WO2013139142A1 - 光伏装置 - Google Patents

光伏装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013139142A1
WO2013139142A1 PCT/CN2012/085892 CN2012085892W WO2013139142A1 WO 2013139142 A1 WO2013139142 A1 WO 2013139142A1 CN 2012085892 W CN2012085892 W CN 2012085892W WO 2013139142 A1 WO2013139142 A1 WO 2013139142A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic module
photovoltaic
support column
spoiler
base
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/085892
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋行宾
杨培环
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 北京京东方能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US13/976,639 priority Critical patent/US9331222B2/en
Publication of WO2013139142A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013139142A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
    • F24S25/13—Profile arrangements, e.g. trusses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
    • F24S40/53—Preventing overheating or overpressure by venting solar heat collector enclosures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/80—Accommodating differential expansion of solar collector elements
    • F24S40/85—Arrangements for protecting solar collectors against adverse weather conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H02S20/24—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures specially adapted for flat roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
    • F24S2025/02—Ballasting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/30—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the invention relate to photovoltaic devices. Background technique
  • the photovoltaic power generation device of the building roof mainly comprises a battery component composed of a solar cell and a carrier, and the battery component is mounted on the roof of the sun, and the solar cell component converts the light energy into electric energy and collects the electric energy into the electric grid.
  • the general structure of the photovoltaic power generation device is as shown in FIG. 1 , including the column 31 , the beam 32 and the ceiling 33 , and the strip 34 and the partition are installed on the beam 32 .
  • the grid 35 is provided with a roof panel 36 on the grille 35.
  • the roof panel 36 is covered with a waterproof layer (or linoleum) 37.
  • the waterproof layer 37 is covered with tiles, and the battery assembly 38 is mounted on the tile.
  • the above-mentioned existing photovoltaic power generation roof technology has the following disadvantages: First, the structure is complicated and the installation is troublesome. And working on the roof, labor intensity, very difficult; Second, the consumption of large materials, material processing procedures, high labor costs; Third, not durable, easy to break, short service life; Fourth, the roof and battery components connected to the installation fastness Poor, repair and replacement trouble; Fifth, the shape is harmless, not beautiful.
  • the joints of the existing roof rely on bricks, cement, linoleum, glue, etc. to block and seal, which is troublesome in construction, poor in leakage prevention and impervious performance, and difficult to maintain.
  • the ordinary photovoltaic device with battery components needs to be able to withstand the wind load for 50 years, so it is necessary to prefabricate the cement foundation, which will destroy the original roof; the cement foundation and the roof waterproof layer repair will improve the photovoltaic system. Cost; In addition, existing bracket machining errors and assembly errors can make the bracket difficult to install. Moreover, ordinary photovoltaic devices have a large counterweight and a high support requirement for the roof. Summary of the invention
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic device, including: a base, a photovoltaic assembly, and a baffle, wherein the photovoltaic assembly is disposed on the base on the rear side of the photovoltaic module from the bottom to the top in a front-rear direction
  • the deflector is disposed at the base in a rearward and upward direction from the bottom to the top On.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic device in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a photovoltaic device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a side elevational view of a photovoltaic device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a photovoltaic device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view of a photovoltaic device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of the view I of Figure 3;
  • Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of the view II of Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is a partial enlarged view of the view III of Figure 5;
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of the view IV of Figure 4.
  • Figure 10 is a partial enlarged view of the view V in Figure 3;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a guide rail in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spoiler in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a plan view of a bead in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of an array type photovoltaic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • One of the technical problems to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is how to improve the ability of the photovoltaic device to withstand wind loads and reduce the installation difficulty of the photovoltaic device.
  • the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the inventive scope are the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a side view thereof.
  • the photovoltaic device as shown includes a photovoltaic module 8 disposed on the base 1 from the bottom to the top in a front-rear direction, and a rear side disposed on the rear side of the photovoltaic module 8 in a rear-to-front direction.
  • the base 1 includes two base plates arranged side by side, and each of the base plates is provided with a guide rail.
  • the photovoltaic module 8 is mounted on the guide rail to facilitate adjustment of the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 8.
  • the photovoltaic module 8 The tilt angle is generally chosen to be 20 ⁇ 40°.
  • the upper end of the baffle 5 can be selectively connected to the upper end of the photovoltaic module 8 or fixed to the rear pillar 7 of the photovoltaic module.
  • the connection manner can be hinge connection, overlap or abutment. , preferably hinged connection.
  • the lower end of the deflector 5 is mounted on the guide rail, and the inclination angle of the deflector 5 is generally selected to be 30 to 60°.
  • a spoiler 3 which is inclined from the bottom to the top in the rearward direction.
  • the upper end of the spoiler 3 is connected to the baffle 5 or close to the upper end of the baffle 5, and the lower end is fixed. On the base 1, the inclination of the spoiler 3 is thereby achieved.
  • the tilting arrangement of the photovoltaic module 8 can be achieved, for example, by providing a photovoltaic module front support column 9 and a photovoltaic module rear support column 7 on the guide rail.
  • the height of the front support column 9 of the photovoltaic module is smaller than the height of the rear support column 7 of the photovoltaic module, and the lower end and the upper end of the photovoltaic module 8 are respectively supported by the photovoltaic module front support column 9 and the photovoltaic module rear support column 7;
  • the lower end of the deflector 5 is fixed at On the guide rail, the upper end of the baffle 5 is fixed to the upper end of the rear support column 7 of the photovoltaic module, thereby achieving the inclined setting of the baffle 5;
  • the inclined arrangement of the spoiler 3 is set, for example, by the guide rail on the rear side of the baffle 5
  • the spoiler rear support column 2 is provided with a spoiler front support column 4 on the baffle 5, and the lower end and the upper end of the spoiler 3
  • the guide rails disposed on the base 1 can appropriately increase the number of the guide rails according to the size and weight of the supported photovoltaic modules 8; and, the length of the guide rails is based on the front support columns of the photovoltaic modules, and the rear support of the photovoltaic components.
  • the overall structural length of the column 7, the deflector 5 and the spoiler 3 is determined.
  • the photovoltaic module front support column 9 is provided as a plate-like structure
  • the photovoltaic module rear support column 7 is provided as a single columnar support fixed to the guide rail.
  • the wind load type of the photovoltaic device changes, according to the following Wind load calculation formula shown: where ⁇ ⁇ is the standard value of wind load, unit kN/m 2 ; ⁇ is the wind vibration coefficient at z height; A is the wind load shape coefficient; /1 ⁇ 2 is the wind pressure height variation coefficient ; for the basic wind pressure value, the unit is kN/m 2 .
  • the wind load shape coefficient/ ⁇ increases accordingly, and the wind suction force is correspondingly reduced, thereby correspondingly increasing the ability of the photovoltaic device to carry wind load in the present embodiment.
  • the photovoltaic module front support column 9 and the photovoltaic module rear support column 7 are respectively mounted on the guide rail by bolts.
  • the photovoltaic module rear support column 7 is bolted to the rail.
  • the photovoltaic module front support column 9 is fixed to the guide rail by mounting bolts 11 and mounting nuts 12.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the guide rail is shown in Figure 11, which is made of aluminum alloy and treated with anti-corrosion treatment.
  • the guide rail has a slot-shaped hole 1-1 for sliding the bolt, which is convenient for adjusting the installation position of the front support column 9 of the photovoltaic module and the rear support column 7 of the photovoltaic module on the guide rail, so as to avoid the installation difficulty caused by the machining error. At the same time, the tilt angle of the PV module can be adjusted.
  • the front support column 9 of the photovoltaic module is made of a special shape aluminum alloy profile, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is as shown in FIG. 6, that is, the support column 9 in front of the photovoltaic module.
  • the side of the supporting column 7 facing the photovoltaic module is provided with an open groove.
  • the shape and size of the opening groove are respectively matched with the shape and size of the end of the photovoltaic module 8 in contact with the photovoltaic module 8, so that the 8-terminal end of the photovoltaic module is just stuck in the photovoltaic
  • the front of the assembly supports the column 9 in the open slot. Similarly, as shown in FIG.
  • the side of the photovoltaic module rear support column 7 facing the front support pillar 9 of the photovoltaic module is also provided with an open slot, and the shape and size of the open slot are respectively corresponding to the end shape of the photovoltaic module 8 in contact therewith.
  • the sizes are matched such that the other end of the photovoltaic module 8 fits snugly into the open slot of the rear pillar 7 of the photovoltaic module.
  • a bead 6 is respectively arranged on the front pillar 7 of the photovoltaic module and the rear support pillar 7 of the photovoltaic module, and the bead 6 is respectively located in the photovoltaic module Above the two ends, the photovoltaic module 8 is pressed.
  • the bead 6 is connected to the front support column 9 of the photovoltaic module and the rear support column 7 of the photovoltaic module.
  • the junctions are all inclined surfaces, and the inclined surface of the bead 6 has a protruding block at the end contacting the photovoltaic module 8 to accommodate the inclined arrangement of the photovoltaic module 8, and the two ends of the photovoltaic module 8 are respectively pressed.
  • the photovoltaic module front support column 9 and the photovoltaic module rear support column 7 are respectively provided with threaded holes, and the pressure strip 6 is respectively provided with a bead groove-shaped hole 6 on the surface of the photovoltaic module front support column 9 and the photovoltaic module rear support column 7 - 1. As shown in Fig.
  • the beading hole 6-1 is arranged such that the bead 6 can be adjusted at the position of the photovoltaic module front support column 9 and the photovoltaic module rear support column 7, for example, using a bead to compress the bolt 10
  • the left and right positions of the bead 6 can be adjusted by adjusting the bolt 10 through the bead slot hole 6-1 into the threaded hole of the photovoltaic module front support column 9 or the photovoltaic module rear support column 7.
  • the lower end of the deflector 5 is fixed to the guide rail by bolts, and the upper end is fixed to the rear support post 7 of the photovoltaic module by bolts.
  • the spoiler 3 can be designed with reference to the rear wing of the sports car to reduce the lift when the wind speed is large.
  • the pressure is related to the flow velocity, and the pressure at a large flow velocity is small.
  • the spoiler 3 is designed as shown in FIG. 12, and the surface of the surface guide plate 5 is recorded as the upper surface 3-1, the upper surface 3-1 is the plane, and the spoiler 3 is back-flowing.
  • the surface of 5 is referred to as the lower surface 3-2, and the lower surface 3-2 and the windward surface 3-3 are curved surfaces.
  • the bottom of the windward surface 3-3 is provided with a mounting groove (not shown), and the lower end of the spoiler 3 is mounted on the rear spoiler support post 2 through the mounting groove; the spoiler 3 The upper end is connected to the baffle 5 through the spoiler front support column 4, and the spoiler front support column 4 is higher than the spoiler rear support column 2.
  • the installation slot is arranged to facilitate the placement of the spoiler 3 on the rear spoiler support post 2, the mounting slot has a threaded hole therein, and the flow plate 3 is fixed to the disturbance by the spoiler mounting bolt 13. The flow plate is supported on the column 2 behind.
  • the structure and installation of the spoiler 3 are such that the gas velocity of the lower surface 3-2 is increased and the pressure is lowered, so that the windshield 3 generates a wind pressure, and the wind speed is larger, and the wind pressure is smaller.
  • the spoiler rear support column 2 is I-beam; 1: the early joint, the underside is an open-hole steel plate, which is connected to the guide rail by bolts and nuts, and can be slid left and right to adjust the position, which facilitates assembly of the entire bracket. .
  • the support structure supporting a group of photovoltaic modules 8 is recorded as a set of support units, and according to actual project requirements, multiple sets of support units are generally required to support the plurality of sets of photovoltaic modules 8 to form an array type photovoltaic device.
  • the bracket unit has multiple groups along the length of the guide rail, the length of the guide rail is multiplied as the number of the bracket unit is increased, and other components of the bracket unit are respectively set, and at this time, the same group is provided.
  • the bracket units are sequentially disposed on the guide rails, and the photovoltaic modules 8 are mounted on each of the bracket units to form an array type photovoltaic device.
  • the bracket unit When the bracket unit has a plurality of groups perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail, the number of rails arranged side by side is increased, and the adjacent rails constitute a base of the bracket unit, and other supporting components are installed above the plurality of groups to form a plurality of groups.
  • the bracket unit after mounting the photovoltaic module 8, forms an array of photovoltaic devices.
  • the photovoltaic module rear support columns 7 located in the middle of the array can simultaneously support two sets of adjacent photovoltaic modules 8, and at this time, the photovoltaic modules are supported by the open slots in the upper part of the column 7.
  • the width of the opening groove is increased, and the photovoltaic module 8 can be simultaneously supported on the left and right sides. In this way, material can be saved, and the photovoltaic module can be arranged in an array.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the body shape coefficient by designing the deflector to reduce the upward pulling force when the wind load acts; and by designing the spoiler to change the air flow speed to generate downward pressure, And the spoiler can increase the weight effect, reduce the pull-up force and the offset force under the wind load; and the supported photovoltaic module and the deflector by designing the base composed of the guide rail and the support member thereon
  • the spoiler is easy to install and stable, and can be easily formed into an array-like whole to make the photovoltaic device more secure.
  • the clamping structure consisting of the front and rear support columns and the beading, the automatic assembly of the photovoltaic module during the clamping process is made up. Longitudinal clearance to prevent the component from slipping out.
  • a photovoltaic device comprising: a base, a photovoltaic module, and a baffle, wherein the photovoltaic module is disposed on the base at a rear side of the photovoltaic module from the bottom to the top in a front-rear direction, the diversion The plate is disposed on the base in a downwardly upward direction from the rear to the front.
  • the photovoltaic device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the base is provided with a photovoltaic module front support column and a photovoltaic module rear support column, respectively supporting the lower end and the upper end of the photovoltaic module.
  • the base comprises at least two base plates arranged side by side, the base plate is provided with a guide rail; the photovoltaic module front support column and the photovoltaic component The rear support column and the spoiler front support column are respectively mounted on the guide rail.
  • the drafting plate is designed to reduce the body shape coefficient, and the upward pulling force when the wind load is applied; the downward pressure is generated by designing the spoiler to change the air flow speed, and The spoiler can increase the weight and reduce the pull-up force and the offset force under the wind load; the supported PV module, the deflector and the disturbance can be made by designing the base composed of the guide rail and the support column thereon.
  • the flow plate is easy to install and can be easily assembled into an array to make the photovoltaic device more secure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

一种光伏装置，包括：底座（1）、光伏组件（8）和导流板（5），其中，光伏组件在由前向后方向上由下向上倾斜设置在底座上，在所述光伏组件的后侧，导流板在由后向前方向上由下向上倾斜设置在所述底座上。导流板降低了体型系数，并减小了风载荷作用时的上拔力。

Description

光伏装置 技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及光伏装置。 背景技术
建筑节能和光伏发电是现代建筑业的重点发展方向。 因此， 光伏建筑一 体化是一项潜力大、 价值显著的新技术。 建筑屋顶的光伏发电装置主要包括 太阳能电池片和载体所构成的电池组件，将电池组件安装在朝阳的屋顶上面， 由太阳能电池组件将光能转换成电能， 并聚集电能输入电网。 聚集电能输入 电网的技术方案很多， 属于已有比较成熟的技术， 而光伏发电装置的一般结 构如图 1所示， 包括柱 31、 梁 32和天花板 33 , 在梁 32上安装析条 34和隔 栅 35 , 隔栅 35上安装屋面板 36 , 屋面板 36上铺防水层（或油毡） 37 , 防水 层 37上盖瓦片， 电池组件 38安装在瓦片上面。 上述已有光伏发电屋顶技术 存在的缺点为： 一是结构复杂， 安装麻烦。 并且在屋顶上作业， 劳动强度大， 很吃力； 二是消耗材料大， 材料加工工序多， 人工费用高； 三是不耐用， 容 易破损，使用寿命短； 四是屋顶与电池组件连接安装牢度差， 维修更换麻烦； 五是外形土笨， 不美观。 另一方面， 已有屋顶的各衔接处依靠砖块、 水泥、 油毡、 胶水等堵塞、 密封， 施工时麻烦， 防漏、 防浸性能差， 维修困难。
另夕卜，普通的安装电池组件的光伏装置，需要能够抵御五十年风载作用， 因此需要预制水泥基础， 这样就会破坏原有屋面； 水泥基础以及屋顶防水层 修护均会提高光伏系统的成本； 另外现有支架加工误差以及装配误差均会导 致支架难以安装。 并且， 普通的光伏装置配重很大， 对楼顶的支撑能力要求 也 4艮高。 发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种光伏装置， 包括： 底座、 光伏组件和导流板， 其中， 所述光伏组件在由前向后方向上由下向上倾斜设置在底座上在所述光 伏组件的后侧， 所述导流板在由后向前方向上由下向上倾斜设置在所述底座 上。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案， 下面将对实施例或现有技 术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面描述中的附图 仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例， 并非对本发明的限制。
图 1是现有技术中光伏装置的结构示意图；
图 2是本发明的实施例中光伏装置的立体图；
图 3是本发明的实施例中光伏装置的侧视图；
图 4是本发明的实施例中光伏装置的俯视图；
图 5是本发明的实施例中光伏装置的主视图；
图 6是图 3中视图 I的局部放大图；
图 7是图 3中视图 II的局部放大图；
图 8是图 5中视图 III的局部放大图；
图 9是图 4中视图 IV的局部放大图；
图 10是图 3中视图 V的局部放大图；
图 11是本发明的实施例中导轨的横截面示意图；
图 12是本发明的实施例中扰流板的横截面示意图；
图 13是本发明的实施例中压条的俯视图；
图 14是本发明的实施例提供的阵列式光伏装置的立体图。
其中， 1 : 底座； 1-1 : 导轨槽形孔； 2: 扰流板后支撑柱； 3: 扰流板； 3-1 : 上表面； 3-2: 下表面； 3-3: 迎风面； 4: 扰流板前支撑柱； 5: 导流板； 6: 压条； 6-1 : 压条槽形孔； 7: 光伏组件后支撑柱； 8: 光伏组件； 9: 光伏 组件前支撑柱； 10: 压条压紧螺栓； 11 : 安装螺栓； 12: 安装螺母； 13: 扰 流板安装螺栓； 31 : 柱； 32: 梁； 33: 天花板； 34: 析条； 35: 隔栅； 36: 屋面板； 37: 防水层； 38: 电池组件。 具体实施方式
本发明的实施例要解决的技术问题之一是如何提高光伏装置抵御风载的 能力， 并降低光伏装置的安装难度。 下面将结合附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下 所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
图 2示出了本发明的实施例的光伏装置的立体图， 图 3是其侧视图， 图
4是其俯视图， 图 5是其主视图。 如图所示的光伏装置包括在由前向后方向 上由下向上倾斜设置在底座 1上的光伏组件 8, 以及设置在光伏组件 8的后 侧的在由后向前方向上由下向上倾斜设置在底座 1上的导流板 5。 下文中所 出现的方位词 "上" 、 "下" 、 "前" 、 "后" 均以上述描述为基准。
本实施例中， 底座 1包括两根并排间隔设置的底座板， 所述每根底座板 上设置有导轨， 光伏组件 8安装在导轨上， 便于对光伏组件 8的倾斜角度进 行调节， 光伏组件 8的倾斜角度一般选择在 20~40°。 导流板 5的上端可选择 性的与光伏组件 8的上端相接或固定于光伏组件后支撑柱 7上， 与光伏组件 8相接时， 其连接方式可为铰链连接、 搭接或者抵接， 优选铰链连接。 导流 板 5的下端安装在导轨上， 导流板 5的倾斜角度一般选择在 30~60°。 在导流 板 5的后侧还设置有由后向前方向上由下向上倾斜设置的扰流板 3 ,扰流板 3 上端与导流板 5相接或靠近导流板 5的上端， 下端固定于底座 1上， 由此实 现扰流板 3的倾斜。
光伏组件 8的倾斜设置， 例如可通过在导轨上设置光伏组件前支撑柱 9 和光伏组件后支撑柱 7实现。 光伏组件前支撑柱 9的高度小于光伏组件后支 撑柱 7的高度， 由光伏组件前支撑柱 9和光伏组件后支撑柱 7分别支撑安装 光伏组件 8的下端和上端； 导流板 5下端固定于导轨上， 导流板 5上端固定 于光伏组件后支撑柱 7上端， 由此实现导流板 5的倾斜设置； 扰流板 3的倾 斜设置， 例如通过在导流板 5后侧的导轨上设置扰流板后支撑柱 2, 在导流 板 5上设置扰流板前支撑柱 4, 将扰流板 3的下端和上端分别安装在扰流板 后支撑柱 2和扰流板前支撑柱 4上， 使其倾斜设置于导流板 5的后侧。
本实施例中， 底座 1上设置的导轨可根据被支撑的光伏组件 8的大小和 重量的不同， 以适当增加导轨的数目； 并且， 导轨的长度根据光伏组件前支 撑柱 9、 光伏组件后支撑柱 7、 导流板 5和扰流板 3的总体结构长度来确定。
因光伏组件 8由光伏组件后支撑柱 7朝向光伏组件前支撑柱 9倾斜， 所 以光伏组件前支撑柱 9上所承受的作用力大于光伏组件后支撑柱 7上所承受 的作用力。 因此， 例如将光伏组件前支撑柱 9设置为板状结构， 光伏组件后 支撑柱 7设置为单个的固定在导轨上的柱状支撑物。
因光伏组件后支撑柱 7高度相对较高， 导流板 5的左右两侧上端分别固 定于光伏组件后支撑柱 7的上端， 通过设置导流板， 光伏装置的风荷载体型 发生变化， 根据如下所示的风载荷计算公式： 式中， ωΛ为风荷载标准值， 单位 kN/m2; ^为 z高度处的风振系数； A 为风荷载体型系数； /½为风压高度变化系数； 为基本风压值， 单位 kN/m2。 根据风荷载体型系数的计算公式， 风荷载体型系数 /^在此相应增加， 风吸力 相应降低， 从而相应增大了本实施例光伏装置承载风荷的能力。
本实施例中， 光伏组件前支撑柱 9和光伏组件后支撑柱 7分别通过螺栓 安装在导轨上。 参照图 3 , 光伏组件后支撑柱 7由螺栓固定在导轨上。 参照 图 6和图 8, 光伏组件前支撑柱 9由安装螺栓 11和安装螺母 12固定在导轨 上。 导轨的横截面形状如图 11所示， 其釆用铝合金材料并做防腐处理。 导轨 上开有导轨槽形孔 1-1 , 可供螺栓在内滑动， 便于调整光伏组件前支撑柱 9 和光伏组件后支撑柱 7在导轨上的安装位置， 以避免加工误差带来的安装困 难， 同时可以调整光伏组件的倾斜角度。
为了提高本实施例中支撑柱对光伏组件 8的支撑牢固程度， 光伏组件前 支撑柱 9釆用特殊形状的铝合金型材， 其横截面形状如图 6所示， 即在光伏 组件前支撑柱 9上朝向光伏组件后支撑柱 7的侧面设置有开口槽， 开口槽的 形状、 大小分别和与其相接触的光伏组件 8的端部形状、 大小相匹配， 使得 光伏组件 8—端恰好卡合在光伏组件前支撑柱 9的开口槽内。 同样的， 如图 7所示， 光伏组件后支撑柱 7上朝向光伏组件前支撑柱 9的侧面也开设有开 口槽， 开口槽的形状、 大小分别和与其相接触的光伏组件 8的端部形状、 大 小相匹配， 使得光伏组件 8的另一端恰好卡合在光伏组件后支撑柱 7的开口 槽内。 为了使得光伏组件 8更加牢靠地卡合在光伏组件前、 后支撑柱 9和 7 上， 在光伏组件前支撑柱 9和光伏组件后支撑柱 7上分别设置了压条 6, 压 条 6分别位于光伏组件 8两端的上方， 用于将光伏组件 8压紧。
本实施例中， 压条 6与光伏组件前支撑柱 9和光伏组件后支撑柱 7的连 接面均为倾斜面， 且压条 6的倾斜面与光伏组件 8接触的端部具有突出块， 以适应光伏组件 8的倾斜设置， 将光伏组件 8的两端分别压紧。 光伏组件前 支撑柱 9和光伏组件后支撑柱 7上均设置有螺紋孔， 压条 6与光伏组件前支 撑柱 9和光伏组件后支撑柱 7相接触的面上分别设置有压条槽形孔 6-1 , 如 图 13所示， 压条槽形孔 6-1的设置， 使得压条 6可以在光伏组件前支撑柱 9 和光伏组件后支撑柱 7上的位置进行调整，例如，使用压条压紧螺栓 10穿过 压条槽形孔 6-1进入光伏组件前支撑柱 9或光伏组件后支撑柱 7上相应位置 的螺紋孔内， 通过调节螺栓 10可以调节压条 6的左右位置。
本实施例中， 导流板 5下端通过螺栓固定在导轨上， 上端通过螺栓固定 于光伏组件后支撑柱 7上。
本实施例中， 扰流板 3可参照跑车尾翼设计， 以使得风速较大时减小升 力。 根据流体力学伯努力方程可知， 在流体的流动中， 压强跟流速有关， 流 速大的地方压强小。根据质量守恒原理，扰流板 3设计为如图 12所示， 其面 向导流板 5的表面记为上表面 3-1 ,上表面 3-1为平面，扰流板 3上背向导流 板 5的表面记为下表面 3-2, 下表面 3-2和迎风面 3-3为弧面。 扰流板 3安装 时， 迎风面 3-3的底部设置有安装槽（图中未示出） ， 扰流板 3的下端通过 安装槽安装在扰流板后支撑柱 2上； 扰流板 3的上端通过扰流板前支撑柱 4 与导流板 5连接，扰流板前支撑柱 4高于扰流板后支撑柱 2, 。如图 10所示， 安装槽的设置， 便于将扰流板 3放置到扰流板后支撑柱 2上， 安装槽内有螺 紋孔，并通过扰流板安装螺栓 13将流板 3固定到扰流板后支撑柱 2上。扰流 板 3的结构设置和安装方式， 使得下表面 3-2气体流速增大， 压强降低， 从 而扰流板 3产生一个风压， 风速越大， 风压越小。 例如， 扰流板后支撑柱 2 为工字钢； 1:早接件， 其下面均为开孔钢板， 通过螺栓和螺母连接到导轨上， 且 可以左右滑动来调节位置， 便于整个支架的组装。
将支撑一组光伏组件 8的支撑结构记为一组支架单元， 4艮据实际项目需 要,通常需要多组支架单元来支撑多组光伏组件 8来构成阵列式的光伏装置。 如图 14所示， 当支架单元沿导轨长度方向具有多组时，将导轨的长度随着支 架单元数量的增加成倍增加， 并相应设置支架单元的其它组件即可， 此时多 组相同的支架单元依次设置在导轨上， 在每组支架单元上安装光伏组件 8, 形成阵列式的光伏装置。 当支架单元沿垂直于导轨长度方向具有多组时， 将并排间隔设置的导轨 数量增加， 相邻的若干个导轨构成一组支架单元的底座， 在其上方安装其他 支撑组件， 构成多组并列的支架单元， 安装光伏组件 8之后， 形成阵列式的 光伏装置。 在阵列式的光伏装置中， 当光伏组件 8横向排列时， 位于阵列中 间的光伏组件后支撑柱 7可以同时支撑两组相邻的光伏组件 8, 此时光伏组 件后支撑柱 7上部的开口槽可以基于单一支架单元结构中的位置和尺寸相应 扩展。 如图 7和图 9所示， 开口槽宽度增大， 能够左右两侧同时支撑光伏组 件 8, 通过这种方式， 既可以节省材料， 又可以实现光伏组件阵列式紧密排 布。
由以上实施例可以看出， 本发明的实施例通过设计导流板以降低体型系 数， 减小风载荷作用时的上拔力； 通过设计扰流板以改变气流速度， 产生向 下的压力， 并且扰流板能够起到增加重量的效果， 减小风载荷作用下的上拔 力和偏移力； 通过设计导轨组成的底座以及其上的支撑件， 使得被支撑的光 伏组件、 导流板和扰流板安装方便稳固， 且能够方便组成阵列式的整体， 来 使光伏装置更加牢靠； 通过设计由前、 后支撑柱和压条组成的夹持结构， 使 得对光伏组件夹紧过程中自动弥补纵向间隙， 避免组件滑出。
( 1 )光伏装置， 包括： 底座、 光伏组件和导流板， 其中， 所述光伏组件 在由前向后方向上由下向上倾斜设置在底座上在所述光伏组件的后侧， 所述 导流板在由后向前方向上由下向上倾斜设置在所述底座上。
( 2 )才艮据（1 ) 的光伏装置， 其中， 所述导流板的上端与所述光伏组件 的上端相接。
( 3 )根据（ 1 )或（ 2 )所述的光伏装置， 还包括扰流板， 所述扰流板在 由后向前方向上由下向上倾斜设置于导流板后侧。
( 4 )根据（3 )的光伏装置， 其中， 所述扰流板下端固定于所述底座上。
( 5 )根据（ 1 )至（ 4 )中任一项的光伏装置， 其中， 所述底座上设置有 光伏组件前支撑柱和光伏组件后支撑柱， 分别支撑所述光伏组件的下端和上 端。
( 6 )如权利要求（5 ) 的光伏装置， 其中， 所述导流板上端固定于所述 光伏组件后支撑柱上。 ( 7 )如权利要求（6 )所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述底座上设置有扰流 板前支撑柱， 所述扰流板前支撑柱支撑所述扰流板的下端； 所述导流板上设 置有扰流板后支撑柱， 所述扰流板后支撑柱支撑所述扰流板的上端。
( 8 )如权利要求（7 )所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述底座包括至少两根 并排间隔设置的底座板，所述底座板上设置有导轨； 所述光伏组件前支撑柱、 光伏组件后支撑柱和扰流板前支撑柱分别安装在所述导轨上。
( 9 )如权利要求（5 )所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述光伏组件前支撑柱 和光伏组件后支撑柱上分别设置有开口槽， 光伏组件的端部插入开口槽内。
在根据本申请的实施例的光伏装置中，通过设计导流板以降低体型系数， 减小风载荷作用时的上拔力； 通过设计扰流板以改变气流速度， 产生向下的 压力， 并且扰流板能够起到增加重量的效果， 减小风载荷作用下上拔力和偏 移力；通过设计导轨组成的底座以及其上的支撑柱，使得被支撑的光伏组件、 导流板和扰流板安装方便稳固， 且能够方便组成阵列式的整体， 来使光伏装 置更加牢靠。
虽然上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方式， 对本发明作了详尽的描 述， 但在本发明基础上， 可以对之作一些修改或改进， 这对本领域技术人员 而言是显而易见的。 因此， 在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或 改进， 均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 光伏装置， 包括： 底座、 光伏组件和导流板， 其中， 所述光伏组件在 由前向后方向上由下向上倾斜设置在底座上在所述光伏组件的后侧， 所述导 流板在由后向前方向上由下向上倾斜设置在所述底座上。
2、如权利要求 1所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述导流板的上端与所述光伏 组件的上端相接。
3、如权利要求 1或 2所述的光伏装置，还包括扰流板， 所述扰流板在由 后向前方向上由下向上倾斜设置于导流板后侧。
4、如权利要求 3所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述扰流板下端固定于所述底 座上。
5、如权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述底座上设置 有光伏组件前支撑柱和光伏组件后支撑柱， 分别支撑所述光伏组件的下端和 上端。
6、如权利要求 5所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述导流板上端固定于所述光 伏组件后支撑柱上。
7、如权利要求 6所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述底座上设置有扰流板前支 撑柱， 所述扰流板前支撑柱支撑所述扰流板的下端； 所述导流板上设置有扰 流板后支撑柱， 所述扰流板后支撑柱支撑所述扰流板的上端。
8、如权利要求 7所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述底座包括至少两根并排间 隔设置的底座板， 所述底座板上设置有导轨； 所述光伏组件前支撑柱、 光伏 组件后支撑柱和扰流板前支撑柱分别安装在所述导轨上。
9、如权利要求 5所述的光伏装置， 其中， 所述光伏组件前支撑柱和光伏 组件后支撑柱上分别设置有开口槽， 光伏组件的端部插入开口槽内。
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