WO2013152393A1 - Rock bolt resin mixer - Google Patents

Rock bolt resin mixer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013152393A1
WO2013152393A1 PCT/AU2013/000371 AU2013000371W WO2013152393A1 WO 2013152393 A1 WO2013152393 A1 WO 2013152393A1 AU 2013000371 W AU2013000371 W AU 2013000371W WO 2013152393 A1 WO2013152393 A1 WO 2013152393A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tendon
rock bolt
cavity
resin
gripping means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2013/000371
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Brian Woolnough
Neville Jukes
Original Assignee
Wmc Nominees Pty Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2012901399A external-priority patent/AU2012901399A0/en
Application filed by Wmc Nominees Pty Limited filed Critical Wmc Nominees Pty Limited
Priority to AU2013247393A priority Critical patent/AU2013247393A1/en
Publication of WO2013152393A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013152393A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
    • E21D20/026—Cartridges; Grouting charges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0093—Accessories

Definitions

  • the present invention relates broadly to a method of installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata to be supported by the tendon or rock bolt.
  • the invention also relates generally to an apparatus for installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata and relates particularly, although not exclusively, to a resin mixer to be fitted to the tendon or rock bolt.
  • Australian patent no. 719385 is directed to a method of reinforcing rock with a tendon.
  • the tendon is driven into a bore using a drilling rig which includes a drive motor slidably mounted to a vertical slide via a carriage.
  • the tendon is encapsulated in the bore with anchoring material so that the tendon can be tensioned.
  • the drive motor includes a chuck through which the tendon passes in the course of its insertion into the bore.
  • the drive motor commences at the bottom of the slide for gripping and then rotation of the tendon via the chuck.
  • the drive motor moves up the slide during rotation of the tendon.
  • the drive motor halts rotation and releases its grip on the tendon which slides through the chuck when the drive motor is returned to the bottom of the slide.
  • a method of installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata comprising the steps of: locating a distal end of the tendon or rock bolt in the cavity of the strata to be supported by the tendon or rock bolt;
  • the tendon or rock bolt is progressively slid into the cavity in stages by:
  • the method also comprises the step of pre-installing resin or grout within the cavity for anchoring of the tendon or rock bolt. More preferably the step of sliding the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity involves mixing of the pre-installed resin or grout under the action of the sliding motion, via a resin mixer located at the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt.
  • the method further comprises a subsequent step of engaging a proximal end of the tendon or rock bolt with rotation means which simultaneously rotates and slides the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity independent of the gripping means which is released from the tendon or rock bolt.
  • This subsequent step is performed after the tendon or rock bolt has been progressively slid into the cavity until its proximal end can be engaged in the rotation means.
  • the tendon or rock bolt is rotated and slid into the cavity via the rotation means.
  • the tendon or rock bolt is anchored in the cavity via the resin or grout and subsequently tensioned.
  • the tendon or rock bolt is substantially fully encapsulated with the resin or grout in the cavity.
  • an apparatus for installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata comprising: gripping means being adapted to releasably grip the tendon or rock bolt having a distal end located in the cavity of the strata to be supported;
  • a sliding actuator operatively coupled to the gripping means to slide the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity by:
  • the tendon or rock bolt is progressively slid into the cavity in stages by:
  • the apparatus also comprises a resin mixer adapted to locate at the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt for mixing of resin or grout pre-installed in the cavity, said mixing being effected by the sliding motion of the tendon or rock bolt and the associated resin mixer.
  • the resin mixer includes a tendon or rock bolt mount being adapted to provide secure mounting of the resin mixer to the tendon or rock bolt, and one or more mixing elements configured to promote mixing of the resin or grout with the sliding motion through the resin or grout.
  • the resin mixer is formed integral with or as part of the tendon or rock bolt. Even more preferably the resin mixer also includes a tool being adapted to penetrate and shred packaging in which the resin or grout is contained.
  • the sliding actuator includes an extendible mast to which the gripping means is operatively coupled. More preferably the sliding actuator includes a drive mechanism, such as a hydraulically actuated cylinder, for effecting extension and retraction of the extendible mast.
  • a drive mechanism such as a hydraulically actuated cylinder
  • the sliding actuator includes a mast to which a carriage is slidably coupled, the gripping means being connected to the carriage for sliding movement of the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity. More preferably the sliding actuator includes a drive mechanism, such as a hydraulically actuated cylinder, connected to the carriage to provide sliding movement of the gripping means along the mast.
  • a drive mechanism such as a hydraulically actuated cylinder
  • the apparatus further comprises rotation means operatively coupled to the mast and being adapted for engagement of a proximal end of the tendon or rock bolt for its simultaneous rotation and sliding movement into the cavity.
  • the rotation means includes a motor slidably mounted to the mast and a chuck and/or dolly associated with the motor for releasable engagement with the proximal end of the tendon or rock bolt.
  • the gripping means includes at least one jaw element being configured to releasably grip the tendon or rock bolt. More preferably the jaw element is slidably mounted to the carriage for sliding movement independent of the rotation means.
  • the gripping means includes a barrel and wedge arrangement. Still alternatively the gripping means includes a roller feeder.
  • a resin mixer adapted to locate at a distal end of a tendon or rock bolt for installation within a cavity of a rock strata, the resin mixer comprising:
  • mounting means adapted to provide secure mounting of the resin mixer to the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt
  • the resin mixer also comprises a tool designed to penetrate and shred packaging associated with the resin or grout.
  • Figurel is a schematic elevational view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention for installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata;
  • Figure 2a and 2b are enlarged schematic elevational views of the apparatus of figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic elevational view of a distal end of the tendon or rock bolt together with a resin mixer and resin capsules taken from the apparatus of figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the resin mixer and one of the resin capsules taken from figure 3;
  • Figure 5a to 5n are perspective views of variations on the design of the resin mixer. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
  • FIG. 1 and 2 there is an apparatus 10 for installing a tendonor rock bolt 12 within a cavity 14 of a rock strata 16 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the cavity is in this example man made and more particularly is a drilled hole in the rock strata 16.
  • Tendons is intended to include strata support cables, cable bolts or wire bolts of different configurations.
  • Rock bolts is intended to include roof bolts, reinforcing bar and other rigid or solid bars.
  • the tendon 12 is installed and substantially fully encapsulated within the cavity 14 using pre-installed resin or grout such as resin capsules 20A to 20C located at an end of the cavity 14.
  • the anchored tendon 12 is tensioned within the cavity 14 to support the surrounding rock strata 16.
  • the apparatus 10 generally comprises gripping means 22 being adapted to releasably grip the tendon 12 and a sliding actuator 24 operatively coupled to the gripping means 22 to progressively move the tendon 12 into the cavity 14.
  • the gripping means 22 includes tendon gripper jaws such as 26 being configured to surround and releasably grip around the tendon 12 anywhere along its length.
  • the sliding actuator 24 includes an extendible mast 28 to which the gripping means 22 is operatively coupled.
  • the apparatus 10 of this embodiment also comprises a resin mixer 30.
  • the resin mixer 30 is adapted to locate at a distal end 18 of the tendon 12 for mixing of the resin or grout such as 20A pre-installed in the cavity 14.
  • the resin mixer 30 of this example is elongate having a tendon or rock bolt mount 32 at one end and a tool 34 at an opposite end being adapted to penetrate and shred packaging such as 36A in which the resin or grout such as 20A is contained.
  • the resin mixer 30 also includes one or more mixing elements such as blades 38A and 38B being configured to promote mixing of the resin or grout such as 20A with sliding motion of the resin mixer 30.
  • the resin mixer 30 of this embodiment has the dual function of shredding the packaging and mixing the resin, possibly together with the shredded packaging.
  • the apparatus 10 further comprises rotation means 40 operatively coupled to the extendible mast 24.
  • the rotation means is in the form of a hydraulic motor 40 together with an associated tendon or rock bolt dolly 42 designed for releasable engagement with a tension head 46 located at a proximal end 44 of the tendon 12.
  • the rotation means 40 operates independent of the sliding actuator 24 for engagement with the tension head 46 at the proximal end 44 of the tendon 12 for its simultaneous rotation and sliding movement into the end of the cavity 14.
  • the rotation means 40 is used to tension the tendon 12 via the tension head 46 coupled to its proximal end 44.
  • the tendon 12 may be tensioned without the tension head 46 using for example a conventional barrel and wedge arrangement (not shown).
  • the apparatus 10 of the preceding paragraphs is in this embodiment used to install the tendon 12 in the following sequence of steps: 1 .
  • the distal end 18 of the tendon 12 is located in the entrance 48 to the cavity 14;
  • the tendon 12 is manually slid into the cavity 14 through the open gripping means 22 until its distal end 18 abuts a lowermost of the resin or grout capsules 20A;
  • the tendon 12 is progressively slid into the cavity 14 by:
  • Figure 2a best illustrates these steps involved in installing the tendon or rock bolt 12 within the cavity 14 in the sliding motion.
  • the extendible mast 24 is shown in its retracted position in solid line detail in preparation for the gripping and re-gripping steps of (i) and (iii).
  • the extendible mast 24 is shown in its extended position in broken line detail in preparation for the releasing steps of (ii) and (iv). It will be understood that this progressive sliding movement of the tendon 12 into the cavity 14 will involve repeating steps (i) to (iv) depending on the length of the resin or grout capsules such as 20A to 20C within the cavity 14.
  • the three (3) capsules 20A to 20C will occupy nominally half the length of the cavity 14 at its upper end region.
  • the tendon 12 and its associated resin mixer 30 when it reaches the lower resin capsule 20A continues to move along the cavity 14 in the sliding motion. It will be understood that in the course of sliding the tendon 12 into the cavity 14 it may undergo a limited amount of rotation but without being actively driven to rotate.
  • the tendon 12 may for example rotate under the influence of the resin mixer 30 when released by the gripping means.
  • the gripping means may also allow for rotation of the tendon 12, without being driven to rotate, under the influence of the resin mixer.
  • the resin mixer 30 is designed to both shred the packaging such as 36A of the lower resin capsule 20A and promote mixing of the resin or grout with the cavity 14.
  • the shredding tool 34 includes shredding elements such as spikes 52 located at its leading face for cutting and shredding the packaging 36A to release the resin or grout 20A.
  • the mixing elements such as blades 38A and 38B are shaped and angled so that the resin or grout such as 20A is mixed or stirred on the sliding motion of the resin mixer 30.
  • the mixing blades 38A/B may also assist in shredding of the packaging 36A.
  • the shredding tool 34 and the mixing blades 38A/B are together designed to shred the resin packaging such as 36A to reduce the possibility of "gloving" the mixer 30 or distal end 18 of the tendon or rock bolt 12. "Gloving” can result in difficulty in insertion of the tendon 12 and incomplete encapsulation of the tendon or rock bolt 12 within the cavity 14.
  • the resin mixer 30 when used with rock bolts is also effective in mixing the resin or grout where the rock bolt is not limited to predominantly sliding motion but may be rotated into the cavity 14.
  • FIGS 5a to 5n show variations on the design of the resin mixer 30 of the previous embodiment.
  • the shredding elements or spikes 52 are replaced with tapered spikes 54 which pierce or penetrate the packaging of the capsules.
  • the mixing elements such as blades 38A may be replaced with helical spirals such as 56.
  • the resin mixer 30 in these variations also comprises one or more rows of teeth such as 58 similar to a saw blade and designed to shred the packaging.
  • the resin mixer 30 may be slipped on or mechanically fixed, such as a screw threaded attachment, to the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt. In alternative embodiments the resin mixer 30 need not be attached to the tendon or rock bolt but may for example be:
  • the number of resin cartridges required will depend on various factors including the length of each cartridge, the diameter of the tendon or rock bolt, the diameter of the cavity, and the length of the cavity. Generally full encapsulation is provided where the cartridge(s) nominally occupy half the length of the cavity.
  • the cartridges may be arranged so that the uppermost cartridge has a relatively quick setting resin for anchoring of the tendon or rock bolt prior to tensioning whereas the remaining resin cartridges are relatively slow setting for full encapsulation of the tension after it is tensioned.
  • the apparatus 10 is also used to tension the tendon or rock bolt 12 once it is anchored at the end of the cavity 14.
  • the final location and tensioning of the tendon 12 is shown in figure 2b.
  • the solid line detail shows the rotation means 40 in anticipation of its engagement with the proximal end 44 or tension head 46 of the tendon 12.
  • the hidden line detail of this drawing depicts the rotation means 40 in operation in tensioning the tendon 12 via the tension dolly 42 and the tension head 46 once the tendon 12 is anchored.
  • the extendible mast 24 is retracted in readiness for engagement with the tension head 46 of the tendon 12 and is extended for rotation into the end of the cavity 14.
  • the hydraulic motor 40 thus rotates the tendon and its associated mixer 30 for both its final upward stroke into the end of the cavity 14 and for subsequent tensioning of the tendon 18. In the embodiment described this means that the resin mixer 30 is rotated and slid through the uppermost 20C of the resin cartridges.
  • the resin mixer 30 is preferably made of a disposable material such as plastics. In plastics the resin mixer 30 can be injection moulded in one piece to its relatively complex configuration including the penetration tool and cutting elements. It is understood that the resin mixer 30 may be destroyed in the course of its final installation in the cavity and tensioning of the tendon or rock bolt 12.
  • the resin mixer 30 is designed so that the mixer is a single use item and does not compromise substantially full encapsulation and anchoring of the tendon or rock bolt 12.
  • the tendon or rock bolt can be installed relying on predominantly a sliding action into the cavity
  • the apparatus including in its preferred form the resin mixer promotes mixing of the resin or grout; 3.
  • the apparatus in its preferred form with the resin mixer effectively shreds the packaging associated with the resin or grout to reduce the possibility of gloving;
  • the apparatus provides full or substantially full encapsulation of the tendon or rock bolt without the need for a secondary process of post-grouting to fully encapsulate the tendon or rock bolt;
  • the apparatus may vary from that described where instead of an extendible mast the gripping means may be attached to a carriage slidably mounted to an elongate rail.
  • the gripping means may take the form of a barrel and wedge arrangement.
  • the gripping means may also include a roller feeder or in its simplest form the tendon or rock bolt may be manually slid into the cavity by hand.
  • the methodology may also depart from that described provided installation of the tendon or rock bolt is effected through at least a lower section of the resin capsules with predominantly a sliding motion.
  • the resin mixer may vary in its design with for example one continuous mixing element formed as a screw or helix.
  • the mixing element(s) may include stiff wires or some other configuration used to mix and shred. All such variations and modifications are to be considered within the scope of the present invention the nature of which is to be determined from the foregoing description.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates generally to an apparatus (10) for installing a tendon or rock bolt (12) within a cavity (14) of rock strata (16). The tendon or rock bolt (12) is installed and fully encapsulated within the cavity (14) using pre-installed resin or grout such as resin capsules (20A) to (20C) located at an end of the cavity (14). The anchored tendon or rock bolt (12) is tensioned within the cavity (14) to support the surrounding rock strata (6). The apparatus (10) also comprises a resin mixer (30) adapted to locate at a distal end 16 of the tendon or rock bolt (12) for mixing of the resin or grout such as (20A). The tendon or rock bolt (12) is progressively slid into the cavity (14) by the apparatus (10) in (10) predominantly a sliding motion. The resin mixer (30) also includes one or more mixing elements such as (38A) and (38B) configured to promote mixing of the resin or grout such as (20A).

Description

ROCK BOLT RESIN MIXER
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates broadly to a method of installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata to be supported by the tendon or rock bolt. The invention also relates generally to an apparatus for installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata and relates particularly, although not exclusively, to a resin mixer to be fitted to the tendon or rock bolt.
Background to the Invention
Australian patent no. 719385 is directed to a method of reinforcing rock with a tendon. The tendon is driven into a bore using a drilling rig which includes a drive motor slidably mounted to a vertical slide via a carriage. The tendon is encapsulated in the bore with anchoring material so that the tendon can be tensioned. The drive motor includes a chuck through which the tendon passes in the course of its insertion into the bore. The drive motor commences at the bottom of the slide for gripping and then rotation of the tendon via the chuck. The drive motor moves up the slide during rotation of the tendon. The drive motor halts rotation and releases its grip on the tendon which slides through the chuck when the drive motor is returned to the bottom of the slide. These steps are repeated to insert the tendon in the bore where it is tensioned after it is anchored in position at the upper end of the bore. The tendon is thus simultaneously rotated and slid into the bore using the drilling rig. The rotation of the tendon assists in its passage through the anchoring material in which it is encapsulated.
It is to be understood that any acknowledgement of prior art in this specification is not to be taken as an admission that this prior art is common general knowledge in the relevant art.
Summary of the Invention
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata, said method comprising the steps of: locating a distal end of the tendon or rock bolt in the cavity of the strata to be supported by the tendon or rock bolt;
sliding the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity by:
(i) gripping the tendon or rock bolt with gripping means and urging it in predominantly a sliding motion into the cavity;
(ii) releasing the gripping means from the tendon or rock bolt and moving the gripping means along the tendon or rock bolt away from its distal end. Preferably the tendon or rock bolt is progressively slid into the cavity in stages by:
(iii) re-gripping the tendon or rock bolt with the gripping means and
continuing to urge it in predominantly a sliding motion further into the cavity. Preferably the method also comprises the step of pre-installing resin or grout within the cavity for anchoring of the tendon or rock bolt. More preferably the step of sliding the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity involves mixing of the pre-installed resin or grout under the action of the sliding motion, via a resin mixer located at the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt.
Preferably the method further comprises a subsequent step of engaging a proximal end of the tendon or rock bolt with rotation means which simultaneously rotates and slides the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity independent of the gripping means which is released from the tendon or rock bolt. This subsequent step is performed after the tendon or rock bolt has been progressively slid into the cavity until its proximal end can be engaged in the rotation means. More preferably the tendon or rock bolt is rotated and slid into the cavity via the rotation means. Even more preferably the tendon or rock bolt is anchored in the cavity via the resin or grout and subsequently tensioned. Still more preferably the tendon or rock bolt is substantially fully encapsulated with the resin or grout in the cavity.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus for installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata, said apparatus comprising: gripping means being adapted to releasably grip the tendon or rock bolt having a distal end located in the cavity of the strata to be supported;
a sliding actuator operatively coupled to the gripping means to slide the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity by:
(i) gripping the tendon or rock bolt with the gripping means and urging it in predominantly a sliding motion into the cavity;
(ii) releasing the gripping means from the tendon or rock bolt and moving the gripping means along the tendon away from its distal end. Preferably the tendon or rock bolt is progressively slid into the cavity in stages by:
(iii) re-gripping the tendon or rock bolt with the gripping means and
continuing to urge it in predominantly a sliding motion further into the cavity. Preferably the apparatus also comprises a resin mixer adapted to locate at the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt for mixing of resin or grout pre-installed in the cavity, said mixing being effected by the sliding motion of the tendon or rock bolt and the associated resin mixer. More preferably the resin mixer includes a tendon or rock bolt mount being adapted to provide secure mounting of the resin mixer to the tendon or rock bolt, and one or more mixing elements configured to promote mixing of the resin or grout with the sliding motion through the resin or grout. Alternatively the resin mixer is formed integral with or as part of the tendon or rock bolt. Even more preferably the resin mixer also includes a tool being adapted to penetrate and shred packaging in which the resin or grout is contained.
Preferably the sliding actuator includes an extendible mast to which the gripping means is operatively coupled. More preferably the sliding actuator includes a drive mechanism, such as a hydraulically actuated cylinder, for effecting extension and retraction of the extendible mast.
Alternatively the sliding actuator includes a mast to which a carriage is slidably coupled, the gripping means being connected to the carriage for sliding movement of the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity. More preferably the sliding actuator includes a drive mechanism, such as a hydraulically actuated cylinder, connected to the carriage to provide sliding movement of the gripping means along the mast.
Preferably the apparatus further comprises rotation means operatively coupled to the mast and being adapted for engagement of a proximal end of the tendon or rock bolt for its simultaneous rotation and sliding movement into the cavity. More preferably the rotation means includes a motor slidably mounted to the mast and a chuck and/or dolly associated with the motor for releasable engagement with the proximal end of the tendon or rock bolt.
Preferably the gripping means includes at least one jaw element being configured to releasably grip the tendon or rock bolt. More preferably the jaw element is slidably mounted to the carriage for sliding movement independent of the rotation means. Alternatively the gripping means includes a barrel and wedge arrangement. Still alternatively the gripping means includes a roller feeder.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a resin mixer adapted to locate at a distal end of a tendon or rock bolt for installation within a cavity of a rock strata, the resin mixer comprising:
mounting means adapted to provide secure mounting of the resin mixer to the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt;
one or more mixing elements operatively coupled to the mounting means and configured to promote mixing of resin or grout pre-installed in the cavity. Preferably the resin mixer also comprises a tool designed to penetrate and shred packaging associated with the resin or grout.
Brief Description of the Drawings
In order to achieve a better understanding of the nature of the present invention a preferred embodiment of a method of installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figurel is a schematic elevational view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention for installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata; Figure 2a and 2b are enlarged schematic elevational views of the apparatus of figure 1 ;
Figure 3 is a schematic elevational view of a distal end of the tendon or rock bolt together with a resin mixer and resin capsules taken from the apparatus of figure 1 ; Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the resin mixer and one of the resin capsules taken from figure 3;
Figure 5a to 5n are perspective views of variations on the design of the resin mixer. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
As best shown in figures 1 and 2 there is an apparatus 10 for installing a tendonor rock bolt 12 within a cavity 14 of a rock strata 16 according to an embodiment of the invention. The cavity is in this example man made and more particularly is a drilled hole in the rock strata 16. In this embodiment reference will be limited to the tendon 12 although it should be appreciated that the invention is also applicable to a rock bolt. Tendons is intended to include strata support cables, cable bolts or wire bolts of different configurations. Rock bolts is intended to include roof bolts, reinforcing bar and other rigid or solid bars. The tendon 12 is installed and substantially fully encapsulated within the cavity 14 using pre-installed resin or grout such as resin capsules 20A to 20C located at an end of the cavity 14. The anchored tendon 12 is tensioned within the cavity 14 to support the surrounding rock strata 16.
The apparatus 10 generally comprises gripping means 22 being adapted to releasably grip the tendon 12 and a sliding actuator 24 operatively coupled to the gripping means 22 to progressively move the tendon 12 into the cavity 14. In this embodiment the gripping means 22 includes tendon gripper jaws such as 26 being configured to surround and releasably grip around the tendon 12 anywhere along its length. The sliding actuator 24 includes an extendible mast 28 to which the gripping means 22 is operatively coupled. As best shown in figures 3 and 4 the apparatus 10 of this embodiment also comprises a resin mixer 30. The resin mixer 30 is adapted to locate at a distal end 18 of the tendon 12 for mixing of the resin or grout such as 20A pre-installed in the cavity 14. The resin mixer 30 of this example is elongate having a tendon or rock bolt mount 32 at one end and a tool 34 at an opposite end being adapted to penetrate and shred packaging such as 36A in which the resin or grout such as 20A is contained. The resin mixer 30 also includes one or more mixing elements such as blades 38A and 38B being configured to promote mixing of the resin or grout such as 20A with sliding motion of the resin mixer 30. The resin mixer 30 of this embodiment has the dual function of shredding the packaging and mixing the resin, possibly together with the shredded packaging.
As best shown in figures 1 and 2 the apparatus 10 further comprises rotation means 40 operatively coupled to the extendible mast 24. The rotation means is in the form of a hydraulic motor 40 together with an associated tendon or rock bolt dolly 42 designed for releasable engagement with a tension head 46 located at a proximal end 44 of the tendon 12. The rotation means 40 operates independent of the sliding actuator 24 for engagement with the tension head 46 at the proximal end 44 of the tendon 12 for its simultaneous rotation and sliding movement into the end of the cavity 14. The rotation means 40 is used to tension the tendon 12 via the tension head 46 coupled to its proximal end 44. Alternatively the tendon 12 may be tensioned without the tension head 46 using for example a conventional barrel and wedge arrangement (not shown). The general steps involved in installing a tendon or rock bolt 12 within a cavity 14 of a rock strata 16 will now be described. The apparatus 10 of the preceding paragraphs is in this embodiment used to install the tendon 12 in the following sequence of steps: 1 . The distal end 18 of the tendon 12 is located in the entrance 48 to the cavity 14;
2. The tendon 12 is manually slid into the cavity 14 through the open gripping means 22 until its distal end 18 abuts a lowermost of the resin or grout capsules 20A;
3. The tendon 12 is progressively slid into the cavity 14 by:
i) gripping the tendon 12 with the gripping means 22 and extending the extendible mast 24 to urge the tendon 12 in predominantly a sliding motion into the cavity 14;
ii) releasing the gripping means 22 from the tendon 12 and retracting the extendible mast 24 to move the gripping means 22 along the tendon 12 away from its distal end 18; iii) re-gripping the tendon 12 with the gripping means 22 and extending the extendible mast 24 to continue to urge the tendon 12 in predominantly a sliding motion further into the cavity 14;
iv) releasing the gripping means 22 from the tendon 12 and retracting the extendible mast 24 to move the gripping means 22 along the tendon 12 away from its distal end 18.
Figure 2a best illustrates these steps involved in installing the tendon or rock bolt 12 within the cavity 14 in the sliding motion. The extendible mast 24 is shown in its retracted position in solid line detail in preparation for the gripping and re-gripping steps of (i) and (iii). The extendible mast 24 is shown in its extended position in broken line detail in preparation for the releasing steps of (ii) and (iv). It will be understood that this progressive sliding movement of the tendon 12 into the cavity 14 will involve repeating steps (i) to (iv) depending on the length of the resin or grout capsules such as 20A to 20C within the cavity 14. In the preceding embodiment it is likely that the three (3) capsules will be around four (4) metres long which means that for an extendible mast 24 having a throw of around one metre, steps (i) to (iv) will need to occur no more than twice for four upward strokes of the extendible mast 14. In the particular installation described the three resin capsules 20A to 20C will occupy nominally half the length of the cavity 14 at its upper end region. The tendon 12 and its associated resin mixer 30 when it reaches the lower resin capsule 20A continues to move along the cavity 14 in the sliding motion. It will be understood that in the course of sliding the tendon 12 into the cavity 14 it may undergo a limited amount of rotation but without being actively driven to rotate. The tendon 12 may for example rotate under the influence of the resin mixer 30 when released by the gripping means. The gripping means may also allow for rotation of the tendon 12, without being driven to rotate, under the influence of the resin mixer. The resin mixer 30 is designed to both shred the packaging such as 36A of the lower resin capsule 20A and promote mixing of the resin or grout with the cavity 14. In this example and as best shown in figure 4 the shredding tool 34 includes shredding elements such as spikes 52 located at its leading face for cutting and shredding the packaging 36A to release the resin or grout 20A. The mixing elements such as blades 38A and 38B are shaped and angled so that the resin or grout such as 20A is mixed or stirred on the sliding motion of the resin mixer 30. The mixing blades 38A/B may also assist in shredding of the packaging 36A. The shredding tool 34 and the mixing blades 38A/B are together designed to shred the resin packaging such as 36A to reduce the possibility of "gloving" the mixer 30 or distal end 18 of the tendon or rock bolt 12. "Gloving" can result in difficulty in insertion of the tendon 12 and incomplete encapsulation of the tendon or rock bolt 12 within the cavity 14. The resin mixer 30 when used with rock bolts is also effective in mixing the resin or grout where the rock bolt is not limited to predominantly sliding motion but may be rotated into the cavity 14.
Figures 5a to 5n show variations on the design of the resin mixer 30 of the previous embodiment. For ease of reference like components of the various designs have been designated with the same reference numerals. The shredding elements or spikes 52 are replaced with tapered spikes 54 which pierce or penetrate the packaging of the capsules. The mixing elements such as blades 38A may be replaced with helical spirals such as 56. The resin mixer 30 in these variations also comprises one or more rows of teeth such as 58 similar to a saw blade and designed to shred the packaging. The resin mixer 30 may be slipped on or mechanically fixed, such as a screw threaded attachment, to the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt. In alternative embodiments the resin mixer 30 need not be attached to the tendon or rock bolt but may for example be:
i) installed in the drilled hole or cavity prior to installing the resin capsules; ii) fitted between multiple resin capsules;
iii) fitted externally to a resin capsule;
iv) fitting internally within a resin capsule.
For substantially full encapsulation of the tendon or rock bolt 12, the number of resin cartridges required will depend on various factors including the length of each cartridge, the diameter of the tendon or rock bolt, the diameter of the cavity, and the length of the cavity. Generally full encapsulation is provided where the cartridge(s) nominally occupy half the length of the cavity. The cartridges may be arranged so that the uppermost cartridge has a relatively quick setting resin for anchoring of the tendon or rock bolt prior to tensioning whereas the remaining resin cartridges are relatively slow setting for full encapsulation of the tension after it is tensioned.
The apparatus 10 is also used to tension the tendon or rock bolt 12 once it is anchored at the end of the cavity 14. The final location and tensioning of the tendon 12 is shown in figure 2b. The solid line detail shows the rotation means 40 in anticipation of its engagement with the proximal end 44 or tension head 46 of the tendon 12. The hidden line detail of this drawing depicts the rotation means 40 in operation in tensioning the tendon 12 via the tension dolly 42 and the tension head 46 once the tendon 12 is anchored. The extendible mast 24 is retracted in readiness for engagement with the tension head 46 of the tendon 12 and is extended for rotation into the end of the cavity 14. The hydraulic motor 40 thus rotates the tendon and its associated mixer 30 for both its final upward stroke into the end of the cavity 14 and for subsequent tensioning of the tendon 18. In the embodiment described this means that the resin mixer 30 is rotated and slid through the uppermost 20C of the resin cartridges.
The resin mixer 30 is preferably made of a disposable material such as plastics. In plastics the resin mixer 30 can be injection moulded in one piece to its relatively complex configuration including the penetration tool and cutting elements. It is understood that the resin mixer 30 may be destroyed in the course of its final installation in the cavity and tensioning of the tendon or rock bolt 12. The resin mixer 30 is designed so that the mixer is a single use item and does not compromise substantially full encapsulation and anchoring of the tendon or rock bolt 12.
Now that a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the method of installation together with the apparatus for installing have at least the following advantages:
1 . The tendon or rock bolt can be installed relying on predominantly a sliding action into the cavity;
2. The apparatus including in its preferred form the resin mixer promotes mixing of the resin or grout; 3. The apparatus in its preferred form with the resin mixer effectively shreds the packaging associated with the resin or grout to reduce the possibility of gloving;
4. The apparatus provides full or substantially full encapsulation of the tendon or rock bolt without the need for a secondary process of post-grouting to fully encapsulate the tendon or rock bolt;
5. The method of installation whilst eliminating the need for rotation in the initial sliding insertion of the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity otherwise allows for effective anchoring and substantially full encapsulation of the tendon or rock bolt.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention described herein is susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. For example, the apparatus may vary from that described where instead of an extendible mast the gripping means may be attached to a carriage slidably mounted to an elongate rail. The gripping means may take the form of a barrel and wedge arrangement. The gripping means may also include a roller feeder or in its simplest form the tendon or rock bolt may be manually slid into the cavity by hand. The methodology may also depart from that described provided installation of the tendon or rock bolt is effected through at least a lower section of the resin capsules with predominantly a sliding motion. The resin mixer may vary in its design with for example one continuous mixing element formed as a screw or helix. The mixing element(s) may include stiff wires or some other configuration used to mix and shred. All such variations and modifications are to be considered within the scope of the present invention the nature of which is to be determined from the foregoing description.

Claims

A method of installing a tendon or rock bolt within a cavity of a rock strata, said method comprising the steps of:
locating a distal end of the tendon or rock bolt in the cavity of the strata to be supported by the tendon or rock bolt;
sliding the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity by:
(i) gripping the tendon or rock bolt with gripping means and urging it in predominantly a sliding motion into the cavity;
(ii) releasing the gripping means from the tendon or rock bolt and moving the gripping means along the tendon or rock bolt away from its distal end.
A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the tendon or rock bolt is progressively slid into the cavity in stages by:
(iii) re-gripping the tendon or rock bolt with the gripping means and
continuing to urge it in predominantly a sliding motion further into the cavity.
A method as defined in either of claims 1 or 2 also comprising the step of pre- installing resin or grout within the cavity for anchoring of the tendon or rock bolt.
A method as defined in claim 3 wherein the step of sliding the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity involves mixing of the pre-installed resin or grout under the action of the sliding motion, via a resin mixer located at the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt.
5. A method as defined in any one of the preceding claims further comprising a subsequent step of engaging a proximal end of the tendon or rock bolt with rotation means which simultaneously rotates and slides the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity independent of the gripping means which is released from the tendon or rock bolt.
6. A method as defined in claim 5 wherein this subsequent step is performed after the tendon or rock bolt has been progressively slid into the cavity until its proximal end can be engaged in the rotation means.
7. A method as defined in either of claims 5 or 6 wherein the tendon or rock bolt is rotated and slid into the cavity via the rotation means.
8. A method as defined in claim 3 wherein the tendon or rock bolt is anchored in the cavity via the resin or grout and subsequently tensioned.
9. A method as defined in claim 8 wherein the tendon or rock bolt is substantially fully encapsulated with the resin or grout in the cavity.
10. An apparatus for installing a tendon within a cavity of a rock strata, said
apparatus comprising:
gripping means being adapted to releasably grip the tendon or rock bolt having a distal end located in the cavity of the strata to be supported;
a sliding actuator operatively coupled to the gripping means to slide the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity by:
(i) gripping the tendon or rock bolt with the gripping means and urging it in predominantly a sliding motion into the cavity;
(ii) releasing the gripping means from the tendon or rock bolt and moving the gripping means along the tendon or rock bolt away from its distal end.
1 1 . An apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein the tendon or rock bolt is
progressively slid into the cavity in stages by:
(iii) re-gripping the tendon or rock bolt with the gripping means and
continuing to urge it in predominantly a sliding motion further into the cavity.
12. An apparatus as defined in either of claims 10 or 1 1 also comprising a resin mixer adapted to locate at the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt for mixing of resin or grout pre-installed in the cavity, said mixing being effected by the sliding motion of the tendon or rock bolt and the associated resin mixer.
13. An apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein the resin mixer includes a tendon or rock bolt mount being adapted to provide secure mounting of the resin mixer to the tendon or rock bolt, and one or more mixing elements configured to promote mixing of the resin or grout with the sliding motion through the resin or grout.
14. An apparatus as defined in either of claims 12 or 13 wherein the resin mixer also includes a tool being adapted to penetrate and shred packaging in which the resin or grout is contained.
15. An apparatus as defined in any one of claims 10 to 14 wherein the sliding
actuator includes an extendible mast to which the gripping means is
operatively coupled.
16. An apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein the sliding actuator includes a drive mechanism for effecting extension and retraction of the extendible mast.
17. An apparatus as defined in any one of claims 10 to 14 wherein the sliding
actuator includes a mast to which a carriage is slidably coupled, the gripping means being connected to the carriage for sliding movement of the tendon or rock bolt into the cavity.
18. An apparatus as defined in claim 17 wherein the sliding actuator includes a drive mechanism connected to the carriage to provide sliding movement of the gripping means along the mast.
19. An apparatus as defined in any one of claims 10 to 18 further comprising
rotation means operatively coupled to the mast and being adapted for engagement of a proximal end of the tendon or rock bolt for its simultaneous rotation and sliding movement into the cavity.
20. An apparatus as defined in claim 19 wherein the rotation means includes a motor slidably mounted to the mast and a chuck and/or dolly associated with the motor for releasable engagement with the proximal end of the tendon or rock bolt.
21 . An apparatus as defined in any one of claims 10 to 20 wherein the gripping means includes at least one jaw element being configured to releasably grip the tendon or rock bolt.
22. An apparatus as defined in claim 21 wherein the jaw element is slidably
mounted to the carriage for sliding movement independent of the rotation means.
23. A resin mixer adapted to locate at a distal end of a tendon or rock bolt for installation within a cavity of a rock strata, the resin mixer comprising:
mounting means adapted to provide secure mounting of the resin mixer to the distal end of the tendon or rock bolt;
one or more mixing elements operatively coupled to the mounting means and configured to promote mixing of resin or grout pre-installed in the cavity.
24. A resin mixer as defined in claim 23 also comprises a tool designed to
penetrate and shred packaging associated with the resin or grout.
PCT/AU2013/000371 2012-04-10 2013-04-10 Rock bolt resin mixer WO2013152393A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2013247393A AU2013247393A1 (en) 2012-04-10 2013-04-10 Rock bolt resin mixer

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2012901399 2012-04-10
AU2012901399A AU2012901399A0 (en) 2012-04-10 Method of Installing a Tendon within a Cavity of a Rock Strata

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013152393A1 true WO2013152393A1 (en) 2013-10-17

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CN112431626A (en) * 2020-11-23 2021-03-02 山东建筑大学 Prestressed grouting anchor rod with hydraulic telescopic sleeve, grouting system and method

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WO2018227218A3 (en) * 2017-06-07 2019-01-17 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd A resin anchored rock bolt with a piercing end
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CN110344867B (en) * 2019-08-23 2024-03-15 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Early-anchored pipe cable anchor rod suitable for large-deformation stratum and construction method

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