WO2013156781A2 - Système de complétion de puits de forage muni d'un outil d'alésage - Google Patents

Système de complétion de puits de forage muni d'un outil d'alésage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013156781A2
WO2013156781A2 PCT/GB2013/050983 GB2013050983W WO2013156781A2 WO 2013156781 A2 WO2013156781 A2 WO 2013156781A2 GB 2013050983 W GB2013050983 W GB 2013050983W WO 2013156781 A2 WO2013156781 A2 WO 2013156781A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reaming
fluid
reaming tool
turbine
completion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2013/050983
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013156781A3 (fr
Inventor
Lance Stephen Davis
Edward Docherty Scott
Mark Presslie
Original Assignee
Deep Casing Tools Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/449,398 external-priority patent/US9574406B2/en
Application filed by Deep Casing Tools Limited filed Critical Deep Casing Tools Limited
Priority to EA201491893A priority Critical patent/EA201491893A1/ru
Priority to AU2013250913A priority patent/AU2013250913B2/en
Priority to GB1420178.4A priority patent/GB2520187B/en
Priority to MX2014012460A priority patent/MX2014012460A/es
Priority to CN201380031777.8A priority patent/CN104379864B/zh
Publication of WO2013156781A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013156781A2/fr
Publication of WO2013156781A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013156781A3/fr
Priority to NO20141381A priority patent/NO20141381A1/no

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • E21B7/208—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes using down-hole drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/02—Adaptations for drilling wells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to wellbore completion and, in particular, but not exclusively, to methods and apparatus for running a completion string having a reaming tool into a pre-drilled well bore tool into a pre-drilled well bore.
  • This invention also relates to a reaming tool having a specific geometric design within the reaming structure.
  • a wellbore In the oil & gas exploration and production industry, in order to access hydrocarbons from a formation, a wellbore is typically drilled from surface and the wellbore lined with sections of metal tubulars. Many forms of tubulars may be used to line the wellbore including, for example plain solid walled tubulars, slotted tubular or tubulars comprising mesh screens and the like. Each tubular section is generally provided with threaded connectors, or otherwise joined, so that a number of the tubular sections can be joined together to form a string which is run into the wellbore.
  • a number of pipe “strings”, generally known as casing strings, may be inserted into the wellbore and suspended from the surface.
  • the last casing string located in the wellbore which completes the wellbore may be known as the "completion string” and in contrast to the casing strings which are typically suspended from surface, the completion string may be suspended from within a selected position in the immediately previous casing string Following location of the completion string in the wellbore, the wellbore wall may be supported on, or collapse against, the outer surface of the completion string.
  • the completion string may also be secured and sealed in place within the wellbore.
  • the annular space between the outer surface of the tubulars and the wellbore wall may be filled with a settable material such as cement and the completion string and cement may subsequently be perforated to provide hydraulic communication to the formation.
  • a settable material such as cement
  • the annular space may be filled with gravel, sand or the like.
  • the string may be withdrawn and/or the wellbore re- drilled or cleaned to remove obstructions.
  • a reaming tool may be provided on the casing or completion string and the reaming tool may be rotated with the string to remove obstructions from the wellbore and permit progression of the string.
  • completion strings are often not suited to transferring torque.
  • the tubulars making up the string be as large a diameter as possible and the string may comprise expandable tubulars which are run into a wellbore and then plastically expanded to a larger diameter.
  • larger diameter completion string tubulars typically have low torque capacity threads which are not suited to transfer of torque.
  • Completion strings are also being run into long horizontal or deviated wellbores in which, for example, the completion string must be advanced through a close fitting wellbore defining a highly tortuous path over several kilometres. As such, it may be very difficult to rotate the string due to friction losses. Also, the primary driving force used to locate the completion string at the target depth is often the weight of the string such that for long horizontal or deviated boreholes, the driving force to locate the completion string at target depth is provided by the weight of only a relatively short section of the string. Thus, in some cases, it may be difficult or impossible to either manipulate or locate the completion string.
  • a completion string may comprise a number of high cost elements, including slotted tubulars, expandable tubulars, self expanding elastomeric packers, sand screens, flow control devices, valves, and the like, many of which are inherently not suited to withstanding high levels of torque. This inhibits the ability and the desirability of transferring torque, tension or compression forces via the completion string.
  • the completion string can thus be considered as a large diameter lightweight tubular which, in light of its vulnerability to high levels of vibration, torque and mechanical loads, is ideally placed in the wellbore without rotation.
  • a reaming tool may be located on a distal end of the string, the reaming tool having a drive unit permitting a reaming structure of the reaming tool to be rotated relative to the string to facilitate reaming of the borehole without the requirement to rotate the string by application of torque thereto.
  • the reaming tool drive unit may be powered by fluid, such as drilling mud or the like, and the fluid may be directed to the reaming tool from surface via the internal bore of the string.
  • Such reaming tool may overcome many of the problems associated with running and operating a reaming tool with a string.
  • complex completion strings comprising tools such as sand screens, meshes, slotted liner and the like, such tools are typically porous or fluid-permeable which limits or prevents transfer of fluid through the completion string.
  • a completion system comprising: a fluid powered turbine coupled to a reaming tool, the reaming tool configured for coupling to a completion string insertable into a borehole, the completion string comprising at least one fluid pressure activated element, wherein the turbine is configured to be powered using fluid supplied at a pressure below an activation pressure of the at least one fluid pressure activated element.
  • the turbine may be configured to prevent the operating pressure exceeding the activation pressure of the at least one fluid pressure activated element.
  • the turbine may comprise at least one stator element and at least one rotor element, the at least one stator element and the at least one rotor element each having at least one blade wherein a curvature, a pitch, a circumferential spacing between blades and a number of blades on each of the at least one stator element and on the at least one rotor element are selected to provide a predetermined minimum fluid flow rate at which rotation of the at least one rotor element begins.
  • the turbine may comprise at least one stator element and at least one rotor element, the at least one stator element and the at least one rotor element having a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart blades, a curvature, a pitch, a circumferential spacing between blades and a number of blades selected to provide a maximum fluid pressure drop when the reaming tool becomes stalled in the borehole.
  • the fluid powered turbine may be concentrically mounted about a central axis of the reaming tool.
  • the fluid powered turbine may comprise a plurality of modules, each module comprising a rotor element and a stator element, a number of the modules selected to provide a selected pressure drop for a selected length of the fluid powered turbine.
  • the system may further comprise a tubular insertable into an interior of the completion system for delivering the fluid to the reaming tool.
  • the insertable tubular may comprise a concentric pipe string.
  • the insertable tubular may comprise a washpipe.
  • the at least one pressure activated element comprises one of a valve, a liner hanger, a fluid control device, a packer, an inflow control device (ICD), a sand screen, and a fluid-permeable member.
  • the at least one pressure activated element may further comprise a barrier member.
  • the system may further comprise a reaming nose forming a leading end of the reaming tool and a reaming tool body coupled an output of the fluid powered turbine.
  • At least one of the reaming body and the reaming nose may further comprise at least one fluid port for directing fluid to the exterior of the reaming tool.
  • At least one of the reaming body and the reaming nose may be rotationally balanced.
  • the reaming tool may further comprise a geometric reaming structure formed in, or provided on, at least one of the reaming body and the reaming nose.
  • the system may further comprise at least one of: at least one downhole tractor, at least one vibration device, and a centraliser configured to assist in running the completion system into the borehole.
  • a method of running a completion system into a pre-drilled borehole comprising: coupling a reaming tool rotated by a turbine to a completion string, the completion string having at least one pressure activated component thereon; and directing motive fluid to the turbine to power the reaming tool, the motive fluid supplied at a pressure below an activation pressure of the at least one pressure activated component.
  • the method may comprise running the completion system into the borehole substantially without rotation.
  • the turbine may have a selected minimum flow rate at which rotation thereof is initiated, and pumping a selected fluid through the completion string and the reaming tool without rotating the reaming tool.
  • the selected fluid may comprise one of cement and lost circulation material.
  • the method may further comprise running a tubular member into the completion string and delivering the fluid to the reaming tool via the tubular member.
  • the method may further comprise retrieving the tubular member from the borehole.
  • the method may further comprise observing a fluid pressure while the reaming tool is rotating and reducing an axial loading on the reaming tool when a drop in the observed pressure takes place, wherein blades in the turbine have at least one of a number thereof, a circumferential spacing therebetween, a pitch and a curvature selected to maximize a drop in pressure when the reaming tool becomes stalled in the borehole.
  • a method of running a completion system into a pre-drilled borehole may include coupling a fluid powered reaming tool to a completion string comprising at least one fluid pressure activated element; and powering the reaming tool using fluid supplied at a pressure below a pressure necessary to activate said at least one fluid pressure activated element.
  • a completion system comprising a fluid powered reaming tool configured for coupling to a completion string comprising at least one fluid pressure activated element, wherein the reaming tool is configured to be powered using fluid supplied at a pressure below a pressure necessary to activate said at least one fluid pressure activated element.
  • various embodiments of a reaming tool and method may permit a fluid powered reaming tool which is coupled to a completion string having a pressure activated element, such as a sandscreen, valve, in-flow control device (ICD), liner hanger or the like, to be operated at a pressure which is below that which would activate the pressure activated element.
  • a pressure activated element such as a sandscreen, valve, in-flow control device (ICD), liner hanger or the like
  • the completion system may be configured for running into the borehole on a running string and, in particular embodiments, the running string may comprise a drill pipe string, though any suitable running or conveying member may be used.
  • the completion system may be configured for location in the borehole substantially without rotation, thereby reducing or eliminating the risk of damaging the components of the completion system which are not suited to rotation, for example the at least one pressure activated element or the borehole, which may otherwise result if the completion string was rotated.
  • the reaming tool may be adapted for location on a distal end of the string, though the tool may alternatively be adapted for location at another location on the string.
  • the reaming tool may comprise a drive unit and a reaming body, the drive unit configured to receive the fluid and thereby drive rotation of the reaming body.
  • the drive unit may comprise a rotor and a stator, the rotor configured for rotation relative to the stator to drive rotation of the reaming body.
  • the rotor may comprise a shaft which is mounted within a housing which defines the stator.
  • the rotor may be mounted externally of the stator.
  • the drive unit may comprise a turbine arrangement.
  • the turbine arrangement may be of any suitable form.
  • the turbine arrangement may comprise at least one turbine element coupled to the stator and at least one turbine element coupled to the rotor and, in use, fluid may be directed to the turbine arrangement to drive relative rotation of the rotor and stator.
  • the turbine arrangement may be concentrically mounted about a central axis of the reaming tool, thereby facilitating low vibration rotation of the reaming tool when reaming the borehole.
  • the drive unit, or turbine arrangement may be modular in construction.
  • the turbine elements may be provided in pairs, each pair of elements defining a power stage.
  • one element may be adapted for coupling to the stator and a corresponding element adapted for coupling to the rotor and the turbine elements may be adapted to radially overlap.
  • the use of a modular drive unit or turbine arrangement permits the torque output from the drive unit to be configured as required. For example, a higher number of power stages may be provided where it is known or anticipated that the reaming tool will encounter more resistance. Fewer power stages may be selected where a shorter tool is desired.
  • a modular arrangement also permits the profile, for example the blade profile, of the reaming structure to be modified as required.
  • the use of a turbine may have advantages over other reaming tool rotating devices.
  • the turbine requires low start up and/or operating differential pressure and thus may provide a higher level of safety during operation, since the pressure used to start and operate the reaming tool is below the activating pressure of the at least one pressure activated element.
  • the pressure in a reservoir is low, for example due to pressure depletion, it is generally not desirable to have high fluid pressures in the borehole such that the use of a turbine according to embodiments of the present invention may facilitate reaming operations to be carried out in an environment in which reaming would otherwise be discounted.
  • the use of a turbine which can be started and/or operated at low differential pressure may also reduce the pressure requirements of pumps and associated equipment required to deliver and/or circulate fluids in the borehole, for example, in long deviated boreholes which involve significant friction and hydraulic losses.
  • the use of a turbine may facilitate high speed rotation of the reaming tool relative to the completion string and may have low or negligible reactive torque in use.
  • the system may be run into the bore substantially without rotation, or with a limited degree of rotation, and the reaming tool may be rotated independently of the string and at a speed that may otherwise result in damage to the tubular string or its connections.
  • the reaming tool may be rotated at speeds of up to about 800 rpm to 1000 rpm, though the reaming tool may be adapted for higher rotational speeds, where required.
  • the turbine may provide the additional benefit that the turbine may define a fluid path therethrough such that, in use, fluid may be delivered through the reaming tool even in the event the turbine stalls or is otherwise rendered inoperable. While it is considered that rotation of the completion string should be minimised, the use of a turbine may also permit rotation of the reaming tool by means of string rotation should the drive unit or turbine be rendered inoperable.
  • the completion string may form a first tubular of the completion system and the system may further comprise a second tubular extending substantially parallel to the first tubular for delivering motive fluid to the reaming tool.
  • the second tubular may be of any suitable form.
  • the second tubular may comprise a concentric string and, in particular embodiments, the second tubular may comprise a washpipe, hose or the like.
  • At least part of the second tubular may be configured for location within the completion string and so may be of smaller outer diameter than the internal diameter of the string. Alternatively, or in addition, at least part of the second tubular may be adapted for location externally of the completion string. By delivering fluid to the reaming tool via the second tubular, the reaming tool may be operated as required.
  • the at least one pressure activated element may be of any suitable form.
  • the at least one pressure activated element may be configurable to selectively permit fluid therethrough.
  • the or each pressure activated element may be selected from the group consisting of: a valve, fluid control device, inflow control device (ICD), sand screen or the like.
  • ICD inflow control device
  • the system may be configured so that fluid can be directed both via the second tubular and via the string and this may be used, for example, to circulate different fluids through an open element, such as an open ICD, independently of the fluid delivered to the reaming tool.
  • an open element such as an open ICD
  • the at least one pressure activated element may further comprise a barrier member, such as a water or hydrocarbon soluble filler material, which can later dissolve when hydrocarbons are encountered, or dissolve in water or oil after a given period.
  • a barrier member such as a water or hydrocarbon soluble filler material, which can later dissolve when hydrocarbons are encountered, or dissolve in water or oil after a given period.
  • the barrier member may comprise a mechanical element such as a valve member, flapper, gate or the like.
  • the reaming tool may further comprise at least one bearing and the bearing may, for example, be adapted for location between the drive unit and the reaming body.
  • a plurality of bearings may be provided and the bearings may be configured for modular construction.
  • one or more of the bearings may comprise an outer race mountable to one of the stator and the rotor and an inner race mountable to the other of the stator and the rotor.
  • the provision of a modular bearing may also permit the number and/or dimensions of the bearing to be selected, as required.
  • the at least one bearing may be of any suitable form.
  • the tool may comprise a combined axial and radial bearing and, in particular embodiments, the at least one bearing may comprise at least one ball bearing.
  • the bearing comprises a ball bearing
  • the ball bearing may comprise at least one low friction steel or ceramic ball bearing.
  • the bearing may comprise at least one steel ball and at least one ceramic ball and the bearing may comprise alternate steel and ceramic balls. As the steel and ceramic have different coefficients of friction, the use of alternate steel and ceramic balls reduces the tendency for each ball to "climb" the adjacent ball.
  • the at least one bearing may comprise a plain bearing, radial bearing or the like.
  • the reaming tool may further comprise a reaming nose forming a leading end of the reaming tool and the completion system.
  • the nose may be integral to the reaming body.
  • the nose may comprise a separate component coupled to the reaming body.
  • the nose may comprise a concave end face and/or an eccentric end portion configured to assist in stabbing or cutting through obstructions in the wellbore without rotation, where required.
  • the nose may comprise a convex face and/or a concentric end portion.
  • At least one of the reaming body and the reaming nose may further comprise at least one fluid port for permitting fluid to be directed to the exterior of the reaming tool.
  • the provision of a port may permit fluid, such as drilling fluid, mud or the like, to be directed through the reaming tool to assist in the removal and/or displacement of obstructions from the bore.
  • At least one of the ports may be integrally formed in the reaming body or the reaming nose. Alternatively, or in addition, at least one of the ports may comprise a separate component coupled to the body or the nose.
  • the fluid port may be constructed from any suitable material, including for example a ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal or a material such as ceramic or machinable glass.
  • one or more of the fluid ports may be constructed from cast iron, such as spheroidal graphite cast iron. At least one of the ports may define, or provide mounting for, a nozzle.
  • the nozzle may be adapted to direct fluid from the fluid conduit out from the tool to facilitate removal of obstructions by jetting. The fluid and removed material may then be returned to surface via the annulus.
  • the reaming tool further comprises a reaming structure and the reaming structure may be formed in, or provided on, at least one of the reaming body and the reaming nose.
  • the reaming structure may comprise at least one of: a rib; a blade; a projection; and the like.
  • the reaming structure may be arranged to extend radially to engage the borehole wall to facilitate reaming of the borehole.
  • the reaming structure may extend around at least a portion of the circumference of the body and/or the nose and may extend in a spiral, helical, serpentine, or other configuration. In an alternative arrangement, the reaming structure may extend substantially axially.
  • the reaming structure may comprise a wear resistant surface and may, for example, comprise tungsten carbide elements, such as tungsten carbide blocks or bricks, arranged around the circumferential face of at least one of the reaming body and the reaming nose.
  • the reaming structure, or an element of the reaming structure may comprise a coating, such as a high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coating, or may have been subjected to a surface hardening treatment.
  • HVOF high velocity oxy-fuel
  • the reaming structure may further comprise an element defining a cutting or grinding surface, for example, polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters, thermally stable polycrystalline cutters, carbide particles or any other arrangement suitable for assisting in performing the reaming operation.
  • the element may comprise a ceramic insert pressed into or otherwise bonded to the reaming tool.
  • a geometric reaming structure and, in particular a geometric arrangement of the elements, such as carbide particles, forming the grinding surfaces mitigates or eliminates the clogging of the reaming structure.
  • the geometric reaming structure arrangement of the present invention contrasts with the conventional random arrangement or carbide particles known in the art, and may, for example, comprise a plurality of teeth arranged in one or a plurality of rows and in particular embodiments the teeth may be arranged in staggered rows.
  • the teeth may be of any suitable form and, in particular embodiments, each tooth may be formed as a prism, such as a tetrahedral prism, extending radially to engage the borehole. Each tooth may define a leading point or edge which is configured to engage with the borehole first, in use.
  • At least one port or slot may be provided between the reaming elements, the at least one slot adapted to permit fluid, such as drilling mud or the like, therethrough to further assist in the reaming operation and/or to overcome or mitigate clogging of the tool.
  • the fluid may be the same fluid as that used to drive the reaming tool, though any other suitable fluid may be used where appropriate.
  • the system may further comprise at least one of a downhole tractor and a vibration device configured to assist in running the completion system into the borehole.
  • a tractor and a vibration device may be located together with the reaming tool at a distal end of the completion string or at another location on the string to assist in locating the string at the desired depth and/or assist in pulling the completion string along the bore. This may be used, for example, in a horizontal or deviated bore where the ability to apply force to the string is otherwise limited to the weight of the vertical section of the string.
  • the system may further comprise at least one centraliser configured to support and/or protect the other components of the system.
  • the centraliser may be mounted to the string adjacent to the fluid-permeable member to protect the fluid- permeable member from damage.
  • the centraliser may also be configured to promote laminar flow in the annulus defined between the string and the borehole.
  • the centraliser may be configured to promote turbulent flow where the conditions warrant enhanced wellbore cleaning through turbulent fluid flow.
  • At least part of the reaming tool may be configured to facilitate drilling through.
  • At least part of the tool may be constructed from a material which is readily drillable and may be constructed from aluminium, aluminium alloy or the like, though any suitable material may be used.
  • the dimensions of the parts of the reaming tool may be selected to permit the tool to be drilled through with the minimum of effort.
  • the parts of the system may be constructed from any suitable material.
  • at least one of the reamer tool drive unit, reamer body, nose and centraliser may be constructed from 13% chrome steel or other suitable material.
  • a method of running a completion system into a pre-drilled borehole may include coupling a turbine powered reaming tool to a completion string, and directing motive fluid to the turbine to power the reaming tool.
  • a completion system comprising a turbine powered reaming tool configured for coupling to a completion string, wherein the turbine is configured to receive motive fluid to power the reaming tool.
  • a method of running a completion system into a pre-drilled borehole including mounting a fluid driven reaming tool on a first tubular in the form of a completion string, and delivering motive fluid to the reaming tool via a second tubular extending substantially parallel to said first tubular.
  • various embodiments permit a completion string having a fluid- permeable element, such as a sandscreen, valve or the like, to be run into a borehole while still permitting a turbine powered reaming tool located distally of the fluid- permeable element to be operated.
  • a fluid- permeable element such as a sandscreen, valve or the like
  • a reaming tool having a geometric reaming element arrangement.
  • a completion system comprises tubular components coupled together to form a completion string.
  • In-flow control devices are provided to permit selective fluid communication between an internal bore of the completion string and the annulus within a borehole.
  • a reaming tool is provided at a leading end of the completion string. The reaming tool is insertable into the borehole with the completion string.
  • the reaming tool comprises a fluid driven turbine, a reaming body and a reaming nose.
  • the completion string is located in the borehole and fluid is directed to the reaming tool to facilitate reaming of the borehole.
  • a second tubular in the form of a washpipe may extend through an internal bore of the completion string for providing fluid to the reaming tool where the completion string includes elements made of porous material.
  • the reaming tool is operable at a fluid pressure below a pressure which would activate any hydraulic devices such as the in-flow control devices.
  • the reaming tool operates in a manner such that the fluid pressure does not exceed a pressure which would activate any hydraulic devices such as the in-flow control devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a completion system according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 2A is a cross sectional view of a first section of a reaming tool for use in the completion system of FIG. 1 .
  • Figure 2B is a cross sectional view of a second section of the reaming tool shown in FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 2C is an enlarged view of part of FIG. 2B.
  • Figure 2D is a cross sectional view of a third section of the reaming tool shown in
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are identical to FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C.
  • FIG. 2E is an enlarged view of part of FIG. 2D.
  • FIG. 2F is a cross sectional view of another arrangement of the third section of the reaming tool.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another example of a reaming tool.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the reaming tool shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a nose of the reaming tool shown in FIGS. 3 and
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded side view of the reaming tool shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • FIG. 7A is a side view of an embodiment of the reaming tool shown in FIGS. 3 to
  • FIG. 7B is a side view of another embodiment of the reaming tool shown in FIGS.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8D are enlarged views of cutter arrangements of the reaming tool of
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the geometric arrangement of FIGS. 8A to 8D.
  • FIG. 10 is another perspective view of the geometric arrangement of FIGS. 8A to
  • FIG. 1 1 shows an example of a stator element of a turbine.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of a rotor element of a turbine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a completion system 10 according to an example embodiment.
  • a borehole 12 has been drilled and may be lined with bore-lining tubulars 14.
  • the distal most bore-lining tubular 14 may comprise a liner which terminates in a shoe 16.
  • the liner 14 may comprise a 7 5/8 inch (193.68mm) liner, though any suitable diameter and thickness tubular may be used.
  • the borehole 12 has subsequently been extended beyond the shoe 16, in the present example substantially horizontally, the horizontal unlined section 18 may extend through a hydrocarbon-bearing formation 20. It will be readily understood that the unlined section 18 of the borehole 12 may be of any required length, and may extend to any distance, including as much as several kilometers through the hydrocarbon formation 20.
  • the completion system 10 may comprise a number of tubular components 22, e.g., threadedly coupled together to form a completion string 24.
  • the completion string 24 may be inserted ("run") into an unlined section 18 of the borehole 12 using a supporting string 25.
  • the supporting string 25 may comprise a drill pipe string, though any suitable pipe string may be used.
  • An upper end of the completion string 24 may then be suspended from the liner 16 using a liner hanger 17 and the support string 25 may then be withdrawn.
  • FIG. 1 shows the completion string 24 after it has been run into the unlined section 18 of the borehole 12 and before the completion string 24 has been suspended from the liner hanger 17.
  • the completion string 24 and its components are sized so that they can be run into the borehole 12, and an annulus 28 is defined between the outer surface of the completion string 24 and the borehole wall 12.
  • the completion string 24 also defines an internal bore 26 for transfer of fluid or tools through the completion string 24.
  • the completion string 24 may comprise sections of 41 ⁇ 2 inch (1 14.3 mm) outer diameter base pipe 30, though other suitable diameters and types of tubulars may be used where appropriate.
  • the completion string 24 may comprise a number of elements directed to various downhole operations. For example, swellable packers 32 may be provided at spaced locations along the length of the completion string 24.
  • the swellable packers 32 may comprise 5.625 inch (142.88mm) outer diameter swelling type packers, though other suitable types and diameters of packers may be used where appropriate.
  • each swellable packer 32 swells and extends radially into sealing engagement with the borehole 12 to isolate sections of the annulus 28 and thereby prevent undesirable migration of fluid within the annulus 28.
  • ICDs 34 may also be provided to permit selective fluid communication between the internal bore 26 of the completion string 24 and the annulus 28 and, in the embodiment shown, three 5.620 inch (142.75mm) outer diameter ICDs 34 are provided on the string 24.
  • the ICDs 34 and packers 32 may be used together to control fluid flow into and out of the string 24.
  • One or more centralizers 36 may also be provided on the completion string 24 to assist in controlling the position of the completion string 24 as it is run into the borehole 12 and to assist in reducing frictional drag as the completion string 24 is run into the borehole 12.
  • The, or each, centralizer 36 may also assist in protecting the other components of the system 10, such as the swellable packers 32 or ICDs 34, from damage as the completion string 24 is run into the borehole 12.
  • a centralizer 36 may also be positioned adjacent to the ICD 34, wherein the centralizer 36 may be configured to promote laminar fluid flow in the annulus 28.
  • a reaming tool 38 may be provided at a distal leading end of the completion string 24 and the reaming tool 38 is run into the borehole 12 with the completion string 24.
  • the reaming tool 38 in the present example comprises a fluid-powered drive unit 40, a reaming body 42 and a reaming nose 43.
  • fluid may be directed to the drive unit 40 of the reaming tool 38 to drive rotation of the reaming body 42 and reaming nose 43 to facilitate reaming of the borehole 12, for example where the completion string 24 encounters an obstruction which may otherwise prevent progression of the completion string 24 and to ensure the desired form of the unlined borehole section 18 when the completion string 24 is located in the borehole 12.
  • the system 10 may also comprise a second tubular in the form of a concentric string or washpipe 44 which extends through an internal bore 26 of the completion string 24.
  • the washpipe 44 may comprise a series of threadedly coupled tubular sections having smaller outer diameter than the internal diameter of the completion string 24. In use, the washpipe 44 is run into the borehole 12 with the completion string 24.
  • the lower end of the washpipe 44 may comprise a plug 45 having one or more seals 47 mounted thereon.
  • the washpipe 44 may be coupled to a lock 46 provided in the completion string 24 via the plug 45, wherein the washpipe 44 seals against the lock 46 via the plug seal or seals 47 to prevent backflow of fluid up the internal bore 26.
  • the distal end of the washpipe 44 may comprise a 3.25 inch (82.55mm) outer diameter S22 seal stack and the lock 46 may comprise a 41 ⁇ 2 inch (1 14mm) outer diameter x 3 1 / 4 inch (82.55mm) inner diameter anti hydraulic lock seal bore.
  • a float collar 48 such as a 41 ⁇ 2 inch (1 14mm) outer diameter "double v" float collar, may be provided between the lock 46 and the reaming tool 38. In use, the float collar 48 permits fluid flow to the reaming tool 38 while preventing backflow of fluid up the internal bore 26 of the completion string 24.
  • the washpipe 44 may provide drive fluid to the drive unit 40 of the reaming tool 38 in order to facilitate rotation of the reaming body 42 and reaming nose 43. Fluid may be supplied to the drive unit 40 regardless of whether or not the internal bore 26 of the completion string 24 is open to the annulus 28, for example where one or more of the ICDs 34 are configured in an open position.
  • the completion system 10 is inserted into the borehole 12 substantially without rotation, thus reducing or eliminating the risk of damaging the components of the completion string 24 which are not suited to rotation or transfer of torque. Furthermore, reaming of the borehole 12 can be achieved even where part of the completion 10 is open to the annulus 28.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2D there is shown a reaming tool 38 according to an example embodiment.
  • the reaming tool 38 may comprise a drive unit 40, a reaming body 42, a reaming nose 43 and a bearing section 50.
  • the reaming tool 38 may be coupled to and may form a distal leading end of a completion system, such as the system 10 described above.
  • the drive unit 40 and bearing section 50 are provided within a body 52 of the reaming tool 38 and the body 52 is coupled to an end of the completion string 24 by a threaded box and pin connection 54 (FIG. 2C), though other suitable connectors may be used where appropriate.
  • the drive unit 40 comprises a rotor 56 and a stator 58 and, in use, the rotor 56 is configured for rotation relative to the stator 58 to drive rotation of the reaming body 42 and the nose 43.
  • the rotor 56 comprises a shaft 60 which is mounted within the housing 52.
  • the housing 52 may define the stator 58.
  • the shaft and rotor components are retained by a retaining nut 59 and the stator components are retained by a retaining nut 61 .
  • the drive unit 40 may further comprise a turbine arrangement 62 with turbine elements 62a coupled to the shaft 60 and turbine elements 62b coupled to the housing 52.
  • the drive unit 40 is modular, that is, the number of turbine elements 62a, 62b coupled to the rotor 56 and stator 58 can be selected as required.
  • the use of a modular turbine arrangement 62 permits the length of the drive unit 42 to be minimised and the torque output from the drive unit 40 to be configured as required.
  • characteristics of the blades of the turbine elements may be selected to optimize fluid flow and power output of the drive unit 40 for specific purposes.
  • fluid is directed through the turbine arrangement 62 to drive relative rotation of the turbine elements 62a, 62b.
  • the use of a turbine may have certain advantages as contrasted with positive displacement drive units known in the art.
  • the turbine arrangement 62 can be started and operated using a low pressure differential and at a pressure which is below the pressure at which certain elements of the completion system, such as the ICDs 34 or packers 32 shown in FIG. 1 , would be activated.
  • the turbine arrangement 62 facilitates high speed rotation of the reaming body 42 and the reaming nose 43 relative to the completion string 24 and has low or negligible reactive torque in use.
  • the reaming tool 38 may be driven at a speed that is otherwise unachievable by rotation of the reaming tool by the completion string 24 or by a positive displacement motor ("PDM").
  • PDM positive displacement motor
  • the turbine arrangement 62 may provide low vibration.
  • the turbine arrangement 62 may also be suited to use in high pressure and high temperature environments such as those found in certain borehole environments.
  • the reaming tool 38 may further comprise a number of bearings.
  • the reaming tool 38 may comprise plain radial bearings 63 provided at either end of the turbine arrangement 62 in addition to a bearing section 50 described in more detail below.
  • the bearing section 50 may be positioned between the drive unit 42 and the reaming body 51 and may be aligned with the turbine arrangement 62.
  • the bearing section 50 comprises a combined axial and radial bearing including an axially extending series of low friction ball bearings 64 with alternate steel and ceramic balls. As the steel and ceramic have different coefficients of friction, the use of alternate steel and ceramic balls reduces the tendency for each ball to "climb" the adjacent ball.
  • the bearing section 50 may be modular so that the number of bearings 64 and the overall length of the bearing section 50 can be selected, as required.
  • fluid exiting the turbine arrangement 62 is directed through the bearing section 50 and then into the reaming nose 43.
  • the reaming body 42 and reaming nose 43 may be coupled to the shaft 60 of the reaming tool 38 via a threaded connection 66 and, in use, rotation of the shaft 60 drives rotation of the reaming body 42 and the reaming nose 43.
  • the reaming body 42 and the reaming nose 43 may have reaming structures in the form of reaming ribs 68 mounted thereon.
  • the reaming ribs 68 extend radially from the exterior surface of the body 42 and the nose 43 and, in use, the reaming ribs 68 are arranged to perform a reaming operation on the borehole 12.
  • the reaming ribs 68 are integrally formed with the body 42 and the nose 52, though the reaming ribs 68 may comprise separate components, where appropriate. Any rib arrangement may be employed.
  • the reaming ribs 68 are circumferentially spaced around the exterior surface of the reaming body 42 and the reaming nose 43 and may extend substantially axially.
  • the distal most end of the reaming nose 43 may comprise an eccentric portion 70 which can assist facilitate stabbing or cutting through obstructions in the borehole 12, where required.
  • One or more fluid outlets or nozzles 72 may be provided in the reaming nose 43 and, in use, fluid may be directed through such nozzle 72 to assist in removing obstructions in the borehole 12 by jetting. The fluid and removed material is then returned to surface via the annulus 28.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example reaming tool 138 with like components to the previously described reaming tool 38 (assigned like reference numerals incremented by 100).
  • the reaming body 142 and the reaming nose 143 of the reaming tool 138 may have reaming ribs 168 extending from their respective outer surfaces and, in use, wherein the reaming ribs 168 engage with the borehole wall 12 to facilitate grinding and/or reaming of the borehole 12.
  • FIGS. 4 and 6 show exploded views of the reaming tool 138.
  • the reaming nose 143 may comprise a smaller diameter male threaded portion 74 which is adapted for location within the reaming tool body 142 and which is releasably secured to the reaming tool body 142 via a corresponding female threaded portion 76.
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the reaming nose 143 of the reaming tool 138, the nose 143 comprising a tapered front portion 78 and a concave distal end 80.
  • the reaming ribs 168 on the nose 143 extend substantially axially along the reaming nose 143, though it will be recognised that other arrangements, such as helical or spiral configuration, may be used where appropriate.
  • the ribs 168 on the nose 143 extend substantially axially while the ribs 168 on the reaming tool body 142 extend helically.
  • a number of ports may be provided in the reaming nose 143, these ports defining or providing mounting for nozzles 172. In use, fluid may be directed through the nozzles 172 to assist in reaming the borehole 12 and/or carrying reamed material back to surface.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show side views of the reaming tool 138 showing the arrangement of the reaming ribs 168.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8D, 9 and 10 also show cutter arrangements according to other example embodiments.
  • the reaming ribs 168 comprise reaming elements or teeth 82 formed thereon.
  • the teeth 82 may be formed into a tetrahedral prism which extends radially from the surface of the reaming rib 168 and which is adapted to ream the borehole 12.
  • the teeth 82 are arranged in a geometric pattern and, in the embodiments shown, the teeth 82 are provided in two staggered rows along the length of the reaming ribs 168.
  • a plurality of carbide reaming elements, known as PDCs 84 are mounted into the reaming ribs 168 in a substantially linear arrangement, and are spaced between the teeth 82.
  • the geometric cutter arrangement of the present example contrasts with the conventional random carbide arrangement known in the art which is susceptible to clogging, reducing the ability to ream the bore.
  • Slots 86 may also be provided about the reaming structures of the tool 38, and fluid may also be directed through the slots 86 to assist in removing reamed material by fluid jetting or the like. Additional slots (not shown) may also be provided between the reaming elements to assist or further assist in removing reamed material by fluid jetting or the like.
  • At least part of the system may be configured to assist in drilling through.
  • at least part of the system may be constructed from a readily drillable material, such as metal, metal alloy, aluminium or aluminium alloy, cast iron, glass, ceramic or other suitable material.
  • the turbine section comprise an internal diameter which is sized to permit the reaming tool to be drilled out, thereby reducing the volume of material to be removed.
  • a tractor and/or a vibrator could be added to the distal end of the completion string to provide a vibrator/ tractor/ reamer arrangement.
  • a vibrator/ tractor/ reamer arrangement could be placed at an intermediate position on the completion string. It is within the scope of the present disclosure that commands may be sent from surface to one or more downhole devices, for example to control the on/off state of the tractor or reaming tool.
  • the turbine element 62a may include an outer ring 200 that is affixed to a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart stator blades 202.
  • the stator blades 202 may be affixed to an inner ring 204.
  • the stator may be coupled to the housing.
  • the blades 202 may have a curvature 204 and pitch 206 (angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the turbine element 62a), a number of and a circumferential spacing between the stator blades 202 selected to result in at least one of the following.
  • minimum flow rate at which rotation of the rotor (58 in FIG. 2B) will begin.
  • minimum flow rate may be related to the curvature 204, pitch 206, number of blades 202 and their circumferential spacing.
  • the foregoing stator blade parameters may be chosen to provide a selected minimum flow rate at which rotation will commence. By having a selected minimum flow rate, it may be possible to pump fluid through the completion system (10 in FIG. 1 ) without causing rotation of the reaming body 42.
  • Such pumping without causing rotation may be desirable for pumping certain types of wellbore fluids, e.g., cement, lost circulation material and the like which may be rendered less effective if mixing as a result of rotation of the reaming tool 42 takes place.
  • one of the turbine elements 62b forming part of the rotor is shown in more detail.
  • a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart blades 210 may be mounted to a ring 208 that may be coupled to the rotating shaft (60 in FIG. 2B).
  • the rotor turbine element 62b may have blade curvature 212, pitch 210, number of blades and circumferential spacing 214 between adjacent blades selected to cause rotation of the turbine arrangement (62 in FIG. 2B) at a selected minimum flow rate.
  • the foregoing turbine blade parameters for either or both the stator turbine elements (62a in FIG. 1 1 ) and the rotor turbine elements (62b in FIG. 12) may be selected to result in a minimum fluid flow rate at which rotation of the turbine arrangement will begin. [00125] In addition to the foregoing minimum flow rate to initiate rotation of the turbine arrangement (62 in FIG.
  • the foregoing turbine blade parameters for either or both the stator elements and the rotor elements may be selected to cause a maximum pressure drop when the reaming body (42 in FIG. 1 ) becomes "stalled", that is, ceases to rotate by reason of excessive load on the reaming body (42 in FIG. 1 ) and/or the reaming nose (43 in FIG. 1 ).
  • a property of fluid driven turbines is that they present a lower pressure drop to fluid passed therethrough than when the rotor is moving as a result of fluid flow.
  • a maximized pressure drop on stall may provide the completion system operator with a more easily recognizable signal at the surface that the reaming body has stalled, thus indicating corrective action that may be required, e.g., reducing axial loading on the reaming body and reaming nose.
  • the foregoing turbine blade parameters may also be selected to prevent the fluid pressure from exceeding a pressure at which any one of the fluid pressure actuated devices in the completion string is activated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de complétion comportant des composants tubulaires accouplés ensemble pour former un train de tiges de complétion. Des dispositifs de commande de débit entrant sont mis en œuvre pour permettre une communication fluidique sélective entre un alésage interne du train de tiges de complétion et l'espace annulaire. Un outil d'alésage est mis en œuvre au niveau de l'extrémité avant du train de tiges de complétion et l'outil d'alésage est acheminé dans le trou de forage avec le train de tiges de complétion. L'outil d'alésage comporte une unité d'entraînement actionnée par un fluide, un corps d'alésage et un nez d'alésage. Lors de l'utilisation, le train de tiges de complétion se trouve dans le trou de forage et un fluide est dirigé jusqu'à l'outil d'alésage pour faciliter l'alésage du trou de forage. Un second dispositif tubulaire sous la forme d'un tube d'usure peut s'étendre au travers d'un alésage interne du train de tiges de complétion pour la mise en œuvre d'un fluide jusqu'à l'outil d'alésage. L'outil d'alésage fonctionne à une pression de fluide inférieure à une pression qui activerait les dispositifs de commande de débit entrant.
PCT/GB2013/050983 2012-04-18 2013-04-18 Système de complétion de puits de forage muni d'un outil d'alésage WO2013156781A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EA201491893A EA201491893A1 (ru) 2012-04-18 2013-04-18 Система заканчивания ствола скважины с расширяющим инструментом
AU2013250913A AU2013250913B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2013-04-18 Wellbore completion system with reaming tool
GB1420178.4A GB2520187B (en) 2012-04-18 2013-04-18 Wellbore completion system with reaming tool
MX2014012460A MX2014012460A (es) 2012-04-18 2013-04-18 Sistema de terminacion de sondeo con herramienta de escariado.
CN201380031777.8A CN104379864B (zh) 2012-04-18 2013-04-18 具有铰孔工具的完井系统
NO20141381A NO20141381A1 (no) 2012-04-18 2014-11-18 Brønnborings-kompletteringssystem med opprømmingsverktøy

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/449,398 2012-04-18
US13/449,398 US9574406B2 (en) 2009-10-20 2012-04-18 Wellbore completion system with reaming tool

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013156781A2 true WO2013156781A2 (fr) 2013-10-24
WO2013156781A3 WO2013156781A3 (fr) 2014-03-13

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PCT/GB2013/050983 WO2013156781A2 (fr) 2012-04-18 2013-04-18 Système de complétion de puits de forage muni d'un outil d'alésage

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CN (1) CN104379864B (fr)
AU (1) AU2013250913B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2775524A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA201491893A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2520187B (fr)
MX (1) MX2014012460A (fr)
NO (1) NO20141381A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013156781A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111577214A (zh) * 2020-06-24 2020-08-25 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 用于海底天然气水合物固态流化开采的水射流喷射头
US10927625B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2021-02-23 Colorado School Of Mines Downhole tractor for use in a wellbore
US11959666B2 (en) 2021-08-26 2024-04-16 Colorado School Of Mines System and method for harvesting geothermal energy from a subterranean formation

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106988686A (zh) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-28 中国石油化工股份有限公司 管柱
EP3263829A1 (fr) * 2016-06-28 2018-01-03 Welltec A/S Système de forage de fond de trou
CN111963106A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2020-11-20 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 井筒的清理装置及清理方法
CN112227957B (zh) * 2020-09-15 2023-04-07 长江大学 一种可钻的自适应涡轮引鞋工具

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WO2008015402A2 (fr) 2006-07-29 2008-02-07 Futuretec Limited Procédé de mise en place d'éléments tubulaires de revêtement de puits

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US4734892A (en) * 1983-09-06 1988-03-29 Oleg Kotlyar Method and tool for logging-while-drilling
US6173771B1 (en) * 1998-07-29 2001-01-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus for cleaning well tubular members
US6520271B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2003-02-18 Leo A. Martini Fluid powered rotary drilling assembly
GB0918358D0 (en) * 2009-10-20 2009-12-02 Futuretec Ltd Wellbore completion

Patent Citations (1)

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WO2008015402A2 (fr) 2006-07-29 2008-02-07 Futuretec Limited Procédé de mise en place d'éléments tubulaires de revêtement de puits

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10927625B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2021-02-23 Colorado School Of Mines Downhole tractor for use in a wellbore
CN111577214A (zh) * 2020-06-24 2020-08-25 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 用于海底天然气水合物固态流化开采的水射流喷射头
US11959666B2 (en) 2021-08-26 2024-04-16 Colorado School Of Mines System and method for harvesting geothermal energy from a subterranean formation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2013250913A1 (en) 2014-12-04
CN104379864B (zh) 2017-02-22
AU2013250913B2 (en) 2017-09-07
GB201420178D0 (en) 2014-12-31
MX2014012460A (es) 2015-01-20
CN104379864A (zh) 2015-02-25
EA201491893A1 (ru) 2015-08-31
WO2013156781A3 (fr) 2014-03-13
GB2520187A (en) 2015-05-13
GB2520187B (en) 2015-11-25
NO20141381A1 (no) 2015-01-19
CA2775524A1 (fr) 2013-10-18

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