WO2013121165A1 - Apparatus and method for determining an analyte in a gas sample - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for determining an analyte in a gas sample Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013121165A1
WO2013121165A1 PCT/GB2013/000007 GB2013000007W WO2013121165A1 WO 2013121165 A1 WO2013121165 A1 WO 2013121165A1 GB 2013000007 W GB2013000007 W GB 2013000007W WO 2013121165 A1 WO2013121165 A1 WO 2013121165A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
analyte
gas
vapour
concentration
sample
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Application number
PCT/GB2013/000007
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French (fr)
Inventor
Jonathan Mcneill Flint
Original Assignee
Smiths Medical International Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smiths Medical International Limited filed Critical Smiths Medical International Limited
Publication of WO2013121165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013121165A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
    • G01N33/0018—Sample conditioning by diluting a gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
    • G01N33/0021—Sample conditioning involving the use of a carrier gas for transport to the sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display
    • G01N33/0063—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display using a threshold to release an alarm or displaying means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus of the kind for providing an indication of the concentration of an analyte in a gas or vapour sample including means for supplying the sample containing the analyte to detector means, the detector means being arranged to provide an output indication when the amount of analyte in the sample exceeds a threshold.
  • Detectors with greater numbers of elements enable a greater number of analytes to be detected reliably.
  • the Cyranose 320 detector sold by Smiths Detection, Inc has an array of thirty two elements and can be trained to recognise many different substances.
  • chemiresistor elements selected to have a relatively high response to the particular analyte.
  • These detectors can be used in various applications other than medical applications.
  • These chemiresistor analyte detectors can be very effective at identifying specific analytes. They are, however, less effective at providing an accurate quantitative indication of the concentration or amount of an analyte in a specific sample.
  • apparatus of the above-specified kind, characterised in that the apparatus includes means for mixing the analyte gas or vapour sample with a reference gas or vapour free from the analyte, and means for varying the concentration of analyte gas or vapour in the mixture and identifying when a threshold indication is produced thereby to provide an indication of the concentration of the analyte in the sample.
  • the detector means preferably includes a plurality of chemiresistor elements.
  • the means for mixing may include a mixer with a first inlet connected to receive the gas or vapour sample, a second inlet connected to receive the reference gas or vapour, an outlet connected to an inlet of the detector means and a connection between the detector means and the mixer by which the concentration of the mixture of the gas or vapour supplied to the first and second inlets is varied for supply to the inlet of the detector means.
  • the reference gas or vapour may be provided by a source being one of the following: a container of compressed gas or vapour, a hospital oxygen or air supply, and filtered ambient air.
  • the apparatus may be arranged such that the mixing means varies the concentration of analyte gas or vapour until the concentration passes a threshold level at which the analyte can be detected and that the concentration of analyte in the sample is derived from knowledge of the concentration of the mixture equivalent to the threshold level.
  • the mixing means may vary the concentration of the analyte gas or vapour in discrete steps or continuously and gradually.
  • a method of providing a quantitative indication of the relative amount of an analyte in a sample including the step of providing a sample of a gas or vapour containing the analyte to detection means operable to detect the presence of the analyte above a threshold concentration, characterised in that, in response to detection of the analyte by the detection means, the analyte sample is mixed with a reference gas or vapour free from the analyte in varying concentrations so as to determine the concentrations above and below the threshold, and that an indication of the relative amount of analyte in the sample is thereby provided.
  • Figure 1 shows the apparatus schematically
  • Figure 2 is a chart illustrating operation of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus includes a conventional chemiresistor detector unit 1, such as of the kind sold by Smiths Detection under the name Cyranose 320, including an array of thirty two . detection elements 10 based on mixtures of polymers and conductive material.
  • the detector unit 1 is programmed to detect the presence of one or more specific analytes from the pattern of outputs produced from the element array 10.
  • the detector 1 produces an output indication to utilisation means, such as a display 2, to indicate the presence of the analyte when the concentration of the analyte exceeds a threshold at which the recognition processing output exceeds a predetermined confidence level.
  • the detector unit 1 is modified to produce a control output on line 3 when the analyte is detected.
  • This control output is used, effectively, slightly to dilute the analyte gas sample supplied to the detector.
  • This is achieved by connecting a variable gas mixer 4 to the inlet of the detector unit 1.
  • the mixer 4 has two inlets, one of which 5 connects with the analyte sampling inlet 6, which is connected with, or is held up to, the source of the suspected analyte.
  • the outlet 9 of the mixer 4 connects with the inlet 1 1 of the detector unit 1. Gas is drawn into the detector unit 1 by means of a pump in the detector unit.
  • the other inlet 7 extends to a source 8 of gas or vapour that is known to be free from the analyte.
  • This source 8 could be provided by a container of a compressed gas or vapour or, in a hospital environment, it could be connected to the hospital oxygen or air supply. Alternatively, the source 8 could be provided by ambient air away from the suspected analyte source and could be filtered such as by means of a molecular sieve.
  • the mixer 4 is connected to line 3 and controlled in a variable manner by signals supplied from the detector unit 1.
  • the mixer 4 In normal operation, when no analyte is detected, the mixer 4 is switched to close or isolate the reference inlet 7 so that the detector unit 1 is supplied exclusively with the nominal analyte gas sample from inlet 6, that is, at its maximum possible concentration.
  • the detector unit I When the level of analyte in the gas sampled at the inlet 6 exceeds a threshold level, the detector unit I provides an output indication to the display 2 to indicate the presence of the analyte.
  • the detector unit 1 also supplies an output signal on line 3 to the mixer 4 to open the reference inlet 7 and admit an amount of reference gas to dilute the analyte gas sample from inlet 6.
  • Figure 2 shows one way in which this dilution could be arranged, that is, by progressively opening the reference inlet 7, gradually to admit more of the reference gas or vapour so that the mixture gradually becomes less concentrated.
  • Column A indicates the initial state where the detector unit 1 is supplied with 100% gas from the analyte inlet 6, which has an analyte concentration above the threshold indicated by the broken horizontal line.
  • Columns B to F indicate subsequent dilutions of the analyte gas flow with the reference gas in discrete 10% steps.
  • column B shows where the gas supplied to the detector inlet 1 1 is made up of 90% analyte-containing gas from the inlet 6 plus 10% of analyte-free gas from the source 8.
  • the dilutions E and F at 60% and 50% respectively are both below the threshold level so the gas mixture at these concentrations cannot be detected by the detector unit 1.
  • the dilution D, however, at 70% is just above the threshold level so can be detected. This indicates that the concentration of the analyte in the sample gas is such that it passes the threshold level when between a dilution of 60% and 70%.
  • the mixer 4 need not be controlled to reduce the concentration progressively in the manner described above but could instead, for example, change concentration between levels on either side of the threshold such as: 100%, 50%, 90%, 60%, 80%, 70%, 65%. Instead of stepwise changes in concentration, the change could be gradual and continuous.
  • the detector unit 1 converts the mixed gas concentration estimate to a figure for the concentration of analyte in the sample gas stream. This may be done by use of a look-up table or algorithm using information about the concentration of analyte equivalent to the threshold level obtained during set up of the detector unit I when the level of analyte is gradually increased until the threshold is triggered.
  • Alternative ways of varying the concentration of the analyte sample gas with an ambient or reference gas include drawing the gas into the detector in a pulsed fashion where it mixes with ambient air within the detector. By altering the frequency or length of the pulses, the amount of analyte sample gas mixed with a reference or ambient gas can be varied in a controlled manner.
  • the present invention enables a more accurate quantitative measurement of analyte concentration. This can be particularly useful in medical applications where the detector is employed to detect particular analytes in a patient's breath indicative of the presence of a disease.
  • the quantitative measurement possible could enable a more accurate assessment of the severity or progress of a disease and could enable changes in the state of the disease over time to be monitored more reliably.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A gas or vapour detector (1) with a chemiresistor array (10) has an inlet (11) connected to the outlet of a mixer (4). The mixer (4) has one inlet (5) exposed to a gas or vapour sample containing an analyte. The second inlet (7) of the mixer is connected to a source (8) of a reference gas or vapour free from the analyte. The second inlet (7) is normally closed so that the detector (1) is supplied exclusively with gas from the inlet (5). When the detector (1) detects an analyte present at a concentration above a threshold level it sends a control output via line (3) to the mixer (4). This signal causes the mixer (4) to open the second inlet (7) progressively, gradually to admit more of the reference gas or vapour so that the mixture supplied to the detector gradually becomes less concentrated with the analyte until it falls below the detection threshold and can no longer be detected. The concentration of the sample and reference gas mixture at which the threshold is passed is compared with information obtained during set up of the detector so that an indication can be provided of the concentration of the analyte in the sample. A method using the detector can be the analysis of breath indicative of the presence of a disease of a patient.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING AN ANALYTE IN A GAS SAMPLE
This invention relates to apparatus of the kind for providing an indication of the concentration of an analyte in a gas or vapour sample including means for supplying the sample containing the analyte to detector means, the detector means being arranged to provide an output indication when the amount of analyte in the sample exceeds a threshold.
It is well known that certain diseases and medical conditions can be detected by analysing the breath exhaled by a person or animal. This breath analysis can be carried out in various ways such as using gas chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry or by means of an array of vapour-sensitive resistive elements in a device known as an ENOSE® (ENOSE is a Registered Trade Mark of Smiths Detection, Inc). These detectors employ an array of two or more chemiresistor elements made up of a nonconductive material such as a polymer incorporating a conductive material such as fine particles or nanoparticles of carbon. When the elements are exposed to a vapour, the vapour permeates the polymer causing it to expand and thereby increasing the resistance of the element. By measuring the change in resistance of elements made of different materials it is possible to identify specific substances. Detectors with greater numbers of elements enable a greater number of analytes to be detected reliably. The Cyranose 320 detector sold by Smiths Detection, Inc has an array of thirty two elements and can be trained to recognise many different substances. Details of this form of detector are given, for example, in US6746960, US6537498, US5571401, US5698089, US5788833, US591 1872, US6093308, US6331244, US6010616, US6017440, US5959191, US5891398, US6013229, US6752964, US6244096, US6467333, US6319724, US6841391, US6571603, US71 13069, US7471185, US6290911, US6085576, US6234006, US6418783, US6883364, US6170318, US6387329, US6759010, US7144553, US6610367, US7527821, US7255677, US7819803 and US7129095. Where a detector is required only to identify one specific analyte it may be sufficient to employ a fewer number of chemiresistor elements selected to have a relatively high response to the particular analyte. These detectors can be used in various applications other than medical applications. These chemiresistor analyte detectors can be very effective at identifying specific analytes. They are, however, less effective at providing an accurate quantitative indication of the concentration or amount of an analyte in a specific sample.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative apparatus and method for use in detecting gas or vapour analytes.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus of the above-specified kind, characterised in that the apparatus includes means for mixing the analyte gas or vapour sample with a reference gas or vapour free from the analyte, and means for varying the concentration of analyte gas or vapour in the mixture and identifying when a threshold indication is produced thereby to provide an indication of the concentration of the analyte in the sample.
The detector means preferably includes a plurality of chemiresistor elements. The means for mixing may include a mixer with a first inlet connected to receive the gas or vapour sample, a second inlet connected to receive the reference gas or vapour, an outlet connected to an inlet of the detector means and a connection between the detector means and the mixer by which the concentration of the mixture of the gas or vapour supplied to the first and second inlets is varied for supply to the inlet of the detector means. The reference gas or vapour may be provided by a source being one of the following: a container of compressed gas or vapour, a hospital oxygen or air supply, and filtered ambient air. The apparatus may be arranged such that the mixing means varies the concentration of analyte gas or vapour until the concentration passes a threshold level at which the analyte can be detected and that the concentration of analyte in the sample is derived from knowledge of the concentration of the mixture equivalent to the threshold level. The mixing means may vary the concentration of the analyte gas or vapour in discrete steps or continuously and gradually.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of providing a quantitative indication of the relative amount of an analyte in a sample, including the step of providing a sample of a gas or vapour containing the analyte to detection means operable to detect the presence of the analyte above a threshold concentration, characterised in that, in response to detection of the analyte by the detection means, the analyte sample is mixed with a reference gas or vapour free from the analyte in varying concentrations so as to determine the concentrations above and below the threshold, and that an indication of the relative amount of analyte in the sample is thereby provided.
Detection apparatus and its method of operation, in accordance with the present invention, will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing', in which:
Figure 1 shows the apparatus schematically; and
Figure 2 is a chart illustrating operation of the apparatus.
The apparatus includes a conventional chemiresistor detector unit 1, such as of the kind sold by Smiths Detection under the name Cyranose 320, including an array of thirty two . detection elements 10 based on mixtures of polymers and conductive material. The detector unit 1 is programmed to detect the presence of one or more specific analytes from the pattern of outputs produced from the element array 10. In particular, the detector 1 produces an output indication to utilisation means, such as a display 2, to indicate the presence of the analyte when the concentration of the analyte exceeds a threshold at which the recognition processing output exceeds a predetermined confidence level.
The detector unit 1 is modified to produce a control output on line 3 when the analyte is detected. This control output is used, effectively, slightly to dilute the analyte gas sample supplied to the detector. This is achieved by connecting a variable gas mixer 4 to the inlet of the detector unit 1. The mixer 4 has two inlets, one of which 5 connects with the analyte sampling inlet 6, which is connected with, or is held up to, the source of the suspected analyte. The outlet 9 of the mixer 4 connects with the inlet 1 1 of the detector unit 1. Gas is drawn into the detector unit 1 by means of a pump in the detector unit. The other inlet 7 extends to a source 8 of gas or vapour that is known to be free from the analyte. This source 8 could be provided by a container of a compressed gas or vapour or, in a hospital environment, it could be connected to the hospital oxygen or air supply. Alternatively, the source 8 could be provided by ambient air away from the suspected analyte source and could be filtered such as by means of a molecular sieve. The mixer 4 is connected to line 3 and controlled in a variable manner by signals supplied from the detector unit 1.
In normal operation, when no analyte is detected, the mixer 4 is switched to close or isolate the reference inlet 7 so that the detector unit 1 is supplied exclusively with the nominal analyte gas sample from inlet 6, that is, at its maximum possible concentration. When the level of analyte in the gas sampled at the inlet 6 exceeds a threshold level, the detector unit I provides an output indication to the display 2 to indicate the presence of the analyte. The detector unit 1 also supplies an output signal on line 3 to the mixer 4 to open the reference inlet 7 and admit an amount of reference gas to dilute the analyte gas sample from inlet 6. Figure 2 shows one way in which this dilution could be arranged, that is, by progressively opening the reference inlet 7, gradually to admit more of the reference gas or vapour so that the mixture gradually becomes less concentrated. Column A indicates the initial state where the detector unit 1 is supplied with 100% gas from the analyte inlet 6, which has an analyte concentration above the threshold indicated by the broken horizontal line. Columns B to F indicate subsequent dilutions of the analyte gas flow with the reference gas in discrete 10% steps. For example, column B shows where the gas supplied to the detector inlet 1 1 is made up of 90% analyte-containing gas from the inlet 6 plus 10% of analyte-free gas from the source 8. It can be seen that the dilutions E and F at 60% and 50% respectively are both below the threshold level so the gas mixture at these concentrations cannot be detected by the detector unit 1. The dilution D, however, at 70% is just above the threshold level so can be detected. This indicates that the concentration of the analyte in the sample gas is such that it passes the threshold level when between a dilution of 60% and 70%. It will be appreciated that the mixer 4 need not be controlled to reduce the concentration progressively in the manner described above but could instead, for example, change concentration between levels on either side of the threshold such as: 100%, 50%, 90%, 60%, 80%, 70%, 65%. Instead of stepwise changes in concentration, the change could be gradual and continuous.
The detector unit 1 converts the mixed gas concentration estimate to a figure for the concentration of analyte in the sample gas stream. This may be done by use of a look-up table or algorithm using information about the concentration of analyte equivalent to the threshold level obtained during set up of the detector unit I when the level of analyte is gradually increased until the threshold is triggered.
Alternative ways of varying the concentration of the analyte sample gas with an ambient or reference gas include drawing the gas into the detector in a pulsed fashion where it mixes with ambient air within the detector. By altering the frequency or length of the pulses, the amount of analyte sample gas mixed with a reference or ambient gas can be varied in a controlled manner.
The present invention enables a more accurate quantitative measurement of analyte concentration. This can be particularly useful in medical applications where the detector is employed to detect particular analytes in a patient's breath indicative of the presence of a disease. The quantitative measurement possible could enable a more accurate assessment of the severity or progress of a disease and could enable changes in the state of the disease over time to be monitored more reliably.
Although the invention is particularly useful for chemiresistor array detectors it could also be used in other detectors.

Claims

1. Apparatus for providing an indication of the concentration of an analyte in a gas or vapour sample including means for supplying the sample containing the analyte to detector means (1), the detector means (1) being arranged to provide an output indication when the amount of analyte in the sample exceeds a threshold, characterised in that the apparatus includes means (4) for mixing the analyte gas or vapour sample with a reference gas or vapour free from the analyte, and means (1, 3, 4) for varying the concentration of analyte gas or vapour in the mixture and identifying when a threshold indication is produced thereby to provide an indication of the concentration of the analyte in the sample.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that the detector means (1) includes a plurality of chemiresistor elements (10).
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the means for mixing
includes a mixer (4) with a first inlet (5) connected to receive the gas or vapour sample, a second inlet (7) connected to receive the reference gas or vapour, an outlet (9) connected to an inlet (1 1) of the detector means (1) and a connection (3) between the detector means (1) and the mixer (4) by which the concentration of the mixture of the gas or vapour supplied to the first and second inlets (5 and 7) is varied for supply to the inlet (1 1) of the detector means (1).
4. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the
reference gas or vapour is provided a source (8) being one of the following: a container of compressed gas or vapour, a hospital oxygen or air supply, and filtered ambient air.
5. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the
apparatus is arranged such that the mixing means (4) varies the concentration of analyte gas or vapour until the concentration passes a threshold level at which the analyte can be detected and that the concentration of analyte in the sample is derived from knowledge of the concentration of the mixture equivalent to the threshold level.
6. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mixing means (4) varies the concentration of the analyte gas or vapour in discrete steps.
7. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the mixing means (4) varies the concentration of the analyte gas or vapour continuously and gradually.
8. A method of providing a quantitative indication of the relative amount of an analyte in a sample, including the step of providing a sample of a gas or vapour containing the analyte to detection means (1) operable to detect the presence of the analyte above a threshold concentration, characterised in that, in response to detection of the analyte by the detection means (1), the analyte sample is mixed with a reference gas or vapour free from the analyte in varying concentrations so as to determine the concentrations above and below the threshold, and that an indication of the relative amount of analyte in the sample is thereby provided.
PCT/GB2013/000007 2012-02-16 2013-01-07 Apparatus and method for determining an analyte in a gas sample WO2013121165A1 (en)

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GBGB1202649.8A GB201202649D0 (en) 2012-02-16 2012-02-16 Apparatus and methods

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016177811A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Carefusion Germany 234 Gmbh Breath gas analysis systems and methods

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0477577A2 (en) * 1990-09-27 1992-04-01 Drägerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Method for monitoring the concentration of a gaseous component in a closed space
US5487312A (en) * 1993-10-08 1996-01-30 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Gas analyzer with regulated measurement gas feed and dynamic dilution of samples
US5627307A (en) * 1995-11-20 1997-05-06 Fortec Co., Ltd. Method for measuring intensity index of odor
DE19962589A1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2001-07-19 Abb Patent Gmbh Method and device for measuring a proportion of a measuring gas

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0477577A2 (en) * 1990-09-27 1992-04-01 Drägerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Method for monitoring the concentration of a gaseous component in a closed space
US5487312A (en) * 1993-10-08 1996-01-30 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Gas analyzer with regulated measurement gas feed and dynamic dilution of samples
US5627307A (en) * 1995-11-20 1997-05-06 Fortec Co., Ltd. Method for measuring intensity index of odor
DE19962589A1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2001-07-19 Abb Patent Gmbh Method and device for measuring a proportion of a measuring gas

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016177811A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Carefusion Germany 234 Gmbh Breath gas analysis systems and methods
US10527606B2 (en) 2015-05-05 2020-01-07 Vyaire Medical Gmbh Breath gas analysis systems and methods
EP3734275A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2020-11-04 Vyaire Medical GmbH Breath gas analysis systems and methods
US10883979B2 (en) 2015-05-05 2021-01-05 Vyaire Medical Gmbh Breath gas analysis systems and methods
US11635425B2 (en) 2015-05-05 2023-04-25 Vyaire Medical Gmbh Breath gas analysis systems and methods

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