WO2013138881A1 - Systèmes d'irrigation destinés à la culture du coton et du blé - Google Patents

Systèmes d'irrigation destinés à la culture du coton et du blé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013138881A1
WO2013138881A1 PCT/BR2012/000080 BR2012000080W WO2013138881A1 WO 2013138881 A1 WO2013138881 A1 WO 2013138881A1 BR 2012000080 W BR2012000080 W BR 2012000080W WO 2013138881 A1 WO2013138881 A1 WO 2013138881A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
irrigation
water
cotton
crop
wheat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BR2012/000080
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Paulo Roberto SIBIN
Original Assignee
Sibin Paulo Roberto
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sibin Paulo Roberto filed Critical Sibin Paulo Roberto
Priority to PCT/BR2012/000080 priority Critical patent/WO2013138881A1/fr
Publication of WO2013138881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013138881A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/09—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

Definitions

  • This patent application refers to an "IRRIGATION SYSTEMS APPLIED ON COTTON AND WHEAT CROP", which has been developed for the purpose of providing various irrigation through a technique that increases productivity and ensures quality, especially in periods without rain, when traditionally irrigated cultivation tends to decrease productivity, with the drip irrigation system this problem is eliminated and there is also no risk of crop loss.
  • Irrigated agriculture occupied around 18% (275 million hectares) of the total cultivated area on the planet (1.5 billion hectares), consuming about 70% of the total quality water used, which is higher than the amount consumed by the sector. (21%) and domestic consumption (9%) (SANTOS, 1998).
  • the irrigated area is approximately 16 million hectares, distributed mainly in Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru.
  • the world's irrigated area contributes 42% of total production.
  • the irrigated area corresponds to 18% of the cultivated area, but contributes to 42% of the total production (CHRISTOFIDIS, 2002).
  • Irrigated agriculture in order to remain environmentally sustainable, needs to be efficient in using water for irrigation, as well as in the use of agrochemicals that are applied to plants or soil can cause contamination of groundwater resources.
  • Efficient use of irrigation water can be achieved by acting on: a) the existing irrigation structure, in terms of crop types, irrigation systems and water use management; b) irrigation management methods and c) techniques that allow increased efficiency of water use.
  • Cotton which is considered the most important natural or artificial textile fiber, is also the most complete harnessing plant and offers the most varied utility products.
  • Cotton is very susceptible to weed competition.
  • the soil when superficially scarified, provides more air to the roots of the crop.
  • Cotton in its structure, has a higher amount of nitrogen and potassium than phosphorus; However, it is experimentally known that the need for the provision of this element in the soil is generally much greater than the others.
  • Corn also called abati, auati and avati, is a known food or feed because of its nutritional qualities. All scientific evidence suggests that it is a plant of American origin, as it was grown there since the pre-Columbian period. It's one of the most nutritious foods out there, containing almost all known amino acids, with exceptions being lysine and tryptophan.
  • irrigation Of the technologies used for food production the most known and important is irrigation.
  • the objective of irrigation is to supply water to the plants in the necessary quantity and at the appropriate time, to obtain adequate production levels and better product quality.
  • An adequate irrigation system should be able to provide the producer with the possibility of making use of the water resource with maximum efficiency, increasing crop productivity, reducing production costs and thus maximizing the return on investments.
  • Irrigation in agriculture is an important factor in crop yield. By controlling irrigation, more optimized growing conditions can be created and maintained, thereby increasing crop yield on a given amount of land. Irrigation is achieved at a price, requiring irrigation equipment and water to supply irrigation equipment. In some parts of the world available water is scarce, so it is advantageous to use available water resources in the most conservative and cost-effective way possible.
  • Irrigation of soils that do not directly support plant growth is a waste of water.
  • Other forms of loss include evaporation, which varies depending on climate, temperature and relative humidity. In arid regions, these losses are substantial, leading to increased irrigation costs.
  • Drip irrigation is a relatively new technology that can save water, energy and increase profits. So drip irrigation can help solve three of the most important problems in irrigated cotton and corn crops - water scarcity, increased pumping (energy) costs and falling farm profits.
  • Drip irrigation is defined as a frequent, slow and accurate application of water through line or point emitters over the below surface of the at a small operating pressure (20 - 200 kPa) and at a low discharge rate (0.6 to 20 LPH), resulting in partial wetting of the soil surface.
  • surface drip irrigation The application of water to the soil surface as drops or small flow through emitters placed at a predetermined distance along the side of the drip is called surface drip irrigation (Fig. 14). It can be of two types - online or integral surface drip system. The full drip line is recommended for sugar cane.
  • Underground Drip (SDI): The application of water below the surface through emitters mounted on the inner wall of the (1.0 - 3.0 LPH) discharge ratio drip line generally has the same range as full surface drip irrigation. This method of water application is different and should not be confused with the method where the root area is irrigated by water table control, referred to herein as sub-irrigation.
  • the integral drip line (thin or thick wall) is installed at a predetermined depth in the soil depending on soil type and crop needs. There are two main types of SDI - "mono cultivation” and "multicultural".
  • Effective drip technology requires more intensive application of crop, soil, climate, engineering, and economic factors than flood irrigation typically does. New management perspectives and skills are required for planting configuration, land preparation, drip design features, irrigation schedule, fertigation, system operation & maintenance
  • the filtration system is the assembly of independently controlled physical components used to remove suspended solids from irrigation water. Irrigation water filtration is vital for drip irrigation schemes to prevent blocking of emitters as the internal passages of the emitters are very small.
  • Filtration system design recommendations should include location, size, specification of available suspended material sizes, filter types, and maintenance requirements.
  • a primary filter should be placed after the pump and fertigation unit to remove fine and large particles from the stream.
  • Secondary filters can be used from the primary filter to remove any particles that may pass through the primary filter during normal or cleaning operations. When secondary filters are used, the size of the openings is usually larger than the primary filter to minimize the attention required.
  • the filter flow openings should be small enough to prevent unwanted particles from entering the system.
  • the size of the filter should be based on the diameter of the emitter opening or the type and size of contaminants to be filtered.
  • the filter capacity must be large enough to allow a nominal flow without frequent cleaning. Filters that are manually cleaned should require more than daily maintenance. Sizes should be the most economical with the lowest friction losses ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 bars.
  • Types Filtering should be done using different types of filters; screen (for inorganic impurities and water of moderate quality or following primary filtration with sand and disc filters) disc (for removal of impurities of organic and inorganic origin, algae included), hydrocyclones (for separation of sand or silt from water well or river filters) and sand or medium filters (for open wells, open reservoirs, streams, etc.).
  • screen for inorganic impurities and water of moderate quality or following primary filtration with sand and disc filters
  • disc for removal of impurities of organic and inorganic origin, algae included
  • hydrocyclones for separation of sand or silt from water well or river filters
  • sand or medium filters for open wells, open reservoirs, streams, etc.
  • drip irrigation systems In most drip irrigation systems it is driven from the easel assembly to a secondary line to which the drip lines are connected. Although there are several types of dripperlines that are used, they are all designed to distribute water evenly over the entire design area of a given field block. A variation in the discharge rate of the dripperline emitters that is acceptable is on the order of 8 - 10%.
  • Dripper lines vary in sender design, quality, discharge uniformity, and cost. From the outside, most lines of integral drippers look alike. Even so, there are differences between products, particularly emitters. Consistency and superior performance of an integral dripper line depend on the quality of its emitter. Several years of experience have shown that the following Factors should be considered when selecting the row of drippers that should be on the surface or buried over a complete crop life cycle.
  • Dripper lines come in a wide range of wall thickness. Construction and thickness of the dripperline should be sufficient to reduce the risk of the pipe being bent or caught by traffic in the field such as mechanical loaders, farm machinery, etc.
  • Nominal diameters are 16 mm and 22 mm. A larger diameter will allow water to be supplied to a larger length of dripperline before pressure drops below design requirements. This results in cost savings of secondary lines.
  • the mobile or self-propelled sprinkler irrigation system is powered by hydraulic energy, consisting of a hydraulic cannon (cannon sprinkler), mounted under a platform, which moves on the ground simultaneously irrigating. It requires a propulsion engine, a cannon-type sprinkler, a high-pressure hose (up to 500m), a wire rope or a coiled spool (depending on the type of movement) and a platform for installation. Normally the turning angle of the sprinkler is 330 ° to keep the moving range of the car or sprinkler dry, as will be presented later.
  • the equipment moves by retracting a wire rope.
  • the water that is pumped for irrigation turns a turbine, which drives a gear system, promoting the displacement of the platform (trolley with sprinkler) and its withdrawal by the anchored steel cable.
  • It is mainly used for irrigation of pastures, corn and soybeans.
  • Experiences regarding the use of this equipment worldwide indicate that its feasibility is for irrigation of regions with less severe water deficit, where irrigation is important but not necessary for a long period of the year.
  • the main advantage of the system is that it allows irrigate multiple areas with just one piece of equipment. Generally, you need machinery to wrap the hose after on-site irrigation.
  • Self-Propelled Reel Winder System is a mechanized system that irrigates areas of different shapes and slopes, with low labor requirements.
  • the equipment consists of a suction pipe, a pump set, a main line, a winding spool and an irrigation carriage, containing a cannon-type sprinkler or a sprinkler bar.
  • the winding spool is formed by the drive assembly and reel with polyethylene hose, mounted on two to six-wheel chassis and coupling to tractor drawbar.
  • the drive assembly consists of a hydraulic turbine and a speed reduction box, which winds the hose to the spool with the irrigation carriage at the other end of the hose, with track irrigation occurring as the hose is coiled.
  • the sprinkler mounted on two wheels in the irrigation car, travels at a predetermined constant speed on various models via a computerized electronic panel, irrigating up to 115 m wide for up to 650 m at a time. of lenght. After irrigating a particular strip, the set is easily moved to irrigate adjacent strips.
  • the self-propelled winding reel advantageously replaces the old self-propelled systems, where the entire drive assembly moved along with the sprinkler along the irrigated track by dragging a flexible hose.
  • Advantages include improved irrigation carriage speed control and smaller cannon droplet size today.
  • the irrigation bar can replace the cannon-type sprinkler in smaller slopes with the advantage of better water distribution uniformity and smaller droplets.
  • the boom which can be longer than 50 m, is equipped with sprinkler sprinklers operating at working pressure between 1 and 3 kgf cm2, which reduces energy consumption. In this case, the bar is mounted on a four-wheeled carriage, which allows the height of the bar to be adjusted and uses the same reel-reel system.
  • Central pivot sprinkler irrigation system is characterized by circular movement, self-propelled to hydraulic or electric power.
  • the equipment consists of a lateral line of 200 to 800 m of extension suspended by a structure formed by towers with wheels, triangles and trusses, besides the pumping station and emitters (sprinklers).
  • the distance between towers ranges from 24 to 76 m, the most common being 30, 38, 52 and 54 m.
  • Each tower has its own propulsion system, but there is a central one to control the speed and alignment of the pivot, with reference to the last tower.
  • the propulsion system of each tower is electric, with 0.5 to 1.5 hp motors, which allow better control of the speed of the towers.
  • the linear irrigation system also known as the movable lateral or even, as some incorrectly call it, the linear pivot, can be defined as an automated sprinkler irrigation system, introduced in 1977 from the concept of movement used in the center pivot and taking advantage of parts of its structures and components, but with the innovation of a walking system, which allows mobility of all equipment in a transverse direction on the crop to be irrigated.
  • This technology is responsible for irrigating approximately 600,000 hectares of grain crops, fodder, vegetables, sugar cane, coffee and fruit worldwide.
  • the control car is the main component that differentiates the linear ones from the other sprinkler automated irrigation systems. Can be located in the center of the equipment and at the same time irradiate piping areas to simultaneously irrigate both sides, or be located on the side of the irrigated area if only one side irrigates. In both situations the displacement occurs along the area along with the whole system.
  • the cart consists of a control tower, formed by transverse beams where wheels with gearbox-linked reducers are coupled to small gearmotors that transmit sufficient torque to rotate them across the ground and propel the structure.
  • the control panel In it is located the control panel, where the main operating parameters are controlled.
  • They may contain, in the case of channel feed, floating suction, motor, pump and generator, these three when coupled in a single set is called a 3x1 set.
  • hose feeding the operation is done by a water supply cap in place of the floating suction and motor coupled to a generator called a generator set.
  • connection pipe between the water inlet and its outlet to supply the pipes of the overhead system and subsequent sprinkling in the crop.
  • linear systems can be divided into linear system, universal linear system and two wheel linear system.
  • linear system In the so-called linear system four-wheel cart is used and the feed is done by channel. This is the case of the equipment mentioned at the beginning and reach the largest irrigated areas.
  • the universal linear system is built through a structure based on the center tower of a pivot. Assuming that components of the structure of this central tower are also used in this system, the difference is that in the universal, the whole tower is placed on two beams with four tires and transmission units.
  • the two-wheel linears are hose-fed.
  • the technological solution allows the common beam base beam itself to be transformed to receive a generator set, alignment system, panel, hose coupling, cap and piping, which will feed all the remaining water. of the system.
  • a second water intake can be coupled at the end of the last flight of the system and with the help of a tractor, can be towed to an adjunct lane and restart operation.
  • a second water intake can be coupled at the end of the last flight of the system and with the help of a tractor, can be towed to an adjunct lane and restart operation.
  • sprinkler irrigation the application of water to the soil results from the fragmentation of a water jet released under pressure into the atmospheric air through simple sprinkler nozzles or nozzles.
  • irrigation systems have advantages and limitations that should be analyzed when selecting the system to be used.
  • Irrigation is a millennial technique that blends with the development and economic prosperity of the people, as many ancient civilizations developed in arid regions where production was only possible thanks to irrigation. History shows that irrigation has always been a factor of wealth, citizenship and hence safety. With the advancement of irrigation technologies and the increasing demand for water for human activities, the search for more efficient methods that consume less resources and provide better results in productivity and quality has increased.
  • the present invention is directed to "SYSTEMS OF
  • IRRIGATIONS APPLIED ON COTTON AND WHEAT which consists of an irrigation where water is applied punctually through droplets directly to the soil. These droplets, upon infiltration, form a moistening pattern called a" wet bulb. " not meeting the continuity of irrigation and forming a wet strip, and another objective to provide cannon irrigation, the range of which can reach various positions up to 100, 200, 300 or more meters.
  • an irrigation system comprising an irrigation hose made of synthetic resin, which may have one or two hoses forming elongate irrigation lines, each line comprising a separate waterway adapted for individual communication or with a water supply, and a succession of spaced irrigation holes, each hole associated with an irrigation emitter.
  • the emitters used in the irrigation hose of the present invention may be of any suitable design, for example they may be drip irrigation emitters or mini sprinklers. Drip emitters are mounted within the irrigation lines so that their irrigation points are concentric to the holes. When the line is formed by two hoses, the holes of each hose can have different diameters. The arrangement of the emitter irrigation outlet holes can be obtained in different ways.
  • An example in accordance with the present invention is forming irrigation lines with holes in the two aligned hoses, so that when one side is irrigating the other side of the plant does not receive water allowing the soil to dry out, and can also be mounted on pivot aerial spreaders. central or linear.
  • hoses (1) forming irrigation lines (2) that form water passages (3) and (4) can have any diameter, which can act in isolation or communicating, which are connected to a water supply whose valve is capable of providing water supply at predetermined time intervals, each of the irrigation lines (2) having equidistantly arranged outlet holes (5) which receive mounting of internal irrigation emitters.
  • Figure 1 shows the plantation with a central irrigation line.
  • Figure 2 shows the plantation with two central irrigation lines.
  • Figure 3 shows a view of the irrigation hose.
  • Figure 4 shows aerial irrigation
  • Figure 5 shows cannon irrigation
  • drip irrigation comprises the application of small amounts of water directly into the root zone of the plant through a point source or drip line above or below ground with operating pressures
  • dripper may also be aerial, supported by support or tied to the plant itself, or an irrigation through an air pivot that can be central (round) or linear (horizontal) with spacing can be 0.30 x 0.30, 0.40 x 0.40, 0.50 x 0.50 to 8m x 8m and up to 1.5 meters from the surface (depth) or through cannons.
  • the system allows higher yields, as it irrigates a part of the soil where the roots of the plant are located very precisely, constantly and without expelling all air from this soil.
  • roots always have readily available water, nutrients (fertigation) and oxygen as they breathe to carry out their metabolic and growth processes.
  • fertigation nutrients
  • oxygen oxygen
  • drip crops have higher root activity (root), deep roots, and therefore greater productivity and ability to be manipulated more easily, as these root in the wetland are the perfect target for hormone treatments, systemic pesticide application or induction. water stress (water deficit).
  • the main characteristic of drip irrigation reflects the efficiency gains of the previous characteristics, since a localized application of water, stimulating a dense and active root structure and a high uniformity of irrigation implies a great gain of efficiency in chemigation, which is the application of chemicals in irrigation systems.
  • the drip irrigation system (surface or underground) in maize and soybean cultivation is technically easy, economically viable and benefits in several ways:

Abstract

L'invention, intitulée "Systèmes d'irrigation destinés à la culture du coton et du blé", consiste en un système d'irrigation pour la culture du coton et du blé, comprenant un tuyau d'irrigation constitué de résine synthétique ou d'autres matériaux pour la conduction de l'eau, un, deux ou plusieurs tuyaux pouvant former des lignes d'irrigation allongées, chaque ligne comportant un passage d'eau séparé destiné à une communication individuelle ou collective avec une source de remplissage en eau, et une succession de trous espacés d'irrigation, chaque trou étant associé à un émetteur d'irrigation, outre un système auto-propulsé de type bobine d'enroulement qui est un système mécanisé irriguant des zones de différentes formes et déclivités, ledit équipement étant constitué par une tubulure d'aspiration, un ensemble motopompe, une ligne principale, une bobine d'enroulement et un chariot d'irrigation, comportant un asperseur du type canon ou une barre d'irrigation.
PCT/BR2012/000080 2012-03-23 2012-03-23 Systèmes d'irrigation destinés à la culture du coton et du blé WO2013138881A1 (fr)

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PCT/BR2012/000080 WO2013138881A1 (fr) 2012-03-23 2012-03-23 Systèmes d'irrigation destinés à la culture du coton et du blé

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PCT/BR2012/000080 WO2013138881A1 (fr) 2012-03-23 2012-03-23 Systèmes d'irrigation destinés à la culture du coton et du blé

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104350930A (zh) * 2014-11-26 2015-02-18 新疆农垦科学院 一种滴灌春小麦节水高产的水肥管理方法
CN104472201A (zh) * 2014-12-30 2015-04-01 石河子大学 一种滴灌春小麦超高产群体结构构建方法
CN104904562A (zh) * 2015-05-28 2015-09-16 山东农业大学 根据冬小麦根系分布进行灌溉的方法
CN104938200A (zh) * 2015-07-09 2015-09-30 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 新疆南疆棉区播前未冬灌或未春灌连作滴灌棉田节水保苗方法
CN105191636A (zh) * 2015-10-12 2015-12-30 石河子大学 一种北疆滴灌春小麦种植方法
CN110741908A (zh) * 2019-10-09 2020-02-04 中科星图(深圳)数字技术产业研发中心有限公司 基于数字地球平台的灌区数据采集方法
CN115486349A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-12-20 北京国垦节水科技有限公司 一种用于小麦种植的宽窄行大流量滴灌种植技术

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104350930A (zh) * 2014-11-26 2015-02-18 新疆农垦科学院 一种滴灌春小麦节水高产的水肥管理方法
CN104472201A (zh) * 2014-12-30 2015-04-01 石河子大学 一种滴灌春小麦超高产群体结构构建方法
CN104904562A (zh) * 2015-05-28 2015-09-16 山东农业大学 根据冬小麦根系分布进行灌溉的方法
CN104904562B (zh) * 2015-05-28 2017-03-08 山东农业大学 根据冬小麦根系分布进行灌溉的方法
CN104938200A (zh) * 2015-07-09 2015-09-30 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 新疆南疆棉区播前未冬灌或未春灌连作滴灌棉田节水保苗方法
CN104938200B (zh) * 2015-07-09 2017-03-01 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 新疆南疆棉区播前未冬灌或未春灌连作滴灌棉田节水保苗方法
CN105191636A (zh) * 2015-10-12 2015-12-30 石河子大学 一种北疆滴灌春小麦种植方法
CN110741908A (zh) * 2019-10-09 2020-02-04 中科星图(深圳)数字技术产业研发中心有限公司 基于数字地球平台的灌区数据采集方法
CN115486349A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-12-20 北京国垦节水科技有限公司 一种用于小麦种植的宽窄行大流量滴灌种植技术

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