AU2010291864B2 - Rock bolt drive assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A drive assembly for a rock bolt having a shaft, the drive assembly comprising a drive receiving portion adapted to be part of or disposed on or about the shaft, the drive receiving portion having a dolly engagement end surface, and a dolly having a bolt engagement end surface, the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface each having a profile adapted such that operative engagement to impart rotary drive between the drive receiving portion and the dolly is effected by contact in an end-to-end arrangement between the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface.

Description

- 1 ROCK BOLT DRIVE ASSEMBLY Technical Field 5 The present disclosure relates to rock bolts and in particular to drive assemblies for tensioning rock bolts suitable for use in the mining and tunnelling industry to provide rock and wall support. The bolts and assemblies are suitable for use in hard rock applications as well as in softer strata, such as that often found in coal mines, and it is to be appreciated that the term "rock" as used in the specification is to be given a broad 10 meaning to cover both these applications. Background Roof and wall support is vital in mining and tunnelling operations. Mine and tunnel is walls and roofs consist of rock strata, which must be reinforced to prevent the possibility of collapse. Rock bolts, such as rigid shaft rock bolts and flexible cable bolts are widely used for consolidating the rock strata. In conventional strata support systems, a bore is drilled into the rock by a drill rod, 20 which is then removed and a rock bolt is then installed in the drilled hole and secured in place typically using a resin or cement based grout. The rock bolt is tensioned which allows consolidation of the adjacent strata by placing that strata in compression. To allow the rock bolt to be tensioned, the end of the bolt may be anchored 25 mechanically to the rock formation by engagement of an expansion assembly on the end of bolt with the rock formation. Alternatively, the bolt may be adhesively bonded to the rock formation with a resin bonding material inserted into the bore hole. Alternatively, a combination of mechanical anchoring and resin bonding can be employed by using both an expansion assembly and resin bonding material. 30 When resin bonding material is used, it penetrates the surrounding rock formation to adhesively unite the rock strata and to hold firmly the rock bolt within the bore hole.

- 2 Resin is typically inserted into the bore hole in the form of a two component plastic cartridge having one component containing a curable resin composition and another component containing a curing agent (catalyst). The two component resin cartridge is inserted into the blind end of the bore hole and the rock bolt is inserted into the bore 5 hole such that the end of the rock bolt ruptures the two component resin cartridge. Upon rotation of the rock bolt about its longitudinal axis, the compartments within the resin cartridge are shredded and the components are mixed. The resin mixture fills the annular area between the bore hole wall and the shaft of the rock bolt. The mixed resin cures and binds the rock bolt to the surrounding rock. 10 Tension assemblies have been proposed to provide tension along rock bolts, for example, which in turn provides a compressive force on the substrate, such as a mine shaft roof substrate, about the bolt. In one such assembly, a nut placed onto a thread on the rock bolt is rotated, after setting of the resin, toward and to abut the substrate about 1 the bore hole either directly or through a bearer plate disposed on the shaft between the substrate and the nut. Rotation of the nut is continued for a predetermined number of turns to provide tension along the cable. Other arrangements of tension assemblies have been proposed which involve rotation of 20 components to induce tension on the rock bolt in a similar was to that provided by the nut described above. Accordingly it is desirable to impart rotary drive to a rock bolt or related components during installation and/or tensioning of the rock bolt. 25 Summary of the Disclosure Disclosed is a drive assembly for a rock bolt having a shaft, the drive assembly comprising a drive receiving portion adapted to be part of or disposed on or about the 30 shaft, the drive receiving portion having a dolly engagement end surface, and a dolly having a bolt engagement end surface, the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface each having a profile adapted such that operative engagement - 3 to impart rotary drive between the drive receiving portion and the dolly is effected by contact in an end-to-end arrangement between the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface. 5 In one form the drive receiving portion is adapted to be mounted on the shaft. In one form the drive receiving portion comprises a body having an internal cavity, such that the shaft can be inserted into the internal cavity. 10 In one form the dolly includes an internal cavity and an opening extending into the cavity adapted such that in use the shaft can extend into the internal cavity. In one form the bolt engagement end surface is disposed around the opening. is The profiled engagement ends on each of the dolly and the drive receiving portion mean drive can be imparted from the dolly to the rock bolt shaft either directly (if the drive receiving portion is a part of the shaft) or through engagement of the drive receiving portion with the rock bolt shaft. This means drive can be imparted while maintaining an external diameter of the dolly that is no greater than the drive receiving portion, 20 whether that is part of the shaft or attached with or mounted on the shaft. This has advantages for working in confined spaces and for maintaining a narrow diameter of access to the bore in the rock face and for maintaining a narrow bore diameter. The profiled engagement ends are shaped to complement one another such that rotation 25 of the dolly imparts drive to the drive receiving portion. In one arrangement the profile is wave shaped, with the waves comprising a trough and a peak with opposing surfaces extending between the trough and the peak. In this arrangement one of the opposing surfaces is angled with respect to the axis of rotation of the dolly or the drive receiving portion. The second opposing surface, which acts as the abutment surface when drive is 30 being imparted from the dolly to the drive receiving portion, is aligned with the axis of rotation. This arrangement allows for a one-way rotation in which the dolly and the - 4 drive receiving portion are not biased away from one another when rotation is being imparted upon the drive receiving portion. Alternative arrangements of the profiled engagement surfaces are available. For 5 example a toothed arrangement in which both surfaces extending between the trough and the peak are aligned with the axis of rotation would result in a two-way rotation. A profile where both surfaces were sloped with respect to the angle of rotation is also available. A profile consisting of cavities extending into the end engagement surface of one of the dolly and the drive receiving portion complementing protrusions extending 10 from the other of the dolly and the drive receiving portions is viable both in a one-way form and a two way form. Other alternatives include a ridged profile or a profile comprising complementary splines or alternative tooth profiles. In one form during engagement the dolly engagement end surface and the bolt 15 engagement end surface are substantially aligned. In one form the operative engagement allows rotation of the dolly about an axis to effect rotation of the drive receiving portion. 20 In one form the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface have substantially similar cross sectional areas. In one form the dolly has a driver body which defines the cavity and wherein the bolt engagement end surface does not extend laterally beyond the periphery of the driver 25 body. In one form the drive receiving portion has a drive receiving portion body and wherein the dolly engagement end surface does not extend laterally beyond the periphery of the drive receiving portion body. 30 In one form the bolt engagement end surface does not extend laterally beyond the periphery of the drive receiving portion body.

- 5 In one form, rotation of the drive receiving portion effects tensioning of the rock bolt. The drive receiving portion, in one arrangement, forms part of the rock bolt shaft, 5 providing for direct drive of the rock bolt shaft by the dolly. Alternatively the drive receiving portion is directly engaged with the rock bolt shaft by welding or other attachment methods or engages the rock bolt shaft through a flower shaped cavity in the drive receiving portion of through a press fit or other means. In this arrangement the drive receiving portion directly effects rotation of the rock bolt shaft. This rotation can 10 be utilised for spinning the rock bolt shaft within the bore for the purpose of anchoring the rock bolt shaft in the bore through an anchor or by mixing a resin located at the distal end of the shaft in the blind end of the bore. Alternatively the drive receiving portion comprises a nut disposed upon the shaft via an internal thread. If the nut is attached with the shaft by means of an internal thread, the rotation of the nut results in 15 movement of the nut with respect to the shaft. Alternatively the drive receiving portion forms part of a tensioning assembly which engages with the rock bolt shaft to impart tension to the rock bolt shaft. In this form the drive receiving portion may receive drive to rotate the rock bolt shaft or a component of 20 the tensioning assembly so as to place the rock bolt shaft under tension. In a second aspect, disclosed is a method of driving a rock bolt in a bore formed in rock strata, the rock bolt having a shaft and a drive receiving portion on or about the shaft, the drive receiving portion having a dolly engagement end surface, the method 25 comprising the steps of positioning a driver in an end to end arrangement with the drive receiving portion such that a bolt engagement end surface on the driver is in contact with the dolly engagement end surface, rotating the bolt engagement end surface such that contact between the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface effects rotation of the drive receiving portion. 30 - 6 In one form the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface are profiled. In one form the profiles of the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface are complementary wave-shaped profiles. 5 In a third aspect, disclosed is a dolly for driving a drive receiving portion associated with a rock bolt having a shaft, the dolly having an engagement end surface, the engagement end surface having a profile adapted such that operative engagement to impart rotary drive between the drive receiving portion and the dolly is effected by contact in an end-to-end arrangement between the bolt engagement end surface and the 10 drive receiving portion. In one form the dolly further comprises a body, the body defining an internal cavity, and an opening extending into the cavity, and wherein the bolt engagement end surface is disposed around the opening. 15 In a fourth aspect, disclosed is a drive receiving portion associated with a rock bolt having a shaft, the drive receiving portion having a dolly engagement end surface, the dolly engagement end surface having a profile adapted such that operative engagement to impart rotary drive between the drive receiving portion and a dolly is effected by 20 contact in an end-to-end arrangement between the dolly engagement end surface and the dolly. In one form the drive receiving portion further comprises a body, and an internal cavity extending through the body and wherein the engagement end surface is disposed around 25 an opening to the cavity. In a fifth aspect, disclosed is a rock bolt including a rock bolt having a shaft and a drive receiving portion according to the fourth aspect. 30 Brief Description of the Drawings Embodiments will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the -7 accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the tensioning device disposed on a cable bolt; 5 Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the tensioning device of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the base member of a tensioning device of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the base member of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a top view of the base member of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the bearer member of a tensioning device of 10 Fig.1; Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the member of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a top view of the member of Fig. 6; Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the tensioning device of Fig. 1 connected to a bearing plate and cable bolt; 15 Fig. 10 is cross-sectional view of the device of the assembly of Fig. 9; Figs. 11 A to C show a perspective view from above, a plan view and a cross sectional elevation of an alternative bearer member; Figs. 12A and B show a plan view and a cross-sectional side view of a bearing plate for use with the bearer member of Fig. 11; 20 Figs. 13A to C show a perspective view from below, a view from below and a side view of a bearing plate of a cable bolt tensioning assembly in accordance with a further embodiment; Figs. 14A, B and C show a perspective view from below, a view from below and a sectional view of a bearer member of a cable bolt tensioning assembly for use 25 with the bearing plate of Fig. 13; Figs. 15A and B illustrate operation of the bearer member of Fig. 13 with the bearing plate of Fig. 14; Figs. 16A, B and C show a perspective view from below, a view from below and a side view of a bearing plate for a cable bolt tensioning assembly in accordance 30 with a further embodiment; - 8 Figs. 17A, B and C show a perspective view from below, a view from below, and a sectional view of a bearer member head for a cable bolt tensioning assembly in accordance with a further embodiment for use with the bearing plate of Fig. 16; Figs. 18A and B illustrate operation of the bearer member of Fig. 17 with the 5 bearing plate of Fig. 16; Figs. 19A and B show a view from above and a side view of a bearer member head for a cable bolt tensioning assembly in accordance with yet a further embodiment; Figs. 20A and B show a view from the side and a view from below of a bearing plate for use with the bearer member of Figs. 19A and B; 10 Figs. 21A and B show a view from above and a side view of a bearer member head for a cable bolt tensioning assembly in accordance with yet a further embodiment; Figs. 22A and B show a side view and a view from below of a bearing plate for use with the bearing member of Figs. 21A and 21B; Fig 23 shows a cross-sectional elevation of a tensioning assembly according to 15 yet a further form; Fig. 24 is a perspective view from below of the actuator of a tensioning device of Fig. 1; Fig. 25 is a cross- sectional elevation of the actuator of Fig. 24; Fig. 26 is a detailed view to an enlarged scale of the end engagement profile of 20 the actuator of Fig. 24; Fig. 27 is a perspective view of a cable bolt tensioning dolly according to an embodiment, in a first mode; Fig. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the dolly of Fig. 27; Fig. 29 is a perspective view of the dolly of Fig. 27 in a second mode; 25 Fig. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the dolly of Fig. 29; Fig. 31 is a perspective view of the dolly of Fig. 27 in a third mode; Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the dolly of Fig. 31; and Figs. 33 to 42 are installation sequences (showing assembly side elevations and cross-sectional views) for installing the tensioning device of Fig. 1 using the dolly of 30 Fig. 27 in rock strata.

- 9 Detailed Description of Embodiments The following description relates to a drive coupling (otherwise known as a dolly) used to impart drive (typically from a mining drill rig) to a tensioning assembly as best 5 shown in Figs. 27 to 32. The description also relates to assemblies (best seen in Figs. 1 to 26) for tensioning rock bolts that have been installed in a bore in rock strata and anchored to the rock strata typically by a chemical and/or mechanical anchoring process and to installation procedures (shown in Figs. 33 to 42) utilising the described tensioning assemblies and/or the drive couplings. 10 Tensioning Assembly Referring firstly to the Figs. I to 10, a first embodiment of a tensioning assembly 1 is shown. The tensioning assembly 1 is for use with a rock bolt 2 having a shaft 3 typically formed from wire strands that are bundled together. In use, the rock bolt is is installed in a bore 501 (see Fig. 33) formed in the rock strata 500 with a distal end (not shown) of the bolt 2 being disposed adjacent the blind end of the bore 501 and a proximal end portion 3b arranged to project from the bore 501. The tensioning assembly 1 is arranged to be fitted onto that proximal end portion 3b so that it is disposed at an exterior surface 502 of the rock strata. 20 The tensioning assembly comprises three primary components; a base member 5 which is fixed to the shaft 3, a bearer member 10 which is movable relative to the base member along the shaft and which is arranged to abut either directly or indirectly the rock strata 500, and an actuator 16 that is engageable with both the bearer member and 25 the base member and operative to transmit a biasing force to move the bearer member away from the base member which in use provides tensioning to the cable as will be described in more detail below. In the illustrated form, the base member 5 comprises a first part that forms a barrel 7, a 30 second part that forms a stem 8, and tension wedges 6 which are located within the barrel 7 which in use secure the base member 5 with respect to the shaft 3. The tension wedges 6 have an inner wedge face 6a for defining a cable receiving passage for - 10 receiving the cable 2 and an outer wedge face 6b, opposite the inner wedge face. The outer wedge face has a profile complementary to the interior of the barrel 7. The tension wedges 6 are forced into engagement with the cable under loading of the barrel in the direction of the cable proximal end 3b. Further the barrel 7 and wedges 6 have 5 sufficient strength to prevent shear stress failure to ensure that the cable 2 is held in place by the tension wedges 6 within the barrel 7 under this loading. The stem 8 of the base member 5 extends from the barrel 7 and along the cable 3. The stem 8 is cylindrical and merges with the barrel to form an annular shoulder 31 that in 10 use faces towards the distal end of the rock bolt 2. An interior passage 32 is provided to allow the cable shaft 3 to be inserted through the stem and the stem has a non-circular exterior surface 33 that includes key surfaces 9 which as shown are formed as flats on the exterior 33 of the stem 8. is The bearer member 10 is mounted on, and moveable with respect to, the stem portion 8. As best seen in Figs. 6 to 8, the bearer member 10 comprises an externally threaded body 11 and a dome head 13 at one end of the body. The body 11 has an internal cavity 34, the walls 35 of which are complementary to the exterior 33 of the stem 8 and include internal keyed sections 12. The internal keyed sections 12 are located within 20 the cavity such that when the bearer member 10 locates over the base member 5 (such that stem 8 extends into the cavity in bearer member 10), the external keyed sections 9 on the stem 8 engage with the internal keyed sections 12 on the bearer member 10 thereby inhibiting the rotation of the bearer member 10 with respect to the base member 12 about the longitudinal axis of the shaft 3. However, the bearer member 10 is 25 movable along the stem 8 in the direction of the axis of the cable. The bearer member 10 is arranged so that the dome head 13 engages directly or indirectly with the rock surface into which the rock bolt extends. The head 13 which incorporates an opening 35 to allow passage of the cable shaft 3 through the bearer 30 member, may be shaped other than a dome (for example being flattened to form a plate like appearance) so that it is engageable directly with the rock surface. However, in the illustrated forms, the dome head 13 is arranged to engage a separate rock bolt bearer - 11 plate 30 (see Figs. 9 and 10) which in use is positioned between the rock surface and the bearer member 10. The dome head 13 shown in Figs 1 to 10 is hemispherical and engages with an inner 5 edge 36 of the plate 30 (as best shown in Fig. 10) formed on a boss 42 of the plate 30. This direct contact is arranged to provide sufficient frictional resistance so that in tensioning of the device 1 the engagement between the plate 30 and the head 13 inhibits rotation of the head relative to the plate 30. Further the use of a generally hemispherical head 30 allows the head to remain engaged (and thereby provide the rotational 10 resistance) with the plate 30 when the bearer member 10 is tilted at an angle with respect to the bearing plate 30, allowing for the axis of the rock bolt to be tilted with respect to the bearing plate 30, which may occur in use. As will be explained in more detail below, the inhibiting of the rotation of the bearer member assists in preventing twisting of the cable during tensioning. 15 Figs. 11 to 22 disclose alternative embodiments of the tensioning device where, rather than relying on frictional resistance between the head and the plate 30, a positive engagement arrangement is provided where the head and plate have cooperating surfaces, to inhibit rotation of the head 13 relative to the plate 30. 20 In the arrangement of Figs. 11 and 12, the head 13a is profiled to include offset lateral buttress surfaces 91. The buttress surfaces 91 are angularly spaced apart about, and project radially from, the head 13a. The buttress surfaces are adapted to engage with corresponding surfaces 92 in the bearing plate 30a shown in Figs. 12A and 12B. In this 25 way under clockwise rotation (looking from the lower end of the bearer 10) the surfaces 91, 92 are arranged to engage so as to provide positive engagement to inhibit rotation of the bearer member 10 with respect to the plate 30a. In the illustrated embodiment, the buttress surfaces 91 extend from the top of the "dome" of the head. This allows for the surfaces 91, 92 to remain engaged when the bearer member 10 is tilted at an angle with 30 respect to the bearing plate 30a, again allowing for the axis of the rock bolt to be tilted with respect to the bearing plate 30a.

- 12 Figs. 13 through 15 illustrate an embodiment where the head 13b is provided with a key projection 100 which is arranged to interact with a corresponding slot 101 in the boss 42b of bearing plate 30b. In operation the key projection 100 fits within the slot 101 and relative rotation between the bearing plate 30b and bearer member 10 is prevented. 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the key projection 100 extends from the top of the dome of the head 13b to the lower end of the head. This allows for the key projection 100 to still engage with the slot 101 when the bearer member 10 is tilted at an angle with respect to the bearing plate 30b. 10 Figs. 15A and B illustrate how the bearer member head 13b interacts with the bearing plate 30b in operation, with the key 100 fitting into the slot 101. Note that in the drawings, only the dome head 13b of the bearer member 10 is shown. 1 In Fig. 14C the presence of the rest of the bearer member 10 is indicated by ghost lines 110. Figs. 16 through 18 show an alternative embodiment, in which a slot 120 is provided in the domed head 13c of the bearer 10 and a complementary key projection 121 is 20 mounted in the boss 42c of the bearing plate 30c. Operation of the embodiment of Figs. 16 through 18 is similar to the operation of the embodiment of Figs. 13 through 15, except the key 121 is provided in the bearing plate 30c and the slot 120 is provided in the head 13c. 25 Figs 19 and 20 illustrate yet a further way in which the bearer member 10 may engage with the bearing plate. In this embodiment, the domed head 13d of the bearer member 10 is provided with a plurality of key surfaces 150. The key surfaces 150 have edges 151 that define boundaries between each key surface 150. Complementary receiving key surfaces 152 with edges 153 are provided in the receiving boss 42d of the bearing 30 plate 30d.

- 13 In operation the key surfaces 150 of the head 13d engage with complementary key surfaces 152 of the boss 42d, preventing relative rotation between the bearer member 10 and the bearing plate 30d. 5 Figs. 21 and 22 show yet a further embodiment which utilises key surfaces 160 and edges 161 on the head 13c. These key surfaces 160 are similar in operation to the key surfaces of Figure 19, but there are less of them. Complementary key surfaces are provided on the boss 42e of the bearing plate 30e. They comprise complementary surfaces 163 and edges 164. 10 As well as the above embodiments, there may be other arrangements which facilitate engagement of the domed head of the bearer member 10 with the bearing plate so that the bearing member does not rotate, and the cable is not twisted. For example, the embodiments of Figs 13 through 18 show only one key in slot arrangement. There may is be two key in slot arrangements on opposite sides of the domed surface/bearing plate boss, or more than two. Arrangements causing interference between the head and bearing plate could even be used in rock bolt tensioning assemblies that vary from the embodiments described with 20 reference to Figs I to 10. In fact, any rock bolt tensioning assembly which requires interaction between a head of a tensioning component and a bearing plate may utilise any of these arrangements. A further embodiment of the tensioning device 1 is disclosed in Fig. 23 where the base 25 member 5 does not include a stem portion but merely includes the barrel 7 and wedges 6 which clamp that member to the cable 3 as described above. To restrict rotational movement of the bearer member 10 relative to the cable, but still allow longitudinal movement (in a manner akin to that provided by keying of the bearer member 10 to stem 8 in the earlier embodiments), a "flower" insert 40 is provided in the cavity 35 30 which is contoured to receive the individual stands of the rock bolt shaft 3. In this way the bearer member 10 engages directly with the cable shaft rather than engages the base member 5 as in the earlier embodiment. The arrangement of Fig. 23 is not as preferred - 14 as the earlier arrangements, as the bearer member 10 is not able to move solely in the longitudinal direction of the shaft as it must follow the line of the individual strands which are helically wound along the length of the strand. Moreover, the bearer member is not isolated from the cable as occurs in the earlier arrangements by the presence of 5 the stem 7 and as such there is some chance that the cable will twist under tensioning. Nonetheless the engagement of the bearer member with the cable does provide some resistance to inhibit twisting of the cable under tensioning. In any of the forms described above, the actuator 16 is arranged to receive the body 11 10 of the bearer member 10 and extend partially over the base member 5. The actuator 16 is internally threaded so as to engage with the externally threaded body 11 of the bearer member 10 and includes a shoulder 17 which is adapted to engage with the shoulder 31 formed on the base member 5 at the junction between the barrel part 7 and the stem 8 (if present). In this way, the actuator engages both the base member (through abutment of 1 the shoulders 17 and 31) and the bearer member 10 (through engagement of the cooperating threads on those members). Rotation of the actuator in one direction (in the illustrated form being right hand or clockwise looking along the rock bolt from the proximal end 3b) allows for tensioning 20 of the rock bolt. The actuator 16 is adapted to engage with a drive to impart this rotation with the actuator being shaped so as to engage a drive coupling (dolly) to transmit that rotational force. The actuator is provided with an end profile 20 on the actuator end 19 that engages in 25 end to end relation with a specially shaped end drive on dolly 200 (see Figs. 27 to 32), which is described in more detail below. That end profile is best shown in Figs. 24 to 26. The end profile 20 on the actuator 16 is shaped generally as a wave or toothed profile 30 having alternating peaks 43 and troughs 44. The profile includes a base portion 45 that is of generally constant radius and opposing side walls 46 and 47. One wall 46 is sloped relative to the longitudinal axis of the actuator 16 and provides a lead in surface - 15 for the complementary teeth 231 of the dolly 200 to locate in the profile troughs 44, whereas the other wall 47 is disposed in the direction of the actuator axis and forms the abutment surface for the actuator profile that engages with the dolly drive to impart rotation. 5 Drive Dolly Figs. 27 to 32 illustrate a drive dolly which is suitable for use with the tensioning device 1 described above. It is to be appreciated that the drive dolly may be advantageously used with the tensioning device 1, but is not limited to that use and may be adapted 10 (with for example different drive ends) to be used in other applications where rotational drive is required to be imparted to a device. The dolly driver 200 is arranged to couple the device 1 to a drive apparatus (not shown) such as mining drill rig. The dolly driver 200 is generally cylindrical and includes a is first end 201 which incorporates a drive shaft 202 arranged to be fitted to the drive apparatus so that rotational drive can be imparted to shaft 202, and a second end 203 which is adapted to engage the actuator 16 of the cable tensioning device 1 at actuator end surface 19. The second end 203 includes a profiled end surface 204 which is complementary to the profiled actuator end 19 and has the characteristic (albeit mirror 20 image of) wave or toothed profile incorporating the crests 231 and troughs 232 as described above. The dolly 200 includes a central drive 205 which is connected to the drive shaft 202. The central drive 205 is formed from two drive portions, being a sheath drive portion 25 206 and a cable drive portion 207. An outer sheath 208 extends over the central drive 205 and is adapted to adopt different positions on the central drive 205 as will be described below. The sheath drive portion 206 is coupled directly to the drive shaft 202 via a flange 209. 30 The sheath drive portion includes a cylindrical member 210 which is fixed to the flange 209 typically by mechanical fasteners 211. The cylindrical member 210 incorporates splines 212 which form part of a drive coupling with internal splines 213 formed on an - 16 inner surface of the sheath 208. These splines 212, 213 are arranged to remain in register with each other regardless of the mode of the dolly as will be described below. The cable drive portion 207 is connected to the sheath drive portion through a spindle 5 214 which holds the sheath cable drive portion 207 in axial alignment with the sheath drive portion and allows the cable drive portion to rotate about that axis relative to the sheath drive portion. A roller bearing 215 is disposed between the cable drive portion and sheath drive portion to allow the independent rotation of those elements. 10 The cable drive portion 207 also includes a generally cylindrical member 216 and incorporates splines 217 on an outer surface of that member 216. The splines 217 are significantly shorter than the splines 212 disposed on the sheath drive portion 206. The splines 217 of the cable drive portion 207 are operative to form a drive coupling with internal splines 218 formed on the inner surface of the sheath 208. These splines 217, is 218 are arranged to move into and out of register depending on the position of the sheath 208 on the centre drive 205. The cable drive portion 207 incorporates a cable retention device 219 which incorporates a profiled "flower" cavity 220 which in use is arranged to receive a 20 proximal end 3b of the shaft of the rock bolt 2. This cavity 220 is arranged to allow insertion of the cable end into the cable drive portion 207, and once received, to inhibit relative rotation of the cable shaft end 3b relative to the cable drive portion 207. With this arrangement the dolly 200 is able to hold the end 3b of a rock bolt shaft 3 and to impart drive to that cable shaft via rotation of the cable drive portion 207. 25 The sheath 208 has an outer end 221 which in use forms the second end 203 of the dolly and incorporates the profiled end surface 204 which is arranged to engage with the profiled end 19 of the actuator 16 of the tensioning device 1. An inner end 222 of the sheath is disposed adjacent the flange 209 and is biased towards that flange by virtue of 30 a compression spring 223 which acts between the sheath 208 and the central drive 205. The sheath 208 includes a generally U-shaped slot 224 which is formed in the sheath adjacent the inner end 222 and which is arranged to register with an index pin 225 - 17 which projects from the central drive 205. The U-shaped slot 224 incorporates a seat 226 in the base of the U and the respective legs 227, 228 of the U slot are of different lengths. With this configuration engagement 5 of the sheath with the index pin 225 within the slot 224 allows for the sheath to adopt three different positions relative to the central drive 205. Each of these positions allows the dolly 200 to adopt a different independent mode as is described below. The first of the three independent modes is shown in Figs. 27 and 28. This mode is a 10 general service mode for the dolly and is adopted by locating the indexing pin into the seat 226. In this position the sheath 208 is disposed in a forward position relative to the central drive 205 (i.e. in a position furthest away from the flange 209). In this position the splines 217 of the cable drive portion 207 are disengaged from the forward splines 218 of the sheath whilst the splines 213 of the sheath 208 are located at the extremity of is the sheath drive portions splines 212. In this mode, the dolly is arranged to be serviced and in particular the components can be greased as part of a regular maintenance exercise. The second of the three independent modes is an operational mode, the cable drive 20 mode, as best illustrated in Figs. 29 and 30. In this mode, the sheath 208 is in its most rearward position with its inner end 222 located in close proximity to the flange 209 and the index pin 225 is disposed in the end of the long leg 228. In the cable drive mode both sets of splines (212, 213 and 217, 218) are interengaged 25 and the forward end 221 of the sheath is retracted thereby exposing the cable drive portion 207 and in particular the cable holding device 219. In this arrangement rotation imparted to the drive shaft 202 translates directly to the sheath drive portion 206 and then to the sheath 208 through the interengaging splines (212, 213) between the sheath drive portion and the sheath 208. Furthermore in view of the engagement of the 30 forward sheath splines 218 with the splines 217 on the cable drive portion 207, this drive is imparted from the sheath 208 to the cable drive portion. With this arrangement rotation of the drive shaft 202 causes a corresponding rotation of the cable drive portion - 18 207. This then allows the dolly to impart drive to the cable when the proximal end 3b of the cable is inserted within the holder 219 of the cable drive portion 207. The second operational mode is illustrated in Figs. 31 and 32. This mode, referred to as 5 the "tensioning mode" is adopted when the sheath 208 is in an intermediate position with respect to the central drive 205. The sheath is located in this position when the indexing pin 225 is disposed in the short leg 227 of the slot 222. In this position the forward end of the sheath 204 projects beyond the cable drive portion 207 so as to be in a position to engage the actuator 16 of the rock bolt tensioning device 1. Furthermore 10 whilst the splines 212, 213 between the sheath drive portion 210 and the sheath 208 remain engaged, the splines (217, 218) which allow drive to be imparted from the sheath to the cable drive portion 207 are disengaged. As a result in this mode, drive imparted from the shaft 202 is imparted to the sheath 208 through the sheath drive portion 210 whilst the cable drive portion remains disengaged and therefore drive is not is imparted to that portion 207. Moreover in the tensioning mode, the cable drive portion 207 is able to rotate independently of both the sheath 208 and the sheath drive portion 206. The dolly 200 in these latter two modes (being the cable drive mode and the tensioning 20 mode) is used in installing and tensioning a cable rock bolt as will be explained by the sequence diagrams illustrated in Figs. 33 to 42. Installation Procedure In a first stage as disclosed in Figs. 33 and 34 a rock bolt 2 is inserted into a bore 501 25 formed in rock strata 500. Fitted to the rock bolt 2 is a bearing plate 30 and a rock bolt tensioning device 1 which is disposed adjacent a proximal end 3b of the rock bolt which projects beyond the bore 502. At this stage the rock bolt 2 is not point anchored in the bore 502 but resin cartridges and/or a mechanical anchor are installed in conjunction with the rock bolt adjacent the blind end (not shown) of the bore. To activate point 30 anchoring (by shredding and mixing of the resin cartridges and/or activation of a mechanical anchor) the rock bolt 2 needs to be spun typically under right hand rotation.

- 19 To effect this rotation the dolly 200 is fitted onto the proximal end 3b of the rock bolt shaft 3 as shown in Figs. 33 and 34. The dolly 200 is disposed in the cable drive mode so as to allow the end of the rock bolt shaft to be fitted within the holder 220 disposed in the cable drive portion of the dolly 200. As best shown in Fig. 33 the sheath 207 is 5 sufficiently retracted so that the drive end 204 of the sheath does not engage the actuator 6 of the tensioning device 1. The dolly is fitted to a drive apparatus (not shown) such as a mining drill rig through the shaft 202. The drill rig imparts drive to the shaft 202 which in turn is transferred 10 through to the cable drive portion 207 by virtue of the splines 217, 218 interengaging thereby allowing spinning of the rock bolt 3 to provide point anchoring of the rock bolt 2. Typically, thrust is also applied to the rock bolt along the axis of the bolt so as to push the rock bolt further into the bore 501 moving the plate 30 towards the surface 502 of the rock strata 500. This then places the rock bolt into a position as shown in Figs. is 35 and 36 where the cable is point anchored by setting of the resin and/or by activation of the mechanical anchor. The second stage commences after point anchoring. In this stage the dolly is moved into its tensioning mode by movement of the sheath forward relative to the central drive 20 205 into the position as illustrated in Figs. 37 and 38. In that position the sheath 208 moves forward so that the teeth of the sheath engage with the actuator whilst the end of the cable remains engaged with the cable drive portion 207. By having the dolly 200 adopt the tensioning mode the cable drive portion 207 becomes disengaged with the sheath 208 and is therefore not driven by the drive shaft 202 and moreover is able to 25 rotate independently of that drive shaft and the sheath 208 This then allows rotation of the actuator by the dolly relative to the cable 3. As best illustrated in Fig. 37, a feature of the engagement between the dolly and the actuator is that the diameter of the dolly is no greater than the diameter of the actuator. 30 This has significant advantage in many mining applications as it allows the dolly to be located in more confined situations than would otherwise occur if a conventional dolly which mounted over the actuator (typically in the form of a nut) was used. This can be - 20 particularly advantageous if a "timberjack" is used as a stabilizing and guiding mechanism for drilling and installing cables. The timber jack usually incorporates a confined opening through the centre section of the jack top head frame. Due to the reduced diameter of the dolly (as compared to more conventional dollies) it has been 5 found in practice possible to tension the bolt using the dolly 200 without requiring removal of the timberjack. This improves both speed of operation and safety in the installation procedure. Once the dolly 200 is installed in engagement both with the cable shaft and the actuator 10 of the tensioning device, drive is imparted to the actuator whilst holding the cable shaft stationary (by virtue of engagement of the cable shaft with the cable drive portion). Rotation of the actuator causes that actuator 6 to unwind from the bearer member 11, this in turn causes the bearing member to move apart from the base member 5. Under an initial movement the bearer member movement forces the plate 30 into engagement is with the rock surface 502. Engagement of the rock plate 30 hard against the rock surface 502 prevents further travel of the bearer member 6 towards the rock surface and also prevents any twisting of the bearer member by virtue of engagement of the bearer member head 13 with the plate 30. 20 Continued rotation of the actuator 6 under drive imparted from the dolly 200 forces the bearer head to continue to move away from the base member which causes increased loading to be induced on the base member 5 by the actuator which has the effect of pulling the cable 2 from the bore. This tensioning force applied to the base member is offset by a reaction force applied by engagement of the plate 30 against the rock surface 25 and causes the cable to be placed in tension. Once sufficient tension has been applied to the cable, the dolly 200 is removed thereby leaving the tensioned cable with the tensioning device still affixed in place as best illustrated in Figs. 41 and 42. 30 The tensioning device, dolly and installation as described in the above forms has the advantage that a rotatable actuator can apply an axial force to the cable (through the - 21 base member) without inducing twisting of the cable. In the particular form illustrated the moving component (the bearer member) is isolated from the cable and moreover the entire tensioning device is inhibited from twisting by virtue of engagement of the bearer head against the plate 30. In addition the tensioning device is of relatively compact 5 form thereby allowing easy handling on site by use of the drive dolly installation and tensioning of the rock bolt can be achieved using a standard drill rig thereby obviating the need for specialist tensioning drives as has occurred in the prior art. In addition the drive dolly is of compact form allowing the dolly to be used in confined spaces often found in mining applications. 10 In the claims which follow and in the preceding summary, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprising" is used in the sense of "including", that is the features specified may be associated with further features in various embodiments. 15 Variations and modifications may be made to the parts previously described without departing from the spirit or ambit of the disclosure.

Claims (22)

1. A drive assembly for a rock bolt having a shaft, the drive assembly comprising: a drive receiving portion adapted to be part of or disposed on or about the shaft, 5 the drive receiving portion having a dolly engagement end surface, and a dolly having a bolt engagement end surface, the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface each having a profile adapted such that operative engagement to impart rotary drive between the drive receiving portion and the dolly is effected by contact in an end-to-end 10 arrangement between the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface.

2. A drive assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the drive receiving portion is adapted to be mounted on the shaft. 15

3. A drive assembly as defined in claim 2, wherein the drive receiving portion comprises a body having an internal cavity, such that the shaft can be inserted into the internal cavity. 20

4. A drive assembly as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the dolly includes an internal cavity and an opening extending into the cavity adapted such that in use the shaft can extend into the internal cavity.

5. A drive assembly as defined in claim 4, wherein the bolt engagement end 25 surface is disposed around the opening.

6. A drive assembly as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein during engagement the dolly engagement end surface and the bolt engagement end surface are substantially aligned. 30 - 23

7. A drive assembly as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the operative engagement allows rotation of the dolly about an axis to effect rotation of the drive receiving portion. 5

8. A drive assembly as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface have substantially similar cross sectional areas.

9. A drive assembly as defined in any of the preceding claims wherein the dolly 10 has a driver body which defines the cavity and wherein the bolt engagement end surface does not extend laterally beyond the periphery of the driver body.

10. A drive assembly as defined in any of the preceding claims wherein the drive receiving portion has a drive receiving portion body and wherein the dolly engagement 1 end surface does not extend laterally beyond the periphery of the drive receiving portion body.

11. A drive assembly as defined in claim 10 when dependent upon claim 9, wherein the bolt engagement end surface does not extend laterally beyond the periphery of the 20 drive receiving portion body.

12. A drive assembly as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein rotation of the drive receiving portion effects tensioning of the rock bolt. 25

13. A method of driving a rock bolt in a bore formed in rock strata, the rock bolt having a shaft and a drive receiving portion on or about the shaft, the drive receiving portion having a dolly engagement end surface, the method comprising: positioning a driver in an end to end arrangement with the drive receiving portion such that a bolt engagement end surface on the driver is in contact with the 30 dolly engagement end surface; - 24 rotating the bolt engagement end surface such that contact between the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface effects rotation of the drive receiving portion. 5

14. A method as defined in claim 13, wherein the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface are profiled.

15. A method as defined in claim 14, wherein the profiles of the bolt engagement end surface and the dolly engagement end surface are complementary wave-shaped 10 profiles.

16. A dolly for driving a drive receiving portion associated with a rock bolt having a shaft, the dolly having an engagement end surface, the engagement end surface having a profile adapted such that operative engagement to impart rotary drive between the 1 drive receiving portion and the dolly is effected by contact in an end-to-end arrangement between the bolt engagement end surface and the drive receiving portion.

17. A dolly as defined in claim 16, wherein the dolly further comprises: a body, the body defining an internal cavity, 20 and an opening extending into the cavity, and wherein the bolt engagement end surface is disposed around the opening.

18. A drive receiving portion associated with a rock bolt having a shaft, the drive receiving portion having an engagement end surface, the engagement end surface 25 having a profile adapted such that operative engagement to impart rotary drive between the drive receiving portion and a driver is effected by contact in an end-to-end arrangement between the engagement end surface and the driver.

19. A drive receiving portion as defined in claim 18, wherein the drive receiving 30 portion further comprises: a body, - 25 an internal cavity extending through the body and wherein the engagement end surface is disposed around an opening to the cavity.

20. A rock bolt assembly including a rock bolt having a shaft and a drive receiving 5 portion according to either claim 18 or claim 19.

21. The rock bolt assembly as defined in claim 20, wherein the rock bolt is in the form of a rigid bolt. 10

22. The rock bolt assembly as defined in claim 20, wherein the rock bolt is in the form of a cable bolt.