WO2013120994A1 - Leiterplattenanordnung zur speisung von antennen über ein dreileitersystem zur anregung unterschiedlicher polarisationen - Google Patents
Leiterplattenanordnung zur speisung von antennen über ein dreileitersystem zur anregung unterschiedlicher polarisationen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013120994A1 WO2013120994A1 PCT/EP2013/053077 EP2013053077W WO2013120994A1 WO 2013120994 A1 WO2013120994 A1 WO 2013120994A1 EP 2013053077 W EP2013053077 W EP 2013053077W WO 2013120994 A1 WO2013120994 A1 WO 2013120994A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- patch
- circuit board
- board assembly
- antenna
- printed circuit
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
Definitions
- Circuit board arrangement for feeding antennas via a three-conductor system for exciting different
- the invention relates to a printed circuit board arrangement having at least one amplifier unit and at least two antenna elements, which are fed via a three-conductor system and preferably in the frequency range for
- Millimeter waves work.
- the arrangement is suitable for use in antenna arrays with several hundred or a thousand antennas, which are able to radiate different mutually orthogonal polarizations.
- Circuit board assemblies which are used in said environment, serve different
- the printed circuit board assemblies should be such that the overall system can be constructed as compact as possible and the space required, respectively the associated costs are reduced to a minimum.
- Microstrip lines are arranged perpendicular to each other to maximize mutual decoupling
- Millimeter wave range is suitable.
- the invention may be used for use in antenna arrays having several hundred or a thousand antennas capable of different orthogonal ones
- the circuit board assembly according to the invention is used for electrically connecting an amplifier unit
- the at least two antenna elements are coupled via a three-conductor system to the amplifier unit, wherein the three-conductor system of three parallel to each other applied to the circuit board assembly or in the circuit board assembly
- Antenna elements is because in this case, both a horizontal, as well as a vertical, as well as a left or right-handed circular polarization is possible. Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous for the at least two antenna elements to be connected by means of a three-conductor system the amplifier unit are coupled.
- Three-conductor system which consists of three mutually parallel conductor tracks and can lead to two mutually orthogonal modes, namely allows a very compact structure of the entire circuit board assembly.
- the at least two antenna elements are slot antennas and if each slot antenna is formed by a respective recess on a second metal layer of the printed circuit board assembly and / or if the two recesses of the
- Circuit board assembly an advantage when the part of the first recess which forms the first antenna element is preferably orthogonal to the part of the second recess which forms the second antenna element, whereby the first antenna element orthogonal to the second
- Antenna element is aligned, and / or if the first antenna element has the same shape and the same length as the second antenna element. Due to the fact that the two antenna elements are preferably oriented orthogonally with respect to one another, it is possible for them to be aligned with one another
- Coupled circuit board assembly in addition, in the inventive
- Printed circuit board assembly an advantage when a first patch is formed on a third metal layer, which is disposed above the two antenna elements, or when on a first metal layer, which is arranged below the two antenna elements, a first patch
- Circuit board assembly exists when the first patch the
- This embodiment of the first patch results in that the electromagnetic wave can be optimally radiated.
- PCB assembly an advantage when above the first patch, above the at least two
- Antenna elements is arranged, a second patch is arranged, wherein the two patches are separated from each other and from the at least two antenna elements by a respective dielectrics.
- Using a second patch increases the usable bandwidth.
- a closed metal layer which acts as a reflector. This allows the
- Directional effect of the antenna arrangement can be improved.
- Circuit board assembly an advantage when in the first substrate of the circuit board assembly, which the
- Amplifier unit is able to signal each one the two outer conductors with the center conductor as
- Circuit board arrangement an advantage when the at least two antenna elements are formed on the circuit board assembly and aligned orthogonal to each other.
- the two antenna elements do not necessarily have to be aligned exactly orthogonal to one another.
- Deviations from a 90 ° angle are also allowed.
- FIG. 1A an antenna of an exemplary embodiment with two
- Fig. 1B shows an antenna of an embodiment with two
- Fig. IC is an exemplary exemplary construction of an MMIC amplifier unit for exciting a
- Fig. 2A an embodiment of the invention
- Antenna elements powered by a three-wire system and having a first patch
- Fig. 2B shows another embodiment of
- Circuit board assembly which comprises two antenna elements, the one of
- Fig. 2C is another embodiment of the
- a printed circuit board assembly which comprises two antenna elements, which are fed by a three-conductor system, and a downwardly radiating first patch;
- Fig. 3A is a plan view of the first and second
- 3B is a further plan view of the first, second and third metal layers of an embodiment of the printed circuit board assembly according to the invention.
- 3C is another plan view of the first, second, third and fourth metal layers of a
- Printed circuit board assembly; 4A is a further plan view of the first, second, third and fourth metal layers of
- 4B is another plan view of the first, second, third and fourth metal layers of a
- Circuit board arrangement wherein the operation of the patch at a circular left or
- Fig. 1A shows an antenna with two ports, which is excited by an amplifier unit 1 via a three-conductor system 2 with a horizontal or vertical polarization.
- the amplifier unit 1 is preferably an MMIC amplifier unit 1 (monolithic microwave integrated circuit)
- the three-conductor system 2 it is preferable to have three parallel lines, whereby voltages are preferably carried on the two lines 3i, 32, which may differ in magnitude and phase.
- the third line 33 serves as reference ground and is also called center conductor 3 3 and serves as a common conductor for the two lines 3i, 32 ⁇
- FIG. 1A shows that a first line 3i of the three-conductor system 2 is connected to the connection port 1 of the antenna 4.
- a second line 32 connects the
- the third line 3 3 is the ground line, which is also led to the antenna 4.
- the antenna 4 in FIG. 1A radiates both a horizontal polarization and a vertical polarization.
- the solid arrows in FIG. 1A indicate two voltages which Although the same amplitude U have their phase, however, is different by 180 °.
- the antenna 4 radiates a vertically polarized in such a line occupancy
- the antenna 4 voltages are supplied, which are equal in both their amplitude and with respect to their phase position.
- the antenna 4 then emits a horizontally polarized electromagnetic field.
- the structures of the antenna 4 and the amplifier unit 1 shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C are completely imaged on the printed circuit board arrangement 5 according to the invention, as will be explained below.
- Fig. 1B shows an antenna 4 with two ports, which is excited by an amplifier unit 1 via a three-conductor system 2 with a circular polarization.
- a voltage is applied to the first line 3i and the second line 32 constituting the two outer lines of the three-conductor system 2.
- the amplitude of these two voltages generated by the amplifier unit 1 is the same.
- the phase of the voltage applied to the first line 3i is, however, shifted by -90 ° with respect to the phase of the voltage applied to the second line 32 voltage.
- the antenna 4 radiates a levorotatory circular
- Fig. 1B Facts are shown by the dashed arrows in Fig. 1B. It is also possible that the voltage on the first line 3i is shifted by + 90 ° with respect to the voltage on the second line 32. In this case, the antenna 4 radiates a clockwise circularly polarized electromagnetic field. This situation is shown in Fig. 1B by the solid arrows.
- Phase shift of -90 ° or a phase shift of + 90 ° an electromagnetic field is emitted by the antenna 4, which has either a circular left-handed or a circular clockwise polarization.
- the antenna 4 emits an electromagnetic field having either left-handed or right-handed elliptical polarization.
- the amplifier unit 1 can generate voltages which have a different phase position and / or a different amplitude and that these different voltages on the first line 3i and the second line 32 with the line 3 3 can be supplied as the reference ground of the antenna 4, become
- Amplifier unit 1 is constructed according to the MMIC principle, because thereby the phase and / or amplitude adjustment via a three-wire system 2 in a small footprint cost-effective, eg in SiGe technology can be produced.
- Fig. IC shows an exemplary structure of a
- Amplifier unit 1 for the excitation of an antenna 4 with horizontal or vertical or circular or
- the amplifier unit 1 has on the output side five connection ports, which as
- Bond pads (pads) 6i, 6 2 , 6 3 , 64 and 6 5 are executed.
- the bond pads 61, 6 3 , and 65 are grounded
- the first line 3i by means of a bonding process by bonding wires with the
- Bond spot 6 2 connected.
- the second line 3 2 is connected to the bonding pad 64.
- the third line 3 3 is connected to the bonding pad 6 3 .
- a high-frequency signal to be amplified is supplied to a 3dB coupler 7 within the amplifier unit 1. This 3dB coupler shares that
- a first output signal is via a first
- High frequency amplifier 8 1 amplified, whereas a second output signal via a second
- High frequency amplifier 8 2 is amplified.
- Amplification factor of the first high-frequency amplifier 8 1 are set freely. The same applies to the
- High-frequency amplifier 8 1 is a first
- Phase shifter 9i supplied. The output of the first
- Phase shifter 9i is connected to the second bonding pad 6 2 , which in turn is connected to the first line 3i
- Radio frequency amplifier 8 2 is applied to the input of a second phase shifter 9 2 .
- the output of the second phase shifter 9 2 is connected to the fourth bonding pad 64, which in turn is connected to the second line 3 2 .
- Phase shifter 9 2 the phase of the high-frequency signal to be amplified can be set arbitrarily. Phase shifts of 0 °, -90 °, 90 ° and 180 ° are preferably set.
- the first phase shifter 9i and the second phase shifter 9 2 can be constructed for example by capacitances and inductances, by which the
- Phase shift is adjustable. Thereby can
- High frequency signals can be adjusted so accurately that even non-ideal effects, e.g. can be attributed to asymmetries of the line structures which have arisen during the processing of the multilayer.
- Fig. 2A shows an embodiment of the
- Circuit board assembly 5 which comprises a plurality of antenna elements 4i, 4 2 and a first patch 21
- the printed circuit board assembly 5 comprises four metal layers 22i, 222, 22 3 , 224.
- the first metal layer 22 ⁇ and the second metal layer 222 are located at the
- first substrate 23i Bottom or at the top of a first substrate 23i.
- first substrate 23i is a dielectric that electrically isolates the first metal layer 22 ⁇ of the second metal layer 222nd.
- Metal layer 22 3 and the fourth metal layer 224 are located on the lower side or on the upper side of a second substrate 2 32 - the first substrate 23i and the second
- Substrate 2 32 should have dielectric constants suitable for high frequencies in the millimeter-wave range.
- the first substrate 23i which is the first
- Metal layer 22i and the second metal layer 222 is, from the second substrate 2 32, which is the third
- Metal layer 223 and the fourth metal layer 22 4 separated by an intermediate layer 24.
- preimpregnated fibers having similar dielectric properties as the first substrate 23i and the second substrate 322, wherein the melting temperature of the PREPREG is lower, so that at a suitable temperature and high
- the two still solid substrates 23i, 2 32 are glued together via the intermediate layer 24. Furthermore, in the first substrate 23i of
- a recess 28 is formed, in which the amplifier unit 1 is inserted.
- This recess 28 is preferably created by a milling process, wherein the recess 28 should be chosen so deep that the terminal contacts, so the bonding pads 6i to 65 of the amplifier unit 1 are at the same height as the three-conductor system 2.
- first metal layer 22i for this purpose is significantly thicker than, for example, the second
- Metal layer 222 The higher thickness can be achieved, for example, by coppering. This ensures that even in a milling process, the first metal layer 22i is not severed and that in the following
- Amplifier unit 1 can be arranged securely in the recess 28.
- the second substrate 32 preferably also has to have its two metal layers 22 3 , 22 4 also be removed together with the intermediate layer 24 in the region of the recess 28. This can also be done by a stamping process before pressing.
- the antenna 4 preferably consists of two antenna elements 4i, 42, which via the three-conductor system 2 to the
- Amplifier unit 1 are coupled. As will be described in detail later, the at least two antenna elements 4i, 42 are coupled. As will be described in detail later, the at least two antenna elements 4i, 42 are coupled. As will be described in detail later, the at least two antenna elements 4i, 42 are coupled. As will be described in detail later, the at least two antenna elements 4i, 42 are coupled. As will be described in detail later, the at least two antenna elements 4i, 42 are coupled. As will be described in detail later, the at least two antenna elements 4i, 42 are coupled.
- Printed circuit board assembly 5 is formed. These not shown in Fig. 2A recesses are made of the
- a first patch 21 is formed on the third metal layer 22 3 , which is arranged above the two antenna elements 4 i, 42.
- This first patch 21 causes, together with the two slot antennas 4 i, 42, an electromagnetic field to be emitted upwards or downwards, that is to say mainly perpendicularly to the first patch 21.
- PCB assembly 5 leaves in two directions, is the first in the embodiment of FIG. 2A
- Metal layer 22i formed as a closed metal layer, which thus acts as a reflector and reflects downwardly propagating part of the electromagnetic field back up again. Furthermore, a via hole 25 is not formed in Fig. 2A, 22 ⁇ 4 to 22 electrically contacted with each other the different metal layers.
- the via is not formed in Fig. 2A, 22 ⁇ 4 to 22 electrically contacted with each other the different metal layers.
- Penetrate circuit board assembly 5 and in more
- Coupling tracks For example, on the same circuit board assembly 5 also an antenna may be formed, which acts as a receiver. To a direct coupling of the feeding antenna 4 in the
- the feeding antenna 4 As will be explained later, of
- Fig. 2B shows a further embodiment of the
- Circuit board assembly 5 which has a plurality of antenna elements 4i, 4 2 and two patches 21, 26, which are fed by a three-conductor system 2.
- the second patch 26 is on the fourth metal layer 22 4 , which is arranged above the two antenna elements 4i, 4 2 ,
- Fig. 2B also shows the recess 28 into which the amplifier unit 1 is inserted.
- Fig. 2C shows another embodiment of the
- Circuit board assembly 5 which a plurality of antenna elements 4i, 4 2 , of a
- 3-line system 2 are fed and one down radiating first patch 21 has. In this
- Embodiment is on the first metal layer 22i, which is disposed below the two antenna elements 4i, 4 2, the first patch 21 is formed, wherein the first patch 21 is isolated by recesses within the first metal layer 22 ⁇ therefrom.
- the third metal layer 223 is a completely closed one
- Radiation direction can be influenced.
- Fig. 3A shows a top view of the first and second metal layer 22 ⁇ , 22 2 of the invention
- Amplifier unit 1 whose as connection contacts
- first line 3i, the second line 3 2 and the third line 33 of the three-conductor system 2 are shown, which are formed on the first metal layer 22 2 . Good to
- first line 3i is separated from the third line 3 3 by a recess.
- second line 3 2 is also separated from the third line 3 3 by a further recess.
- the first line 3i, the second line 3 2 and the third line 3 3 run parallel to each other.
- the at least two antenna elements 4i, 42 are sliding edges 4i, 42 and that each slot antenna 4i, 42 is formed by a respective recess on the second metal layer 222 of the printed circuit board arrangement 5 according to the invention.
- Antenna elements 4i, 42 in the direction of the amplifier unit 1 on, whereby the three mutually parallel lines or interconnects 3i, 32, 3 3 from each other
- the first line 3i, the second line 32 and the third line 3 3 are also strip conductors 3i, 32, 3 3 . Good to see is that the two outer
- Lines or printed conductors 3i, 32 of the three-conductor system 2 which also carry the excitation signals, in an area in front of the two antenna elements 4i, 42 on the
- the ground plane 222 is formed on the second metal layer 222 and connected to the reference ground. This ground surface 222 is at least in the direction of the amplifier unit 1 back
- the first antenna element 4i is preferably oriented orthogonally to the second antenna element 42. It is particularly advantageous that the first antenna element 4i has the same shape and the same length as the second antenna element 42. Good to see in Fig. 3A also that a
- plated-through holes 55 are arranged on a round, in particular circular, ring and that these are the at least two antenna elements 4i, 4 second
- the circular ring consisting of the
- Through holes 25 ensures that no electromagnetic field from the two antenna elements 4i, 4 2 is emitted laterally and optionally
- inventive circuit board assembly 5 may be arranged disturbs.
- first metal layer 22i below the first antenna element 4i and the second antenna element 4 2 is arranged and as
- the first metal layer 22i which acts as a reflector, is separated from the second metal layer 22i only by the first substrate 23i.
- FIG. 3B shows a further plan view of the first, second and third metal layers 22i, 22 2 , 22 3 of FIG
- a first patch 21 is formed on a third metal layer 22 3 , which is arranged above the two antenna elements 4i, 4 2 .
- the third metal layer 22 3 is separated from the second metal layer 22 2 by the intermediate layer 24.
- the first patch 21 has the shape of a square, but also the shape of a rhombus is possible. In this case, a first edge of the first is preferred
- Antenna element 4i are removed and that also almost all points of the second edge of the first patch 21 are equidistant from the second antenna element 42.
- Antenna element 4i, 42 are removed.
- the first antenna element 4i and the second antenna element 42 are arranged below the first patch 21.
- the antenna elements 4i, 42 are also horizontally and vertically away from the first and second edges of the first patch 21 for the sake of clarity.
- the first patch 21 is formed on the first metal layer 22i, as shown in Fig. 2C.
- the first antenna element 4i and the second antenna element 42 are preferably arranged directly above the first patch 21.
- 3C shows a further plan view of the first, second, third and fourth metal layers 22i, 22 2 , 223, 22 4 of the printed circuit board assembly 5 according to the invention.
- a second patch 26 is arranged, wherein the two patches 21, 26 are separated from one another by a
- Dielectric 23 2 are separated.
- the metal layer 22 4 on which the second patch 26 is formed, provided with a recess, whereby the second patch 26 is isolated from the remaining metal layer 22 4th
- the remaining metal layer 22 4 which does not form the second patch 26, is inter alia through the via 25 with the Reference ground connected.
- the second patch 26 is separated from the first patch 21 by the second substrate 23 2 .
- the second patch 26 is preferably arranged above the first patch 21 in such a way that the midpoint of the second patch 26 is arranged directly, that is, perpendicularly above the midpoint of the first patch 21.
- the second patch 26 has the shape of a square or a rhombus and thus preferably has the same shape as the first patch 21.
- the edges of the second patch 26 have a length which is preferably less than or equal to the length of the edges of the first patch 21.
- the second patch 26 is arranged or aligned above the first patch 21 such that the edges of the second patch 26 extend as parallel as possible to the edges of the first patch 21.
- the second patch 26 is spaced from the first patch 21 by a length such that the directivity of the
- Antenna elements 4i, 4 2 is increased.
- the length moves in the order of ⁇ / 4, wherein the wavelength in the material of the printed circuit board assembly 5 is to be set.
- Metal layer 22 4 insulated is preferably selected such that the recess extends from the second patch 26 to the through-holes 25 which are arranged in a ring.
- the outer contour of this recess is preferably designed circular, so that they are best arranged on the annular
- Through holes 25 adapts.
- the use of a second patch 26, which is optional, also leads to the fact that the usable bandwidth of the antenna 4 increases with the two antenna elements 4i, 4 2 .
- the plated-through holes 25 serve to shield the antenna 4 with the two antenna elements 4i, 4 2 , these vias 25 extend over the metal layers 22i, 22 2 and 22 4 , whereby the antenna 4 by means of these circular
- Antenna elements 4i, 4 2 radiates perpendicular to the metal layers 22 ⁇ to 22 4th
- Fig. 4A shows a further plan view of the first, second, third and fourth metal layer 22 ⁇ 4 to 22 of the printed circuit board assembly according to the invention 5, wherein the operation of the first patch 21 for a vertical and / or horizontal polarization will be explained. It can be seen that the three-wire system 2 on the one hand with a common-mode excitation and on the other hand with a
- Push-pull excitation is fed.
- the common-mode excitation leads over the orthogonally arranged in the vicinity of the patch
- Slot antennas 4i, 4 2 to a horizontal polarization of the radiated field. Good to see that, for example, the field lines of the third line 3 3 extend to the second line 32 or the first line 3i. This causes the slot antennas to cancel out the vertical component because the amplitudes are the same, so that only one horizontal
- Amplifier unit 1 can therefore be changed directly between the two linear polarizations.
- FIG. 4B shows a further plan view of the first, second, third and fourth metal layer 22 ⁇ 4 to 22 of the printed circuit board assembly according to the invention 5, wherein the
- the described principle can also be used for non-planar antenna and conductor structures.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1403164.5A GB2513235B (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2013-02-15 | A printed-circuit board arrangement for feeding antennas via a three-line system in order to excite different polarisations |
US14/355,970 US9742072B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2013-02-15 | Printed circuit board arrangement for supplying antennas via a three-conductor system for exciting different polarizations |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012202261 | 2012-02-15 | ||
DE102012202261.9 | 2012-02-15 | ||
DE102012012171.7 | 2012-06-19 | ||
DE102012012171.7A DE102012012171B4 (de) | 2012-02-15 | 2012-06-19 | Leiterplattenanordnung zur Speisung von Antennen über ein Dreileitersystem zur Anregung unterschiedlicher Polarisationen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2013120994A1 true WO2013120994A1 (de) | 2013-08-22 |
Family
ID=48915026
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2013/053077 WO2013120994A1 (de) | 2012-02-15 | 2013-02-15 | Leiterplattenanordnung zur speisung von antennen über ein dreileitersystem zur anregung unterschiedlicher polarisationen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9742072B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012012171B4 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2513235B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013120994A1 (de) |
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US9917372B2 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2018-03-13 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Integrated circuit package with radio frequency coupling arrangement |
US9620841B2 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2017-04-11 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Radio frequency coupling structure |
US10103447B2 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2018-10-16 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Integrated circuit package with radio frequency coupling structure |
US10225925B2 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2019-03-05 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Radio frequency coupling and transition structure |
US9887449B2 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2018-02-06 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Radio frequency coupling structure and a method of manufacturing thereof |
US9722305B2 (en) | 2015-08-20 | 2017-08-01 | Google Inc. | Balanced multi-layer printed circuit board for phased-array antenna |
US11888218B2 (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2024-01-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for reducing surface waves in printed antennas |
CN112688642B (zh) * | 2020-12-16 | 2024-02-23 | 杭州电子科技大学 | 一种基于非对称三线耦合器的毫米波宽带混频器 |
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- 2012-06-19 DE DE102012012171.7A patent/DE102012012171B4/de active Active
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2013
- 2013-02-15 WO PCT/EP2013/053077 patent/WO2013120994A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-02-15 US US14/355,970 patent/US9742072B2/en active Active
- 2013-02-15 GB GB1403164.5A patent/GB2513235B/en active Active
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US20140300521A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
GB2513235B (en) | 2017-05-17 |
US9742072B2 (en) | 2017-08-22 |
GB2513235A (en) | 2014-10-22 |
DE102012012171A1 (de) | 2013-08-22 |
GB201403164D0 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
DE102012012171B4 (de) | 2022-12-22 |
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