WO2013124548A1 - Dispositif et procédé de stockage écologique d'énergie électrique récupérable à haut rendement énergétique global - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de stockage écologique d'énergie électrique récupérable à haut rendement énergétique global Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013124548A1 WO2013124548A1 PCT/FR2013/000038 FR2013000038W WO2013124548A1 WO 2013124548 A1 WO2013124548 A1 WO 2013124548A1 FR 2013000038 W FR2013000038 W FR 2013000038W WO 2013124548 A1 WO2013124548 A1 WO 2013124548A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ballast
- cavity
- energy
- network
- speed
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/007—Systems for storing electric energy involving storage in the form of mechanical energy, e.g. fly-wheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1853—Rotary generators driven by intermittent forces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method of environmentally friendly storage of electrical energy for collecting and accumulating electrical energy of a network, then redistributing this energy to the network when it is needed in order to balance supply and demand.
- This invention more particularly relates to the recovery, storage and return of electrical energy.
- It also more particularly relates to the storage of energy in the form of gravitational potential energy and the restitution of kinetic energy and potential gravitational energy resulting from the loss of altitude of a ballast.
- It also relates, and more particularly, to a device for storing potential energy from a high efficiency ballast using an insensitive circulation cavity that is insensitive to the shocks generated by a ballast in said cavity while preventing said shocks from causing a disturbance of the environment where is designed the device, including a possible earthquake or possible destruction of equipment.
- the invention relates more particularly to the field of gravity potential energy storage.
- the invention proposes a storage which consists in constituting a stock of potential gravitational energy from energy which is not used immediately.
- the goal is to be able to dispose of it later, when demand is higher. This is particularly necessary when the energy available immediately is variable over time, as is the case of intermittent renewable energies (solar, wind) or peak consumption.
- the energy storage operation is always associated with the inverse operation of recovering stored energy (destocking). These two storage / retrieval operations constitute a storage cycle. At the end of a cycle, the storage system returns to its original state
- the stock was then regenerated.
- the overall efficiency of a cycle is the ratio of the amount of energy recovered to the amount of energy initially sought to be stored. Indeed, each of the two storage and retrieval operations invariably induces energy losses. Part of the initial energy is not actually stored and some of the stored energy is not actually recovered.
- the efficiency of an energy storage cycle depends largely on the nature of the storage and the physical processes used to carry out the storage and destocking operations.
- thermodynamic solar power station The storage of heat also exists. Beyond the use of cumulus, homes with high thermal inertia (thick walls, good insulation) can smooth daily variations in temperature and reduce the need for heating and cooling for direct savings.
- Another form of thermal storage is the use of phase change materials in buildings or to accumulate solar thermal energy from individual solar water heaters. Phase change materials can smooth the production of energy supplied by the sun (free) and increase storage capacity thanks to their high density energy density.
- solar heat can be stored in reservoirs before electricity production, to smooth solar gain; this type of use is marginal in volume, but is an interesting way of research in the context of an electrical production by a thermodynamic solar power station.
- Mechanical storage is a provision often required in engines, in the form of flywheel, to regulate the movement at very short time scales of less than one second. H is practically not used for long-term storage because the amounts of stored energy are too low.
- flywheels rotating at high speed in a cavity where a vacuum has been created.
- Rechargeable batteries are relatively expensive in terms of cost of ownership, because they must be changed regularly and must be replaced after a limited number of charge / discharge cycles and they are not neutral for the environment;
- Document FR 2 929 659 is also known which is a device for storing mechanical energy in a time-unlimited manner comprising a ballast connected to a shaft whose rotation leads to a rise or a descent of a ballast. Unfortunately, this device does not include a circulation cavity in which the ballast can move freely.
- a potential energy storage device comprising at least one ballast of at least 1 ton capable of moving in a cavity, of preferably a curved cavity, including a wellbore, while avoiding ballast stuffing on the walls of said cavity, said cavity comprising liquids such as water or oil.
- These storage devices also include an electric power generator and control means coupled to an operator designed to operate the link in order to controllably move the ballast, thereby providing electricity to the grid during moving the ballast from the first elevation position to a second elevation position by converting the potential gravitational energy into electrical energy as the network requests it and transforming the electrical energy taken from the grid into gravitational potential energy when the The electrical energy of the network is abundant and available.
- Electromechanical energy storage system that stores energy from renewable sources of energy according to the needs of the network.
- This device is electrically connected to a power source.
- This device comprises a ballast mass between 500 and 1000 tonnes likely to move on a trajectory of at least 100 meters and can store energy. It further comprises an electric generator, an electric motor and control means coupled to an operator.
- this device makes it possible to supply electricity to the network when moving the ballast from the first elevation position to a second elevation position by transforming the potential gravitational energy into electrical energy when the The network requests it and transforms the electrical energy taken from the grid into potential gravitational energy when the electrical energy of the network is abundant and available.
- the velocity of the fluid contained in the cavity may be greater than 3 meters per second.
- the shape of the ballast is not adapted to operate the device optimally. Indeed, it is not expected a preferred form to the ballast allowing him to minimize all kinds of friction forces likely to influence its movement, because the fluid friction forces can be more or less important depending on the environment, said forces can sufficiently influence the trajectory and / or the movement of the ballast, which could have adverse consequences on the gain of production of electrical energy.
- the ballast has a rectangular or cylindrical or oblong shape. This form is unsuitable with a device for storing energy that can move in a resistive fluid, preferably a viscous fluid, because, for the said form defined in ballast according to these documents mentioned above, the fluid force is not taken into account. and seems to be strong to change the operation of the device and / or the production gain. This being the case, the planar faces and the right angles defining the ballast actively participate in the braking of the ballast during its descent into the cavity.
- the operating method of the device described in these documents does not seem to adapt to make it work in a complex and / or heterogeneous medium comprising at least two fluids such as water and air, which represents the usual operating conditions, in particular abandoned mine shafts.
- the method defined in these documents is not configured to operate the device in such configurations, because the disclosed method is not able to control the different ballast movements in the case of a medium comprising at least two fluids of different densities.
- the ballast movement would be opposed to the fluid friction, making the movement of the ballast difficult, which could have adverse consequences on the safety and operation of the device as a whole.
- the speed of descent of the ballast seems too excessive to avoid any devers or dysfunction of the device.
- the storage device according to DE10037678 operates at a speed of 10 m / s. This speed seems excessive because, under conditions where the cavity comprises at least two fluids Fl and / or F2, the frictional forces may become too strong and influence the movement of ballast in the circulation cavity. As a result, the control of the ballast by the operator becomes inoperative.
- Hydrodynamic Form describes the appearance of the form of a moving body in a fluid and its resistance to advancement.
- Aerodynamic shape describes the appearance of the shape of a moving body in the air and its resistance to advancement.
- Multiunivoque a link where several elements of a set correspond to one element and only one of the other set.
- Co-univocal a link where each element of a set corresponds to several elements of the other set.
- Example for an element x in one set is the elements y and z of the other set.
- multivoque a link where several elements of one set correspond to several elements of the other set.
- Example for the elements x and t of one set corresponds the elements y and z of the other set.
- the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks. More particularly, the present invention aims at providing a device and a method for environmentally-friendly storage of recoverable energy with a high overall energy efficiency, making it possible to take electrical energy on a distribution network when the electrical energy is abundant and available on this network, redistributing electrical energy to the network when said network needs it, said network comprising at least one electrical energy generator, at least one consumer of electrical energy and at least one power line.
- the invention also makes it possible to propose a secure method of operation of the ecological energy storage device according to the invention.
- An object of the invention is to provide a device and an ecological storage method of secure energy completely overcoming the disadvantages mentioned and known from the prior art.
- the subject of the invention is an energy efficient global energy recoverable energy storage device comprising:
- At least one compact and dense ballast M of section S2 having a density of at least 1, preferably a density of 4, and at least a mass of 10000 kg,
- At least one circulation cavity defining a mobility range of the ballast M, this cavity has a height of at least 20 m, a characteristic dimension of passage d of at least 1 m, preferably 3 or 10 m, a section SI limiting the internal medium, a lower portion PI forming a bottom, an upper portion accessible P2 open on a platform.
- the cavity has a main circulation axis YY 'and comprises at least one fluid F, at least one cable C which makes it possible to connect the ballast M to at least one drum T and at least one first means which comprises a locking system and for unblocking the drum T. This first means makes it possible to maintain the ballast inside the cavity or on the platform of said cavity for a given time, in equilibrium position at a given altitude without loss of potential energy,
- At least one second means which comprises at least one electric motor ME which makes it possible to transform the electrical energy taken from the electrical network into potential gravitational energy by driving the drum T.
- This second means makes it possible to increase the altitude of the ballast M when the electrical energy of the network is abundant and available,
- At least a third means which comprises at least one GE electric generator.
- This generator is mechanically connected to the drum T and regulates the ballast speed M on the one hand, and provides the network the electrical power it needs on the other hand.
- This third means makes it possible to reduce the altitude of the ballast M when the network requires electrical energy, by transforming the potential gravitational energy and possibly the kinetic energy of the ballast M into an electrical energy, said potential energy of gravitation and eventually the transformed kinetic energy is supplied to the network,
- At least a fourth means which makes it possible to measure the altitude of the ballast M at least when said ballast is close to the bottom of the cavity
- At least one fifth real-time or deferred control means comprising a computer which makes it possible to control the first, second and third means mentioned above, as a function of the abundance and the availability of the electrical energy of the network, of the electrical energy required by this network and the position of the ballast M.
- said cavity previously defined is likely to withstand without risk a shock of high energy corresponding to the maximum fall energy of ballast M in said cavity.
- the weight M previously defined has a hydrodynamic or aerodynamic shape adapted so that, in normal operation, the hydrodynamic and / or aerodynamic friction applied to this ballast M by the fluid F are generally negligible so that the fluid F contained in the cavity can circulate freely without hindering the movements of ballast M in said cavity.
- the circulation cavity of the device according to the invention comprises at least one reinforced concrete structure or an attached structure, said structure being closed on itself.
- the proposed invention solves simultaneously the various previously defined problems such as:
- FIG. 1 is a side section A-A of the upper part of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention
- Figure 2 or Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- FIG. 4a shows curves of variation of the safety factor as a function of the braking coefficient for different values of the speed of the chosen ballast
- FIG. 4b shows curves of variation of the safety factor as a function of the ballast velocity in the circulation cavity for different values of the braking coefficient
- Figure 4c is a longitudinal section of a variant of the first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention
- Figure 4d is a longitudinal section of another variant of the first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- FIG. 4e and Figure 4f are longitudinal sections of a ballast according to the invention.
- Figure 4g and Figure 4h are other longitudinal sections of a ballast according to the invention
- Figure 4i and Figure 4j are also other longitudinal sections of a ballast according to the invention
- Fig. 5 is a descent sequence showing a method of operation of the energy storage device according to the invention.
- FIG. 6a or 6b is a longitudinal section of a second preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Figure 6c is a longitudinal section of a variant of the first and second preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- FIG. 6d is a longitudinal section of another variant of the first two preferred embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a third preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of a fourth preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of a fifth preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Figure 10 is a cross section of a sixth preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a longitudinal section of an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Figure 12 is a cross section of an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- the device according to the invention comprises an electric motor ME which makes it possible to take electrical energy from a distribution network (1) when the electrical energy is abundant and available on this network (1), this energy is stored in the storage device.
- This energy is redistributed by an electric generator GE to the network (1) or possibly to another network when said network (1) or possibly the other network needs it.
- This device is environmentally friendly because it does not emit greenhouse gases.
- FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 shows an energy storage device according to a first embodiment of the storage device according to the invention.
- the device comprises at least one ballast M compact and dense section S2.
- This ballast has a density relative to water at least equal to 1 so as to store a large mass in a small volume.
- the chosen ballast has a mass of at least 10000 kg. It is made of dense materials such as carbon steel, tungsten steel, stainless steel, bronze, cement, diamond, iron, brass, mercury, nickel, gold, titanium, zinc, platinum.
- the density of the ballast with respect to the water is of the order of 5.
- the ballast can move in the cavity (2) of circulation in a direction YY 'so that this circulation cavity defines a mobility range of the ballast M.
- the cavity (2) has a height H at least 20 m, a characteristic dimension of passage d of at least 1 m, preferably 10 m, a surface S1 limiting the internal medium, a lower part PI forming a bottom, an accessible upper part P2, open on a P2 platform.
- the characteristic dimension of passage d of the cavity depends on two parameters which are: the velocity of the ballast or the fluid contained in the cavity, the surface S2 of the ballast. Therefore, it is possible to avoid any risk of landslide resulting from a severe vibration surrounding.
- a landslide is a collapse or collapse of the cavity.
- this phenomenon can however take place. This phenomenon corresponds precisely to a sudden and brutal separation of a natural or artificial structure with falling materials constituting the cavity.
- the cavity (2) according to the invention has a vertical main circulation axis YY 'and comprises at least two fluids F1 and F2, of respective density D1 and D2, such that D1 is much lower than D2. These two fluids F1 and F2 are distributed in the cavity so as to occupy in their entirety each a volume VI and V2 respectively, said volumes VI and V2 respectively corresponding to a height H1 and H2 of the fluid F1 and F2 respectively in the cavity (2 ).
- the density D1 of the first fluid F1 is less than 0.02 and the density of the second fluid is between 0.9 and 1.1.
- the ideal case is the case where the fluid Fl is air and the fluid F2 of the water.
- the density or relative density of the ballast is the ratio of its density to the density of a body taken as a reference.
- the reference body is pure water at 4 ° C for liquids and solids.
- the ballast density is determined with respect to the density of the fluids contained in the cavity (2) so that said weight is denser than said fluids so as to facilitate its descent into said cavity (2) without however, to modify the gain of production of electrical energy to the network (1).
- compact means a structure consisting of a block of materials whose parts are closely interlocked and separate only with great difficulty.
- the ballast is constituted by a block of materials comprising one or more materials whose parts are closely connected and / or tight and separate only very
- the circulation cavity of the device according to the invention is constructed with a reinforced concrete structure or an attached structure, said structure being closed on itself.
- the cavity (2) can be a mine shaft, reinforced either by reinforced concrete or any other structure giving it a solid and compact structure, resistant to the impact of very high energy, as the maximum energy corresponding to the free fall of the ballast.
- the cavity (2) can also be a bush cavity.
- the nozzles can be full or perforated.
- the wall of the cavity (2) may in some cases be reinforced by a layer of elastic material, preferably elastomer.
- the cavity may be cut in full rock and possibly reinforced by steel or brick or reinforced concrete siding or by metal casing or by any other type of materials having good physical property previously defined, including resistivity, compactness and strength.
- the cavity (2) is designed and / or reinforced with materials of particular structures previously defined, capable of withstanding, whatever the circumstances, without risk a corresponding high energy shock at the maximum energy of drop of the ballast in the cavity (2).
- a seismic study made it possible to evaluate the potential consequences, which are the destruction of the device and / or the walls and / or the bottom of the cavity (2) and the propagation of seismic waves resulting from the shock of the ballast in said cavity. case of malfunction or collision of the ballast with the wall of the cavity (2).
- This study reveals that the cavity (2) must be designed with walls allowing it to store the maximum energy drop of the ballast in case of malfunction.
- the cavity (2) is designed with a structure comprising sealed walls that can safely withstand a shock of very high energy corresponding to the maximum fall energy of ballast M in the cavity (2).
- the cavity (2) further comprises a block (4) made of material, preferably of elastic material.
- Said block (4) forming the bottom of the cavity (2) called the lower part PI is capable of storing all the fall energy of the ballast in said cavity (2).
- the cavity (2) has a characteristic passage dimension d of at least 1 meter, preferably 6 meters or 10 meters.
- C 3 ⁇ 4 is the drag coefficient
- p is the density of the fluid F1 and / or F2 present in said cavity (2)
- V r is the relative speed of the fluid relative to the ballast in said circulation cavity (2), S2 being defined previously.
- the relative velocity of the fluid V r with respect to the ballast is a function that depends on three parameters: the ballast velocity, the fluid velocity and the capacity or volume of the fluid F1 and / or F2 in the cavity ( 2).
- the braking coefficient J is defined as the ratio of the section S2 of the ballast on the section SI of the cavity (2).
- the constant defined here depends generally on the density of the fluid F1 and / or F2, the drag coefficient C x of the ballast size, its density and the gravitational constant.
- C x Being a parameter that depends in general on the geometry of the ballast.
- FIG. 4a shows the variation curves of the safety factor Q (J) as a function of the braking coefficient J for speeds V of the weight M chosen.
- the safety factor Q is defined as the ratio of the friction forces F1 and / or F2 to the weight of the ballast M.
- the braking coefficient J is defined as the ratio of the section S2 of the ballast M to the ballast. SI section of the circulation cavity (2).
- the ideal case is considered to be the case where the device operates normally without constraint.
- the safety factor Q (V, J) is less than 1 for a given speed V of the ballast and the braking coefficient J is also less than 1.
- the safety factor Q (V , J) or the braking coefficient J can not be greater than 1.
- the safety factor Q (V, J) is close to 1 or tends to 1, the turbulences are all the more important and the device can not not work because the movement of the ballast M is slowed down by the surrounding fluid friction forces.
- the braking coefficient J is close to 1 or tends to 1
- the ballast can not be contained in the cavity, because its section is
- the ballast M has a preferred shape allowing it to minimize all kinds of friction forces likely to influence its movement and / or trajectory.
- This preferred form corresponds to a shape that has good aerodynamic and hydrodynamic properties, including a low hydrodynamic coefficient and low aerodynamic coefficient: coefficient of drag, lift and drift.
- the ballast is designed with a hydrodynamic or aerodynamic shape adapted so that the hydrodynamic friction and / or aerodynamics applied to the ballast M by the Fl fluid and / or F2 contained in the cavity (2) are generally negligible and such that the Fl fluid and / or F2 contained in the cavity (2) can flow freely without to generate significant resistance forces, particularly the friction forces, during the movements of the ballast M in said cavity (2).
- the ballast moves in the cavity (2), it behaves like a mobile moving in a medium where the hydrodynamic and / or aerodynamic forces are important, leading to a turbulent flow. It is therefore useful to define a particular form for ballast.
- the contact surface or the front surface of the ballast must be lower than the rear surface of the ballast.
- the ballast may have at the front a conical or ovoid shape.
- aerodynamics and / or hydrodynamics play an essential role on details such as front and back or on the edges of the ballast M, where the drag coefficient can be greatly reduced thanks to a conical shape. or rounded to the front as can be seen in Figures 4e to 4j.
- the shapes of the ballast are chosen so that the ballast has a low resistance to the viscous liquid. Indeed, said shapes chosen previously do not have flat faces and right angles that brake the ballast greatly during its descent into the fluid. In other words, the descent of the ballast is much faster. It is therefore clear that the ballast is designed with a hydrodynamic and / or aerodynamic shape adapted so that the fluid F and / or F2 contained in the cavity (2) can circulate freely without hindering the movements of said ballast in said cavity.
- the chosen ballast profile has an aerodynamic coefficient and / or
- hydrodynamic value less than 0.4, preferably a hydrodynamic coefficient and / or
- the ballast has an ovoid profile with rounded edges.
- the front part of the ballast is rounded or conical. Indeed, this form has much less friction in a fluid than a ballast M of cubic form. Therefore a low hydrodynamic and / or aerodynamic coefficient.
- the typical profile of the weight M is modeled on the shape of a drop of water: the front is a kind of hemisphere or a cone that has an aerodynamic coefficient and / or hydrodynamic equal to 0.04.
- the braking coefficient J defining the ratio S2 / S1
- the friction forces between the ballast M and the ballast at least one of the fluids F1 and / or F2 is less than 0.7 of the weight of the ballast M when the device according to the invention operates normally, that is to say that the safety factor Q must be less than 0.7 .
- the fluid F1 and / or F2 can circulate freely in the cavity (2) without interfering with the movements of the ballast in said cavity.
- This braking coefficient J is also adapted so that the friction forces between the ballast M and at least one of the fluids F, F1 and / or F2 are greater than 0.7 of the weight of the ballast M in the event of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or approaching the lower portion PI forming a bottom, that is to say that the safety factor Q must be greater than 0.7.
- Q tends to 1 in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed.
- the fluid friction forces can equilibrate with the weight of the ballast, and the ballast is braked in the cavity (2) without causing a major disadvantage to the storage device according to the invention .
- the safety factor Q is greater than 0.7, the friction forces become large and actively participate in braking the ballast in the cavity in the event of malfunction.
- FIG. 4b shows the variation curves of the safety factor Q (V) as a function of the ballast speed M in the circulation cavity (2), for a chosen braking coefficient J.
- These curves show that said safety factor Q (V) varies as a polynomial function, preferably of degree 2. They also show that an increase in the ballast speed causes an increase in said safety factor Q (V). It is therefore necessary to regulate and / or limit the ballast speed during its fall in the cavity (2) in order to prevent the friction forces from becoming greater and influence the movement of said ballast M.
- the safety factor Q Q (V, J) is therefore a double variable function, whose variable is the ballast velocity V and the braking coefficient J.
- This function Q Q (V, J), which defines the conditions
- the operation of the energy storage device according to the invention, normal or abnormal operation, is the coupling of two variables which are: the ballast speed V and the braking coefficient J, this for a characteristic dimension of passage d of the cavity (2) of at least 1 meter, preferably 3 meters or 10 meters.
- FIG. 4b also shows that for a braking coefficient J greater than 0.5 corresponding to a speed V of 9 m / s, the safety factor Q (V, J) representing the coupling V and J is substantially equal to 1
- the safety factor Q (V, J) is also substantially equal to 1. It is clear that especially since the braking coefficient J is large, the friction forces are even more large. With this formulation, it is clear to define an operating mode of which the device according to the invention will function normally, since the recordings of the braking coefficient J and that of the speed V of the ballast are coupled.
- This normal operating mode comprises three parameters dependent on each other: the ballast speed V, the braking coefficient J and the safety factor Q (V, J) representing the coupling of Q (V) and Q (J).
- a matrix Q (V, J) formed by the components Ql and Q2 respectively corresponding to the measurement of the safety factor for each value constant V and the security factor for each constant J value.
- a security factor Q corresponding to the coupling is determined which reflects the extent to which it is probable that the measurement pair (Q1, Q2) or a matching corresponding to the proper functioning or the malfunction of the storage device according to the invention.
- Q a value of Q corresponding to a normal secure operation and the other parameters, in particular V and J adjust themselves: it is the co-univocity.
- J is V and Q adjusts itself: it is the multiunivocity.
- the safety factor Q Q (V, J) defining the normal and / or abnormal operation, is multiunivocal or co-univocal or multivocal, this for a characteristic passage dimension of at least 1 meter, preferably 3 meters or 10 meters.
- Q is one-to-one or one-to-one or multi-write makes it possible to increase the amount of information available to define or ensure the proper functioning of the energy storage device according to the invention because all the possible combinations of the different values of V and J are taken into account to define a normal and optimal mode of operation. And also allows to inform and / or alert the operator and / or to trigger another diagnosis defined below in case of malfunction as detailed above taking into account the value of Q. So in normal operation, Q is less than 0.7, and in abnormal operation, Q is greater than 0.7, preferably time to 1.
- the braking coefficient J is less than or equal to 0.4
- the ballast speed is less than 6 meters per second
- the safety factor is less than or equal to 0.7.
- This pair of values is chosen in a multiunivocal or co-univocal or multivocal manner.
- the fluid friction forces are generally negligible, ie the safety factor Q, being a multiunivocal or co-univocal function. or multivoque, must be a priori however less than 0.7 in normal operation, this for a characteristic passage dimension of at least 1 meter.
- the average speed below 6 m / s chooses, allows to operate normally the device with a good gain in power output, preferably a speed less than or equal to 5 meters per second is chosen for greater security.
- the safety factor Q (J) can, in certain cases, tend to 1 for a braking coefficient of the order of 0.4 as shown in Figure 4a. . This case of operation can be detrimental to the movement of the ballast in the cavity (2). For this reason it is chosen, in normal operation, a braking coefficient of less than 0.4.
- the safety factor Q tends to 1 in case of malfunction.
- the safety factor tends to 1.
- the ballast is braked in the lower part of the cavity (2) for rest safely, with a suitable speed corresponding to the minimum energy that could support the cavity (2).
- the value of the speed chosen as well as the values of the braking coefficient J and of the chosen safety factor Q, obeys the principle of multiunivocity or co-univocity of the function Q (V, J) and ensures the good operation of the storage device according to the invention in complete safety.
- the security factor Q corresponding to the normal and abnormal operation of said energy storage device, being multi-univocal or one-to-one or multi-object, said Q factor being less than a predefined Qmin value in normal mode and to a value greater than Qmin in abnormal mode.
- the circulation cavity (2) further comprises a section blank S3 located in the lower part of this cavity (2), a height H3.
- This blank section S3 of the cavity (2) is intended to brake the ballast in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or approaching the lower portion P1.
- This blank section S3 makes it possible to increase the fluid friction forces in the circulation cavity (2) or in this part of the circulation cavity (2), which results in a significant loss of the ballast speed M in this part of the cavity (2). Therefore, the ballast M is braked by the fluid Fl and / or F2 and can rest in the lower part PI forming a bottom safely, with a speed almost zero.
- the blank section S3 is made of material or concrete or elastomer or the same material as the cavity (2). Said blank section S3 is introduced into the cavity (2) via a suitable groove or other means, which allows to slide easily without stress to the bottom of the cavity (2) as the shows figure 3.
- the design structure of this previously defined blank section S3 is adapted to withstand a high energy shock corresponding to the maximum energy of the ballast M in the cavity (2). It also acts as a coating wall for the cavity (2) having dual function, the protective function against intense shocks and the braking function.
- the entire cavity (2) can be reinforced by this blank section S3 throughout its length.
- the ballast M and the blank section S3 comprises, one or more grooves for directing and / or guide the ballast M in said blank section S3 and said blank S3 in the cavity (2).
- the ballast M can easily slide on the section of the cavity (2) section S3 safely to finish its course safely with a virtually zero speed on the lower part PI forming the bottom of the cavity (2 ).
- the braking coefficient J1 which corresponds to the ratio S2 / S3, is adapted so that the friction forces between one of the fluids Fl and / or F2 present in this said lower part and the ballast M are sufficiently large in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or approaching the bottom portion PI forming a bottom. That is to say, the safety factor Q must be close to 1. As a result, the ballast M is braked before reaching the lower part P1. In these conditions, the friction forces will act as fluid. brake or restoring force to prevent the ballast M touches the lower part PI forming a bottom of the cavity (2), with excessive speed.
- the braking coefficients J1 and J express the same thing at different depths or locations of the cavity (2).
- the ballast speed may be largely excessive, for example greater than 9 meters per second.
- the ballast M may have enough energy to destroy the lower part forming the bottom PI or cause an earthquake in the vicinity of the storage device, which could render the device unusable in the following. Therefore, it is expected that the lower part of the cavity is designed in a material that can withstand sufficiently large energies corresponding to the maximum fall energy of the ballast in said lower part forming the bottom Pl.
- the bottom portion PI bottom forming is also reinforced by a block (4) of materials or elastomer, this to prevent destruction of said lower portion PI forming the bottom in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed of the storage device of energy according to the invention.
- said lower portion PI forming the bottom comprises a block (4) of elastic material such as elastomer or hard material such as concrete.
- This block (4) comprises holes for regulating the flow of the fluid when the ballast M approaches the lower part PI forming the bottom of the cavity (2).
- This lower part forming the bottom PI is a previously defined block of material or a block of concrete deposited at the bottom of the cavity (2).
- These blocks (4) of materials can be removable in the cavity (2) and comprise several holes for discharging the Fl fluid and / or F2 during its installation in the cavity (2) of circulation and when the ballast M is approaching in the lower part Pl.
- These suitable materials have mechanical and thermodynamic performances adapted to the maximum energy of drop of the ballast in the cavity (2) so that they are capable of storing all the energy of the ballast M during his free fall in the cavity (2).
- the block (4) of material constituting the lower portion PI forming the bottom of the cavity (2) may contain one or more grooves or have a braking coefficient which tends to 1, to install it easily at the bottom of the cavity (2). This means that the section of the block (4) is substantially equal to the section SI of the cavity (2).
- the cavity (2) comprises at least two blocks (4) of elastic material and elastic suspension means (5).
- the assembly blocks (4) and elastic suspension means (5) constitute an antivibration and / or shockproof elastic suspension system.
- Said suspension system comprises one or more elastic blocks (4), for example blocks of elastomer, and one or more dampers (5), for example compression spring dampers and / or piston dampers.
- the dampers are interposed between two blocks (4) elastic or concrete.
- These blocks (4) are installed at the bottom of the cavity (2) via the rolling means, allowing said block to slide easily into the cavity or by any other means.
- These rolling means may be wheels or grooves.
- the blocks (4) are capable of absorbing the maximum energy corresponding to the fall of the ballast M into the cavity (2) or at the bottom of the cavity (2).
- the two embodiments previously defined according to the invention mainly the device of FIG. 4c and / or 4d, have the advantage of effectively or totally eliminating the risks of destruction of the bottom of the cavity (2) and the risks of propagation. of seismic waves resulting from the impact of the ballast M with the bottom P and or the walls of the cavity (2), particularly in the event of malfunction and / or excessive speed.
- the block (4) and the suspension means (5) dampens the forces of the ballast shocks M with the lower part forming the bottom of the cavity (2), and then stores the seismic waves and / or the maximum fall energy of the ballast M in said cavity (2) considerably reducing the seismic probabilities.
- the device of FIG. 4c or of FIG. 4d may further comprise a section blank S3, not shown, situated in the lower part of this cavity (2) as in the case of Figure 3, a height H3.
- This blank section S3 of the cavity (2) is still intended to brake the ballast in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or approaching the lower part Pl.
- the device of FIG. 4c and of FIG. 4d can operate normally with or without the blank of section S3 in complete safety.
- the ballast M comprises at least one orifice (6) and at least one means (7).
- the means (7) is removable and is free to move along the axis ZZ 'on a portion of the orifice (6) via the rolling means or any other means and making a BETA angle greater than or equal to 5 degrees with the horizontal axis XX '.
- the fluid Fl and / or F2 can be introduced freely into the lower part (point B) of the weight M through the orifice (6).
- the pressure at point A noted PA is substantially equal to the pressure at point B noted PB, the security factor Q preferably less than 0, 7 and the braking coefficient and the ballast speed M are adapted according to the chosen value of the safety factor.
- the pressure on the upper part A is substantially equal to the pressure on the lower part B.
- the pressure PB at point B becomes different, preferably greater, than the pressure PA at point A.
- This pressure variation being proportional to the ballast velocity M, allows the fluid present in the cavity ( 6) to move the means (7) to the outside of the ballast M, which makes it possible to increase the safety factor Q and the braking coefficient J and to reduce the ballast speed. In this way, the ballast M is slowed down and / or braked in the cavity (2) safely.
- the pressure PA at A can be almost equal to the pressure PB at B and the means (7) can return to its previous state in the orifice (6).
- the ballast M can then rest safely on the lower part PI of the cavity (2) or continue to produce electric power with a nominal speed
- hydroelectromechanical allows the ballast M to regulate its movement as a function of the safety factor Q of the medium, the speed of said ballast M and the fluid Fl and / or F2.
- hydromechanical or hydroelectromechanical comprises the means (7), the orifice (6) and the fluid Fl and / or F2.
- the displacement of the means (7) is due to a thrust exerted by the fluid.
- another embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4g and Figure 4h with the same purpose as that of Figures 4e, 4f, 4i, 4j. It differs from those of said figures in that the ballast M comprises at least one orifice (6) comprising a means (7), said orifice being placed in the upper part of the ballast M and not having a direct link with the point B. the opening and closing of the means (7) is governed by two pressure sensors placed at points A and B.
- the ballast further comprises a pressure measurement sensor, a speed measurement sensor and / or altitude sensor.
- the advantage of this alternative lies in the fact that the hydroelectromechanical system previously defined comprises embedded means integral with ballast M, said means being able to be controlled by different control means for operating the energy storage device according to the invention. .
- the energy storage device comprises at least one or more cables C make it possible to connect the ballast M to one or more drums T.
- the cable C is wound on the drum T.
- the drum T has an axis of rotation XX 'fixed relative to the cavity not shown here. In this case the drum is held fixed by a blocking means preventing the ballast from moving. It is also possible to deposit the ballast on the ground to keep the ballast at rest without energy consumption.
- the energy storage device comprises at least a first means comprising a locking and unlocking system of the drum T, said first means for maintaining the ballast inside the cavity ( 2) and / or on the platform P2 of said cavity (2) for a given time, as long as one wants, in stable equilibrium position at a given altitude without loss of potential energy and energy consumption .
- This first means is perfectly ecological, that is to say without emission of greenhouse gases, because this means does not use a technique requiring the emission of carbon dioxide in the air.
- said energy storage device further comprises at least one second means for increasing the altitude of the ballast M in the main traffic axis Y'Y, when the electrical energy of the network is abundant and available, in transforming the electrical energy of the network into potential energy of gravitation.
- This second means is also perfectly ecological without emission of greenhouse gases.
- This second means comprises at least one electric motor ME which makes it possible to transform the electric energy taken from the network (1) into potential gravitational energy by driving the drum T. As a result, the altitude of the ballast M increases when the energy Electric is abundant and available.
- the device according to the invention also comprises a third means makes it possible to reduce the altitude of the ballast M in the main traffic axis YY 'when the network requires electrical energy, by transforming the potential gravitational energy of the ballast. M and possibly its kinetic energy into an electrical energy. The potential gravitational energy of the ballast M and possibly the kinetic energy thus transformed are supplied to the network.
- This third way is also perfectly ecological without emission of greenhouse gases.
- This third means comprises at least one GE generator mechanically connected to the drum T, which regulates the ballast speed M on the one hand and provides the network with the useful electrical power it needs on the other hand. To adapt the speed of rotation of the drum to the speed of rotation of the generator, the generator is mechanically connected to the drum via a gear train. This makes it possible to safely ensure the regulation of the ballast speed and the redistribution of electric power to the grid.
- the energy storage device comprises a fourth means for measuring the altitude of the ballast M at least when this ballast M is close to the lower part P forming a bottom of the cavity (2 ).
- This means is very useful because it prevents the ballast M reaches the bottom with a speed too high or excessive. It also prevents accidents or incidents due to poor background conditions of the circulation cavity (2).
- the knowledge of the altitude of the ballast also makes it possible to know the total mass subjected to the acceleration of the gravity. Indeed the mass of the cable is not always negligible compared to the weight of the ballast M, especially when the ballast M is in a position close to the bottom. The total mass (ballast weight M + vertical cable weight) therefore increases as the ballast descends into the cavity.
- the device according to the invention furthermore comprises a fifth means is a control means which makes it possible to control, in real time or deferred, the different first, second and third means mentioned above, depending on the abundance and the availability of the electrical energy of the network, the electrical energy required by the network and the altitude of the ballast M.
- Said fifth control means comprises a computer which has the capacity to translate the instructions for defining:
- the required acceleration time is substantially equal, in seconds, to the ratio of the power required in Watt divided by 80 times the weight of the ballast M expressed in kilograms. This relation must be balanced by the influence of the height of the cavity, by the influence of the friction and by the inertia of the pulleys.
- TCL1 acceleration and / or Tcl2 is approximately equal at 1.2 s.
- the device further comprises a very fast recovery energy accumulator, this accumulator is placed between the generator and the network.
- ⁇ provides power to the network during TCL1 and / or TCL2 latency.
- This latency time is the time required for at least one ballast M to arrive at the desired speed V in the first fluid Fl and / or V in the second fluid F2.
- the speed is less than 6 m / s. This speed is chosen so that the security measures are optimal.
- the device according to the invention also comprises a sixth means is a means embedded and secured to the ballast M, it comprises means of electronic and / or electromagnetic detections, and allows, in real time or deferred, a few meters from the ballast M, safely locate the different positions of the ballast M during its descent and / or climb in the cavity (2).
- Said sixth means also makes it possible to identify in a safe manner the obstacles and / or the variations in density and / or pressure of the fluid F1 and / or F2 and / or the relative speed of the fluid F1 and / or F2 with respect to the weight M and to locally moderate the displacement of said weight M in the cavity (2).
- the previously defined detection means also make it possible to moderate and control the speed of displacement of the ballast M during the passage of the fluid of density D 1 towards the fluid of density D 2 and vice versa during the passage of the fluid of density D 2 towards the density fluid D1, so that the change of medium takes place without violent impact, avoiding any deversion or overturning of the ballast M.
- the device can operate safely in a complex medium comprising at least two fluids, for example the air and water, without prejudice to the movement of ballast M in the cavity (2).
- the power can be regulated according to the needs of the network (1).
- the cavity (2) may be an abandoned mine shaft adapted to the conditions defined above for this energy storage device according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows the different movements and descending steps of the ballast M corresponding to a particular embodiment, defining a method of operation of the energy storage device according to the invention.
- the different movements of the ballast M are driven by the fifth means and / or the sixth means.
- the ballast M is at rest and it is maintained by the first means, for example on the platform P2 of the cavity (2), in stable equilibrium position at a given altitude, without loss of energy.
- the first means releases the ballast M by releasing it without initial speed at this initial time T0.
- This TCL1 acceleration time makes it possible to obtain the necessary electrical power redistributed to the network at time T 1.
- the third means makes it possible to supply the network with the requested electric power until this time T2 is reached.
- TVC1 T2-T1
- time elapsed between T2 and T1 the movement of the ballast M is regulated at a speed adapted to provide the electrical power demanded by the network. For example, if the speed V is constant, then the electric power supplied to the network is constant and vice versa.
- the power supplied during this time TVD is regulated with the movement of the ballast M and in some cases, if there is loss of power, these losses can be regulated so that the power supplied to the network remains almost constant during the time lapse RST.
- the third means supplies the electric power network PU 'requested and this until time T5.
- the ballast speed M is adapted to provide the electrical power required by the electrical network, for example if the power demand is constant, then the speed of descent will be constant and vice versa.
- the fourth means and the sixth means detect the lower part of the cavity (2) and also the section S3 of said cavity (2).
- the ballast M is braked and can either rest safely on the lower part forming the bottom PI, or stop in the lower part of the cavity (2).
- the movement of the ballast M is governed in the first fluid by three types of movements between T0 and T3:
- the movement of the ballast M is also governed by three types of movements between T3 and T6:
- the storage device comprises between the ballast M and the drum T a pulley or a pulley train forming a hoist, in order to direct and / or reduce the tensile force present in the cable. Moreover, when the electrical energy of the network is abundant, the ballast M is raised by the second means until reaching the upper position of departure.
- the device may further comprise a fast-retrieval energy accumulator.
- This accumulator is placed between the generator and the network and provides power to the network during the latent time TCL1 and / or TCL2. This latency is the time required for the ballast M to arrive at the desired speed V and / or V.
- FIG. 6a or 6b show a longitudinal section of a second preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- This device is, overall, substantially the same as that described in the previous figures.
- the operating method of this second embodiment which is the subject of the present invention is generally the same as that described above.
- the difference with the device described above lies in the fact that in this device, the assembly constituted by the cables, the pulley (s) is (are) replaced (s) by at least one fixed rack, fixed on the wall internal of the circulation cavity (2).
- the rack is adapted to drive in rotation about a fixed axis relative to the weight M, a toothed wheel.
- the gear wheel is connected to a motor and / or a generator which is placed and fixed on the ballast M or on the platform.
- This device further comprises at least one mechanical assembly which makes it possible to avoid any tilt or rollover of the ballast M.
- the blank of section S3 prevents the ballast M from reaching the lower part P1 forming a bottom of the cavity (2) and the ballast M is stopped safely without destroying the device according to the invention or without causing a local earthquake because all the seismic waves are stored by the blank section S3.
- the S3 section blank is made of materials with good elastic properties or damping likely to withstand a shock of very high energy.
- this section blank (3) can be designed with the same structure or material as the cavity (2). It can be made of elastic material such as elastomer so that it plays the role of shock absorber shockproof and antivibration.
- Ball M may bounce without causing any damage to the circulation cavity (2) and without reaching the bottom of said cavity (2) while avoiding diffusing the vibrations. likely to cause an earthquake.
- the storage device comprises two racks fixed on the inner walls of the circulation cavity (2).
- Each of the racks used are adapted to drive in rotation about a fixed axis relative to the ballast M, each a toothed wheel.
- This gear wheel is connected to a motor and / or a generator which is placed and fixed on the ballast M.
- This device further comprises at least one electronic and / or mechanical means for synchronizing the movement of the gear wheels in order to avoid any cant or overturning of ballast M.
- Figures 6c and 6d are longitudinal sections of a variant of the first two embodiments of the energy storage device according to the invention.
- the cavity (2) has the shape of a valley or bowl, inclined at an angle ALFA relative to the vertical axis.
- the cavity (2) is not a well (or a tower), but a natural or artificial bowl adapted to the previously defined safety conditions and standards.
- This cavity (2) which is a very large natural or artificial bowl is filled with two fluids, water and air, for example. This is the case for example of a marine or oceanic pit or a deep lake.
- the control system and all other means associated with the device are on a floating platform, anchored or placed on a neighboring background or stabilized by a dynamic means and the ballast M can perform its movement as defined in the first preferred embodiment or according to an ALFA angle inclined plane as previously defined.
- a blank section S3 is placed in the lower part PI forming a bottom of the bowl not shown here.
- the bottom portion PI forming the bottom is reformed by a block of materials also not shown here. This form and this lower part
- PI forming the bottom are adapted to safely and safely support a shock of high energy corresponding to the maximum energy drop ballast.
- This lower part can be designed with the materials or features previously defined in the other embodiments.
- the ballast M rests on a low-friction device such as wheels for example, and can flow freely on an inclined surface.
- the return of the ballast M to the initial position can be done by another path than that of the descent. This possibility mainly makes it possible to significantly improve the continuity of the energy recovery.
- the angle ALFA can be between 0 and 85 ° but, without limitation, it is between 30 and 80 °. Therefore, a fall of the mass can generate sufficient power and necessary to supply the energy needs of the network (1).
- Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a third preferred embodiment of the device object of the present invention.
- the device according to this embodiment has the same structural and functional characterizations as the previous embodiments. It differs from the other embodiments in that it comprises a cavity (2) further comprising another cavity (3) of section S4 located in the lower part of the cavity (2).
- Said cavity (3) has a height H4 and comprises holes of section greater than 3 cm square on its lateral surface and at least one fluid with a density of at least less than 1.1.
- the lower part forming the bottom of this said cavity (3) denoted by P3 is made of materials, in particular the previously defined materials, preferably of material capable of storing all the maximum fall energy of the ballast M in this said cavity (3 ).
- the bottom of the cavity (3) and / or the cavity (3) is (are) made of elastic material such as elastomer.
- a braking coefficient J2 is defined, which corresponds to the ratio S2 / S4.
- this braking coefficient J2 like J1 and J, is adapted so that the friction forces between one of the fluids Fl and / or F2 present in the cavity (3) and the ballast M are
- the safety factor Q Q (V, J2) must be sufficiently large, preferably greater than or equal to 1.
- the cavity (3) is able to withstand without risk a shock very high energy corresponding to the maximum energy of fall of said ballast M.
- the sixth onboard means integral with ballast M which comprises detection means, can locally locate and moderate the displacement of the ballast M in the cavity (2) and / or in the cavity (3).
- the ballast M can then be braked in the cavity (3) safely without destroying the storage device according to the invention and rests in the lower part forming the bottom P3 of said cavity (3) safely.
- FIG 8 is a longitudinal section of a fourth preferred embodiment of the energy storage device according to the invention.
- This embodiment is the same as the previous modes. It differs from the other embodiments in that the cavity (3) is mobile and can move at the desired moment in the cavity (2) without disrupting the movement of the fluid Fl and / or F2, respecting of course the safety conditions defined in the previous embodiments.
- the storage device according to the invention comprises one or more holes, preferably a hole located in its lower part, having the same function as the holes on the device of FIG. 7.
- the cavity (3) is maintained equilibrium in the cavity (2) floating in the area where the density of the fluid is important, particularly close to the lower part PI so that the sixth means detects easily.
- the density of this cavity (3) is adapted so that it can easily float in the fluid Fl and / or F2.
- this cavity (3) it is used to receive the ballast at a certain altitude and to direct it safely towards the bottom part forming the bottom while effectively braking it.
- the lower part PI forming the bottom can receive a sufficiently weak shock and damped, thus avoiding destroying the storage device in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or bringing the ballast closer to the lower part.
- the braking coefficient J3, defined as the ratio S4 / S1 is adapted such that the safety factor Q (V, J3) tends to 1 in the absence ballast M in the cavity (3) of section S4 and so that the safety factor is between 0.7 and 1 in the presence of the ballast M in said cavity (3) of section S4.
- the ballast M braked in the cavity (3) of section S4 can rest safely in said cavity (3) and in the lower part PI and / or P3 forming the bottom of the cavity (2) and / or the cavity (3).
- the cavity (3) can be made of dense material or of elastic material or foam or any other material having good characteristics adequate for the proper operation of the storage device according to the invention.
- FIG 9 is a longitudinal section of a fifth preferred embodiment of the device object of the present invention.
- the device according to this embodiment has the same structural and functional characterizations as the previous embodiments.
- This device differs from these aforementioned embodiments in that this device comprises several weights Ml, M2, M3, ... of equal or different mass. These weights are stored at the top of the circulation cavity (2). These ballasts are actuated one after the other in the same circulation cavity according to the electrical needs of the network (1), thereby increasing the total energy redistributable network.
- the ballast comprises, as shown in FIGS. 4i and 4j, a bore 8 making it possible to store the masses one after the other more efficiently while respecting a linear stack.
- the weights are stored at the top of the cavity (2), especially on the platform in bores or pockets (10) so that they remain stable in case of bad operation or vibratory disturbance of the middle surface, including an earthquake.
- the pockets or bores (10) being made of concrete or elastomer.
- the weights M1, M2, M3,... can be actuated simultaneously without collision, thus respecting a latency time between two successive or consecutive weights.
- This latency time being sufficient to stack the weights one after the other at the bottom of the cavity (2).
- This simultaneous action makes it possible to increase the redistributable power to the network and the weights can not collide with each other during the descent.
- the device further comprises at least two or more cavities (2).
- Said cavities (2) each comprise piloting means and at least one or more weights.
- the control means of all the cavities (2) are coordinated to continuously supply the energy to the network and / or a larger energy and / or a greater instantaneous power supplied to the network.
- all the cavities (2) comprising at least one ballast work simultaneously.
- the cavities (2) comprising at least one ballast work one after the other.
- Figure 10 or Figure 12 is a cross section of a sixth preferred embodiment of the device object of the present invention.
- the circulation cavity (2) comprises at least three weights Ml, M2, M3, respective sections S21, S22, S23. They are distant from each other by dl2, dl3 and d23. These weights can move at the same time or in deferred manner in the cavity (2) safely, respecting all the operating conditions of the device as defined in the previous embodiments. Other additional safety conditions are added such as the braking coefficient J4 which corresponds to the ratio (S21 + S22 + S23) / S1 and the ratios d2 / d, d23 / d, d1 3 / d which correspond to the coefficients of load exchange.
- each exchange coefficient is equal to 0.3 or 0.2.
- the safety factor Q (V, J4) is less than 0.7 in normal operation, that is to say that the friction forces between one of the fluids Fl and / or F2 present in the cavity (2) are less than 0.7 of the weight of the ballast M.
- a braking coefficient J5 corresponding to the ratio (S21 + S22 + S23) / S3 is also adapted so that the friction forces between one of the fluids F 1 and / or F 2 present in the part bottom of the cavity (2) and the ballast Ml, M2, M3 are sufficiently large in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or bringing the lower part forming a bottom PI, so that said ballast Ml, M2 M3 is braked before reaching the lower part PI. That is to say that the safety factor Q (V, J5) must be tend to 1 in the event of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / bringing the lower part forming a bottom PI closer together.
- the first ballast Ml is released first, the second ballast M2 is released with a delta delay relative to the first ballast and the third ballast M3 is released with a delay. delta2 compared to the first ballast. Delta and delta2 can vary between 0 and a few seconds so that one can control the device to provide sufficient electrical power and necessary for the operation of the network (1).
- the total power supplied by this method can be regulated according to the needs of the network (1), for example the total power can remain constant, whatever the movement of one of the weights, such as the stop and / or deceleration and / or acceleration and / or uniform rectilinear motion.
- the first ballast Ml is in the second fluid, its energy production is cut off so that it gains speed again to reach a chosen nominal operating speed. . Meanwhile, the production of electric power is generated by the weights M2 and M3. This choice is supported by the fact that it is more convenient and safe that the three weights do not cross the second fluid at the same time, because the friction forces can become more important.
- the other two ballasts M2 and M3 are slowed down to reach zero speed and only the weight ballast Ml product an electric power useful to the needs of the network.
- the ballast Ml is braked and the movement of the ballast M2 becomes accelerated to reach a chosen nominal speed necessary to produce electric power sufficient.
- the three weights perform the same movements.
- the second ballast movement has a delay delta3 with respect to the first ballast and that of the third ballast has a delay delta4 with respect to the first ballast and / or ballast.
- ballast Ml is reassembled, then during the power production electric by the ballast 3, the ballast 2 is reassembled. This repeats the production cycle of nominal power necessary for the proper functioning of the electrical network.
- the electric power is produced with the weights M2 and M3 with a regulated power so that a resistive torque resulting compensates the initial acceleration, which would allow produce electric power with the ballast Ml.
- This power is lower than that corresponding to a resistive torque that compensates for the initial acceleration.
- This power can be incrementally increased by maintaining a non-zero acceleration, particularly at a positive value.
- the cavity (2) further comprising at least two rails or two slides (10) firmly fixed to the internal structure of said cavity (2) allowing move the ballast or ice the ballast in the circulation cavity.
- each ballast further comprising at least two wheels, said wheels having an axis of rotation secured to the ballast and being capable of moving on at least one rail (10).
- the cavity comprises at least two weights, preferably three weights and at least two rail supports (11), preferably three rail supports (11). each rail support (11) comprising two rails (10). In this way, it is possible to slide three weights in the same cavity on different and well defined trajectories.
- the device further comprises at least 2 N C cables of the same nature or of different nature, N being a natural whole number, preferably 16 cables C, connected to at least one rudder (12) balancing the forces on all the cables, said spreader (12) being connected to at least one mechanical hooking means (13) for releasing or maintaining the weight of the spreader (12), said lifter and / or said means mechanical being guided by a set of at least 2 wheels.
- the device further comprises at least one mobile drum T on the platform.
- This makes it possible to support the weight of the ballast, because it is directly distributed on the different cables. This also allows the drum T to move easily and control the different weights. Also, in case of breakage of a cable, the ballast can be always maintained by other cables.
- the ballast comprises a mechanical attachment means (14) serving as attachment point or ballast attachment with the mechanical attachment means (13).
- These hooking means may be spit or any other attachment means known in other areas of mechanics.
- the ballast at a density of at least 3 or between 3 and 10 so that it can easily flow in the fluid Fl and / or F2.
- the cavity has a diameter d of at least 3 meters or 10 meters.
- Another embodiment of the invention consists in coupling the energy storage device according to the invention with a power plant for generating electricity, for example a wind turbine power station at sea.
- a power plant for generating electricity for example a wind turbine power station at sea.
- the electricity produced by the offshore or onshore wind power plant is transformed by a voltage booster or amplified by the storage device to transport it on a consumer network power required to supply the network.
- the invention solves the aforementioned problems by providing an energy efficient global recoverable energy storage device comprising:
- At least one compact and dense weight M of section S2 having a density of at least 1 and at least a mass of 10,000 kilograms
- At least one circulation cavity (2) defining a mobility range of the ballast M, said cavity (2) having a height H of at least 20 m, a characteristic passage dimension d of at least 1 m, preferably 10 m, a section S 1 limiting the internal medium, a lower portion P 1 forming a bottom, an accessible upper part P2 open on a platform, said cavity (2) having a main axis of circulation YY 'and comprising at least one fluid F,
- At least one cable C making it possible to connect the ballast M to at least one drum T and at least one first means comprising a locking and unlocking system for the drum T, said first means making it possible to keep the ballast inside the drum; cavity (2) or on the platform of said cavity (2) for a given time, in equilibrium position at a given altitude without loss of potential energy,
- At least one second means comprising at least one electric motor ME making it possible to transform the electrical energy taken from the electrical grid (1) into potential gravitational energy by driving the drum T, said second means making it possible to increase the altitude of the ballast M when the electrical energy of the network is abundant and available,
- At least a third means comprising at least one electric generator GE, said generator being mechanically connected to the drum T and regulating the speed of the ballast M on the one hand and supplying the network with the electrical power which it needs else on the other hand, said third means making it possible to reduce the altitude of the ballast M when the network requires electrical energy, by transforming the potential gravitational energy and possibly the kinetic energy of the ballast M into an electrical energy, said potential energy of gravitation and possibly the transformed kinetic energy being supplied to the network,
- At least one fifth real-time or deferred control means comprising a computer for controlling the first, second and third means mentioned above, according to the abundance and availability of the electrical energy of the network, the electrical energy required by this network and the position of the ballast M.
- the previously defined cavity (2) is designed and / or reinforced with materials of particular and complex structure capable of withstanding without risk a high-energy shock corresponding to the maximum energy of fall of said ballast M into said cavity (2),
- the ballast M previously defined has a hydrodynamic and / or aerodynamic shape adapted so that, in normal operation, the hydrodynamic and / or
- aerodynamic applied on said ballast M by the fluid F are generally negligible and such that the fluid F contained in the cavity (2) can circulate, in general, freely without significantly impeding the movements of said ballast M in said cavity ( 2).
- the safety factor Q corresponding to the normal and abnormal operation of said energy storage device, whether multiunivocal or co-unambiguous or multivocal, said Q factor being less than a predefined Qmin value in normal mode and a value greater than Qmin in abnormal mode.
- the cavity (2) has a characteristic passage dimension d of the cavity (2) of at least 1 meter, preferably 6 meters or 10 meters.
- the cavity (2) comprises at least a first fluid F1 and a second fluid F2, of respective density D1 and D2, such that D1 is much smaller than D2, said fluids F1 and F2 being distributed in the cavity so as to occupy respectively in each of them a volume VI and V2 corresponding to a height H1 and H2 respectively;
- the cavity (2) comprises in its lower part at least one antivibration and / or shockproof elastic suspension system, said system is installed at the bottom of the cavity (2) by means of rolling means allowing said system to slide easily in said cavity (2) so that in the event of cable rupture and / or malfunction and / or excessive speed, said system is capable of absorbing the maximum energy corresponding to the fall of ballast M in said cavity (2);
- the braking coefficient J is adapted so that the safety factor Q is less than 0.7 in normal operation and / or said braking coefficient J is adapted so that the safety factor Q is greater than 0.7 , preferably tends to 1, in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or approaching the lower part PI;
- the ballast M comprises a hydromechanical or hydroelectromechanical system
- said hydromechanical system comprises at least one means (7) and at least one orifice (6) placed in the lower part of the ballast M, the means (7) being free to move in a part of the orifice (6) under the effect of a thrust force exerted by the fluid;
- the safety factor Q of the medium, the speed V of the ballast M are coordinated with said hydromechanical or hydroelectromechanical system to allow the ballast M to regulate and / or slow down its movement as a function of the safety factor Q of the medium, the speed of said M weight and fluid Fl and / or F2.
- the ballast comprises a bore or pocket (8)
- the platform comprises a bore or pocket (9) necessary to store the masses
- the cavity (2) further comprises a section S3 located in the lower cavity portion (2), on a height H3, and the braking coefficient Jl is adapted so that the safety factor Q in this section S3 is sufficiently important in the event of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or bringing the lower part closer together
- the cavity (2) further comprises another cavity (3) of section S4 located in the lower part of said cavity (2), on a height H4, said cavity (3) comprises one or more holes of section greater than 3 centimeters squares on its lateral surface and at least one fluid density at least less than 1, 1, and / or the braking coefficient 32 is adapted so that the safety factor Q in said cavity (3) is sufficiently large in case of bad operating and / or excessive speed and / or approaching the lower part PI so that said weight M is braked before reaching the lower part PI by discharging a certain amount of fluid F, Fl and / or F2 in said holes , said cavity (3) being designed with suitable and particular materials likely to withstand without risk a shock of very high energy corresponding to the maximum energy drop said ballast M in said cavity (3).
- the cavity (3) is removable, comprises a hole located in its lower part and can move at the desired moment in the cavity (2) without infringing the movement of the fluid F, Fl and / or F2, and said cavity (3) is maintained in equilibrium in the cavity (2) floating in the area where the density of the fluid is large, preferably close to the lower part forming a bottom PI, said cavity (3) allows to receive the ballast to a certain altitude and direct it safely towards the lower PI forming a bottom while effectively braking it.
- the device further comprises at least one sixth means embedded and secured to the ballast M, said means comprises electronic detection means and / or
- said detecting means allow in real time or deferred, a few meters from the ballast M, to safely identify the various positions of the ballast M during its descent and its rise, to identify safely obstacles and / or the variations in density and / or pressure of the fluid F, Fl and / or F2 and / or the relative speed of the fluid F, Fl and / or F2 relative to the weight M and locally moderating the displacement of said weight M in the cavity (2) and / or in the cavity (3) and / or said detection means allow to control the ballast speed M during the passage of the density fluid Dl to the density fluid D2 and vice versa so that the change of the medium is carried out safely.
- the calculator of the fifth control means has a capacity to translate the setpoints makes it possible to define, in the first fluid, the initial time T0 for which the first means will be actuated and for which at least one ballast M will be released, the time TCL1 acceleration of at least one ballast M, the power redistributed to the network from the instant Tl at the end of the acceleration, the time TVC1 during which the speed of descent will be controlled by the third means to have a speed adapted to the power demanded by the network, the deceleration time TVD during which the speed of at least one ballast M will be adapted to cross the second fluid F2 safely, TCL2 acceleration time of at least one ballast M in the second fluid, the TVC2 time during which the lowering speed will be controlled by the third means to have a speed adapted to the power demanded by the network in the second fluid, a time TF during which speed will be driven to return to zero speed;
- the device further comprises a very fast recovery energy accumulator, said accumulator is placed between the generator and the network and provides power to the network during the latent time TCL1 and / or TCL2, said latency time being the time required for at least one ballast M to arrive at the desired speed V or V,
- said speed is less than 6 meters per second.
- the device comprises several weights of equal or different masses, stored at the top of the circulation cavity (2), said weights are put into action one after the other in the same circulation cavity, according to the electrical needs of the network (1 ), thus making it possible to increase the total redistributable energy and / or the instantaneous power supplied to the network, and / or said device furthermore comprises a plurality of circulation cavities (2), said cavities each comprise piloting means and at least one or more weights, said driving means are coordinated to provide a shorter response time and / or higher energy and / or greater instantaneous power to the network; the cavity (2) comprises at least three weights M1, M2, M3 of respective sections S21, S22, S33 spaced from each other by dl2, d13, and d23, said weights can move at the same time or so deferred in said cavity;
- the braking coefficient J4 is adapted so that the safety factor in the cavity (2) is greater than 0.7, preferably tends to 1, in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or approximation of the lower part PI, and / or said safety factor Q is less than 0.7 in normal operation and / or the coefficient of braking J5 is adapted so that the safety factor Q in this said lower part is sufficiently important in case of malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or approaching the lower part PI, preferably greater than or equal to 1, of such that said ballast M is braked before reaching the lower part PI;
- the cavity (2) further comprises at least two rail supports (11), preferably three rail supports (11), each rail support (11) comprising two rails or two rails fixed firmly to the internal structure of said cavity (2)
- the ballast further comprises at least two wheels, said wheels having an axis of rotation secured to the ballast and being able to move on at least one rail.
- the device further comprises at least 2 N cables, N being a natural integer, preferably 16 cables, connected to at least one load balancing balancer on all the cables, said lifter being connected to at least one mechanical means of hooking to release or maintain the balance of the rudder, said rudder and / or said mechanical means being guided by a set of at least 2 wheels;
- the device further comprises at least one mobile drum T on the platform.
- the cavity (2) is a substantially vertical mine pit or a natural or artificial basin.
- the device is coupled with a power plant such as an offshore or onshore wind power plant.
- a power plant such as an offshore or onshore wind power plant.
- the invention also makes it possible to solve the problems mentioned above by proposing a method of storage of recoverable energy with a high overall energy efficiency, making it possible to take electrical energy on a network (1) when it is abundant and available on this network. network (1), redistributing electrical energy to the network (1) when it needs it, said method for operating the device according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
- the cycle of accumulation and restitution of electrical energy can be controlled according to the following steps:
- step a) as soon as the electrical energy is abundant and available on the network, the second means increases the altitude of the ballast M in the main traffic axis or in another way by transforming the electrical energy of the network into energy potential of gravitation, if said abundant and available electrical energy allows it, the ballast M is raised to its maximum altitude, on the platform P2 for example, said ballast M thus having acquired a potential energy of gravitation, this said energy being able to be restituted in whole or in part later,
- step b) at least one weight M is maintained by the first means, for example on the platform P2 of the cavity (2), in a stable equilibrium position, at a given altitude, without loss of energy,
- step d) from this moment T1 the third means makes it possible to supply the network with the requested electrical power PU and this up to the instant T2, the speed of said ballast being adapted to provide the electrical power demanded by the network for example if the power demand is constant then the descent rate will be constant, the elapsed time between T2 and T1 being equal to TVC1,
- the sixth means detects the second fluid and the ballast movement is controlled for a period of time equal to TVD so that the speed at time T3 is adapted to allow the ballast to cross the second fluid safely, preferably at a speed V3 less than V at time T3.
- step g) from this moment T4 the third means supplied to the network (1) the requested electrical power PU 'and this up to the instant T5, the speed of said ballast being adapted to supply the power demanded by the network, for example, if the power demand is constant, then the speed of descent will be constant, the time elapsed between T5 and T4 being equal to TVC2,
- the fourth means and the sixth means detect the lower part of the cavity (2) and / or the cavity (3) and the ballast movement is controlled for a period of time equal to TF so that the speed of said ballast at time T6 becomes zero,
- step i) when several cycles of electricity production to the network have been made and as soon as electricity is abundant and available on the network, we return to step a).
- said method comprises at least two weights M1, M2, the first ballast M1 is released first, the second ballast is released with a delay delta t with respect to the first ballast and in that the total power supplied by said ballast method can be regulated according to the needs of the network (1), in particular the total power can remain almost constant, whatever the movement of one of the weights, such as stopping and / or deceleration and / or the acceleration and / or uniform rectilinear motion and during the ascent of a ballast.
- ballast M it is advantageous for said method to allow the ballast M to regulate and / or to slow down its movement in the event of a malfunction and / or excessive speed and / or bringing the lower part PI closer together in the following manner:
- the pressure PA in normal operation the pressure PA is substantially equal to the pressure PB, the safety factor Q is less than 0.7 and the braking coefficient is adapted as a function of the safety factor and the ballast speed M.
- the pressure PB is different from the pressure PA, preferably greater than the pressure PA, and / or when the safety factor Q tends towards 1 during the abnormal operation, preferably greater than 0.7, the fluid F1 and / or F2 present in the orifice (6) exerts a strong thrust force on the means (7),
- the means (7) moves towards the outside of the orifice causing an increase in the safety factor Q and the braking coefficient J and / or J1 and / or J2 and / or J3, preferably a lower braking coefficient or equal to 1, followed by a decrease in the ballast speed M, when the ballast speed returns to normal and / or when the pressure PA becomes substantially equal to the pressure PB, the means (7) returns to its initial position and the ballast M can produce a nominal power to the network or rest safely in the lower part PI forming the bottom of the cavity (2) and / or (3).
- the movement of the ballast M is governed in the first fluid by three types of movements between T0 and T3:
- the movement of the ballast M is also governed by three types of movements between T3 and T6:
- the energy storage device uses simple techniques and means. So we see that it is possible to industrialize a device and define a process to store a large amount of energy when it is abundant and cheap on a network and redistribute with great speed and a great power to the network when it needs it, and this, at low cost and in an ecological way.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2013223950A AU2013223950A1 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-07 | Device and method for the eco-friendly storage of recoverable electrical energy with high overall energy efficiency |
CN201380010696.XA CN104136774A (zh) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-07 | 用于具有高总能量效率的可回收电能的生态友好存储的装置和方法 |
EP13715255.9A EP2817513A1 (fr) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-07 | Dispositif et procédé de stockage écologique d'énergie électrique récupérable à haut rendement énergétique global |
US14/374,981 US20150048622A1 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-07 | Device and method for green storage of recoverable electric energy with high overall efficiency |
BR112014020768A BR112014020768A2 (pt) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-07 | dispositivo e processo de estocagem ecológica de energia elétrica recuperável com elevado rendimento energético global |
CA2863473A CA2863473A1 (fr) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-07 | Dispositif et procede de stockage ecologique d'energie electrique recuperable a haut rendement energetique global |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1200551A FR2987516B1 (fr) | 2012-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | Dispositif et procede permettant d'accumuler et de recuperer de l'energie |
FR1200551 | 2012-02-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2013124548A1 true WO2013124548A1 (fr) | 2013-08-29 |
Family
ID=48083440
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2013/000038 WO2013124548A1 (fr) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-07 | Dispositif et procédé de stockage écologique d'énergie électrique récupérable à haut rendement énergétique global |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150048622A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2817513A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN104136774A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2013223950A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112014020768A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2863473A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2987516B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013124548A1 (fr) |
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US11492874B2 (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2022-11-08 | Renewell Energy | Well-based potential energy conversion systems and methods |
PL442507A1 (pl) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-04-15 | Politechnika Śląska | Grawitacyjny magazyn energii i sposób akumulacji energii |
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KR101395335B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-05-16 | 주식회사 효성 | 에너지 저장장치를 이용한 비상발전기의 운전방법 |
FR3016930B1 (fr) * | 2014-01-28 | 2016-02-05 | Christophe Stevens | Systeme de stockage et generation d'energie electrique pour milieu aquatique |
US10138875B2 (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2018-11-27 | James Francis Kellinger | Gravity field energy storage and recovery system |
WO2017151512A1 (fr) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-08 | Advanced Rail Energy Storage, L.L.C. | Système de stockage d'énergie electrique à entraînement par câble de ligne de crête |
KR20210065929A (ko) * | 2018-07-19 | 2021-06-04 | 에너지 볼트 인코포레이티드 | 에너지 저장 시스템 및 방법 |
CN110454339A (zh) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-11-15 | 皇甫欢宇 | 一种具有流体调压作用的惯性储能装置及储能方法 |
US10784744B2 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-09-22 | Russell Wayne Crawford | Gravity line power generation system including an overhead trolley mechanism to harvest kinetic energy from a wheeled vehicle moving down a slope |
CN109665430A (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-23 | 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司 | 一种基于矿井立井筒、提升、运输系统的重力储能系统 |
GB2578805B (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-23 | Gravitricity Ltd | Gravity-Based energy storage system |
DE102019212059A1 (de) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-18 | Delta Energy Gmbh & Co. Kg 1 | System und Verfahren zur Speicherung und Abgabe von Energie |
KR20220129574A (ko) | 2020-01-22 | 2022-09-23 | 에너지 볼트 인코포레이티드 | 댐핑 셀프-센터링 메커니즘을 포함하는 그래버 |
US11855457B2 (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2023-12-26 | Terrament, Inc. | Modular gravitational energy storage systems |
AU2021300457A1 (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2023-02-02 | Energy Vault, Inc. | Energy storage and delivery system and method |
CN112814858A (zh) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-18 | 高拓石油天然气技术(上海)有限责任公司 | 一种基于重力势能的储能发电方法及储能发电塔 |
EP4288369A1 (fr) | 2021-02-02 | 2023-12-13 | Energy Vault, Inc. | Système de stockage d'énergie avec système de levage à ascenseur |
CN116262588A (zh) | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-16 | 能源库公司 | 能量储存和输送系统及方法 |
US11658512B1 (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2023-05-23 | Anthony Nicholas Lusich | Energy storage system using earth materials |
CN114784984A (zh) * | 2022-04-16 | 2022-07-22 | 郑澜涛 | 一种重力储能系统 |
CN115108420B (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-06-09 | 中国天楹股份有限公司 | 一种重力储能系统动机构运动控制方法 |
US11982261B1 (en) | 2023-04-10 | 2024-05-14 | Energy Vault, Inc. | Energy storage and delivery system and method |
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- 2013-02-07 AU AU2013223950A patent/AU2013223950A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-02-07 CN CN201380010696.XA patent/CN104136774A/zh active Pending
- 2013-02-07 BR BR112014020768A patent/BR112014020768A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-02-07 EP EP13715255.9A patent/EP2817513A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-02-07 US US14/374,981 patent/US20150048622A1/en not_active Abandoned
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PL442507A1 (pl) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-04-15 | Politechnika Śląska | Grawitacyjny magazyn energii i sposób akumulacji energii |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2863473A1 (fr) | 2013-08-29 |
CN104136774A (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
AU2013223950A8 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
AU2013223950A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
US20150048622A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
BR112014020768A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
FR2987516B1 (fr) | 2014-02-28 |
FR2987516A1 (fr) | 2013-08-30 |
EP2817513A1 (fr) | 2014-12-31 |
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