WO2013138808A1 - Gas turbine engine control system with gas monitor - Google Patents
Gas turbine engine control system with gas monitor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013138808A1 WO2013138808A1 PCT/US2013/032828 US2013032828W WO2013138808A1 WO 2013138808 A1 WO2013138808 A1 WO 2013138808A1 US 2013032828 W US2013032828 W US 2013032828W WO 2013138808 A1 WO2013138808 A1 WO 2013138808A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- turbine engine
- gas turbine
- fuel
- concentration
- gaseous fuel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/40—Control of fuel supply specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/75—Application in combination with equipment using fuel having a low calorific value, e.g. low BTU fuel, waste end, syngas, biomass fuel or flare gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
- F05D2270/083—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases by monitoring combustion conditions
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to a gas turbine engine control system with a gas monitor, and more particularly to using one or more gas monitors to control the operation of a gas turbine engine.
- fuel is combusted in a combustion chamber (called combustor) to produce high pressure combustion gases. These high pressure gases are then used to spin the rotors of a turbine to produce power.
- combustor combustion chamber
- Various types of fuel such as natural gas or a diesel fuel, may be combusted in a gas turbine engine to produce power.
- a fuel that is readily available at a location may be used as fuel in gas turbine engines installed at that location.
- the readily available fuel supply at a location may include constituents that detrimentally affect the engine.
- turbine components such as the turbine blades of a gas turbine engine that operate on natural gas may be subject to hot corrosion damage as a result of hydrogen sulfide that may be naturally present in natural gas.
- a gas turbine engine that operates on natural gas.
- the supply of natural gas to the gas turbine engine may be a blend from several sources. Even when the H 2 S level in the natural gas supply is within the operating limits, conditions may occur when there is an "upset" in the gas supply that causes the I3 ⁇ 4S to go higher than the allowable limit. When such an upset condition is detected, the gas turbine engine is switched to operate on a liquid fuel. Once the gas supply becomes stable again with the H 2 S returning to a level within the operating limits, the engine may be changed back to operating on the gas fuel.
- a gas turbine engine configured to operate using a liquid fuel and a gaseous fuel.
- the gas turbine engine may include a combustor system fluidly coupled to a compressor system and a turbine system.
- the gas turbine engine may also include a control system configured to selectively direct the gaseous fuel and the liquid fuel to the combustor system based on a concentration of a constituent in the gaseous fuel.
- a method of controlling a gas turbine engine configured to operate using a liquid fuel and a gaseous fuel.
- the method may include monitoring a concentration of a constituent in a gaseous fuel supply to the gas turbine engine.
- the method may also include selectively providing the gaseous fuel or the liquid fuel to the gas turbine engine based on the concentration of the constituent in the gaseous fuel supply.
- a gas turbine engine may include a combustor system configured to combust natural gas and a second fuel therein.
- the gas turbine engine may also include a control system configured to continuously monitor a concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the natural gas, and switch a fuel supply to the combustor system from natural gas to the second fuel when the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the natural gas is greater than a threshold value.
- FIG. 1 is a cutaway- view illustration of an exemplary disclosed gas turbine engine
- FIG. 2 is a schematic of an exemplary control system of the gas turbine engine of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart that illustrates an exemplary method of controlling the fuel supply to the gas turbine engine of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary gas turbine engine 100.
- Gas turbine engine 100 may have, among other systems, a compressor system 10, a combustor system 20, a turbine system 70, and an exhaust system 90.
- compressor system 10 compresses air to a high pressure and directs the compressed air to combustor system 20.
- a gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel is directed to the combustor system 20 through a gaseous fuel pipe 22 or a liquid fuel pipe 24, respectively.
- One of more of these fuels are mixed with the compressed air in fuel injectors 30 and combusted in a combustor 50 of the combustor system 20.
- gas turbine engine 100 is commonly called a dual fuel gas turbine engine, and fuel injectors 30 are commonly called dual fuel injectors.
- Combustion of the fuel in the combustor 50 produces combustion gases at a high pressure, temperature, and velocity. These combustion gases are directed to the turbine system 70.
- the high pressure combustion gases expand against turbine blades 72 to rotate turbine wheels or rotors 74 and generate power.
- the spent combustion gases are then exhausted to the atmosphere through exhaust section 90.
- gaseous fuel and liquid fuel may be directed into combustor 50 through fuel injectors 30.
- the gaseous fuel may include, for example, natural gas, landfill gas, bio-gas, syngas, etc.
- the liquid fuels directed to combustor system 20 may include diesel, kerosene, gasoline, or any other type of liquid fuel.
- the gas turbine engine 100 may be operated primarily using a fuel that is cheaply available at the location where the gas turbine engine 100 is operating. For example, in an oil field with an abundant supply of natural gas, the gas turbine engine 100 may operate primarily using natural gas. In such applications, liquid fuel may be reserved for engine operating conditions where a liquid fuel may be more desirable.
- a liquid fuel may be directed to gas turbine engine 100 during startup and when combustion instabilities are detected in the combustor 50. After the gas turbine engine 100 reaches a stable operating condition, the liquid fuel supply to the fuel injectors 30 may be turned off, and the gaseous fuel supply turned on. Operating the gas turbine engine 100 using a fuel that is widely available at a location reduces cost and increases operating efficiency.
- constituents in the combustion gases may chemically react with the material of the turbine blades 72.
- the high temperature of the combustion gases may stimulate the chemical reaction between the combustion gases and the turbine blades 72. Over time, these chemical reactions may damage the turbine blades 72.
- the harmful combustion gas constituents (that may chemically attack the turbine blades 72) may be present in the fuel and/or air supplied to the combustor 50.
- One such harmful constituent is hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S).
- Hydrogen sulfide a flammable gas produced by bacterial breakdown of organic material, may be naturally present in fuels such as natural gas.
- the hydrogen sulfide present in the fuel may chemically attack the turbine blades 72 through a process known as hot corrosion.
- hot corrosion the hydrogen sulfide and moisture in the combustion gas reacts to form sulfuric acid that corrodes the turbine blades 72.
- the turbine blades 72 may be coated with one or materials to reduce the effects of hot corrosion.
- the hydrogen sulfide (or another chemical constituent) in the combustion gases may react with, and detrimentally affect, the structural reliability of the turbine blades 72 and/or other components of gas turbine engine 100.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a control system 60 of gas turbine engine 100.
- Control system 60 may control the operation of the gas turbine engine 100. For instance, based on power requirements, control system 60 may control the amount of fuel directed to the gas turbine engine 100 through gaseous fuel pipe 22 or liquid fuel pipe 24 to produce the required power in a stable manner.
- Control system may include a microprocessor, storage memory, and/or other electronic components (not shown) that operate to control the operation of gas turbine engine 100.
- control system 60 may also control the type and quantity of fuel supplied to the gas turbine engine 100 based on operating parameters.
- Gaseous fuel pipe 22 and/or liquid fuel pipe 24 may be fluidly coupled to sensors and measurement devices configured to measure parameters related to the flow of fuel therethrough. These sensors may include, among others, a hydrogen sulfide monitor 62 that measures the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous fuel directed to gas turbine engine 100 through gaseous fuel pipe 22.
- liquid fuel pipe 24 may also be fluidly coupled to a concentration monitor 64 (such as, for example, a hydrogen sulfide monitor) that is adapted to measure a concentration of a constituent of the liquid fuel directed to gas turbine engine 100.
- Hydrogen sulfide monitor 62 may include any type of monitor that is configured to continuously measure a concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous fuel directed to the gas turbine engine 100.
- hydrogen sulfide monitor 62 may include a thin film metal oxide semiconductor (TFMOS) sensor that outputs a signal indicative of the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous fuel stream.
- TMOS thin film metal oxide semiconductor
- the hydrogen sulfide monitor 62 is described as measuring the concentration of hydrogen sulfide continuously, it is contemplated that a sensor that measures a parameter indicative of the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous fuel stream at discrete time intervals (such as, for example, an electronic sensor that takes discrete measurements at a frequency of greater than or equal to about one measurement per minute) may be used as hydrogen sulfide monitor 62.
- Control system 60 is electrically coupled to hydrogen sulfide monitor 62 to detect the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous fuel directed to gas turbine engine 100.
- hydrogen sulfide monitor 62 to detect the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous fuel directed to gas turbine engine 100.
- control system 60 may also be electrically coupled with the concentration monitor 64 and the other sensors.
- the gaseous fuel pipe 22 and liquid fuel pipe 24 may also include control valves 26, 28 and other flow control devices (not shown) that may be manipulated by control system 60 to control the amount of fuel flowing through these conduits.
- control system 60 may send signals to control valve 26 and/or control valve 28 to vary (increase, decrease, stop, or start) the fuel flow through the gaseous fuel pipe 22 and/or the liquid fuel pipe 24.
- the control system 60 may send signals to control valve 26 to stop (or decrease) the flow of gaseous fuel through gaseous fuel pipe 22 and start (or increase) the flow of liquid fuel flowing to the gas turbine engine 100 through liquid fuel pipe 24.
- the control system 60 may continuously monitor the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous fuel flow, and switch the fuel supply (to gas turbine engine 100) back to gaseous fuel when the concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreases below the threshold value.
- the fuel supply to the gas turbine engine 100 may be switched (from liquid to gaseous fuel, and from gaseous to liquid fuel) only if the concentration of hydrogen sulfide is above or below the threshold value for a predetermined time.
- control system 60 may vary the amount and type of fuel directed to the gas turbine engine 100 based on a measured concentration of any constituent in the fuel (liquid or gaseous) directed to gas turbine engine 100. The operation of control system 60 of the gas turbine engine 100 will be described in the next section.
- the disclosed gas turbine engine control system may be applicable to any gas turbine engine configured to operate using two or more types of fuel.
- the disclosed control system may be applicable to a gas turbine engine regardless of the type of fuels used, and may reduce corrosion or other negative effects on components that occur as a result of a constituent of the fuel supplied to the gas turbine engine.
- the operation of gas turbine engine 100 will now be explained.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary operation of the gas turbine engine 100 using natural gas and a liquid fuel as fuel.
- the gas turbine engine 100 is started using the liquid fuel (step 110).
- control system 60 may activate control valves 26, 28 to switch the fuel supply to the gas turbine engine 100 from the liquid fuel to natural gas fuel (step 120). That is, the control system 60 may decrease, and finally stop, the liquid fuel supply to the gas turbine engine 100, while the natural gas supply to the gas turbine engine 100 is correspondingly started and increased.
- the control system 60 may then operate the gas turbine engine 100 using natural gas fuel (step 130).
- the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the natural gas is continuously monitored by control system 60 using hydrogen sulfide monitor 62 (step 140). If the concentration of hydrogen sulfide is less than a threshold value, the control system 60 continues the natural gas supply to the gas turbine engine 100. If however, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide is greater than or equal to the threshold valve, the control system 60 switches the fuel supply to the gas turbine engine 100 from natural gas fuel to liquid fuel (step 150).
- the control system 60 decreases, and finally stops, the natural gas supply to the gas turbine engine 100, while the liquid fuel supply to the gas turbine engine 100 is correspondingly started and increased.
- the gas turbine engine 100 is then operated using liquid fuel (step 160).
- the control system 60 continuously monitors the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the natural gas directed to the gas turbine engine 100 (step 170). If the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the natural gas supply stays equal to or greater than the threshold value, the control system 60 continues the operation of the gas turbine engine 100 using the liquid fuel (step 160). If however, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreases below the threshold value, the fuel supply to the gas turbine engine 100 is switched from liquid fuel to natural gas (step 120).
- -l ithe control system 60 operates the gas turbine engine 100 using natural gas as the fuel when the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the natural gas is below a threshold value, and using a liquid fuel when the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the natural gas is greater than or equal to the threshold value.
- the control system 60 switches the fuel supply to the gas turbine engine 100 from natural gas fuel to liquid fuel (step 150) only if the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the natural gas is greater than or equal to the threshold value for a threshold time interval in step 140. Similarly in some embodiments, the control system 60 switches the fuel supply from liquid fuel to natural gas fuel (step 120) only if the hydrogen sulfide concentration in natural gas stays below the threshold value for a threshold time interval in step 170.
- the threshold value of concentration and the threshold time intervals for switching between the fuel types may be preselected or may be automatically selected by the control system 60 based on the characteristics of fuel supply at a particular location.
- the threshold value may be preselected to be at that percentage value.
- the control system 60 may select the threshold time intervals to switch from natural gas fuel to liquid fuel and from liquid fuel to natural gas.
- the supply of natural gas at a location may be a blend from several sources. Even when the H 2 S level in the gas supply at the location is within the operating limits, conditions can occur when there is an "upset" in the supply that causes the I3 ⁇ 4S to go higher than the allowable limit.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201380014690.XA CN104204469A (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-03-18 | Gas turbine engine control system with gas monitor |
GB1414394.5A GB2514498B (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-03-18 | Gas turbine engine control system with gas monitor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/422,625 US20130239543A1 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2012-03-16 | Gas turbine engine control system with gas monitor |
US13/422,625 | 2012-03-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013138808A1 true WO2013138808A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
Family
ID=49156376
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2013/032828 WO2013138808A1 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-03-18 | Gas turbine engine control system with gas monitor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130239543A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104204469A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2514498B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013138808A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170038275A1 (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Monitoring system for turbomachinery |
GB2602037A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-22 | Siemens Energy Global Gmbh & Co Kg | Method of operating a combustor for a gas turbine |
CN113187608A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-07-30 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | Turbine fracturing system, control method and control equipment thereof, and storage medium |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4833878A (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1989-05-30 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Wide range gaseous fuel combustion system for gas turbine engines |
US20040011051A1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-01-22 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Automatic combustion control for a gas turbine |
US20060283193A1 (en) * | 2005-02-05 | 2006-12-21 | Nilsson Ulf E | Fuel injection system and purging method |
JP2010054087A (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Gas turbine combustor and operating method of gas turbine combustor |
JP2011163133A (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-25 | Chikafumi Teramoto | System for controlling proper combustion of dual-fuel diesel engine |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0926325A3 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2001-04-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Apparatus for use with a liquid fuelled combustor |
JP4052286B2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2008-02-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
JP4509742B2 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2010-07-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Gas turbine power generation equipment |
JP2006161603A (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-22 | Ebara Corp | Gas turbine device and gas turbine power generation system |
US7434386B2 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-10-14 | Caterpillar Inc. | System for monitoring exhaust gas concentrations |
US7481046B2 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2009-01-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method of desulfating a NOx storage and conversion device |
KR20090099051A (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2009-09-21 | 린 플레임 인코포레이티드 | Premixer for gas and fuel for use in combination with energy release/conversion device |
US7841407B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2010-11-30 | Shell Oil Company | Method for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation |
US8126629B2 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-02-28 | General Electric Company | Method and system for operating gas turbine engine systems |
US20100107592A1 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-06 | General Electric Company | System and method for reducing corrosion in a gas turbine system |
-
2012
- 2012-03-16 US US13/422,625 patent/US20130239543A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-03-18 GB GB1414394.5A patent/GB2514498B/en active Active
- 2013-03-18 CN CN201380014690.XA patent/CN104204469A/en active Pending
- 2013-03-18 WO PCT/US2013/032828 patent/WO2013138808A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4833878A (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1989-05-30 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Wide range gaseous fuel combustion system for gas turbine engines |
US20040011051A1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-01-22 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Automatic combustion control for a gas turbine |
US20060283193A1 (en) * | 2005-02-05 | 2006-12-21 | Nilsson Ulf E | Fuel injection system and purging method |
JP2010054087A (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Gas turbine combustor and operating method of gas turbine combustor |
JP2011163133A (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-25 | Chikafumi Teramoto | System for controlling proper combustion of dual-fuel diesel engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104204469A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
GB2514498A (en) | 2014-11-26 |
US20130239543A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
GB2514498B (en) | 2019-12-04 |
GB201414394D0 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
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