WO2013167060A2 - 智能终端充电保护装置及智能终端 - Google Patents

智能终端充电保护装置及智能终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013167060A2
WO2013167060A2 PCT/CN2013/079734 CN2013079734W WO2013167060A2 WO 2013167060 A2 WO2013167060 A2 WO 2013167060A2 CN 2013079734 W CN2013079734 W CN 2013079734W WO 2013167060 A2 WO2013167060 A2 WO 2013167060A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
voltage
module
protection device
charger
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PCT/CN2013/079734
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2013167060A3 (zh
Inventor
刘世伟
宁金星
马彦青
赵战克
李朝晖
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013167060A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013167060A2/zh
Publication of WO2013167060A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013167060A3/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0034—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using reverse polarity correcting or protecting circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L27/0203—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits
    • H01L27/0248—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection
    • H01L27/0251—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices
    • H01L27/0266—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices using field effect transistors as protective elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a smart terminal communication technology, and in particular, to a smart terminal charging protection device and an intelligent terminal. Background technique
  • the charger interfaces of most smart terminals are designed as USB interfaces, which may cause users to use or misuse each charger when using different smart terminal products.
  • the charger output voltage is different. If overvoltage occurs during charging (ie, the charger output voltage exceeds the rated voltage range of the smart terminal battery) or reverse insertion (ie, the polarity of the charger and the smart terminal is reversed), even when reverse plugging, the current is reversed (hereinafter referred to as reverse irrigation). Phenomenon, these can cause the charger output voltage to be abnormal, which can damage the charging path or affect the service life of the battery or even the intelligent terminal.
  • VIN is the output voltage of the charger
  • VOUT is the output voltage of the charge protection circuit
  • D1 is the diode.
  • This circuit can easily realize anti-reverse insertion and anti-backflow protection functions, but it has the following disadvantages: First, due to the existence of diode voltage drop, the actual charging voltage of the intelligent terminal is much lower than the charger output voltage, which reduces the charging efficiency; When overvoltage occurs during charging, there is no overvoltage protection capability, which causes damage to the intelligent terminal.
  • the second technique of the prior art is to protect the charging port of the smart terminal by adding a dedicated overvoltage protection chip, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • VIN is the output voltage of the charger
  • VOUT is the charge
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a smart terminal charging protection device and an intelligent terminal, which have anti-back-plug protection, over-voltage protection and anti-backflow protection functions, improve the safety and reliability of intelligent terminal charging, and extend The life of the smart terminal battery or even its own.
  • the present invention provides a smart terminal charging protection device, the device comprising: an anti-reverse insertion protection module, a voltage division routing module, and an end switch module, which are sequentially connected in series, and the end switch module includes a blocking circuit. And strobe circuit; wherein:
  • the anti-reverse insertion protection module is disposed between the charger output end and the voltage dividing circuit selection module, and is configured to block the charger output end and the voltage dividing circuit selection module when the charger output end is reversely inserted;
  • the voltage dividing circuit selection module is configured to select a blocking circuit to the end switch module when the charging path is overvoltage, and disconnect the charging path; when the charger output end is not reversely inserted and the charging path is not overvoltage, the path is selected to The strobe circuit of the end switch module turns on the charging path.
  • the end switch module is further configured to provide anti-backflow protection for the charging path.
  • the anti-back-plug protection module includes a third diode, an anode of the third diode is connected to the output of the charger, and a cathode is connected to the voltage dividing module.
  • the voltage dividing circuit module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first N-type metal oxide semiconductor NMOS transistor, a second NMOS transistor, and a third P-type metal oxide semiconductor PMOS transistor.
  • One end of the first resistor is connected to the output end of the anti-reverse protection module, and the other end is connected to one end of the second resistor.
  • One end of the second resistor is connected to the first resistor, and the other end is grounded.
  • One end of the third resistor is connected to the anti-reverse protection.
  • the output end of the module is connected to the drain of the first NMOS transistor, the gate of the second NMOS transistor, and the gate of the third PMOS transistor, and the gate of the first NMOS transistor is connected between the first and second resistors
  • the source is grounded, the drain of the second NMOS transistor is connected to the drain of the third PMOS transistor, the source is grounded, and the source of the third PMOS transistor is connected to the charger Output.
  • the end switch module includes a first PMOS transistor and a second PMOS transistor, and the gates of the first and second PMOS transistors are both connected to the output end of the voltage dividing circuit module, and the sources of the first and second PMOS transistors The poles are connected to each other, the drain of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the charger output, and the drain of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the charging port of the smart terminal.
  • the first PMOS transistor and the second PMOS transistor respectively comprise first and second diodes, and the first and second diodes are in a back-to-back docking state against backflow.
  • the voltage dividing circuit module selects a blocking circuit to the end switch module, and disconnects the charging path, including:
  • the first and second resistors divide the first NMOS transistor, the second NMOS transistor and the third PMOS transistor gate are pulled low, the second NMOS transistor is turned off, and the third PMOS transistor is turned off. Turning on, the voltage drop between the gates of the first and second PMOS transistors turns off both the first and second PMOS transistors.
  • the voltage dividing circuit module is connected to the strobe circuit of the end switch module when the charger output terminal is not reversely inserted and the charging path is not overvoltage, and the charging path is turned on, including:
  • the third diode When the output end of the charger is not reversely inserted and the charging path is not overvoltage, the third diode is turned on, and the first and second resistors divide the voltage to turn off the first NMOS transistor, and the drain of the first NMOS transistor is at a high level.
  • the voltage at the third resistor turns on the second NMOS transistor, the third PMOS transistor is turned off, the gates of the first and second PMOS transistors are pulled low, and the first and second PMOS transistors are both turned on.
  • the present invention also provides an intelligent terminal in which the charging protection device as described above is provided.
  • the smart terminal is a personal digital assistant PDA, a personal computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, a video phone, a game machine, an electronic photo album, and a video conference terminal.
  • the technical scheme of the invention enables the anti-reverse insertion protection module, the voltage division routing module and the end switch module to effectively play their respective roles in the charging protection device, thereby realizing the control of charging the intelligent terminal, And protection during reverse insertion, overpressure and backfilling.
  • the technical solution of the invention saves cost, improves the security and reliability of charging of the smart terminal, and prolongs the service life of the smart terminal battery and even the intelligent terminal.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural connection diagram of a charging protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charging process of a charging protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a charging protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a charging process of a corresponding circuit of a charging protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 3 is a structural connection diagram of a charging protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the charging protection device is connected between the charger output end 31 and the intelligent terminal charging port 35, and includes anti-reverse insertion in series.
  • the anti-reverse insertion protection module 32 is disposed between the charger output end 31 and the voltage dividing circuit selection module 33, and is configured to directly block and divide the voltage selection when the charger and the smart terminal are reversed in polarity (ie, reversely inserted).
  • the connection of the circuit module 33 since the charging path is blocked at this time, the voltage dividing circuit module 33 has no current flowing, so that no overvoltage occurs; and when the power is not reversed, the anti-reverse protection module 32 is turned on.
  • the connection of the routing circuit module 33 is performed.
  • the voltage dividing circuit selection module 33 is disposed between the anti-reverse insertion protection module 32 and the end switch module 34, and configured to be configured when the charger output voltage exceeds the rated voltage range (ie, overvoltage) of the smart terminal battery.
  • the circuit is switched to the blocking circuit of the end switch module 34 by the voltage dividing function, and the charging path is disconnected; when the output end of the charger is not reversely inserted and the charging path is not over-pressed, the circuit is also switched to the end switch module 34 by the voltage dividing function.
  • the strobe circuit turns on the charging path. It can be seen that the function of the partial pressure is to achieve the controllability of the abnormal charging protection or normal charging of the end switch module 34 by routing.
  • the end switch module 34 is disposed between the voltage dividing circuit module 33 and the smart terminal charging port 35.
  • the end switch module 34 includes a blocking circuit and a gating circuit configured to finally turn off or turn on the charging path according to the above-described condition of the anti-reverse protection module 32 and the voltage dividing circuit module 33.
  • the voltage dividing circuit selection module 33 is selected to the blocking circuit of the end switch module 34, and the charging path is disconnected; otherwise, when the output end of the charger is not inserted and charged When the path is not overvoltage, the charging path is turned on.
  • the modular features of the module provide anti-backflow protection for the charging path.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charging process of a charging protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, a charging process of a charging protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 401 After the charger is connected to the smart terminal through the charging protection device, the charging protection device first checks the normality of the charger, including reverse insertion and overvoltage.
  • Step 402 Determine whether the charger is reverse inserted. If the interpolation is reversed, step 404 is performed; otherwise, step 403 is performed;
  • Step 403 Determine whether the charger is overvoltage. If overvoltage, step 404 is performed; otherwise, step 405 is performed;
  • Step 404 The charging protection device disconnects the charging path
  • Step 405 The charging protection device turns on the charging path and performs normal charging.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a charging protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, VIN is an output voltage of a charger, and VOUT is an output voltage of the charging protection circuit.
  • the anti-reverse protection module 51 includes a third diode D3 having an anode connected to the charger output and a cathode connected to the voltage dividing module.
  • the voltage dividing circuit module 52 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first N-type metal oxide semiconductor NMOS transistor N1, a second NMOS transistor N2, and a third P-type metal oxide semiconductor PMOS transistor.
  • R1 is connected to the output of the anti-reverse protection module, the other end is connected to one end of R2, R2 is connected to R1, the other end is grounded, R3 is connected to the output of the anti-reverse protection module, and the other end is connected
  • the drain of N1, the gate of N2, and the gate of P3 are connected.
  • the gate of N1 is connected to R1 and R2, the source is grounded, the drain of N2 is connected to the drain of P3, and the source is grounded.
  • P3 The source is connected to the charger output.
  • the end switch module 53 includes a first PMOS transistor P1 and a second PMOS transistor P2.
  • P1 and P2 constitute the blocking circuit and the strobe circuit, and the gates of P1 and P2 are connected to the output end of the voltage dividing and routing module 52.
  • the sources of P1 and P2 are connected to each other, the drain of P1 is connected to the output of the charger, and the drain of P2 is connected to the charging port of the smart terminal.
  • Pl and P2 When a high level occurs, Pl and P2 are turned off, no path is formed between VIN and VOUT, so it is called a blocking circuit.
  • Pl and P2 When a low level is made to make Pl and P2 turn on, a path is formed between VIN and VOUT, so it is called strobe. Circuit.
  • N2 and P3 of the voltage dividing circuit selection module 52 form a push-pull structure, and the N2 and P3 of the push-pull structure are cut off or turned on by the voltage division of R1 and R2, and further realized by routing.
  • the end switch module 53 turns off or on P1, P2, and finally realizes the abnormal charging protection or normal charging of the smart terminal: When Pl, P2 are cut off, there is no path between VIN and VOUT, the charger is not charged; when Pl, P2 lead When passing, a path is formed between VIN and VOUT, and the output end of the charger is turned on to the charging port of the smart terminal to perform charging.
  • the cathodes of the parasitic diodes D1 and D2 of P1 and P2 are connected together in a back-to-back state to ensure that the paths between VIN and VOUT are completely cut off when P1 and P2 are cut off, and the anti-reverse insertion and anti-backflow protection functions are realized.
  • Rl, R2 are reasonably selected so that the voltage division of R2 is smaller than the conduction voltage drop of N1 only when the output of the charger is not reversed and the charging path is not overvoltage, assuming the voltage of point X. It is V x , thereby achieving control of the turn-on or turn-off of V x to N1.
  • R3 and these two capacitors form an RC filter. The wave circuit filters out the voltage when the charger voltage momentarily spikes, thereby preventing the occurrence of overvoltage erroneous detection and further improving the reliability of the charging protection circuit.
  • the anti-reverse insertion protection module 51, the voltage division routing module 52 and the end switch module 53 in the charging protection device of the embodiment of the present invention have various circuit implementation manners, and FIG. 5 only shows one The implementation circuit is not to be construed as limiting the technical solution of the present invention.
  • the resistance value of the resistor in the above circuit can be set according to the required cutoff voltage and the required on-voltage of the corresponding circuit of the above-mentioned charging protection device, and the present invention is not limited to the specific value.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a charging process of a corresponding circuit of a charging protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • Normal charging implementation process After the charger is connected to the intelligent terminal through the charging protection circuit, if the charger output end is not reversely inserted and the charging path is not over-voltage, as described above, D3 is turned on, after being divided by Rl and R2, When V x is less than the turn-on voltage drop of N1, N1 is turned off, so that the drain of N1 is at a high level, and the voltage V Y at the point Y at R3 is VIN-V D (V D is the turn-on voltage drop of D3), thereby N2 When it is turned on, P3 is turned off. In this way, the gates of P1 and P2 are pulled low to be turned on, and a path is formed between the charger output terminal VIN and the charging terminal VOUT of the smart terminal to perform a normal charging function for the smart terminal.
  • Anti-reverse insertion and anti-backflow protection implementation process After the charger is connected to the intelligent terminal through the charging protection circuit, if the charger is reversely inserted, VIN is negative pressure, then D3 is reversed, and VIN to ground cannot form a path, then X The voltages of point, Y point and Z point are all GND, Nl, N2 and P3 are all cut off, Pl and P2 are also cut off; and since the parasitic diodes D1 and D2 of P1 and P2 are in a back-to-back state, during the off period of P1 and P2, VIN A current refilling path is not formed between the VOUT and the VOUT, so that the corresponding circuit of the charging protection device of the embodiment of the present invention avoids the phenomenon of current backflow while implementing the anti-reverse insertion protection function for the charger, and realizes charging port for the smart terminal. protection of.
  • Overvoltage protection implementation process When the charger is connected to the intelligent terminal through the charging protection circuit, if the charger is over-voltage, as described above, D3 is turned on, after R1 and R2 are divided, V x is greater than N1. Turning on the voltage drop, when N1 is turned on, the Y point voltage V Y is pulled low, so that N2 is turned off, and P3 is turned on, so that the voltage drop between the source and the gate of P1 and P2 is approximately equal to VIN, so that Pl, P2 By the end, there is no path between VIN and VOUT, which realizes overvoltage protection.
  • the intelligent terminal charging protection circuit has both overvoltage protection, anti-reverse protection and anti-backflow protection.
  • the present invention also describes an intelligent terminal in which the aforementioned charging protection device is provided.
  • the smart terminal can be a personal digital assistant (PDA), a personal computer, a tablet, a mobile phone, a videophone, a game machine, an electronic photo album, a video conferencing terminal, and the like.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • a personal computer a tablet
  • a mobile phone a videophone
  • a game machine a game machine
  • an electronic photo album a video conferencing terminal, and the like.
  • the technical solution of the invention enables the anti-reverse protection module, the voltage division routing module and the end switch module to effectively play their respective roles in the charging protection device, realizes the control of the charging of the intelligent terminal, and the reverse insertion, overvoltage and Protection when pouring.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种智能终端充电保护装置及智能终端，所述充电保护装置连接于充电器与智能终端充电端口之间，包括：防反插保护模块、分压选路模块和末端开关模块。其中，防反插保护模块，用于在充电器输出端反插时，阻断充电器输出端与分压选路模块；分压选路模块，用于在充电通路过压时，选路至末端开关模块的阻断电路，断开充电通路。当充电器输出端反插或充电通路过压时，充电保护装置断开充电通路，实现防反插保护、过压保护及防倒灌保护；否则，充电保护装置接通充电通路，实现正常充电。利用本发明，可节省成本，改善智能终端充电的安全性及可靠性，延长智能终端电池乃至其本身的使用寿命。

Description

智能终端充电保护装置及智能终端 技术领域
本发明涉及智能终端通信技术， 尤其涉及一种智能终端充电保护装置 及智能终端。 背景技术
随着通信技术的飞速发展， 智能终端诸如 Touch、 智能手机、 平板电脑 等逐渐得以普及， 并在全球范围内广受欢迎。 而使用这些智能终端的共性 问题在于需对其内部电池进行充电。
出于良好兼容性的考虑， 多数智能终端的充电器接口均设计为 USB接 口， 这就可能导致用户在使用不同智能终端产品时， 将各个充电器互用或 错用。 而对于不同智能终端， 其充电器输出电压是各不相同的。 如果充电 过程中出现过压 （即充电器输出电压超出智能终端电池的额定电压范围） 或反插（即充电器与智能终端极性接反）， 甚至在反插时伴随电流倒灌（以 下简称倒灌）现象， 这些均会导致充电器输出电压异常， 从而损坏充电通 路， 或影响电池甚至智能终端的使用寿命。
现有技术一是在充电通路中加入二极管， 如图 1所示。 其中， VIN为 充电器的输出电压， VOUT为该充电保护电路的输出电压， D1为二极管。 这种电路可简单实现防反插、 防倒灌保护功能， 但存在以下不足： 一是由 于二极管压降的存在， 使得智能终端的实际充电电压远低于充电器输出电 压， 降低了充电效率； 二是当充电过程中出现过压时， 不具备过压保护能 力， 从而造成对智能终端的损坏。
现有技术二是通过加入专用的过压保护芯片来实现对智能终端充电端 口的保护， 如图 2所示。 其中， VIN为充电器的输出电压， VOUT为该充 电保护电路的输出电压。 这种电路可实现过压保护功能， 但附加的过压保 护芯片， 会提高成本且不具备防反插、 防倒灌保护功能。 发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种智能终端充电保护装置及 智能终端， 同时具备防反插保护、 过压保护及防倒灌保护功能， 提高智能 终端充电的安全性及可靠性， 延长智能终端电池乃至其本身的使用寿命。
为达到上述目的， 本发明提供一种智能终端充电保护装置， 所述装置 包括： 依次串接的防反插保护模块、 分压选路模块、 末端开关模块， 所述 末端开关模块包括阻断电路及选通电路； 其中：
防反插保护模块， 设置于充电器输出端和分压选路模块之间， 配置为 在充电器输出端反插时， 阻断充电器输出端与分压选路模块；
分压选路模块， 配置为在充电通路过压时， 选路至末端开关模块的阻 断电路， 断开充电通路； 在充电器输出端未反插且充电通路未过压时， 选 路至末端开关模块的选通电路， 接通充电通路。
优选地， 所述末端开关模块， 还配置为为充电通路提供防倒灌保护。
所述防反插保护模块包括第三二极管， 第三二极管的阳极连接至充电 器输出端， 阴极连接至分压模块。
优选地， 所述分压选路模块包括第一电阻、 第二电阻、 第三电阻、 第 一 N型金属氧化物半导体 NMOS管、 第二 NMOS管和第三 P型金属氧化 物半导体 PMOS管， 其中第一电阻一端连接至防反插保护模块的输出端， 另一端连接至第二电阻的一端， 第二电阻一端连接至第一电阻， 另一端接 地， 第三电阻一端连接至防反插保护模块的输出端， 另一端与第一 NMOS 管的漏极、第二 NMOS管的栅极以及第三 PMOS管的栅极连接，第一 NMOS 管的栅极连接至第一、 第二电阻之间， 源极接地， 第二 NMOS管的漏极与 第三 PMOS管的漏极连接， 源极接地， 第三 PMOS管的源极连接至充电器 输出端。
优选地，所述末端开关模块包括第一 PMOS管和第二 PMOS管，第一、 第二 PMOS管的栅极均连接至分压选路模块的输出端， 第一、 第二 PMOS 管的源极彼此连接，第一 PMOS管的漏极连接至充电器输出端，第二 PMOS 管的漏极连接至智能终端的充电端口。
优选地， 所述第一 PMOS管和第二 PMOS管， 分别包含第一、 第二二 极管， 第一、 第二二极管处于防倒灌的背靠背对接状态。
所述分压选路模块在充电通路过压时， 选路至末端开关模块的阻断电 路， 断开充电通路， 包括：
充电通路过压时， 第一、 第二电阻分压使第一 NMOS 管导通， 第二 NMOS管、 第三 PMOS管栅极被拉为低电平， 第二 NMOS管截止、 第三 PMOS管导通， 第一、 第二 PMOS管的栅极间压降使第一、 第二 PMOS管 均截止。
优选地， 所述分压选路模块在充电器输出端未反插且充电通路未过压 时， 选路至末端开关模块的选通电路， 接通充电通路， 包括：
在充电器输出端未反插且充电通路未过压时， 第三二极管导通， 第一、 第二电阻分压使第一 NMOS管截止， 第一 NMOS管的漏极为高电平， 第三 电阻处的电压使第二 NMOS管导通、第三 PMOS管截止，第一、第二 PMOS 管的栅极被拉为低电平， 第一、 第二 PMOS管均导通。
此外， 本发明还提供一种智能终端， 所述智能终端中设置有如上所述 的充电保护装置。
优选地， 所述智能终端为个人数字助理 PDA、 个人电脑、 平板电脑、 手机、 可视电话、 游戏机、 电子相册、 视频会议终端。
本发明技术方案使得防反插保护模块、 分压选路模块和末端开关模块 在充电保护装置中有效发挥各自作用， 实现了对智能终端充电的控制， 以 及在反插、 过压及倒灌时的保护。 与现有技术相比， 本发明技术方案节约 了成本， 改善了智能终端充电的安全性及可靠性， 延长了智能终端电池乃 至智能终端的使用寿命。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术一的充电保护电路；
图 2为现有技术二的充电保护电路；
图 3为本发明实施例的充电保护装置的结构连接图；
图 4为本发明实施例的充电保护装置的充电流程示意图；
图 5为本发明实施例的充电保护装置对应电路图；
图 6为本发明实施例的充电保护装置对应电路的充电流程示意图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的， 技术方案和优点更加清楚明白， 以下举实施例并 参照附图， 对本发明进一步详细说明。
图 3为本发明实施例的充电保护装置的结构连接图， 如图 3所示， 该 充电保护装置连接于充电器输出端 31与智能终端充电端口 35之间， 包括 依次串接的防反插保护模块 32、 分压选路模块 33和末端开关模块 34， 其 中：
防反插保护模块 32，设置于充电器输出端 31和分压选路模块 33之间， 配置为在充电器与智能终端极性接反（即反插） 时， 直接阻断与分压选路 模块 33的连接， 由于此时充电通路被阻断， 分压选路模块 33无电流流经， 因此不会出现过压； 且在未反插时， 接通防反插保护模块 32与分压选路模 块 33的连接。
分压选路模块 33，设置于防反插保护模块 32和末端开关模块 34之间， 配置为在充电器输出电压超出智能终端电池的额定电压范围 （即过压）时， 通过分压作用选路至末端开关模块 34的阻断电路， 断开充电通路； 在充电 器输出端未反插且充电通路未过压时， 同样通过分压作用选路至末端开关 模块 34的选通电路，接通充电通路。 由此可见，分压的作用在于通过选路， 最终实现末端开关模块 34对异常充电保护或正常充电的可控性。
末端开关模块 34， 设置于分压选路模块 33和智能终端充电端口 35之 间。 末端开关模块 34包括阻断电路及选通电路， 配置为根据防反插保护模 块 32、 分压选路模块 33的上述情况， 最终实现充电通路的断开或接通。 当 充电器输出端未反插而充电通路过压时， 分压选路模块 33选路至末端开关 模块 34的阻断电路， 充电通路断开； 反之， 当充电器输出端未反插且充电 通路未过压时， 充电通路接通。 此外， 该模块的结构特征还为充电通路提 供防倒灌保护功能。
图 4为本发明实施例的充电保护装置的充电流程示意图， 如图 4所示， 本发明实施例的充电保护装置的充电流程包括以下步骤：
步骤 401 : 当充电器通过充电保护装置连接智能终端之后， 首先充电保 护装置对充电器的正常性进行检查， 包括反插和过压。
步骤 402: 判断充电器是否反插。 若反插， 则执行步骤 404; 反之， 执 行步骤 403;
步骤 403: 判断充电器是否过压。 若过压， 则执行步骤 404; 反之， 执 行步骤 405;
步骤 404: 充电保护装置断开充电通路；
步骤 405: 充电保护装置接通充电通路， 执行正常充电。
图 5为本发明实施例的充电保护装置对应电路图， 如图 5所示， VIN 为充电器的输出电压， VOUT为该充电保护电路的输出电压。
防反插保护模块 51 包括第三二极管 D3， 其阳极连接充电器输出端， 阴极接至分压模块。 分压选路模块 52包括第一电阻 Rl、 第二电阻 R2、 第三电阻 R3、 第一 N型金属氧化物半导体 NMOS管 Nl、 第二 NMOS管 N2和第三 P型金属 氧化物半导体 PMOS管 P3， 其中 R1 —端连接防反插保护模块的输出端， 另一端接至 R2的一端， R2 —端连接 R1 , 另一端接地， R3—端连接防反 插保护模块的输出端， 另一端与 N1的漏极、 N2的栅极以及 P3的栅极相连 接， N1的栅极接至 Rl、 R2之间， 源极接地， N2的漏极与 P3的漏极相连 接， 源极接地， P3的源极接至充电器输出端。
末端开关模块 53包括第一 PMOS管 P1和第二 PMOS管 P2， Pl、 P2 构成所述阻断电路和选通电路， Pl、 P2的栅极均接至分压选路模块 52的输 出端， Pl、 P2的源极彼此连接， P1 的漏极连接充电器输出端， P2的漏极 接至智能终端的充电端口。 当出现高电平使 Pl、 P2截止时， VIN与 VOUT 间不形成通路， 故称阻断电路； 当出现低电平使 Pl、 P2 导通时， VIN 与 VOUT间形成通路， 故称选通电路。
由图 5所示的结构可知， 分压选路模块 52中 N2、 P3组成推挽结构， 通过 Rl、 R2分压使得该推挽结构的 N2、 P3截止或导通，再通过选路进一 步实现末端开关模块 53中 Pl、 P2的截止或导通， 最终实现智能终端异常 充电保护或正常充电： 当 Pl、 P2截止时， VIN与 VOUT间无通路， 充电 器不进行充电； 当 Pl、 P2导通时， VIN与 VOUT间形成通路， 充电器的 输出端接通智能终端的充电端口， 进行充电。 此外， Pl、 P2的寄生二极管 Dl、 D2的阴极接在一起， 处于背靠背状态， 以保证在 P1和 P2截止时， VIN和 VOUT间通路完全切断， 实现防反插、 防倒灌保护功能。
在分压选路模块 52中， 合理选择 Rl、 R2， 使得仅在充电器输出端未 反插且充电通路未过压时， R2的分压小于 N1的导通压降， 假设 X点的电 压为 Vx， 从而实现 Vx对 N1的导通或截止的控制。 此外， 由于 N1的源漏 之间有寄生电容， N2栅源之间也有寄生电容， R3与这两个电容组成 RC滤 波电路， 从而在充电器电压出现瞬时尖峰时， 将该电压滤掉， 进而防止过 压误检测的发生， 进一步提高了充电保护电路的可靠性。
本领域技术人员应当理解， 本发明实施例的充电保护装置中的防反插 保护模块 51、分压选路模块 52及末端开关模块 53均有多种电路实现方式， 图 5仅示出了一种实现电路， 不应理解为对本发明技术方案的限定。 上述 电路中电阻的阻值， 可根据上述充电保护装置的对应电路需截止电压及需 导通电压的大小而设定， 本发明不限定其具体取值。
图 6为本发明实施例的充电保护装置对应电路的充电流程示意图， 下 面结合图 5和图 6给予详细说明。
正常充电实施过程： 当充电器通过充电保护电路连接智能终端之后， 若充电器输出端未反插且充电通路未过压时， 由上所述， D3导通， 经 Rl、 R2分压后， Vx小于 N1的导通压降， 则 N1截止， 从而 N1的漏极为高电 平， R3处 Y点的电压 VY为 VIN-VD ( VD为 D3的导通压降）， 从而 N2导 通， P3 截止， 这样， Pl、 P2 的栅极被拉为低电平而导通， 充电器输出端 VIN和智能终端的充电端口 VOUT间形成通路， 对智能终端执行正常的充 电功能。
防反插和防倒灌保护的实施过程： 当充电器通过充电保护电路连接智 能终端之后， 若充电器反插， VIN为负压， 则 D3反向截止， VIN至接地端 不能形成通路， 则 X点、 Y点、 Z点电压均为 GND， Nl、 N2和 P3均截止， Pl、 P2也截止； 且由于 Pl、 P2的寄生二极管 Dl、 D2处于背靠背状态， 因此在 Pl、 P2截止期间， VIN与 VOUT之间不会形成电流倒灌通路， 从 而本发明实施例的充电保护装置对应电路在对充电器实现防反插保护功能 的同时， 也避免了出现电流倒灌现象， 实现了对智能终端充电端口的保护。
过压保护的实施过程： 当充电器通过充电保护电路连接智能终端之后， 若充电器过压， 由上所述， D3导通， 经过 Rl、 R2分压后， Vx大于 N1的 导通压降， 这时 N1导通， 则 Y点电压 VY被拉低， 使 N2截止， P3导通， 从而 Pl、 P2的源极和栅极间压降约等于 VIN， 从而 Pl、 P2截止， VIN与 VOUT间无通路， 实现了过压保护功能。
由此可见， 该智能终端充电保护电路同时具备过压保护、 防反插保护 及防倒灌保护。
本发明还记载了一种智能终端， 该智能终端中设置有前述的充电保护 装置。
智能终端可以为个人数字助理（PDA )、 个人电脑、 平板电脑、 手机、 可视电话、 游戏机、 电子相册、 视频会议终端等。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围。
工业实用性
通过本发明的技术方案， 使得防反插保护模块、 分压选路模块和末端 开关模块在充电保护装置中有效发挥各自作用， 实现了对智能终端充电的 控制， 以及在反插、 过压及倒灌时的保护。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种智能终端充电保护装置， 包括： 依次串接的防反插保护模块、 分压选路模块、 末端开关模块， 所述末端开关模块包括阻断电路及选通电 路； 其中：
防反插保护模块， 设置于充电器输出端和分压选路模块之间， 配置为 在充电器输出端反插时， 阻断充电器输出端与分压选路模块；
分压选路模块， 配置为在充电通路过压时， 选路至末端开关模块的阻 断电路， 断开充电通路； 在充电器输出端未反插且充电通路未过压时， 选 路至末端开关模块的选通电路， 接通充电通路。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的充电保护装置， 其中， 所述末端开关模块， 还配置为为充电通路提供防倒灌保护。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的充电保护装置， 其中， 所述防反插保护模块 包括第三二极管， 第三二极管的阳极连接至充电器输出端， 阴极连接至分 压模块。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的充电保护装置， 其中， 所述分压选路模块包 括第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻、第一 N型金属氧化物半导体 NMOS管、 第二 NMOS管和第三 P型金属氧化物半导体 PMOS管，其中第一电阻一端 连接至防反插保护模块的输出端， 另一端连接至第二电阻的一端， 第二电 阻一端连接至第一电阻， 另一端接地， 第三电阻一端连接至防反插保护模 块的输出端， 另一端与第一 NMOS管的漏极、第二 NMOS管的栅极以及第 三 PMOS管的栅极连接，第一 NMOS管的栅极连接至第一、第二电阻之间， 源极接地， 第二 NMOS管的漏极与第三 PMOS管的漏极连接， 源极接地， 第三 PMOS管的源极连接至充电器输出端。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的充电保护装置， 其中， 所述末端开关模块包 括第一 PMOS管和第二 PMOS管， 第一、 第二 PMOS管的栅极均连接至分 压选路模块的输出端， 第一、 第二 PMOS管的源极彼此连接， 第一 PMOS 管的漏极连接至充电器输出端， 第二 PMOS管的漏极连接至智能终端的充 电端口。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的充电保护装置， 其中， 所述第一 PMOS管和 第二 PMOS管， 分别包含第一、 第二二极管， 第一、 第二二极管处于防倒 灌的背靠背对接状态。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的充电保护装置， 其中， 所述分压选路模块在 充电通路过压时， 选路至末端开关模块的阻断电路， 断开充电通路， 包括： 充电通路过压时， 第一、 第二电阻分压使第一 NMOS 管导通， 第二 NMOS管、 第三 PMOS管栅极被拉为低电平， 第二 NMOS管截止、 第三 PMOS管导通， 第一、 第二 PMOS管的栅极间压降使第一、 第二 PMOS管 均截止。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的充电保护装置， 其中， 所述分压选路模块在 充电器输出端未反插且充电通路未过压时， 选路至末端开关模块的选通电 路， 接通充电通路， 包括：
在充电器输出端未反插且充电通路未过压时， 第三二极管导通， 第一、 第二电阻分压使第一 NMOS管截止， 第一 NMOS管的漏极为高电平， 第三 电阻处的电压使第二 NMOS管导通、第三 PMOS管截止，第一、第二 PMOS 管的栅极被拉为低电平， 第一、 第二 PMOS管均导通。
9、 一种智能终端， 所述智能终端中设置有权利要求 1至 8任一项所述 的充电保护装置。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的智能终端， 其中， 所述智能终端为个人数 字助理 PDA、 个人电脑、 平板电脑、 手机、 可视电话、 游戏机、 电子相册、 视频会议终端。
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