WO2013143933A1 - Simulateur de poumons - Google Patents

Simulateur de poumons Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013143933A1
WO2013143933A1 PCT/EP2013/055785 EP2013055785W WO2013143933A1 WO 2013143933 A1 WO2013143933 A1 WO 2013143933A1 EP 2013055785 W EP2013055785 W EP 2013055785W WO 2013143933 A1 WO2013143933 A1 WO 2013143933A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lung
enclosure
cte
lung simulator
simulator according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/055785
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Øystein GOMO
Original Assignee
Laerdal Global Health As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Laerdal Global Health As filed Critical Laerdal Global Health As
Publication of WO2013143933A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013143933A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/288—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for artificial respiration or heart massage

Definitions

  • the present invention in general, relates to a lung simulator for practicing ventilation of a newborn's liquid filled lungs.
  • the present invention relates to a lung simulator adapted to simulate a lung behavior of liquid filled lungs and its subsequent ventilation.
  • the present invention relates to a lung simulator for simulating ventilation of liquid filled lungs, according to the preamble of claim 1 .
  • various lung simulators have been developed to train the medical trainees, paramedical staff and birth attendees to handle various malfunctioning and diseases associated with lungs, such as obstructive lung disease, asthma and interstitial lung disease occurring due to loss of lung compliance.
  • a very common lung condition among newborns is liquid/water filled lungs. In normal circumstances the water will be absorbed by the lung tissue as soon as the newborn starts to breath. However, this is not always the case. Therefore the newborn may need some help in this process by performing initial ventilations. The initial ventilations are done with a higher and more prolonged pressure than normal ventilation.
  • US 5509810 discloses an interactive neonatal resuscitation simulator and an infant android of life-like appearance and response.
  • the android does simulate a condition where resuscitation is required. It also evaluates the resuscitation activity of the trainee. It also discloses mimicking a predetermined human reaction to a resuscitation effort made by a trainee.
  • US 5584701 teaches a self-regulating simulated lung for use in real time in simulated medical procedures. It discloses at least one bellow capable of receiving and expelling gas and means for actuating the bellows, which comprises a double acting piston connected to the bellows. A first constant pressure and a second variable pressure acts on respective sides of the piston.
  • the above patent also does not teach simulating liquid filled lungs and its ventilation, so that optimal resuscitation can be taught precisely to the trainee in a simple and lucid manner.
  • DE 19714684 shows schematically a simple lung simulator. This simulator may simulate various compliance of a lung, but is unable to simulate a liquid filled lung.
  • the present invention meets this aforesaid long felt need and other needs associated therewith.
  • a lung simulator for simulating ventilation of liquid filled lungs, adapted to be coupled to the airways of a manikin.
  • the main objects of the invention is achieved by the lung simulator comprising an enclosure with a moveable member, a first end of the enclosure being adapted to be coupled to a mouth/nose opening of the manikin, a selectively adjustable valve being coupled to a second end of the enclosure said moveable member being adapted to move relative to a ventilation volume.
  • the enclosure is a cylinder and that the moveable member is a piston.
  • the enclosure is a bellows and that the moveable member is a wall of the bellows.
  • the enclosure is a container and that the moveable member is a dividing membrane of the container.
  • the second end of the cylinder is coupled to a lung of the manikin via the adjustable valve. Thereby chest raise of the manikin can be simulated.
  • the piston is coupled to a spring that acts to bias the piston against the ventilation pressure entering the first end of the cylinder. Thereby the piston will return to its initial position when the ventilation pressure is released.
  • the spring will also provide a basic resistance of ventilation, simulating the basic compliance of the lungs.
  • a restriction nozzle is coupled to the airways between the second end of the cylinder and the valve for slowly releasing the air pressure from the second end of the cylinder when the valve is partially or fully closed. Thereby water absorption of the lungs can be simulated.
  • a check valve is coupled to the airways between second end of the cylinder and the valve for allowing air to flow into the second end of the piston when the ventilation pressure is released. Thereby exhalation from the lungs can be simulated.
  • the restriction nozzle and the check valve are connected to the airways through a common branch line. This provides a simple construction of the device.
  • a manometer is coupled to the airways between the manikin and the first end of the cylinder for measuring ventilation pressure. Thereby the trainee can easily monitor the ventilation pressure.
  • a piston position gauge is arranged to measure the piston displacement and thereby the volume of ventilated air. These data can be used to determine the efficiency of the ventilation.
  • the cylinder is wholly or partially transparent, so that the position of the piston can be visually monitored. This provides a simple and low cost means for monitoring the inflated volume.
  • the lung simulator is enclosed in a separate housing outside the manikin. This makes it possible to connect the device to a variety of manikins and even provides the possibility of using the device without a manikin.
  • the simulator is operatively connected to a computing device for carrying out detailed studies of the relation between pressure, volume, inspiration times and for logging of the simulation events.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic line drawing of a preferred embodiment of a lung simulator according to the present invention and its connectivity with other components.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a detailed line drawing of the internal components of the lung simulator shown in figure 1 , simulating normal lung resuscitation.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the lung simulator according to the present invention as shown in figure 2, simulating water filled lung condition.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the lung simulator according to the present invention as shown in figure 3 with during exhalation.
  • the lung is described as water filled in the following, it is to be understood that in a real human being the liquid will be predominantly water but with small amounts of other bodily liquids and solids. It is also to be understood that the lung is usually only partly filled with water and that the amount of water can vary substantially. In the simulator device described hereinafter, the term "water filled lung” is used in the sense of "a simulated water filled lung".
  • the figure 1 shows a schematic view of the lung simulator 1 capable of receiving and expelling gas/air. It has two tubes; a first tube 3 is connected to the mouth 3' of the baby manikin 2 through its throat portion. A second tube 4 is connected to the chest portion of the manikin.
  • the ventilator (not shown) can be of any type known in the art and is conventionally placed to cover the mouth and nose area of the manikin.
  • the ventilator is applied to pump air under pressure into the lung simulator 1 , which is adapted to receive the air.
  • the tube 4 carries the air to the chest portion of the manikin 2 so that there is a visual chest rise, as in a real situation.
  • the manikin 2 has a lung bag 4' inside its chest portion.
  • the lung simulator 1 is designed to simulate water filled lungs of a neonatal and its ventilation, by blowing in air through the mouth 3' of the baby manikin 2, so that it may be resuscitated.
  • the trainee receives training and practice as to how much air needs to be blown in through the mouth of the baby manikin 2, in a given condition for optimal resuscitation.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the simulator 1 within its housing has a transparent cylinder 1 '.
  • the transparent cylinder V encloses a piston 6 movable upwardly against an extension spring 7. With no pressure on either side of it, the piston 6 is pulled down by the force of the spring 7, so that it rests close to the lower wall of the cylinder 1 '.
  • a rod 13 is attached to the piston and extends through the upper wall of the cylinder 1 ' and preferably into a protective sleeve 14.
  • a piston displacement reader, such as an optical encoder/reader system 9 is placed close to the rod to read optical markings on the rod 13 in order to determine the position of the piston 6.
  • the air inlet port 3 to the housing 1 ' connects the mouth 3' of the manikin 2 with a first end A of the cylinder 1 ' on a first side of the piston 6.
  • the air outlet port 4 connects to the chest 4' of the manikin 2 to a second end B of the cylinder 1 ' on a second side of the piston 6 opposite of the first end A.
  • a tube 3a extends from the inlet port 3 to the first end A of the cylinder 1 '.
  • a tube 4a extends from the outlet port 4 to the second end B end of the cylinder 1 '.
  • a valve 5 for selectively restricting the passage of air from the cylinder 1 ' to the outlet port 4.
  • a branch tube 4b extends from the tube 4a between the cylinder 1 ' and the restriction valve.
  • the branch tube 4b is further branched into a first part 4c, which has a restriction nozzle 1 1 and a second part 4d, which has a check valve 10. Both the restriction nozzle and the check valve communicate with the ambient air.
  • the check valve 10 is capable of letting air into the branch 4b but prevent air from escaping from the branch 4b.
  • the lung simulator 1 also has a manometer 12 for measuring lung the pressure. The manometer connected to the tube 3a and is thus in fluid communication with the mouth/nose of the manikin is.
  • the air in-port 3 being connected to the throat portion of the manikin 2, receives air from the ventilator (not shown) placed on the manikin mouth 3', which is ventilated by a trainee, such as a birth attendee.
  • the valve 5 of the air outlet port 4 is kept open so that air enters the chest portion 4' of the manikin 2 through this air-out port 4, for visualizing a chest rise in the manikin 2.
  • the accompanying figure 3 illustrates simulation of stiff water filled lungs of a neonatal.
  • the valve 5 is closed, preventing air from flowing to the outlet 4. Consequently, as the piston 6 is forced upward, it compresses the air on the upper side, i.e. in the part 8 of the cylinder 1 '. In order to overcome the back pressure of the compressed air, a higher ventilation pressure must be applied. The lung will be perceived as stiffen By virtue of this arrangement such stiffness of a new born having water filled lungs is mimicked.
  • the lung stiffness of the neonatal will decrease slowly when the high ventilation pressure is maintained, particularly because the water is absorbed by the lungs tissue. So, the simulator has to mimic a condition where back pressure on the piston decreases slowly.
  • the ventilator conventionally is provided with a pressure relief valve that is adapted to open if the ventilation pressure exceeds a certain maximum normal ventilation pressure, the trainee may have to obstruct the relief valve in order to achieve a sufficiently high ventilation pressure. This is a normal procedure if the lungs are water filled.
  • the device of the invention will provide god practice in the techniques of maintaining a high ventilation pressure and gradually let the lungs be filled with air.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a stage where the piston 6 is caused to rapidly return to its original position mimicking exhalation after pressing air into water filled lungs. Air is let into the upper part of the cylinder V via the check valve 10, which opens to allow in air into the part 8 of the cylinder 1 '. In that event, the piston 6 quickly moves down to its initial position and air inside the cylinder V is exhaled back to the ventilator.
  • the valve 5 remains closed at this stage, and practicing of yet another inflation of water filled lungs may be done straight away, as described above with reference to figure 2. After successful initial ventilations, a vital capacity of the lungs has been achieved, and the lung compliance increases to that of a normal baby-lung. This transition is here done manually by operating the valve 5 and open up the channel 4.
  • a computer (not shown) is connected to the simulator 1 .
  • the simulator 1 measures volume by registering piston 6 displacement by the optical encoder/reader system 9.
  • a third tube (not shown) may be connected between the manikin's mouth 3' and the simulator 1 .
  • the pressure can be measured from the inspiration air in the air intake port 3 of the simulator 1 .
  • the mouth pressure one can also assess the airway- opening that the person resuscitating the manikin should obtain, by tilting the manikin's head to the correct position.
  • Electronics in the simulator may provide volume and pressure reading data to the computer (not shown).
  • the data may be displayed graphically and logged for debrief purposes.
  • the present invention provides a lung simulator which simulates a set lung compliance and airway resistance, since it really is a combination of the two with an additional pressure-duration factor. By manipulating the valve 5, various long compliances may be set.
  • the simulator of the present invention mimics the condition during evacuation of water from a water filled lungs, the lung compliance goes from low to typical over time as the vital capacity of the lungs increase. This calls for an enhanced lung-stiffness that decrease gradually, as mimicked by the simulator 1 of the present invention, and the rate of decrease is dependent on the ventilation pressure. This aspect is also manifested by the simulator of the present invention. All these aspects were not hitherto taught by prior art lung simulators.
  • the lung simulator of the present invention is suitable to mimic the condition of liquid filled lungs and how they can be ventilated for achieving optimal resuscitation of an individual.
  • it teaches the trainee to practice and learn the process of ventilating liquid filled lungs such as that of a neonatal having water filled lungs, for achieving expertise in resuscitating the patient.
  • the cylinder V is transparent to facilitate monitoring the position of the piston 6 from outside the simulator 1 .
  • the pressure measuring device such as the manometer 12 facilitates the trainee to keep control over the process and practice it by trial and error over and over again.
  • the position of the piston may be registered by the optical encoder/reader system 9 and shown in a display.
  • a side effect of the simulator of the present invention is that pollutant that is blown into the mouth of the manikin, due to practicing of the kiss of life, does not enter the lungs of the manikin. Hence, only the airways between the mouth and the cylinder need to be cleaned.
  • the cylinder and piston may be replaced by other means that are capable of responding to a ventilation volume being inflated to the simulator.
  • Other means can be a bellows that is adapted to expand and contract according to the inflated volume or a container with a dividing membrane between two chambers.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un simulateur de poumons (1) pour simuler la ventilation de poumons remplis de liquide, conçu pour être accouplé aux voies respiratoires d'un mannequin (2). Le simulateur comprend une enceinte, par exemple, un cylindre (1'), avec un élément mobile, par exemple un piston (6). Une première extrémité (A) de l'enceinte (1') est conçue pour être accouplée à une bouche/ouverture de nez (3') du mannequin (2). Une valve ajustable de manière sélective (5) est accouplée à une seconde extrémité (B) de l'enceinte (1'). L'élément mobile (6) est conçu pour se déplacer par rapport à un volume de ventilation. Avec le simulateur, il est possible de simuler les poumons remplis d'eau d'un nouveau-né.
PCT/EP2013/055785 2012-03-28 2013-03-20 Simulateur de poumons WO2013143933A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20120380 2012-03-28
NO20120380 2012-03-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013143933A1 true WO2013143933A1 (fr) 2013-10-03

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105632312A (zh) * 2016-03-22 2016-06-01 上海大学 人体呼吸模拟装置
CN105894933A (zh) * 2016-06-03 2016-08-24 镇江市第四人民医院 一种模拟人体呼吸系统的多功能气流舱
WO2018001413A1 (fr) * 2016-07-01 2018-01-04 Peter Schaller Simulateur de poumons
WO2018140779A1 (fr) 2017-01-27 2018-08-02 Gaumard Scientific Company, Inc. Simulateur de patient et dispositifs, systèmes et procédés associés
RU2763657C1 (ru) * 2021-09-21 2021-12-30 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Хирана+» Симулятор спонтанной дыхательной активности пациента

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3808706A (en) 1973-01-29 1974-05-07 Michigan Instr Inc Pneumatic lung analog
US4167070A (en) 1978-10-06 1979-09-11 Burt B Educational lung simulator
EP0300412A1 (fr) * 1987-07-24 1989-01-25 Arthur Wehner Dispositif pour l'entraînement de la respiration artificielle
US5509810A (en) 1993-02-04 1996-04-23 Rofeh Simulations Limited Interactive neonatal resuscitation training simulator and method
US5584701A (en) 1992-05-13 1996-12-17 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Incorporated Self regulating lung for simulated medical procedures
DE19714684A1 (de) 1997-04-09 1998-10-15 Medecontrol Electronics Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Beatmungs- und Narkosegeräten
FR2800288A1 (fr) * 1999-11-03 2001-05-04 App Medical De Prec Amp L Procede et dispositif pour simuler la respiration humaine
US6296490B1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2001-10-02 O-Two Systems International Inc. Ventilation training analyzer manikin
WO2003041778A1 (fr) 2001-11-13 2003-05-22 Soderel Sa Simulateur de poumon
US20040110117A1 (en) 2002-12-06 2004-06-10 Van Oostrom Johannes H. Lung simulator for an integrated human patient simulator
US6874501B1 (en) 2002-12-06 2005-04-05 Robert H. Estetter Lung simulator
US6910896B1 (en) 2000-12-15 2005-06-28 Ram Consulting, Inc. Mechanical lungs
WO2005104062A1 (fr) 2004-04-27 2005-11-03 Kings College London Simulateur de poumon
US20070264621A1 (en) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-15 Laerdal Medical As Chest simulator
US20100285439A1 (en) 2008-01-11 2010-11-11 Einar Mestad Device for simulating variable lung compliance

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3808706A (en) 1973-01-29 1974-05-07 Michigan Instr Inc Pneumatic lung analog
US4167070A (en) 1978-10-06 1979-09-11 Burt B Educational lung simulator
EP0300412A1 (fr) * 1987-07-24 1989-01-25 Arthur Wehner Dispositif pour l'entraînement de la respiration artificielle
US5584701A (en) 1992-05-13 1996-12-17 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Incorporated Self regulating lung for simulated medical procedures
US5509810A (en) 1993-02-04 1996-04-23 Rofeh Simulations Limited Interactive neonatal resuscitation training simulator and method
DE19714684A1 (de) 1997-04-09 1998-10-15 Medecontrol Electronics Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Beatmungs- und Narkosegeräten
FR2800288A1 (fr) * 1999-11-03 2001-05-04 App Medical De Prec Amp L Procede et dispositif pour simuler la respiration humaine
US6296490B1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2001-10-02 O-Two Systems International Inc. Ventilation training analyzer manikin
US6910896B1 (en) 2000-12-15 2005-06-28 Ram Consulting, Inc. Mechanical lungs
WO2003041778A1 (fr) 2001-11-13 2003-05-22 Soderel Sa Simulateur de poumon
US6874501B1 (en) 2002-12-06 2005-04-05 Robert H. Estetter Lung simulator
US20040110117A1 (en) 2002-12-06 2004-06-10 Van Oostrom Johannes H. Lung simulator for an integrated human patient simulator
US6921267B2 (en) 2002-12-06 2005-07-26 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Lung simulator for an integrated human patient simulator
WO2005104062A1 (fr) 2004-04-27 2005-11-03 Kings College London Simulateur de poumon
US20070264621A1 (en) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-15 Laerdal Medical As Chest simulator
US20100285439A1 (en) 2008-01-11 2010-11-11 Einar Mestad Device for simulating variable lung compliance

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105632312A (zh) * 2016-03-22 2016-06-01 上海大学 人体呼吸模拟装置
CN105894933A (zh) * 2016-06-03 2016-08-24 镇江市第四人民医院 一种模拟人体呼吸系统的多功能气流舱
WO2018001413A1 (fr) * 2016-07-01 2018-01-04 Peter Schaller Simulateur de poumons
WO2018140779A1 (fr) 2017-01-27 2018-08-02 Gaumard Scientific Company, Inc. Simulateur de patient et dispositifs, systèmes et procédés associés
CN110234408A (zh) * 2017-01-27 2019-09-13 科玛科学公司 患者模拟器及相关设备、系统和方法
EP3573723A4 (fr) * 2017-01-27 2020-12-16 Gaumard Scientific Company, Inc. Simulateur de patient et dispositifs, systèmes et procédés associés
CN110234408B (zh) * 2017-01-27 2021-11-02 科玛科学公司 患者模拟器及相关设备、系统和方法
US11847933B2 (en) 2017-01-27 2023-12-19 Gaumard Scientific Company, Inc. Patient simulator and associated devices, systems, and methods
RU2763657C1 (ru) * 2021-09-21 2021-12-30 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Хирана+» Симулятор спонтанной дыхательной активности пациента

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