WO2013147563A1 - 무선랜 시스템에서 비콘 송수신 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
무선랜 시스템에서 비콘 송수신 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the following description relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting / receiving beacons in a WLAN system.
- WLAN is based on radio frequency technology, and can be used in homes, businesses, or businesses by using portable terminals such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptop computers, and portable multimedia players (PMPs). It is a technology that allows wireless access to the Internet in a specific service area.
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- PMPs portable multimedia players
- IEEE 802.11n supports High Throughput (HT) with data throughput up to 540 Mbps or more, and also uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to minimize transmission errors and optimize data rates.
- HT High Throughput
- MIMO Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs
- IEEE 802.11 WLAN system a technical standard for supporting M2M communication is being developed as IEEE 802.11ah.
- M2M communications you may want to consider a scenario where you occasionally communicate a small amount of data at low speeds in an environment with many devices.
- Communication in a WLAN system is performed in a medium shared between all devices.
- M2M communication When the number of devices increases, such as M2M communication, spending a large amount of time for channel access of one device may not only degrade the overall system performance, but may also hinder power saving of each device.
- a method for receiving a beacon at a station (STA) of a wireless communication system receiving a probe response frame from an access point (AP); Determining a reception time of the next beacon using next beacon viewpoint information of the AP included in the probe response frame; And receiving the next beacon at the reception time of the determined next beacon.
- STA station
- AP access point
- a station (STA) device for receiving a beacon in a wireless communication system according to another embodiment of the present invention, a transceiver; And a processor, the processor receiving a probe response frame using the transceiver from an access point (AP); Determining a reception time of the next beacon by using next beacon viewpoint information of the AP included in the probe response frame; At the reception time of the determined next beacon may be set to receive the next beacon using the transceiver.
- STA station
- AP access point
- the STA may be switched to a doze state and may be switched to an awake state before the reception time of the next beacon determined.
- the next beacon is a full beacon (Full Beacon)
- the next beacon time information may be information (Duration to Next Full Beacon) or next target beacon transmission time (Next TBTT) information.
- the next beacon may be a short beacon, and the next beacon view information may be a duration to next short beacon.
- next full beacon Determining a reception time of the next full beacon by using a duration to next full beacon or next target beacon transmission time (Next TBTT) information included in the received short beacon; And receiving the next full beacon at the reception time of the determined next full beacon.
- next TBTT target beacon transmission time
- the STA After determining the reception time of the next full beacon, the STA may be switched to a doze state and may be switched to an awake state before the determined reception time.
- One or more of the short beacon count information or the short beacon interval information may be included in the probe response frame or the short beacon.
- One or more of the short beacon number information, the short beacon interval information, or the short beacon index information may be included in the probe response frame or the short beacon.
- the short beacon may further include one or more of a compressed SSID field, a 4 byte timestamp, or a change sequence field.
- the probe response frame may further include one or more of a time stamp or a service set identifier (SSID).
- SSID service set identifier
- the probe response frame may be received in response to a probe request frame transmitted by the STA to the AP.
- a new method and apparatus for transmitting / receiving beacon frames may be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a WLAN system.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a link setup process in a WLAN system.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing a backoff process.
- 7 is a diagram for explaining hidden nodes and exposed nodes.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an RTS and a CTS.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing a power management operation.
- 10 to 12 are diagrams for explaining in detail the operation of the STA receiving the TIM.
- 13 is a diagram for explaining a group-based AID.
- 14 is a diagram for explaining a short beacon.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing example fields included in a short beacon frame.
- 16 is a view for explaining a method for providing beacon reception information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 17 is a view for explaining a method for providing beacon reception information according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for describing a method of providing beacon reception information according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- 19 is a diagram for describing a method of providing beacon reception information according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- 20 is a flowchart illustrating a beacon frame transmission / reception method according to an example of the present invention.
- 21 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- each component or feature may be considered to be optional unless otherwise stated.
- Each component or feature may be embodied in a form that is not combined with other components or features.
- some components and / or features may be combined to form an embodiment of the present invention.
- the order of the operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment.
- Embodiments of the present invention may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of the wireless access systems IEEE 802 system, 3GPP system, 3GPP LTE and LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) system and 3GPP2 system. That is, steps or parts which are not described to clearly reveal the technical spirit of the present invention among the embodiments of the present invention may be supported by the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in the present document can be described by the above standard document.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
- CDMA may be implemented with a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000.
- TDMA may be implemented with wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
- GSM Global System for Mobile communications
- GPRS General Packet Radio Service
- EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
- OFDMA may be implemented in a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA).
- Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11
- WiMAX IEEE 802.16
- E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- the IEEE 802.11 architecture may be composed of a plurality of components, and by their interaction, a WLAN may be provided that supports transparent STA mobility for higher layers.
- the Basic Service Set (BSS) may correspond to a basic building block in an IEEE 802.11 LAN. 1 exemplarily shows that there are two BSSs (BSS1 and BSS2) and two STAs are included as members of each BSS (STA1 and STA2 are included in BSS1 and STA3 and STA4 are included in BSS2). do.
- an ellipse representing a BSS may be understood to represent a coverage area where STAs included in the BSS maintain communication. This area may be referred to as a basic service area (BSA).
- BSA basic service area
- the most basic type of BSS in an IEEE 802.11 LAN is an independent BSS (IBSS).
- the IBSS may have a minimal form consisting of only two STAs.
- the BSS (BSS1 or BSS2) of FIG. 1, which is the simplest form and other components are omitted, may correspond to a representative example of the IBSS.
- This configuration is possible when STAs can communicate directly.
- this type of LAN may not be configured in advance, but may be configured when a LAN is required, which may be referred to as an ad-hoc network.
- the membership of the STA in the BSS may be dynamically changed by turning the STA on or off, the STA entering or exiting the BSS region, and the like.
- the STA may join the BSS using a synchronization process.
- the STA In order to access all services of the BSS infrastructure, the STA must be associated with the BSS. This association may be set up dynamically and may include the use of a Distribution System Service (DSS).
- DSS Distribution System Service
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- components such as a distribution system (DS), a distribution system medium (DSM), and an access point (AP) are added in the structure of FIG. 1.
- DS distribution system
- DSM distribution system medium
- AP access point
- the station-to-station distance directly in the LAN can be limited by PHY performance. In some cases, this distance limit may be sufficient, but in some cases, communication between more distant stations may be necessary.
- the distribution system DS may be configured to support extended coverage.
- the DS refers to a structure in which BSSs are interconnected. Specifically, instead of the BSS independently as shown in FIG. 1, the BSS may exist as an extended type component of a network composed of a plurality of BSSs.
- DS is a logical concept and can be specified by the nature of the distribution system medium (DSM).
- DSM distribution system medium
- the IEEE 802.11 standard logically distinguishes between wireless medium (WM) and distribution system media (DSM).
- Each logical medium is used for a different purpose and is used by different components.
- the definition of the IEEE 802.11 standard does not limit these media to the same or to different ones.
- the plurality of media logically different, the flexibility of the IEEE 802.11 LAN structure (DS structure or other network structure) can be described. That is, the IEEE 802.11 LAN structure can be implemented in various ways, the corresponding LAN structure can be specified independently by the physical characteristics of each implementation.
- the DS may support the mobile device by providing seamless integration of multiple BSSs and providing logical services for handling addresses to destinations.
- An AP means an entity that enables access to a DS through WM for associated STAs and has STA functionality. Data movement between the BSS and the DS may be performed through the AP.
- STA2 and STA3 shown in FIG. 2 have the functionality of a STA, and provide a function to allow associated STAs STA1 and STA4 to access the DS.
- all APs basically correspond to STAs, all APs are addressable entities. The address used by the AP for communication on the WM and the address used by the AP for communication on the DSM need not necessarily be the same.
- Data transmitted from one of the STAs associated with an AP to the STA address of that AP may always be received at an uncontrolled port and processed by an IEEE 802.1X port access entity.
- transmission data (or frame) may be transmitted to the DS.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied. 3 conceptually illustrates an extended service set (ESS) for providing wide coverage in addition to the structure of FIG. 2.
- ESS extended service set
- a wireless network of arbitrary size and complexity may be composed of DS and BSSs.
- this type of network is called an ESS network.
- the ESS may correspond to a set of BSSs connected to one DS. However, the ESS does not include a DS.
- the ESS network is characterized by what appears to be an IBSS network at the LLC (Logical Link Control) layer. STAs included in the ESS can communicate with each other, and mobile STAs can move from within one BSS to another BSS (within the same ESS) transparently to the LLC.
- LLC Logical Link Control
- BSSs can be partially overlapped, which is a form commonly used to provide continuous coverage.
- the BSSs may not be physically connected, and logically there is no limit to the distance between the BSSs.
- the BSSs can be located at the same physical location, which can be used to provide redundancy.
- one (or more) IBSS or ESS networks may be physically present in the same space as one (or more than one) ESS network.
- the ad-hoc network is operating at the location of the ESS network, if IEEE 802.11 networks are physically overlapped by different organizations, or if two or more different access and security policies are required at the same location. It may correspond to an ESS network type in a case.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a WLAN system.
- an example of an infrastructure BSS including a DS is shown.
- BSS1 and BSS2 constitute an ESS.
- an STA is a device that operates according to MAC / PHY regulations of IEEE 802.11.
- the STA includes an AP STA and a non-AP STA.
- Non-AP STAs are devices that users typically handle, such as laptop computers and mobile phones.
- STA1, STA3, and STA4 correspond to non-AP STAs
- STA2 and STA5 correspond to AP STAs.
- a non-AP STA includes a terminal, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), and a mobile terminal. May be referred to as a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS).
- the AP may include a base station (BS), a node-B, an evolved Node-B (eNB), and a base transceiver system (BTS) in other wireless communication fields.
- BS base station
- eNB evolved Node-B
- BTS base transceiver system
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.
- an STA In order for an STA to set up a link and transmit / receive data with respect to a network, an STA first discovers the network, performs authentication, establishes an association, and authenticates for security. It must go through the back.
- the link setup process may also be referred to as session initiation process and session setup process.
- a process of discovery, authentication, association, and security establishment of a link setup process may be collectively referred to as association process.
- the STA may perform a network discovery operation.
- the network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, in order for the STA to access the network, the STA must find a network that can participate. The STA must identify a compatible network before joining the wireless network. A network identification process existing in a specific area is called scanning.
- the STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame and waits for a response to discover which AP exists in the vicinity while moving channels.
- the responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that transmits the probe request frame in response to the probe request frame.
- the responder may be an STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned.
- the AP transmits a beacon frame, so the AP becomes a responder.
- the responder is not constant.
- an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 stores the BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and stores the next channel (eg, number 2).
- Channel to perform scanning (i.e., probe request / response transmission and reception on channel 2) in the same manner.
- the scanning operation may be performed by a passive scanning method.
- passive scanning the STA performing scanning waits for a beacon frame while moving channels.
- the beacon frame is one of management frames in IEEE 802.11.
- the beacon frame is notified of the existence of a wireless network and is periodically transmitted to allow the STA performing scanning to find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network.
- the AP periodically transmits a beacon frame
- the IBSS STAs in the IBSS rotate and transmit a beacon frame.
- the STA that performs the scanning receives the beacon frame, the STA stores the information on the BSS included in the beacon frame and records beacon frame information in each channel while moving to another channel.
- the STA may store BSS related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner.
- active scanning has the advantage of less delay and power consumption than passive scanning.
- step S520 After the STA discovers the network, an authentication process may be performed in step S520.
- This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process in order to clearly distinguish from the security setup operation of step S540 described later.
- the authentication process includes a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA.
- An authentication frame used for authentication request / response corresponds to a management frame.
- the authentication frame includes an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network, and a finite cyclic group. Group) and the like. This corresponds to some examples of information that may be included in the authentication request / response frame, and may be replaced with other information or further include additional information.
- the STA may send an authentication request frame to the AP.
- the AP may determine whether to allow authentication for the corresponding STA based on the information included in the received authentication request frame.
- the AP may provide a result of the authentication process to the STA through an authentication response frame.
- the association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA.
- the association request frame may include information related to various capabilities, beacon listening interval, service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domain. Information about supported operating classes, TIM Broadcast Indication Map Broadcast request, interworking service capability, and the like.
- an association response frame may include information related to various capabilities, status codes, association IDs (AIDs), support rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter sets, Received Channel Power Indicators (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise Information, such as an indicator, a mobility domain, a timeout interval (association comeback time), an overlapping BSS scan parameter, a TIM broadcast response, and a QoS map.
- AIDs association IDs
- EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
- RCPI Received Channel Power Indicators
- Received Signal to Noise Information such as an indicator, a mobility domain, a timeout interval (association comeback time), an overlapping BSS scan parameter, a TIM broadcast response, and a QoS map.
- a security setup process may be performed at step S540.
- the security setup process of step S540 may be referred to as an authentication process through a Robust Security Network Association (RSNA) request / response.
- the authentication process of step S520 is called a first authentication process, and the security setup process of step S540 is performed. It may also be referred to simply as the authentication process.
- RSNA Robust Security Network Association
- the security setup process of step S540 may include, for example, performing a private key setup through 4-way handshaking through an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. .
- the security setup process may be performed according to a security scheme not defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
- IEEE 802.11n In order to overcome the limitation of communication speed in WLAN, IEEE 802.11n exists as a relatively recently established technical standard. IEEE 802.11n aims to increase the speed and reliability of networks and to extend the operating range of wireless networks. More specifically, IEEE 802.11n supports High Throughput (HT) with data throughput of up to 540 Mbps and also uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to minimize transmission errors and optimize data rates. It is based on Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) technology.
- HT High Throughput
- MIMO Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs
- the next generation WLAN system supporting Very High Throughput is the next version of the IEEE 802.11n WLAN system (e.g., IEEE 802.11ac), which is 1 Gbps at the MAC Service Access Point (SAP).
- IEEE 802.11ac the next version of the IEEE 802.11n WLAN system
- SAP MAC Service Access Point
- the next generation WLAN system supports MU-MIMO (Multi User Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission in which a plurality of STAs simultaneously access a channel in order to use the wireless channel efficiently.
- MU-MIMO Multi User Multiple Input Multiple Output
- the AP may simultaneously transmit packets to one or more STAs that are paired with MIMO.
- whitespace may be referred to as a licensed band that can be preferentially used by a licensed user.
- An authorized user refers to a user who is authorized to use an authorized band and may also be referred to as a licensed device, a primary user, an incumbent user, or the like.
- an AP and / or STA operating in a WS should provide protection for an authorized user. For example, if an authorized user such as a microphone is already using a specific WS channel, which is a frequency band divided in a regulation to have a specific bandwidth in the WS band, the AP may be protected. And / or the STA cannot use a frequency band corresponding to the corresponding WS channel. In addition, the AP and / or STA should stop using the frequency band when the authorized user uses the frequency band currently used for frame transmission and / or reception.
- the AP and / or STA should be preceded by a procedure for determining whether a specific frequency band in the WS band is available, that is, whether there is an authorized user in the frequency band. Knowing whether there is an authorized user in a specific frequency band is called spectrum sensing. As the spectrum sensing mechanism, energy detection, signal detection, and the like are used. If the strength of the received signal is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, it may be determined that the authorized user is in use, or if the DTV preamble is detected, it may be determined that the authorized user is in use.
- M2M communication refers to a communication method that includes one or more machines (Machine), may also be referred to as MTC (Machine Type Communication) or thing communication.
- a machine refers to an entity that does not require human intervention or intervention.
- a device such as a meter or a vending machine equipped with a wireless communication module, as well as a user device such as a smartphone that can automatically connect to a network and perform communication without a user's operation / intervention, may be used. This may correspond to an example.
- the M2M communication may include communication between devices (eg, device-to-device (D2D) communication), communication between a device, and an application server.
- D2D device-to-device
- Examples of device and server communication include communication between vending machines and servers, point of sale devices and servers, and electricity, gas or water meter readers and servers.
- applications based on M2M communication may include security, transportation, health care, and the like. Considering the nature of these applications, M2M communication should generally be able to support the transmission and reception of small amounts of data at low speeds in the presence of very many devices.
- M2M communication should be able to support a large number of STAs.
- WLAN system it is assumed that a maximum of 2007 STAs are associated with one AP, but in M2M communication, there are methods for supporting a case where a larger number (approximately 6000 STAs) are associated with one AP. Is being discussed.
- many applications are expected to support / require low data rates in M2M communication.
- an STA may recognize whether data to be transmitted to it is based on a TIM (Traffic Indication Map) element, and methods for reducing the bitmap size of the TIM are discussed. It is becoming.
- TIM Traffic Indication Map
- M2M communication is expected to be a lot of traffic with a very long transmission / reception interval. For example, very small amounts of data are required to be sent and received every long period (eg, one month), such as electricity / gas / water use. Accordingly, in the WLAN system, even if the number of STAs that can be associated with one AP becomes very large, it is possible to efficiently support the case where the number of STAs having data frames to be received from the AP is very small during one beacon period. The ways to do this are discussed.
- WLAN technology is rapidly evolving and, in addition to the above examples, technologies for direct link setup, media streaming performance improvement, support for high speed and / or large initial session setup, support for extended bandwidth and operating frequency, etc. Is being developed.
- a basic access mechanism of MAC is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) mechanism.
- the CSMA / CA mechanism is also called the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 MAC. It basically employs a "listen before talk" access mechanism.
- the AP and / or STA may sense a radio channel or medium during a predetermined time period (e.g., during a DCF Inter-Frame Space (DIFS), before starting transmission.
- DIFS DCF Inter-Frame Space
- a delay period for example, a random backoff period
- HCF hybrid coordination function
- PCF Point Coordination Function
- EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
- HCCA HCF Controlled Channel Access
- EDCA is a competition based approach for providers to provide data frames to multiple users
- HCCA uses a non-competition based channel access scheme using a polling mechanism.
- the HCF includes a media access mechanism for improving the quality of service (QoS) of the WLAN, and can transmit QoS data in both a contention period (CP) and a contention free period (CFP).
- QoS quality of service
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing a backoff process.
- the random backoff count has a pseudo-random integer value and may be determined to be one of values in the range of 0 to CW.
- CW is a contention window parameter value.
- the CW parameter is given CWmin as an initial value, but may take a double value in case of transmission failure (eg, when an ACK for a transmitted frame is not received).
- the STA continues to monitor the medium while counting down the backoff slots according to the determined backoff count value. If the medium is monitored as occupied, the countdown stops and waits; if the medium is idle, it resumes the remaining countdown.
- the STA3 may confirm that the medium is idle as much as DIFS and transmit the frame immediately. Meanwhile, the remaining STAs monitor and wait for the medium to be busy. In the meantime, data may also be transmitted in each of STA1, STA2, and STA5, and each STA waits for DIFS when the medium is monitored idle, and then counts down the backoff slot according to a random backoff count value selected by the STA. Can be performed. In the example of FIG. 6, STA2 selects the smallest backoff count value and STA1 selects the largest backoff count value.
- the remaining backoff time of the STA5 is shorter than the remaining backoff time of the STA1 at the time when the STA2 finishes the backoff count and starts the frame transmission.
- STA1 and STA5 stop counting for a while and wait for STA2 to occupy the medium.
- the STA1 and the STA5 resume the stopped backoff count after waiting for DIFS. That is, the frame transmission can be started after counting down the remaining backoff slots by the remaining backoff time. Since the remaining backoff time of the STA5 is shorter than that of the STA1, the STA5 starts frame transmission. Meanwhile, while STA2 occupies the medium, data to be transmitted may also occur in STA4.
- the STA4 waits for DIFS, performs a countdown according to a random backoff count value selected by the STA4, and starts frame transmission.
- the remaining backoff time of STA5 coincides with an arbitrary backoff count value of STA4.
- a collision may occur between STA4 and STA5. If a collision occurs, neither STA4 nor STA5 receive an ACK, and thus data transmission fails. In this case, STA4 and STA5 may double the CW value, select a random backoff count value, and perform a countdown.
- the STA1 waits while the medium is occupied due to transmission of the STA4 and STA5, waits for DIFS when the medium is idle, and starts frame transmission after the remaining backoff time passes.
- the CSMA / CA mechanism includes virtual carrier sensing in addition to physical carrier sensing in which the AP and / or STA directly sense the medium.
- Virtual carrier sensing is intended to compensate for problems that may occur in media access, such as a hidden node problem.
- the MAC of the WLAN system may use a network allocation vector (NAV).
- the NAV is a value in which an AP and / or STA currently using or authorized to use a medium instructs another AP and / or STA how long to remain until the medium becomes available.
- the value set to NAV corresponds to a period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by the AP and / or STA transmitting the corresponding frame, and the STA receiving the NAV value is prohibited from accessing the medium (or channel access) during the period. prohibit or defer.
- the NAV may be set, for example, according to the value of the "duration" field of the MAC header of the frame.
- 7 is a diagram for explaining hidden nodes and exposed nodes.
- STA A illustrates an example of a hidden node, in which STA A and STA B are in communication and STA C has information to transmit.
- STA A may be transmitting information to STA B, it may be determined that the medium is idle when STA C performs carrier sensing before sending data to STA B. This is because transmission of STA A (ie, media occupation) may not be sensed at the location of STA C.
- STA B since STA B receives the information of STA A and STA C at the same time, a collision occurs.
- STA A may be referred to as a hidden node of STA C.
- FIG. 7B is an example of an exposed node
- STA B is a case in which STA C has information to be transmitted from STA D in a situation in which data is transmitted to STA A.
- FIG. 7B when STA C performs carrier sensing, it may be determined that the medium is occupied by the transmission of STA B. Accordingly, since STA C is sensed as a medium occupancy state even if there is information to be transmitted to STA D, it must wait until the medium becomes idle. However, since STA A is actually outside the transmission range of STA C, transmission from STA C and transmission from STA B may not collide with STA A's point of view, so STA C is unnecessary until STA B stops transmitting. To wait. At this time, STA C may be referred to as an exposed node of STA B.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an RTS and a CTS.
- a short signaling packet such as a request to send (RTS) and a clear to send (CTS) may be used.
- RTS request to send
- CTS clear to send
- the RTS / CTS between the two STAs may allow the surrounding STA (s) to overhear, allowing the surrounding STA (s) to consider whether to transmit information between the two STAs. For example, when an STA to transmit data transmits an RTS frame to an STA receiving the data, the STA receiving the data may inform the neighboring STAs that they will receive the data by transmitting the CTS frame.
- 8A illustrates an example of a method for solving a hidden node problem, and assumes that both STA A and STA C try to transmit data to STA B.
- FIG. 8A When STA A sends the RTS to STA B, STA B transmits the CTS to both STA A and STA C around it. As a result, STA C waits until data transmission between STA A and STA B is completed, thereby avoiding collision.
- FIG. 8 (b) is an example of a method of solving an exposed node problem, and STA C overhears RTS / CTS transmission between STA A and STA B so that STA C is a different STA (eg, STA). It may be determined that no collision will occur even if data is transmitted to D). That is, STA B transmits the RTS to all neighboring STAs, and only STA A having the data to actually transmit the CTS. Since STA C receives only RTS and not STA A's CTS, it can be seen that STA A is out of STC C's carrier sensing.
- STA C overhears RTS / CTS transmission between STA A and STA B so that STA C is a different STA (eg, STA). It may be determined that no collision will occur even if data is transmitted to D). That is, STA B transmits the RTS to all neighboring STAs, and only STA A having the data to actually transmit the CTS. Since STA C receives only
- the WLAN system channel sensing must be performed before the STA performs transmission and reception, and always sensing the channel causes continuous power consumption of the STA.
- the power consumption in the receive state is not significantly different from the power consumption in the transmit state, and maintaining the receive state is also a great burden for the power limited STA (ie, operated by a battery). Therefore, if the STA maintains a reception standby state in order to continuously sense the channel, it inefficiently consumes power without any particular advantage in terms of WLAN throughput.
- the WLAN system supports a power management (PM) mode of the STA.
- PM power management
- the power management mode of the STA is divided into an active mode and a power save (PS) mode.
- the STA basically operates in the active mode.
- the STA operating in the active mode maintains an awake state.
- the awake state is a state in which normal operation such as frame transmission and reception or channel scanning is possible.
- the STA operating in the PS mode operates by switching between a sleep state (or a doze state) and an awake state.
- the STA operating in the sleep state operates at the minimum power, and does not perform frame scanning as well as channel scanning.
- the STA operates in the sleep state for as long as possible, power consumption is reduced, so the STA has an increased operation period. However, it is impossible to operate unconditionally long because frame transmission and reception are impossible in the sleep state. If there is a frame to be transmitted to the AP, the STA operating in the sleep state may transmit the frame by switching to the awake state. On the other hand, when the AP has a frame to transmit to the STA, the STA in the sleep state may not receive it and may not know that there is a frame to receive. Accordingly, the STA may need to switch to the awake state according to a specific period in order to know whether or not the frame to be transmitted to (or, if there is, receive it) exists.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing a power management operation.
- the AP 210 transmits a beacon frame to STAs in a BSS at regular intervals (S211, S212, S213, S214, S215, and S216).
- the beacon frame includes a traffic indication map (TIM) information element.
- the TIM information element includes information indicating that the AP 210 is present with buffered traffic for STAs associated with it and will transmit a frame.
- the TIM element includes a TIM used to inform unicast frames and a delivery traffic indication map (DTIM) used to inform multicast or broadcast frames.
- DTIM delivery traffic indication map
- the AP 210 may transmit the DTIM once every three beacon frames.
- STA1 220 and STA2 222 are STAs operating in a PS mode.
- the STA1 220 and the STA2 222 may be configured to receive a TIM element transmitted by the AP 210 by switching from a sleep state to an awake state at every wakeup interval of a predetermined period. .
- Each STA may calculate a time to switch to the awake state based on its local clock. In the example of FIG. 9, it is assumed that the clock of the STA coincides with the clock of the AP.
- the predetermined wakeup interval may be set such that the STA1 220 may switch to the awake state for each beacon interval to receive the TIM element. Accordingly, the STA1 220 may be switched to an awake state when the AP 210 first transmits a beacon frame (S211) (S221). STA1 220 may receive a beacon frame and obtain a TIM element. When the obtained TIM element indicates that there is a frame to be transmitted to the STA1 220, the STA1 220 sends a PS-Poll (Power Save-Poll) frame requesting the AP 210 to transmit the frame. It may be transmitted to (S221a). The AP 210 may transmit the frame to the STA1 220 in response to the PS-Poll frame (S231). After receiving the frame, the STA1 220 switches to the sleep state again.
- S211 beacon frame
- S221a Power Save-Poll
- the AP 210 When the AP 210 transmits the beacon frame for the second time, the AP 210 does not transmit the beacon frame at the correct beacon interval because the medium is busy, such as another device accessing the medium. It can be transmitted at a delayed time (S212). In this case, the STA1 220 switches the operation mode to the awake state according to the beacon interval, but fails to receive the delayed beacon frame, and switches back to the sleep state (S222).
- the beacon frame may include a TIM element set to DTIM.
- the AP 210 delays transmission of the beacon frame (S213).
- the STA1 220 may operate by switching to an awake state according to the beacon interval, and may obtain a DTIM through a beacon frame transmitted by the AP 210. It is assumed that the DTIM acquired by the STA1 220 indicates that there is no frame to be transmitted to the STA1 220 and that a frame for another STA exists. In this case, the STA1 220 may determine that there is no frame to receive, and then switch to the sleep state again.
- the AP 210 transmits the frame to the STA after transmitting the beacon frame (S232).
- the AP 210 transmits a beacon frame fourthly (S214).
- the STA1 220 cannot adjust the wakeup interval for receiving the TIM element because the STA1 220 cannot obtain information indicating that there is buffered traffic for itself through the previous two times of receiving the TIM element.
- the wakeup interval value of the STA1 220 may be adjusted.
- the STA1 220 may be configured to switch the operating state by waking up once every three beacon intervals from switching the operating state for TIM element reception every beacon interval. Accordingly, the STA1 220 cannot acquire the corresponding TIM element because the AP 210 maintains a sleep state at the time when the AP 210 transmits the fourth beacon frame (S214) and transmits the fifth beacon frame (S215).
- the STA1 220 may operate by switching to an awake state and may acquire a TIM element included in the beacon frame (S224). Since the TIM element is a DTIM indicating that a broadcast frame exists, the STA1 220 may receive a broadcast frame transmitted by the AP 210 without transmitting the PS-Poll frame to the AP 210. (S234). Meanwhile, the wakeup interval set in the STA2 230 may be set in a longer period than the STA1 220. Accordingly, the STA2 230 may switch to the awake state at the time S215 at which the AP 210 transmits the beacon frame for the fifth time (S215) and receive the TIM element (S241).
- the STA2 230 may know that there is a frame to be transmitted to itself through the TIM element, and transmit a PS-Poll frame to the AP 210 to request frame transmission (S241a).
- the AP 210 may transmit the frame to the STA2 230 in response to the PS-Poll frame (S233).
- the TIM element includes a TIM indicating whether a frame to be transmitted to the STA exists or a DTIM indicating whether a broadcast / multicast frame exists.
- DTIM may be implemented through field setting of a TIM element.
- 10 to 12 are diagrams for explaining the operation of the STA receiving the TIM in detail.
- the STA may switch from a sleep state to an awake state to receive a beacon frame including a TIM from an AP, interpret the received TIM element, and know that there is buffered traffic to be transmitted to the AP. .
- the STA may transmit a PS-Poll frame to request an AP to transmit a data frame.
- the AP may transmit the frame to the STA.
- the STA may receive a data frame and transmit an acknowledgment (ACK) frame thereto to the AP.
- the STA may then go back to sleep.
- ACK acknowledgment
- the AP may operate according to an immediate response method after transmitting a data frame after a predetermined time (for example, short inter-frame space (SIFS)) after receiving a PS-Poll frame from the STA. Can be. Meanwhile, when the AP fails to prepare a data frame to be transmitted to the STA during the SIFS time after receiving the PS-Poll frame, the AP may operate according to a deferred response method, which will be described with reference to FIG. 11.
- a predetermined time for example, short inter-frame space (SIFS)
- SIFS short inter-frame space
- the STA transitions from the sleep state to the awake state to receive the TIM from the AP and transmits the PS-Poll frame to the AP through contention as in the example of FIG. 10. If the AP fails to prepare a data frame during SIFS even after receiving the PS-Poll frame, the AP may transmit an ACK frame to the STA instead of transmitting the data frame. When the data frame is prepared after transmitting the ACK frame, the AP may transmit the data frame to the STA after performing contention. The STA may transmit an ACK frame indicating that the data frame was successfully received to the AP and go to sleep.
- STAs may transition from a sleep state to an awake state to receive a beacon frame containing a DTIM element from the AP. STAs may know that a multicast / broadcast frame will be transmitted through the received DTIM.
- the AP may transmit data (ie, multicast / broadcast frame) immediately after the beacon frame including the DTIM without transmitting and receiving the PS-Poll frame.
- the STAs may receive data while continuously awake after receiving the beacon frame including the DTIM, and may switch back to the sleep state after the data reception is completed.
- the STAs In the method of operating a power saving mode based on the TIM (or DTIM) protocol described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 12, the STAs have a data frame to be transmitted for themselves through STA identification information included in the TIM element. You can check.
- the STA identification information may be information related to an association identifier (AID) which is an identifier assigned to the STA at the time of association with the AP.
- AID association identifier
- the AID is used as a unique identifier for each STA within one BSS.
- the AID may be assigned to one of values from 1 to 2007.
- 14 bits may be allocated for an AID in a frame transmitted by an AP and / or STA, and an AID value may be allocated up to 16383, but in 2008, 16383 is set as a reserved value. It is.
- the TIM element according to the existing definition is not suitable for the application of M2M application, where a large number of (eg, more than 2007) STAs may be associated with one AP.
- the TIM bitmap size is so large that it cannot be supported by the existing frame format, and is not suitable for M2M communication considering low transmission rate applications.
- M2M communication it is expected that the number of STAs in which a received data frame exists during one beacon period is very small. Therefore, considering the application example of the M2M communication as described above, since the size of the TIM bitmap is expected to be large, but most bits have a value of 0, a technique for efficiently compressing the bitmap is required.
- bitmap compression technique there is a method of defining an offset (or starting point) value by omitting consecutive zeros in front of a bitmap.
- the compression efficiency is not high. For example, when only frames to be transmitted to only two STAs having AIDs of 10 and 2000 are buffered, the compressed bitmap has a length of 1990 but all have a value of 0 except at both ends. If the number of STAs that can be associated with one AP is small, the inefficiency of bitmap compression is not a big problem, but if the number of STAs increases, such inefficiency may be a factor that hinders overall system performance. .
- the AID may be divided into groups to perform more efficient data transmission.
- Each group is assigned a designated group ID (GID).
- GID group ID
- AIDs allocated on a group basis will be described with reference to FIG. 13.
- FIG. 13A illustrates an example of an AID allocated on a group basis.
- the first few bits of the AID bitmap may be used to indicate a GID.
- the first two bits of the AID bitmap may be used to represent four GIDs.
- the first two bits (B1 and B2) indicate the GID of the corresponding AID.
- FIG. 13A illustrates another example of an AID allocated on a group basis.
- the GID may be allocated according to the location of the AID.
- AIDs using the same GID may be represented by an offset and a length value.
- GID 1 is represented by an offset A and a length B, it means that AIDs A through A + B-1 on the bitmap have GID 1.
- FIG. 13 (b) it is assumed that AIDs of all 1 to N4 are divided into four groups. In this case, AIDs belonging to GID 1 are 1 to N1, and AIDs belonging to this group may be represented by offset 1 and length N1.
- AIDs belonging to GID 2 may be represented by offset N1 + 1 and length N2-N1 + 1
- AIDs belonging to GID 3 may be represented by offset N2 + 1 and length N3-N2 +
- GID AIDs belonging to 4 may be represented by an offset N3 + 1 and a length N4-N3 + 1.
- channel access may be allowed only to STA (s) corresponding to a specific group during a specific time interval, and channel access may be restricted to other STA (s).
- a predetermined time interval in which only specific STA (s) are allowed to access may be referred to as a restricted access window (RAW).
- RAW restricted access window
- FIG. 13C illustrates a channel access mechanism according to the beacon interval when the AID is divided into three groups.
- the first beacon interval (or the first RAW) is a period in which channel access of an STA corresponding to an AID belonging to GID 1 is allowed, and channel access of STAs belonging to another GID is not allowed.
- the first beacon includes a TIM element only for AIDs corresponding to GID 1.
- the second beacon frame includes a TIM element only for AIDs having GID 2, so that only the channel access of the STA corresponding to the AID belonging to GID 2 is allowed during the second beacon interval (or second RAW).
- the third beacon frame includes a TIM element only for AIDs having GID 3, and thus only channel access of the STA corresponding to the AID belonging to GID 3 is allowed during the third beacon interval (or third RAW).
- the fourth beacon frame again includes a TIM element for only AIDs having GID 1, and thus only channel access of the STA corresponding to the AID belonging to GID 1 is allowed during the fourth beacon interval (or fourth RAW). Then, even in each of the fifth and subsequent beacon intervals (or fifth and subsequent RAWs), only channel access of the STA belonging to the specific group indicated in the TIM included in the beacon frame may be allowed.
- the order of GIDs allowed according to beacon intervals is cyclic or periodic, but is not limited thereto. That is, by including only the AID (s) belonging to a particular GID (s) in the TIM element, allowing channel access only to the STA (s) corresponding to the particular AID (s) during a particular time period (eg, a particular RAW). And operate in a manner that does not allow channel access of the remaining STA (s).
- the group-based AID allocation scheme as described above may also be referred to as a hierarchical structure of the TIM. That is, the entire AID space may be divided into a plurality of blocks, and only channel access of STA (s) (that is, STAs of a specific group) corresponding to a specific block having a non-zero value may be allowed. Accordingly, the TIM can be divided into small blocks / groups so that the STAs can easily maintain the TIM information and manage the blocks / groups according to the class, quality of service (QoS), or purpose of the STA. 13 illustrates a two-level hierarchy, but a hierarchical TIM may be configured in the form of two or more levels.
- QoS quality of service
- the entire AID space may be divided into a plurality of page groups, each page group may be divided into a plurality of blocks, and each block may be divided into a plurality of sub-blocks.
- the first N1 bits represent a page ID (i.e., PID)
- the next N2 bits represent a block ID
- the next N3 bits Indicates a sub-block ID and may be configured in such a way that the remaining bits indicate the STA bit position within the sub-block.
- the Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) Packet Data Unit (PPDU) frame format may include a Short Training Field (STF), a Long Training Field (LTF), a SIG (SIGNAL) field, and a Data field.
- STF Short Training Field
- LTF Long Training Field
- SIGNAL SIG
- Data field e.g., Data field
- L-STF legacy-STF
- L-LTF legacy-LTF
- SIG field et Data Unit
- PPDU frame format e.g., HT-mixed format PPDU, HT-greenfield format PPDU, VHT (Very High Throughput) PPDU, etc.
- an additional (or other type) may be used between the SIG field and the data field.
- the STF, LTF, and SIG fields may be included.
- the STF is a signal for signal detection, automatic gain control (AGC), diversity selection, precise time synchronization, etc.
- the LTF is a signal for channel estimation, frequency error estimation, and the like.
- the STF and LTF may be referred to as a PCLP preamble, and the PLCP preamble may be referred to as a signal for synchronization and channel estimation of an OFDM physical layer.
- the SIG field may include a RATE field and a LENGTH field.
- the RATE field may include information about modulation and coding rate of data.
- the LENGTH field may include information about the length of data.
- the SIG field may include a parity bit, a SIG TAIL bit, and the like.
- the data field may include a SERVICE field, a PLC Service Data Unit (PSDU), a PPDU TAIL bit, and may also include a padding bit if necessary.
- Some bits of the SERVICE field may be used for synchronization of the descrambler at the receiving end.
- the PSDU corresponds to a MAC PDU defined in the MAC layer and may include data generated / used in an upper layer.
- the PPDU TAIL bit can be used to return the encoder to zero.
- the padding bit may be used to adjust the length of the data field in a predetermined unit.
- MAC PDUs are defined according to various MAC frame formats, and basic MAC frames are composed of a MAC header, a frame body, and a frame check sequence (FCS).
- FCS frame check sequence
- the MAC frame consists of a MAC PDU and can be transmitted / received through the PSDU of the data portion of the PPDU frame format.
- the null-data packet (NDP) frame format refers to a frame format of a type that does not include a data packet. That is, the NDP frame refers to a frame format including only PLCP header parts (ie, STF, LTF, and SIG fields) in the general PPDU format and not including the remaining parts (ie, data fields).
- the NDP frame may be referred to as a short frame format.
- a general beacon frame is composed of a MAC header, a frame body and an FCS, and the frame body may include the following fields.
- the timestamp field is for synchronization, and all STAs receiving the beacon frame may change / update their local clocks according to the timestamp value.
- the beacon interval field indicates a time interval between beacon transmissions and is expressed in units of time units (TUs).
- the TU may be configured in units of microseconds, and for example, may be defined as 1024 ms.
- the time at which the AP should transmit a beacon may be expressed as a target beacon transmission time (TBTT). That is, the beacon interval field corresponds to a time interval from the transmission time of one beacon frame to the next TBTT.
- the STA receiving the previous beacon may calculate the transmission time of the next beacon from the beacon interval field.
- the beacon interval may be set to 100 TU.
- the capability information field includes information on the capability of the device / network. For example, a type of network, such as an ad hoc or infrastructure network, may be indicated through the capability information field. In addition, the capability information field may be used to inform whether polling is supported or the details of encryption.
- beacon frame may be included in the beacon frame.
- FH Frequency Hopping
- DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
- CF Contention Free
- IBSS TIM
- Country IE Power Constraint QoS Capability
- High-Throughput (HT) Capability and the like may be included in the beacon frame.
- the field / information included in the beacon frame is exemplary, and the beacon frame referred to in the present invention is not limited to the above example.
- a short beacon frame may be defined.
- conventional general beacons may be referred to as full beacons.
- 14 is a diagram for explaining a short beacon.
- the short beacon interval is expressed in units of TUs, and the beacon interval (ie, the beacon interval of the full beacon) may be defined as an integer multiple of the short beacon interval.
- Full Beacon Interval N * Short Beacon Interval may be defined (where N ⁇ 1).
- a short beacon may be sent one or more times between the time when the full beacon is transmitted and then the full beacon is transmitted.
- three short beacons (Short B) are transmitted during the full beacon interval.
- the STA may use the SSID (or compressed SSID) included in the short beacon to determine whether the network it is looking for is available.
- the association request may be sent to the MAC address of the AP included in the short beacon transmitted by the desired network. Since short beacons are generally transmitted more frequently than full beacons, by supporting short beacons, unassociated STAs can quickly associate. If the STA needs additional information for association, it may transmit a probe request to the desired AP. In addition, synchronization may be performed using time stamp information included in a short beacon. In addition, a short beacon may inform whether network information has changed. When the network information is changed, the STA may acquire the changed network information through the full beacon. Short beacons may also include a TIM. That is, the TIM may be provided through a full beacon or may be provided through a short beacon.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing example fields included in a short beacon frame.
- the FC (Frame Control) field may include a type / subtype field and may indicate that the corresponding frame is a short beacon.
- FC may have a length of two octets.
- the source address (SA) field may be a MAC address of an AP transmitting a short beacon.
- SA may have a length of 6 octets.
- the Compressed SSID field may include a portion of the SSID of the network or a hashing value of the SSID.
- the SSID may allow an STA that already knows the network to discover the network. The length of this field has not been determined yet, and may be determined according to TBD discussed later.
- the timestamp field may include 4 bytes of the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of the timestamp of the AP. This is because even if the full timestamp is not provided and only LSB 4 bytes are provided, a STA that has already received (eg, associated) a full timestamp value is sufficient to perform synchronization using the LSB 4 byte value.
- LSB Least Significant Bit
- the change sequence field may include information indicating whether network information has changed. Specifically, the change sequence counter is incremented by one when important information of the network (e.g., all beacon information) is changed. This field is defined to be one octet long.
- the Duration to Next Full Beacon field may or may not be included in the short beacon. This field may inform the STA of the length of time until the next full beacon transmission time, based on the corresponding short beacon transmission time. Accordingly, the STA listening to the short beacon may reduce power consumption by operating in the doze (or sleep) mode until the next full beacon.
- the length of this field may be determined according to later discussion.
- the short beacon frame may include additional or optional fields or information elements (IEs) in addition to the exemplary fields.
- IEs information elements
- the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field may be used to check for an error in a short beacon frame.
- the STA may identify / discover the network by transmitting a probe request frame to the AP and receiving a probe response frame from the AP.
- the STA in which the measurement request type is set to the active mode may transmit a probe request frame on the requested channel at the start of the measurement duration.
- the AP may provide a confirmation response to the corresponding STA that transmitted the probe request frame by using the probe response frame.
- the STA acquires time synchronization information, beacon reception information, network-related identification information (eg, SSID), capability information, basic information for data transmission and reception in the network, etc. from the AP. can do.
- the probe response frame may include timestamp, beacon interval, capability, SSID, supported rate, FH parameter set, DSSS parameter set, CF parameter set, IBSS parameter set, Country, Power Constraint It may include information similar to information included in a beacon frame, such as a field.
- the probe response frame includes timestamp information and beacon interval information, so that an STA that has received a beacon can predict the transmission time of the next beacon from the beacon interval information.
- an STA that has never received the initial beacon may not accurately calculate the time when the next beacon signal may be received using only the beacon interval information. .
- the beacon interval is changed even after the initial beacon transmission time, the predicted value may be inaccurate.
- an STA in an initial state may not wait to receive a beacon signal even when receiving a probe response frame from the AP, and thus must wait while listening to a channel until a beacon is transmitted.
- the STA may operate in a power saving mode (for example, a doze state) because it is not known exactly when the beacon frame including the network information can be listened to. Can not.
- a power saving mode for example, a doze state
- the STA that performs the probe request / response cannot determine / calculate when the next beacon frame can be received and thus cannot operate in the power saving mode, which may cause a problem of increasing the power consumption of the STA.
- the STA when power is consumed to receive a beacon, the STA can perform a correct operation expected for the STA. The period may be greatly shortened.
- the present invention solves this problem and proposes a new operation (especially, new signaling defined in the probe request / response process) that enables the STA to efficiently receive the beacon to reduce power consumption and to quickly obtain network information.
- the beacon can be defined as a type of full beacons and short beacons as described above, the proposal of the present invention includes a detailed solution considering the beacon type.
- This embodiment relates to a method for receiving a full beacon by telling information about the next full beacon (Next Full Beacon).
- 16 is a view for explaining a method for providing beacon reception information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the AP may transmit a probe response frame to the corresponding STA.
- the information on the time point of the next full beacon included in the probe response frame may be information on the time taken to receive the next full beacon or the target beacon transmission time (TBTT) for the next full beacon.
- the information on the time taken to receive the next full beacon may be included in the probe response frame as a Duration to Next Full Beacon field, and the STA receives the next full beacon from the time point at which the probe response frame is received.
- Information on the time duration to the time point or information on the difference value (ie, time offset) between the reception time of the probe response frame and the reception time of the next full beacon may be included in the probe response frame and transmitted.
- the information on the target beacon transmission time for the next full beacon in the probe response frame may be included in the probe response frame as a Next TBTT field.
- Next TBTT indicates TBTT for the next full beacon of the AP transmitting the probe response frame.
- the STA may determine / calculate a time point for receiving the next full beacon based on the reception time of the current probe response frame based on the value of the Duration to Next Full Beacon field. Alternatively, the STA may calculate a transmission time of the next full beacon based on the time stamp value included in the probe response and the Next TBTT value. Accordingly, the STA can correctly receive the next full beacon.
- the STA may operate in a power saving mode (eg, a dose mode) after receiving a probe response and before receiving the next full beacon frame, and may be adapted to a transmission point of the next full beacon frame (eg, a full beacon frame). Wake up immediately before the transmission time of) to receive the full beacons.
- a power saving mode eg, a dose mode
- the AP may set the value of the Duration to Next Full Beacon field and notify the STA in consideration of the time required for the STA to successfully receive and decode the probe response frame (ie, processing delay). That is, since the STA can check the value of the Duration to Next Full Beacon or Next TBTT field only after receiving and decoding the probe response frame, the STA determines the length of time from when the STA checks this value to the next beacon frame reception time. Notify the processing may reduce the processing burden of the STA.
- This embodiment relates to a method for receiving a full beacon by informing information about the time taken to receive the next short beacon (Next Short Beacon) and the time taken from the short beacon to the full beacon.
- Next Short Beacon next short beacon
- This is an example of a hierarchical beacon receiving method proposed in the present invention.
- 17 is a view for explaining a method for providing beacon reception information according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the AP may transmit a probe response frame to the corresponding STA.
- information about a time duration between a STA receiving a probe response frame to a next short beacon or a reception time of a probe response frame and a next short beacon Information on the difference value (ie, time offset) of the reception time of the P may be included in the probe response frame and transmitted.
- the Duration to Next Short Beacon field may be included in the probe response frame.
- the STA may determine / calculate a time point for receiving the next short beacon based on the reception time of the current probe response frame based on the value of the Duration to Next Short Beacon field. Accordingly, the STA can correctly receive the next short beacon.
- the STA that has received the short beacon may determine / calculate a time when the next full beacon may be received based on the value of the corresponding field if the Duration to Next Full Beacon field or the Next TBTT field is included in the short beacon. Accordingly, the STA can correctly receive the next full beacon.
- the STA determines a time point for receiving a short beacon by using the information included in the probe response frame to receive a short beacon, and determines a time point for receiving a full beacon using information included in the short beacon. To finally receive the full beacon.
- the STA may operate in a power saving mode (e.g., a doze mode) after receiving the probe response until receiving the next short beacon frame, and in accordance with the transmission point of the next short beacon frame (e.g., a short beacon frame).
- a short beacon may be received by waking up) immediately before the transmission time of.
- the STA may operate in a power saving mode (e.g., a doze mode) after receiving a short beacon frame after receiving a short beacon frame, and in time for transmitting the next full beacon frame (e.g., full beacon) Just before the transmission of the frame, the device may wake up to receive the full beacon.
- the present embodiment relates to a method for receiving a full beacon by informing information about a time taken to receive a next short beacon and information about short beacons. This is another example of the hierarchical beacon receiving method proposed in the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for describing a method of providing beacon reception information according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the AP may transmit a probe response frame to the corresponding STA.
- information about a time duration between a STA receiving a probe response frame to a next short beacon or a reception time of a probe response frame and a next short beacon Information on the difference value (ie, time offset) of the reception time of the P may be included in the probe response frame and transmitted.
- the Duration to Next Short Beacon field may be included in the probe response frame.
- the probe response frame may further include short beacon count information of a next short beacon.
- the short beacon count information may correspond to the number of short beacon frames remaining until the next full beacon frame transmission time, including the next short beacon frame.
- the short beacon count information may indicate the number of remaining short beacon frames that can be transmitted until the next full beacon frame transmission time except for the next short beacon frame.
- the short beacon count information may be included in the short beacon frame itself, instead of being included in the probe response frame.
- the probe response frame may further include short beacon interval information.
- Short beacon interval means the duration between short beacon frames.
- the STA may determine / calculate a time point for receiving the next short beacon based on the reception time of the current probe response frame based on the value of the Duration to Next Short Beacon field. Accordingly, the STA can correctly receive the next short beacon.
- the STA operates in a power saving mode (eg, a doze mode) until receiving the next short beacon frame after receiving the probe response, and then transmits the short short beacon frame in accordance with the transmission time of the next short beacon frame. Just before the point of view) may wake up to receive a short beacon.
- a power saving mode eg, a doze mode
- the STA may determine / calculate the duration until the next full beacon transmission time by using the short beacon count information and the short beacon interval information included in the probe response frame (or the short beacon frame).
- the value of the short beacon count is set to 3, which means that the number of remaining short beacon frames, including the next short beacon frame, is three until the next full beacon is received. (Or, in this situation, the value of the short beacon count may be set to 2, which is only due to the counting method not including the next short beacon frame, and should be understood to represent the same situation).
- the STA may determine / calculate that the next full beacon frame may be received after a value of Duration to Next Short Beacon + 3 * Short Beacon Interval time based on the probe response frame reception time.
- the operation of this embodiment can be advantageously applied.
- the STA can correctly receive the next full beacon.
- the STA may operate in a power saving mode (eg, a doze mode) after receiving a short beacon frame after receiving a short beacon frame, and in accordance with a transmission time of the next full beacon frame (eg, full beacon) Just before the transmission of the frame, the device may wake up to receive the full beacon.
- a power saving mode eg, a doze mode
- the next full beacon frame eg, full beacon
- the device may wake up to receive the full beacon.
- the present embodiment relates to a method for receiving a full beacon by informing information about a time taken to receive a next short beacon and short beacon configuration information. This is another example of the hierarchical beacon receiving method proposed in the present invention.
- the information on the setting of the short beacon may include one or more of the number of short beacons, short beacon intervals, or short beacon index information.
- the number of short beacons refers to the number of short beacon frames transmitted between full beacons (ie, during a full beacon interval). This information may be included in the probe response frame and provided to the STA, may be included in the short beacon frame and provided to the STA, or the value may be determined without additional signaling using a preset value in the system.
- Short beacon interval information means the duration between short beacons. This information may be included in the probe response frame and provided to the STA, or may be included in the short beacon frame and provided to the STA.
- the short beacon index may be given as a value indicating each short beacon and may be assigned to each short beacon with a value that increases sequentially in time order. Although the present invention assumes that the index starts at 1, the principles of the present invention can be equally applied even when the index starts at 0.
- This information may be included in the probe response frame and provided to the STA, or may be included in the short beacon frame and provided to the STA.
- 19 is a diagram for describing a method of providing beacon reception information according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the AP may transmit a probe response frame to the corresponding STA.
- information about a time duration between a STA receiving a probe response frame to a next short beacon or a reception time of a probe response frame and a next short beacon Information on the difference value (ie, time offset) of the reception time of the P may be included in the probe response frame and transmitted.
- the Duration to Next Short Beacon field may be included in the probe response frame.
- the STA may determine / calculate a time point for receiving the next short beacon based on the reception time of the current probe response frame based on the value of the Duration to Next Short Beacon field. Accordingly, the STA can correctly receive the next short beacon.
- the STA operates in a power saving mode (for example, a doze mode) after receiving the probe response until receiving the next short beacon frame, and then transmits the short short beacon frame in accordance with the transmission time of the next short beacon frame. Just before the point of view) may wake up to receive a short beacon.
- a power saving mode for example, a doze mode
- the STA may obtain short beacon index information of the corresponding short beacon frame. Accordingly, the STA may know how many short beacon frames the received short beacon frame is. In addition, information about the number of short beacons provided through the probe response frame and the like and a short beacon interval may be used to determine / calculate a time point at which the next full beacon frame may be received.
- the total number of short beacon frames during the full beacon interval is 3, and the index of the first short beacon frame received by the STA is 1 based on the Duration to Next Short Beacon included in the probe response frame.
- the STA may know that the next full beacon frame will be transmitted after two short beacons are transmitted except for the short beacons that have already been received. From this, the STA may calculate that the next full beacon is to be transmitted at a time after the 3 * short beacon interval from the current time when the short beacon (ie, the short beacon of index 1) is received.
- the operation of this embodiment can be advantageously applied.
- the STA can correctly receive the next full beacon.
- the STA may operate in a power saving mode (eg, a doze mode) after receiving a short beacon frame after receiving a short beacon frame, and in accordance with a transmission time of the next full beacon frame (eg, full beacon) Just before the transmission of the frame, the device may wake up to receive the full beacon.
- a power saving mode eg, a doze mode
- the next full beacon frame eg, full beacon
- the device may wake up to receive the full beacon.
- the Duration to Next Short Beacon information may be included in the probe response frame, but additional information may be defined as included in the short beacon frame.
- short beacon-related information for example, short beacon count information, short beacon interval information, etc.
- short beacon setting information for example, short beacon number information
- Short beacon interval information, short beacon index information, etc. may be directly included in the corresponding short beacon, not the probe response frame.
- the STA may correctly receive the next short beacon while performing a power saving operation by using Duration to Next Short Beacon information included in the probe response frame.
- the STA uses the additional information included in the short beacon frame (eg, one or more of short beacon count information, short beacon interval information, short beacon number information, or short beacon index information) to select the next full beacon frame. Receive correctly while performing power saving operation.
- a particular type of STA may be defined as operating using only a short beacon signal (or only receiving a short beacon signal) without using (or listening to) a full beacon.
- the AP may inform the STA of the time required for the next short beacon (eg, Duration to Next Short Beacon) through the probe response frame.
- the AP may inform the STA of the time (eg, Duration to Next Short Beacon) and the short beacon interval information required for the next short beacon through the probe response frame.
- 20 is a flowchart illustrating a beacon frame transmission / reception method according to an example of the present invention.
- the STA may receive a probe response frame from the AP.
- the probe response frame may be received in response to a probe request frame (not shown) transmitted by the STA to the AP.
- the probe response frame may include next beacon view information of the AP.
- the STA may determine a time point for receiving the next beacon using the received next beacon view information.
- step S2030 the STA may receive the next beacon at the determined time.
- the STA may operate in a power saving mode (eg, a doze state) between steps S2020 and S2030.
- a power saving mode eg, a doze state
- next beacon is a full beacon
- the STA receives a probe response frame, determines a next full beacon reception time, and then switches to a doze state, and immediately before receiving the next full beacon. Switch to to receive a full beacon.
- the next beacon time information of the AP included in the probe response frame may be duration to next beacon or next target beacon transmission time (Next TBTT) information.
- the STA receives a probe response frame and determines a time point for receiving the next short beacon, then switches to a doze state, and immediately before receiving the next short beacon. By switching to a wake state, a short beacon may be received.
- the next full beacon reception time may be determined using various information included in the short beacon (or included in the probe response frame) ( Not shown).
- the various information may include duration information up to the next full beacon described in the embodiments of the present invention, and additionally, short beacon count information, short beacon interval information, short beacon number information, short beacon It may include one or more of interval information, short beacon index information.
- the STA may receive a short beacon frame and determine a next full beacon reception time and then switch to a doze state, and immediately after receiving the next full beacon, switch to an awake state and receive a full beacon (not shown). ).
- beacon receiving method of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 20
- the above-described matters described in various embodiments of the present invention may be applied independently or may be implemented so that two or more embodiments are simultaneously applied.
- 21 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the AP 10 may include a processor 11, a memory 12, and a transceiver 13.
- the STA 20 may include a processor 21, a memory 22, and a transceiver 23.
- the transceivers 13 and 23 may transmit / receive wireless signals and, for example, may implement a physical layer in accordance with the IEEE 802 system.
- the processors 11 and 21 may be connected to the transceivers 13 and 21 to implement a physical layer and / or a MAC layer according to the IEEE 802 system. Processors 11 and 21 may be configured to perform operations according to the various embodiments of the present invention described above.
- modules for implementing the operations of the AP and the STA according to various embodiments of the present invention described above may be stored in the memories 12 and 22 and executed by the processors 11 and 21.
- the memories 12 and 22 may be included in the processors 11 and 21 or may be installed outside the processors 11 and 21 and connected to the processors 11 and 21 by known means.
- Embodiments of the present invention described above may be implemented through various means.
- embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- a method according to embodiments of the present invention may include one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), and Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs). It may be implemented by field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- DSPs Digital Signal Processors
- DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
- PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- processors controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.
- the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a module, a procedure, or a function that performs the functions or operations described above.
- the software code may be stored in a memory unit and driven by a processor.
- the memory unit may be located inside or outside the processor, and may exchange data with the processor by various known means.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 무선 통신 시스템의 스테이션(STA)에서 비콘을 수신하는 방법에 있어서,액세스 포인트(AP)로부터 프로브 응답 프레임을 수신하는 단계;상기 프로브 응답 프레임에 포함된 상기 AP의 다음 비콘 시점 정보를 이용하여 상기 다음 비콘의 수신 시점을 결정하는 단계; 및상기 결정된 다음 비콘의 수신 시점에서 상기 다음 비콘을 수신하는 단계를 포함하는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 다음 비콘의 수신 시점을 결정하는 단계 이후에 상기 STA은 도즈(doze) 상태로 전환되고, 상기 결정된 다음 비콘의 수신 시점 이전에 어웨이크(awake) 상태로 전환되는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 다음 비콘은 풀 비콘(Full Beacon)이고,상기 다음 비콘 시점 정보는, 다음 풀 비콘까지의 듀레이션(Duration to Next Full Beacon) 또는 다음 타겟 비콘 전송 타임(Next TBTT) 정보인, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 다음 비콘은 짧은 비콘(Short Beacon)이고,상기 다음 비콘 시점 정보는, 다음 짧은 비콘까지의 듀레이션(Duration to Next Short Beacon)인, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 수신된 짧은 비콘에 포함된 다음 풀 비콘까지의 듀레이션(Duration to Next Full Beacon) 정보 또는 다음 타겟 비콘 전송 시점 (Next TBTT) 정보를 이용하여 상기 다음 풀 비콘의 수신 시점을 결정하는 단계; 및상기 결정된 다음 풀 비콘의 수신 시점에서 상기 다음 풀 비콘을 수신하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 다음 풀 비콘의 수신 시점을 결정하고 나서 상기 STA은 도즈(doze) 상태로 전환되고, 상기 결정된 수신 시점 이전에 어웨이크(awake) 상태로 전환되는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,짧은 비콘 카운트 정보 또는 짧은 비콘 인터벌 정보 중의 하나 이상을 이용하여, 상기 다음 풀 비콘의 수신 시점을 결정하는 단계; 및상기 결정된 다음 풀 비콘의 수신 시점에서 상기 다음 풀 비콘을 수신하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 짧은 비콘 카운트 정보 또는 상기 짧은 비콘 인터벌 정보 중의 하나 이상은, 상기 프로브 응답 프레임 또는 상기 짧은 비콘에 포함되는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,짧은 비콘 개수 정보, 짧은 비콘 인터벌 정보, 또는 짧은 비콘 인덱스 정보 중의 하나 이상을 이용하여, 상기 다음 풀 비콘의 수신 시점을 결정하는 단계; 및상기 결정된 다음 풀 비콘의 수신 시점에서 상기 다음 풀 비콘을 수신하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,상기 짧은 비콘 개수 정보, 상기 짧은 비콘 인터벌 정보, 또는 상기 짧은 비콘 인덱스 정보 중의 하나 이상은, 상기 프로브 응답 프레임 또는 상기 짧은 비콘에 포함되는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 짧은 비콘은, 압축된 SSID 필드, 4 바이트 타임스탬프, 또는 변경 시퀀스 필드 중의 하나 이상을 더 포함하는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 프로브 응답 프레임은, 타임스탬프 또는 SSID(service set identifier)중의 하나 이상을 더 포함하는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 프로브 응답 프레임은, 상기 STA이 상기 AP로 전송한 프로브 요청 프레임에 대한 응답으로 수신되는, 비콘 수신 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 비콘을 수신하는 스테이션(STA) 장치에 있어서,송수신기; 및프로세서를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는, 액세스 포인트(AP)로부터 상기 송수신기를 이용하여 프로브 응답 프레임을 수신하고; 상기 프로브 응답 프레임에 포함된 상기 AP의 다음 비콘 시점 정보를 이용하여 상기 다음 비콘의 수신 시점을 결정하고; 상기 결정된 다음 비콘의 수신 시점에서 상기 송수신기를 이용하여 상기 다음 비콘을 수신하도록 설정되는, 비콘 수신 STA 장치.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13770169.4A EP2833566B1 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-04-01 | Method and apparatus for transceiving beacon in wireless lan system |
KR1020147023855A KR20150000474A (ko) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-04-01 | 무선랜 시스템에서 비콘 송수신 방법 및 장치 |
JP2015503127A JP6130904B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-04-01 | 無線lanシステムにおいてビーコン送受信方法及び装置 |
CN201380017534.9A CN104247302A (zh) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-04-01 | 在无线lan系统中收发信标的方法和设备 |
US14/389,581 US9538552B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-04-01 | Method and apparatus for transceiving beacon in wireless LAN system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201261617667P | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | |
US61/617,667 | 2012-03-30 |
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WO2013147563A1 true WO2013147563A1 (ko) | 2013-10-03 |
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PCT/KR2013/002684 WO2013147563A1 (ko) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-04-01 | 무선랜 시스템에서 비콘 송수신 방법 및 장치 |
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US (1) | US9538552B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2833566B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP6130904B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20150000474A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN104247302A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2013147563A1 (ko) |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2833566B1 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
CN104247302A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
JP6130904B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
JP2015511807A (ja) | 2015-04-20 |
US20150078229A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
US9538552B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 |
EP2833566A4 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
KR20150000474A (ko) | 2015-01-02 |
EP2833566A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
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