
  • the individual terminal boxes can also be removed from the bus.
  • the assembly, or the system is modular. Multiple in the assembly, or provided in the system components are identical.
  • the up-converter of the system according to the invention is designed such that it interleaved a two-channel boost
  • the boost converter can be designed such that it carries out a two-channel boosting by means of bipolar interconnection of the generating units.
  • the boost converter can be designed such that it carries out a two-channel boosting by means of bipolar interconnection of the generating units.
  • Terminal boxes can be separated from the DC bus, for example by means of switches provided on the output side of the terminal boxes. In this way, a malfunctioning terminal box can be removed from the system.
  • Up-converter upstream MPP tracking module in terms of the best
  • the operating point of the boost converter, combined with a boost converter boost, resulting in a constant output DC voltage on the boost converter, has the advantage of optimizing power generation at each boost converter and already feeding the optimally achievable DC power into the bus. This can be done at a
  • Embodiment of the system according to the invention with an inverter for example, be waived to make an MPP tracking respect.
  • An optimal operating point of the inverter In a preferred embodiment, the constant output voltage of the boost converter and thus of the junction box described by the variable specification of a desired value is adjustable. Thus, an adjustment of the output voltage is given to the downstream inverter. Due to the constant voltage and its adjustability, the inverter can be operated in a fixed constant operating point. The voltage value of this inverter operating point can be taken from characteristics of the inverter manufacturer.
  • the optimum operating point for each terminal box is chosen.
  • the MPP tracking (finding the operating point) can be done much faster than in a central inverter.
  • PWM controls are often used in central inverters to slowly perform MPP tracking.
  • these frequencies are 3 kHz to 17 kHz.
  • Performing an MPP tracking on the connection box could, for example, be done with faster PWM control, for example those operating at 10 kHz to 100 kHz.
  • MPP tracking in the boost converter is expected to have a lower voltage swing range. Therefore, the MPP algorithm must perform fewer iterative steps to find the optimum operating point at the time. This also allows a higher speed of tracking implement. In the inverter, this functionality can be omitted, this then only regulates to a fixed input value.
  • the system has a control in which an algorithm for line length detection is implemented for the automatic regulation of the output voltage level to the limit voltage of the inverter.
  • an algorithm for line length detection is implemented for the automatic regulation of the output voltage level to the limit voltage of the inverter. The following procedure can be followed: During commissioning of the system, the cable length between terminal box and
  • Inverter is automatically detected by applying various pulses (bursts) to the Be given line section. These pulses are reflected at the line end (inverter) and run back to the starting point (connection box). The line length can now be determined from the propagation times of the pulses. If the values of the parameters line cross section and conductor material are specified for the algorithm, the expected value can be determined from these and the line length
  • the system has a complete monitoring of the system with reference to VDE0100-712 (DIN IEC 60364-7-7 2), so that no line protection is required on the output side.
  • VDE0100-712 DIN IEC 60364-7-7 2
  • the up-converter a component with
  • the maximum phase voltage may temporarily exceed the voltage of the DC bus system, as the combined up-converter with chopper function holds the strand voltage.
  • a simultaneously integrated, secondary control on the current limit the maximum supply current in the DC bus system and can thus detect and limit insulation and short circuit errors.
  • the inverter can be designed such that it separates away a back-energized line in the event of a fault.
  • the assembly according to the invention, or the system according to the invention is provided at least one electronic or electromechanical separation unit.
  • the assembly according to the invention, or the system according to the invention is a communication interface for maintenance and data logging provided.
  • the communication interface for maintenance and data logging can be provided on a component of the assembly according to the invention, preferably the connection box.
  • the communication interface for maintenance and data logging can be provided, for example, in the area of the inverter.
  • the communication interface for maintenance and data logging is particularly preferably connected to a communication network of the system that can be read at the communication interface for maintenance and data logging data, which are read by measuring points that have been detected at different measuring locations of the system.
  • one or the above-described communication interface is designed for remote action, for example by incorporating a telecommunication connection. In this way, the release of certain modules, or the entire system, but also the installation of updates and the data logging done from outside.
  • the assembly according to the invention or the system according to the invention has a communication interface for connecting a visual service unit, such as a monitor.
  • This visual service unit may be useful, for example, in the maintenance of the plant or in the commissioning of the plant.
  • the assembly according to the invention and / or the system according to the invention comprises means for the electronic activation and locking of the assembly per se, of individual components of the assembly, such as a string or the system. These means are preferably triggered from the outside, for example in an accident or at the beginning of a maintenance cycle.
  • the assembly or the system according to the invention has a display unit, preferably an externally visible display unit, which has one or more of the following properties:
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the inventive system for generating an alternating current
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a measured value at a
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a unipolar interconnection of
  • Terminal box with an inverter Fig. 6a
  • b) are schematic representations of two embodiments of a bipolar interconnection of the junction box with an inverter
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of DC switching points on the
  • Fig. 8 a), b), c) d) is a perspective, schematic view from the front on a
  • Terminal box a perspective, schematic view from the rear of a terminal box, a first embodiment of a connection variant for a DC output in a schematic, disassembled view and a second embodiment of a connection variant for a DC output,
  • Fig. 9 a), b), c) is a perspective, schematic view from the front of another
  • Embodiment of a terminal box a perspective, schematic view from the rear of this embodiment and a side view of this embodiment and
  • 10 a), b) is a perspective, schematic view from the front of a hanging mounted further embodiment of a connection box, a perspective and a side view of this embodiment.
  • the topology of a photovoltaic system known from practice, shown in FIG. 1, has four strands 1, 2, 3, 4. Each strand 1, 2, 3, 4 has three series-connected to each other power generator 5, 6, 7 in the form of photovoltaic modules.
  • the strand 1 and the strand 2 are connected in parallel to a terminal box 8.
  • the strand 3, and the strand 4 are connected in parallel to a junction box 9.
  • the terminal box 8 has a DC main cable 10, which is fed to a first input terminals of an input terminal field of the inverter 11.
  • connection box 9 has a second direct current main cable 12, which is led to a further input terminal of the input terminal field of the inverter 11.
  • the inverter generates an alternating current from the direct currents supplied to it.
  • a first strand 21 and a second strand 22 are provided, as well as a third strand 23.
  • the strands 21, 22, 23 have energy generators which are made of electromagnetic radiation, namely solar rays to generate a direct current, namely photovoltaic modules 25, 26, 27 the
  • Photovoltaic modules 25, 26, 27 of the first strand are connected in series with each other.
  • the photovoltaic modules 25, 26, 27 of the second strand 22 are connected in series and the photovoltaic modules 25, 26, 27 of the third strand 23 connected in series.
  • the first strand 21 and the second strand 22 are connected in parallel to an input of a connection box 28.
  • connection box 29 The connection box 28 has an up-converter 33.
  • the terminal box 29 also has an up-converter 34.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 has a DC bus system 35. To the DC bus system 35 inverters 36, 37 are connected and the terminal boxes 28, 29th
  • FIG. 3 shows the embodiments of the DC bus system as a daisy chain.
  • Embodiment of the inventive system for generating an alternating current has a first strand 41 and a second strand 42 and a third strand 43 and a fourth strand 44.
  • the strands 41, 42, 43, 44 have energy generators, which can generate direct current from electromagnetic radiation, namely solar rays, namely the photovoltaic modules 45, 46, 47 of the first strand 41 are connected in series with each other.
  • the photovoltaic Modules 45, 46, 47 of the second strand 42 connected in series and the photovoltaic modules 45, 46, 47 of the third strand 43 connected in series and the photovoltaic modules 45, 46, 47 of the fourth strand 44 connected in series.
  • the first strand 41 and the second strand 42 are connected in parallel to an input of a connection box 48.
  • the third strand 43 and the fourth strand 44 are connected in parallel to an input of a connection box 49.
  • the connection box 48 has an up-converter 53.
  • the terminal box 49 also has an up-converter 54.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 has a DC bus system 55, which is designed as a daisy-chain. To the DC bus system 55 inverters 56, 57 are connected and the junction boxes 48, 49th
  • Fig. 4 shows that the system according to the invention can be provided with a system for measured value detection. This is for example on the
  • Inverter 56 a measuring unit 60 for detecting current and voltage provided. Likewise, a measuring device 61 for detecting current and voltage is provided in the connection box 53. Via a communication line 62, the measured values thus acquired can be supplied to an evaluation unit (not shown).
  • connection box 100 has an up-converter 102.
  • the boost converter 102 has a positive pole output and a negative pole output of the junction box 100 within the junction box
  • connection box 100 connected (via lines not shown).
  • the positive pole output of the connection box 100 is connected to a positive pole input of the inverter 101 via a line 103.
  • the negative pole output of the connection box 100 is connected to a negative pole input of the inverter 101 via a line 104.
  • FIG. 6 a shows a possibility of a bipolar interconnection of a connection box 110 with an inverter 111.
  • the connection box 110 has an up-converter 112.
  • the boost converter 102 is connected to a positive pole output, a ground output and a negative pole output of the junction box 100 within the junction box 100 (via lines not shown).
  • the positive pole output of the terminal box 110 is connected to a positive pole input of the inverter 111 via a line 113.
  • the ground output of the terminal box 110 is connected to a ground input of the inverter 111 via a line 115.
  • the negative pole output of the connection box 110 is connected to a negative pole input of the inverter 1 11 via a line 4.
  • FIG. 6 b) shows a further possibility of bipolar shading of a connection box 120 with an inverter 121.
  • the connection box 120 has an up-converter 122.
  • the boost converter 122 is connected to a positive pole output, a ground output, and a negative pole output of the junction box 120 within the junction box 120 (not shown)
  • the positive pole output of the connection box 120 is connected to a positive pole input of the inverter 121 via a line 123.
  • the ground output of junction box 120 is grounded.
  • the ground input of the inverter 121 is grounded.
  • the negative pole output of the connection box 120 is connected to a negative pole input of the inverter 121 via a line 124.
  • FIG. 7 shows a possibility of providing switching points 130, 131, 132 at the outputs of the connection box 133.
  • the connection box 133 has an up-converter 134. This has a positive pole output, a ground output and a negative pole output.
  • the positive pole output is connected via a cable 135 to an internal busbar and above with parallel outgoing switches 131, 141.
  • the ground output is connected via a cable 137 to an internal busbar and above with parallel outgoing switches 132, 142.
  • the negative pole output is via a cable 139 with an internal
  • each associated switch 141, 142, 143 in the closed state connects one end of a DC cable 147, 148, 149, each with a pole (positive-pole output, ground output, negative pole output).
  • FIG. 7 further shows that the system has a further connection box 150, which is constructed in a comparable manner to the connection box 130. In each case another end of the
  • DC cable 147, 148, 149 can be connected via the switches 151, 152, 153 to the respective internal busbar of the junction box 150.
  • Fig. 8 a shows a first connection variant of a DC cable to a DC output of a junction box 160.
  • connection variant components include a bolt 161, the DC cable 162, a lug 163 attached to the DC cable 162, and a threaded bore 164.
  • the threaded bore 164 represents a positive pole, the ground, or negative pole of the DC output of the junction box 160.
  • the bolt 161 will through the opening of the
  • Fig. 8 b) shows a second connection variant for DC cables to a
  • the terminal box 160 terminal blocks 165, 166, for example, cage or V-terminals.
  • the positive potential is applied to the terminal block 165 and the negative potential of the terminal box 160 to the terminal block 166.
  • a first DC cable 167 is connected to the terminal 165, a second
  • Fig. 8 c shows the front of the housing of an embodiment of the terminal box 160.
  • This housing has a base 170, with which it stands on the floor. On the base 170 of the body 171 of the terminal box 160 sits.
  • the body 171 has a hinged door 172 on one side. In the door a display 173 is integrated.
  • FIG. 8 d shows the rear side of the housing of the connection box 160. There it can be seen that the body 171 has a heat sink 174 on its rear side.
  • FIG. 8 d) shows the DC cables, for example the DC cables 167, 168, can be continued underground from the terminal box 160.
  • Fig. 9 a) shows the front side of the housing of an embodiment of the
  • Terminal box 180 This housing has a base 181 with which it stands on the floor.
  • the body 182 of the connection box 180 is seated on the base 181.
  • the body 182 has a double-leaf door 183.
  • a display 184 is integrated in a door leaf.
  • FIG. 9 b shows the rear side of the housing of the connection box 180. There it can be seen that the body 182 has a heat sink 185 on its rear side.
  • Fig. 9 c shows the side of the housing of the junction box 180. It can be seen four openings 186 in the housing. These serve for example as
  • Fig. 10 b shows the side of the housing of the junction box 190. It can be seen four openings 191 in the housing. These serve, for example, as DC voltage inputs for the terminal box. For example, on the upper two inputs, the plus and the minus end of a first strand and on the lower two inputs, the plus and the minus end of a second strand are placed. The unipolar ends of the strings are connected in the terminal box, so that there is a parallel connection of the strands at the entrance of the terminal box. Furthermore, you can see the wall bracket 192 of the housing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un module d'une installation pour produire un courant continu ou un courant alternatif, comprenant au moins une première branche et une deuxième branche. Selon l'invention : la première branche présente au moins deux éléments de production d'énergie connectés en série et la deuxième branche présente au moins un élément de production d'énergie; au moins les éléments de production d'énergie de la première branche produisent un courant continu à partir de rayonnement électromagnétique, de rayonnement thermique, de courants de fluides ou de biomasse, ou sont des piles à combustible qui produisent du courant continu; la première et la deuxième branche sont connectées, en parallèle, à une entrée d'un boîtier de connexion et le boîtier de connexion présente un convertisseur élévateur de tension au moyen duquel la tension continue d'entrée appliquée à l'entrée du boîtier de connexion par connexion à la première et à la deuxième branche, est convertie en une tension continue de sortie appliquée à la sortie du boîtier de connexion, la tension continue de sortie étant supérieure à la tension continue d'entrée.
PCT/EP2013/001431 2012-05-16 2013-05-15 Module d'une installation pour produire un courant continu ou un courant alternatif et installation pour produire un courant continu ou un courant alternatif WO2013170958A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13730100.8A EP2850714A2 (fr) 2012-05-16 2013-05-15 Module d'une installation pour produire un courant continu ou un courant alternatif et installation pour produire un courant continu ou un courant alternatif

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201210009761 DE102012009761A1 (de) 2012-05-16 2012-05-16 Baugruppe einer Anlage zum Erzeugen eines Gleichstroms oder eines Wechselstroms und Anlage zum Erzeugen eines Gleichstroms oder eines Wechselstroms
DE102012009761.1 2012-05-16
DE102012015203 2012-08-03
DE102012015203.5 2012-08-03

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WO2013170958A2 true WO2013170958A2 (fr) 2013-11-21
WO2013170958A3 WO2013170958A3 (fr) 2014-01-09

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EP (1) EP2850714A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE202013011142U1 (fr)
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Cited By (1)

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DE102020126263A1 (de) 2020-10-07 2022-04-07 Hochschule Osnabrück Photovoltaikeinrichtung und Computerprogramm hierzu

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010002960A1 (fr) 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 Satcon Technology Corporation Microconvertisseur continu/continu photovoltaïque

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US8217534B2 (en) * 2009-05-20 2012-07-10 General Electric Company Power generator distributed inverter
US8922061B2 (en) * 2010-03-22 2014-12-30 Tigo Energy, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting and correcting a suboptimal operation of one or more inverters in a multi-inverter system

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010002960A1 (fr) 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 Satcon Technology Corporation Microconvertisseur continu/continu photovoltaïque

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020126263A1 (de) 2020-10-07 2022-04-07 Hochschule Osnabrück Photovoltaikeinrichtung und Computerprogramm hierzu

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DE202013011142U1 (de) 2014-01-31
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