WO2013159749A1 - 一种矿井地下水的分布式存储及利用方法 - Google Patents
一种矿井地下水的分布式存储及利用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013159749A1 WO2013159749A1 PCT/CN2013/074902 CN2013074902W WO2013159749A1 WO 2013159749 A1 WO2013159749 A1 WO 2013159749A1 CN 2013074902 W CN2013074902 W CN 2013074902W WO 2013159749 A1 WO2013159749 A1 WO 2013159749A1
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- groundwater
- storage space
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 17
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003895 groundwater pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G5/00—Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/16—Modification of mine passages or chambers for storage purposes, especially for liquids or gases
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of utilization of groundwater resources, in particular to a storage and distributed utilization method of mine groundwater. Background technique
- the utilization of mine water is mainly to first mine the mine through the underground water pump and pipeline.
- the water is collected into the water tank, and the water is transported to the surface for utilization.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a distributed storage and utilization method of mine groundwater to reduce the loss of groundwater and the impact on the growth and restoration of the ecological environment.
- the present invention provides a distributed utilization method for mine groundwater, comprising the following steps:
- step C According to the basic geological data obtained in step A, and the flow field distribution, water quality data and water pressure data of groundwater obtained in step B, the space of the goaf where one or more groundwater cannot be penetrated after coal mining is determined as the distribution. Water storage space of a groundwater reservoir;
- the method provided by the present invention further comprises: E. each of the water storage spaces is provided with a pumping hole connected to the ground surface, and when water is needed, the groundwater is pumped out to the surface for utilization; When it is necessary to increase the water storage, the external water is recirculated to the water storage space through the pumping hole.
- the step A includes surveying before coal mining and surveying after the formation of the goaf, respectively obtaining basic geological data of the pre-mining and goaf areas; in the step C, according to the obtained stratum before mining and The basic geological data of the goaf, and the flow field distribution of the groundwater, the water quality data and the water pressure data are obtained in step B to determine the water storage space.
- the basic geological data includes at least: stratum structure, lithology of each layer, rock mechanical strength, rock permeability performance, spatial extent of the goaf.
- the flow field distribution of the groundwater obtained in step B is to determine the flow direction of the groundwater.
- the method further comprises: when performing the first mining, under the premise of ensuring safety, the first mining is performed on the working surface with the lowest elevation in the working surface of the area to be mined.
- the coal gangue is backfilled to the bottom of the goaf as the water storage space to form a coal gangue purification filter layer; the filling amount and the filling particle size of the coal gangue purification filter layer are read, according to the sand water filter of the water plant The amount of fill and the fill size are determined.
- the method further comprises: a corresponding working face is not formed before the water storage space is formed, and the preset area retains the preset thickness of the coal gangue; after the coal is coaled, the coal gangue purification filter layer located at the bottom of the water storage space is formed; The pumping hole of the water storage space is connected from the bottom of the coal gangue purification filter layer to the surface.
- the area with the weakest coal gangue strength is selected as the preset area, and the thickness of the coal gangue coal seam to be retained is determined according to the filling amount of the sand filter of the water plant; after the coal mining, the coal gangue collapses naturally Falling, a layer of coal gangue particles having different thicknesses is formed, and the coal gangue particle layer is used as a coal gangue purification filter layer.
- the coal gangue particles having a crushing blockiness of 100 mm-400 mm are backfilled to a predetermined area of the working surface to form a filtering performance.
- the pumping hole is connected to a control valve at one end of the surface, and the groundwater is pumped out to the surface or external water is recirculated to the water storage space by controlling the control valve.
- the method further comprises: sealing the culvert outlet of each of the goafs serving as the water storage space and the main roadway with the concrete waterproof layer.
- the method further comprises: adding a water level of the goaf to observe the transparent hose and the drain pipe in the leveling port of the gob area as the water storage space; when the water level of the goaf exceeds the warning water level, opening the drain valve Perform the evacuation.
- the distributed storage method of mine groundwater provided by the invention, the groundwater of the mine is It is stored in a gob that can prevent water from permeable, achieving reasonable preservation of mine groundwater and reducing the impact on the growth and restoration of the ecological environment.
- the distributed utilization method of mine groundwater stores the groundwater of the mine into a gob that can prevent water permeable, and when water is needed, the groundwater is pumped out to the surface for utilization; when it is necessary to increase the water storage
- the method of recirculating external water into the 'J water storage space through the pumping hole reduces the loss of groundwater and the impact on the growth and recovery of the ecological environment.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a distributed utilization method of mine groundwater according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the space of a distributed reservoir in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the position and connection relationship of the water storage space, the purification filter layer, the pumping hole, and the control valve in the embodiment shown in FIG. detailed description
- the invention provides a distributed storage method for mine groundwater.
- a mine groundwater By storing the mine groundwater in a gob area capable of preventing water permeable, without extracting the ground, a reasonable preservation of the mine groundwater is realized, and the ecological environment can be reduced. The impact of growth and recovery.
- the invention further provides a distributed utilization method of mine groundwater, by storing the mine groundwater to a goaf capable of preventing water permeable, and when water is needed, pumping the groundwater out to the surface for utilization; In the case of water, the external water is recirculated into the water storage space through the pumping hole, which reduces the loss of groundwater and the impact on the growth and recovery of the ecological environment. Including the following steps:
- step 101 the underground space of the mining area is surveyed to obtain basic geological data of the stratum.
- the survey of the underground space in the mining area includes the survey before coal mining and the survey after the formation of the goaf, and obtain the basic geological data of the pre-mining and goaf areas respectively.
- These basic geological data include: stratigraphic structure, lithology of each layer, rock mechanical strength, rock permeability, spatial extent of the goaf, etc.
- Step 102 Observing the groundwater in the mining area, obtaining the flow field distribution of the groundwater, water quality data, and water pressure data.
- the distribution of the flow field obtained from the groundwater described here is to determine the flow direction of the groundwater.
- Step 103 Determine, according to the formation basic geological data obtained in step 101, and the step 102, obtain the flow field distribution of the groundwater, the water quality data, and the water pressure data, and determine the space of the goaf that cannot penetrate the groundwater as the distribution.
- the water storage space can be determined according to the obtained basic geological data of the pre-mining and goaf, and the flow field distribution, water quality data and water pressure data of the groundwater obtained in step 102.
- Step 104 After it is determined that the water storage space is formed, the groundwater generated during the coal mining of the adjacent working face can naturally seep into the water storage space, thereby realizing the storage of the groundwater.
- Step 105 Each of the water storage spaces is provided with a pumping hole connected to the surface.
- the groundwater When water is needed, the groundwater is pumped out to the surface for utilization by the pumping hole; when it is necessary to increase the water, the external water is recirculated through the pumping hole.
- the storage space realize the rational use of groundwater from ⁇ .
- the present invention changes the previous idea of selecting the higher elevation of the coal seam based on the concept of water prevention and control, and firstly adopts the first mining of the working face with the lowest elevation of the working face to be exploited, so as to facilitate the passage of groundwater through the nature.
- the seepage flows into the various water storage spaces of the distributed reservoir.
- the present invention can also adopt some sealing and reinforcement engineering measures.
- the working surface corresponding to the water storage space may not be formed as a preset area.
- the preset area retains a preset thickness of coal gangue; after coal mining, the coal gangue layer collapses, naturally forming a coal gangue purification filter layer located at the bottom of the water storage space.
- the pumping hole connected to the surface of the water storage space is connected to the ground surface from the bottom of the coal gangue purification filter layer.
- the underground space of the mining area was surveyed.
- data and information such as stratum, lithology and structural distribution are obtained from the comprehensive survey into the underground space of the area to be reclaimed, and the water level data and related data and information are imported from the groundwater distribution dynamic observation database.
- Basic geological data such as lithology, rock mechanical strength, rock permeability, spatial extent of goaf, etc.
- geophysical prospecting techniques can be used to conduct hydrological and geological surveys of the mining area, and geophysical exploration techniques include seismic methods, electrical methods, geological radar methods, and effective combinations of these methods. Therefore, more accurate information about coal seam structure, aquifer structure and its distribution, shallow loose layer structure and water-retaining can be obtained.
- the parameters obtained include aquifer thickness, permeability coefficient, unit water inflow, lithology combination, Aquifer pressure, protective layer structure, etc.
- the groundwater of the mine is observed to obtain the flow field distribution, water quality data and water pressure data of the groundwater.
- periodic dynamic observations of the water level, water quality, and water pressure of the groundwater in the mining area are performed.
- the means of dynamic observation and collection of groundwater distribution are divided into manual and automatic methods. Combined with actual hydrogeological conditions, data is generally recorded once a week and imported into the database through digital devices. Multi-source data from different periods and different formats are collected through the database as the original hydrogeological basis.
- groundwater is obtained through water level data.
- the flow field distribution that is, the direction of groundwater flow, can provide a basis for the selection of groundwater reservoirs, because the choice of reservoirs needs to make groundwater flow into them;
- the second is to obtain water quality data, to understand the groundwater pollution in the groundwater reservoir, for groundwater Provide processing and utilization basis;
- the space of the goaf that cannot be penetrated by one or more groundwater after coal mining is determined as the distributed underground reservoir.
- the water storage space of the distributed underground reservoir can be determined by the following steps: _
- the strength of the rock mass is collected, that is, the compressive strength of the rock mass is measured.
- a certain number of measuring points are determined according to the number of drilling holes in the mining area, and the number of measuring points is determined. Corresponding to the number of holes.
- the above embodiment may further consider the influence of the number of rock cracks on the water retention capacity of the reservoir.
- the method further includes: collecting the number of rock cracks; The number of cracks in the rock mass is smaller than the area where the number of cracks is set; the projection of the intersection between the selected area and the aforementioned horizontal coverage area on the horizontal plane serves as a horizontal coverage area of the underground reservoir.
- a certain volume of the region can be selected, and the number of cracks in the rock mass in the region can be measured, if the measurement result is smaller than the set crack. If the number of measurement points meets a certain number or percentage, the number of rock mass cracks in the area is considered to be less than the set number of cracks.
- the area can be intersected with the horizontal coverage area obtained by the above rock mass strength parameters, and the groundwater reservoir is finally determined. Horizontal coverage area.
- the above embodiment considers the compressive strength of the rock mass and the number of cracks in the rock mass, and selects the rock mass.
- a region with a large compressive strength and a small number of cracks serves as a horizontal coverage area of the underground reservoir.
- the depth of the groundwater reservoir is determined.
- the lowest position of the buried depth of the coal seam is taken as the bottom position of the underground reservoir.
- the location of the coal seam is detected by underground exploration, and the lowest position of the buried depth of the coal seam is taken as the bottom position of the underground reservoir.
- the bottom of the underground reservoir is placed 180 meters underground for subsequent mining operations. Since the coal seam is not strictly level, usually with a dip angle, the coal seam is between 170 and 200 meters deep from the horizontal plane. At this time, the bottom position of the underground reservoir is determined to be 200 meters below ground. .
- the choice of water storage space in distributed reservoirs is controlled by the medium conditions and groundwater distribution in the underground space. Therefore, according to the data obtained in the previous section, the water storage space in the distributed reservoir is divided into good water storage capacity (I), and the water storage capacity is generally (11), poor water storage capacity (III) three categories.
- the rock mass has high mechanical strength, strong water pressure resistance, good water barrier performance, good water retention and good water storage capacity;
- the rock mass has medium mechanical strength, medium water pressure resistance, medium water separation performance, general water retention capacity and general water storage capacity;
- the first type has good water retention: the water retention risk factor is less than 0.1, and the effective protective layer thickness is greater than or equal to zero.
- the rock mass In this geological area, the rock mass has high mechanical strength, strong water pressure resistance and good water barrier performance. Coal mining in this area usually does not cause damage to the aquifer.
- Type I I water retention generally: The water retention risk factor is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the effective protective layer thickness is greater than or equal to zero.
- the rock mass In this geological area, the rock mass has moderate mechanical strength, moderate water pressure resistance, and moderate water retention. For coal mining in this area, there may be an impact on the aquifer, so corresponding measures need to be taken, such as strengthening support during mining.
- the I I I type has poor water retention: the effective protective layer thickness is less than zero. In this geological area, the rock mass has poor mechanical strength, poor water pressure resistance, and poor water barrier, and coal mining has a great influence on the overlying loose aquifer.
- the water retention risk factor is calculated according to the thickness of the effective protective layer and the pressure of the aquifer.
- the ratio of the aquifer water pressure P to the effective protective layer thickness ⁇ is called the water retention risk factor TS:
- TS water retention risk factor, MPa/m
- P aquifer water pressure, MPa, without actual measurement, it can be estimated by 0. Olh, h is the thickness of loose aquifer;
- H is an effective protective layer thickness.
- the acquisition of the aquifer water pressure P can be obtained during the geological survey.
- the aquifer water pressure can be detected by drilling or setting a pressure sensor, or can be detected by other measuring means in the field. Aquifer water pressure P.
- the rock formation with a water inflow of less than 0. OOlL/s. ni is generally regarded as an aquifer.
- the water pressure resistance of the aquifuge is closely related to the lithology of the aquifer.
- the lithology of the aquifer is mainly mudstone, siltstone and sandstone.
- the effective protective layer structure is divided into four types: complete structure, block fracture structure, fragmentation structure and loose structure. It can be considered that the intact structure is good in water retention, the block-cracking structure is generally water-retaining, and the fragmented structure and the loose structure are poor in water retention.
- the first mining area is adjacent to the second mining area
- the third mining area is adjacent to the fourth mining area
- the roadway is provided between the first mining area and the third mining area, the second mining area and the fourth mining area.
- the three mining areas include two distributed reservoirs and one working face, and coal pillars are distributed between each distributed reservoir and the working face.
- a drain valve is provided at a position where the two water storage spaces are close to the roadway.
- the formation of the distributed reservoir is controlled by adjusting the mining parameters, mainly the working surface size, to facilitate water storage.
- the storage space of the distributed reservoir can be increased, and at the same time, the preparation amount of the working surface can be reduced, and the recovery rate can be improved.
- the length of the first mining face is determined to be 300 meters. When it is implemented in other mining areas, it can be adjusted according to the actual situation. For example, the length of the first working face can be set between 290-310 meters.
- the design advances the length of the working face as much as possible in consideration of factors such as the well structure and coal seam conditions.
- Determine the length of the first mining face is 4450m.
- the length of the first mining face can be set between 4400-4500 meters. Due to the limited space of distributed reservoirs, the existence of a large amount of accumulated water will inevitably lead to an increase in water pressure. In this embodiment, in order to prevent the occurrence of water inrush accidents, some sealing protection engineering measures are needed to facilitate the direct flow of groundwater into the storage space for filtration and storage, and to reduce the influx of groundwater into the mine.
- the concrete waterproof layer is used to seal and consolidate the smooth exits of the goafs and the main roads that are used as the water storage space.
- the stored water can be purified prior to the extraction of groundwater from the storage space in the distributed reservoir.
- the purification method can be realized by the prior art, or can be realized as follows: Coal gangue with reasonable gravel is arranged at the bottom of the pumping hole as a purification filter layer for groundwater.
- the coal gangue purification filter layer can be formed in two ways:
- the first one is formed by backfilling coal gangue in the coal mining process.
- the backfilling method the person skilled in the art can fill the coal gangue according to the filling amount and filling granularity of the sand water filter of the water plant to form the coal gangue purification filtering layer. .
- the second type is to naturally form a coal gangue purification filter layer.
- the area with the weakest coal gangue intensity is selected as the preset area, and the thickness of the coal gangue coal seam to be retained can be determined according to the filling amount of the sand filter of the water plant.
- the coal gangue collapses naturally after harvesting. Due to its inherent strength, it will form a layer of coarse and fine particles, that is, the coal gangue purification filter layer.
- the pumping hole is connected from the bottom of the coal gangue purification filter layer in the water storage space to the surface. And the pumping hole is connected to the control valve at one end of the ground surface. In this embodiment, the groundwater is pumped out to the surface or external water is recirculated to the water storage space by controlling the control valve.
- the distributed utilization method of the mine groundwater of the present invention changes the conventional thinking of the prior underground groundwater extraction and reprocessing, and realizes the distributed storage of the mine groundwater through the underground space of the area to be mined, and
- the groundwater is purified, utilized and recharged, and the groundwater is stored in the stratum space for scientific use as much as possible to reduce the loss of groundwater, and it is also conducive to the protection and restoration of the regional ecological environment.
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2014144499/03A RU2567564C1 (ru) | 2012-04-28 | 2013-04-27 | Способ распределенного хранения и использования грунтовых вод в шахте |
AU2013252230A AU2013252230B2 (en) | 2012-04-28 | 2013-04-27 | Method for distributed storage and use of underground water in mine |
US14/397,506 US9371185B2 (en) | 2012-04-28 | 2013-04-27 | Method for distributed storage and use of underground water in mine |
ZA2014/08686A ZA201408686B (en) | 2012-04-28 | 2014-11-26 | Method for distributed storage and use of underground water in mine |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201210133605.9 | 2012-04-28 | ||
CN201210134162.5A CN102865103B (zh) | 2012-04-28 | 2012-04-28 | 一种矿井地下水的分布式利用方法 |
CN201210133605.9A CN102862775B (zh) | 2012-04-28 | 2012-04-28 | 一种矿井地下水的分布式存储方法 |
CN201210134162.5 | 2012-04-28 | ||
CN201210133830.2 | 2012-04-28 | ||
CN2012101338302A CN102865078A (zh) | 2012-04-28 | 2012-04-28 | 一种松散含水层下保水开采地质条件确定方法 |
CN201210256970.9 | 2012-07-23 | ||
CN 201210256970 CN102809765B (zh) | 2012-07-23 | 2012-07-23 | 地下水库的位置确定方法 |
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WO2013159749A1 true WO2013159749A1 (zh) | 2013-10-31 |
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PCT/CN2013/074902 WO2013159749A1 (zh) | 2012-04-28 | 2013-04-27 | 一种矿井地下水的分布式存储及利用方法 |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US9371185B2 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2013252230B2 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2567564C1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013159749A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201408686B (zh) |
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US9371185B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
RU2567564C1 (ru) | 2015-11-10 |
US20150125209A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
AU2013252230A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
AU2013252230B2 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
ZA201408686B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
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