Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
  • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
  • C23F11/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
  • C23F11/163—Sulfonic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
  • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
  • C09K8/54—Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0073—Anticorrosion compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
  • C11D3/2037—Terpenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/04—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in markedly acid liquids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
  • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
  • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
  • C23F11/12—Oxygen-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
  • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
  • C23F11/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
  • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
  • C23F11/167—Phosphorus-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
  • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
  • C23F11/173—Macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
  • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
  • C23G1/04—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors
  • C23G1/06—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors organic inhibitors
  • C23G1/065—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors organic inhibitors sulfur-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
  • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
  • C23G1/04—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors
  • C23G1/06—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors organic inhibitors
  • C23G1/066—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors organic inhibitors phosphorus-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
  • C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
  • C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
  • C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
  • C02F2305/04—Surfactants, used as part of a formulation or alone
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
  • C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
  • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
  • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
  • C11D2111/20—Industrial or commercial equipment, e.g. reactors, tubes or engines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of surfactants as corrosion inhibitors, especially in oilfield applications, wherein the corrosion inhibiting surfactants are selected from derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides and derivatives of terpene alkoxylates, where the derivatives are not sulfosuccinate derivatives.
• Alkyl polyglucosides are surfactants known for use in the personal care industry, e.g. for hair and skin cleaning and conditioning products.
• APGs are synthesised from the reaction of glucose and a fatty alcohol.
• APGs are polymeric in nature and can contain one or more glucoside units.
• An APG can be reacted with a functionalising agent to create a functionalised polymer.
• a cross-linking agent will usually be used in such a reaction to create a 'cross-polymer' .
• Functional groups that can be added include quaternary compounds, phosphates, carboxmethylates, maleates, sulfonates (including hydroxyalkylsulfonates), succinates and sulfosuccinates.
• quaternary compounds phosphates, carboxmethylates, maleates, sulfonates (including hydroxyalkylsulfonates), succinates and sulfosuccinates.
• Alkoxylated terpenes are primarily used as emulsifiers, solubilisers, wetting agents and low foaming surfactants in agrochemical, home care, institutional and industrial applications. These terpene alkoxylates are obtained by the reaction of the terpene (nopol) with alkoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide. This is described in, for example, US patent publication 2006/0135683.
• a derivative of a terpene alkoxylate can be obtained by reacting the terpene alkoxylate with a functionalising agent.
• a functionalising agent for example, an ether carboxylic acid derivative can be prepared by the reaction of the terpene alkoxylate with sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) at 80°C.
• SMCA sodium monochloroacetate
• the alkyl ether carboxylate may be prepared using a slight molar excess (1.1 - 1.2 moles) of SMCA per mole of alkoxylate in the presence of an alkali (NaOH).
• NaOH alkali
• Corrosion inhibitors are therefore widely used in oil and gas production wells and pipelines to reduce corrosion of metal components and therefore prevent consequential production equipment failures.
• Imidazolines are commonly used as corrosion inhibitors, and are viewed as the industry standard, but are known to have poor aquatic toxicity.
• Other known corrosion inhibitors for use in oilfields are based on fatty amine, fatty amidoamine or quaternary ammonium chemistries. However, these compounds are also harmful to aquatic species. These known corrosion inhibitors can also exhibit poor biodegradability.
• the present invention provides, in a first aspect, the use of a surfactant as a corrosion inhibitor, wherein the surfactant is selected from derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides and derivatives of terpene alkoxylates, and mixtures thereof.
• the corrosion inhibiting surfactant can be used to inhibit the corrosion of a metal component, that is, or will be, in contact with an aqueous fluid, in order to prevent or reduce corrosion of the metal component.
• the present invention also provides, in a second aspect, a method of preventing or reducing corrosion of a metal component that is in contact with, or will be in contact with, an aqueous fluid, wherein the method comprises :
• surfactant is selected from derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides and derivatives of terpene alkoxylates, and mixtures thereof;
• the corrosion inhibiting surfactants of the present invention can have good compatibility with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric corrosion inhibitors, therefore permitting corrosion inhibitor formulations to be produced that comprise combinations of two or more different corrosion inhibitors.
• a corrosion inhibitor formulation that comprises one or more corrosion inhibiting surfactant, wherein the surfactant is selected from derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides and derivatives of terpene alkoxylates, and mixtures thereof, together with a corrosion inhibitor that is not a corrosion inhibiting surfactant in accordance with the invention.
• the surfactants of the present invention have been surprisingly identified as effective corrosion inhibitors. Further, they exhibit lower aquatic toxicity than imidazolines. Information regarding the toxicity of surfactants can be found in Chapter 9, Anionic surfactants, Ed: H W Stache, Surfactant Science Series, Vol: 56, Marcel Dekker (1996).
• a further benefit is that the corrosion inhibiting surfactants of the invention can b tailored to have a molecular weight of greater than 700Da, which would mean they would b classified as non bio-accumulating (according to the OSPAR Guidelines for Completing the Harmonised Offshore Chemical Notification Format (HOCNF) (Reference number: 2008-5), paragraph 38).
• HOCNF Harmonised Offshore Chemical Notification Format
• derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared having molecular weights of the order of about 2000 to 6000Da and therefore these do not bio- accumulate in the environment.
• the corrosion inhibiting surfactants of the invention are beneficial in that they are biodegradable. It may also be that they can be cleaved by hydrolysis by acids or by bases.
• the corrosion inhibiting surfactant used in the present invention may be one or more surfactant which is a derivative of an alkyl polyglucoside and/or one or more surfactant which is a derivative of a terpene alkoxylate, wherein the derivative is not a sulfosuccinate.
• Only one corrosion inhibiting surfactant may be used, or a combination of more than one corrosion inhibiting surfactant may be used. When more than one is used, these may all be derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides or may all be derivatives of terpene alkoxylates or they may be a mixture of derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides and derivatives of terpene alkoxylates.
• the total number of carbon atoms in the (or each) corrosion inhibiting surfactant is from 12 to 500, such as from 13 to 450, or from 14 to 400, or from 15 to 350. It may be from 12 to 300, or from 16 to 250, or from 18 to 200. Preferably it is from 20 to 300, such as from 22 to 250, or from 24 to 200.
• the corrosion inhibiting surfactant has a molecular weight of greater than 700Da. This can be beneficial for some applications, as it means they would be classified as non bio-accumulating. However, in an alternative embodiment, the surfactant has a molecular weight of 700Da or less.
• the corrosion inhibiting surfactant has a molecular weight of from 300 to 3000Da, such as from 350 to 2500Da, or from 400 to 2200Da, or from 450 to 2000Da.
• the corrosion inhibiting surfactant has a molecular weight of greater than 700Da and less than or equal to 3000Da. In one such embodiment, it has a molecular weight of from 705 to 3000Da, such as from 710 to 2500Da, or from 715 to 2200Da, or from 720 to 2000 Da.
• the corrosion inhibiting surfactant has a molecular weight of from 300 to 700Da, such as from 350 to 675Da or from 400 to 650Da.
• this surfactant may suitably be selected from reaction products of an alkyl polyglucoside with a cross linking agent and a functionalising agent.
• the crosslinking agent is suitably of formula X-R a -X, where each X, which may be the same or different, is a halogen (e.g. chloro, fluoro or bromo) and R a is a C2-C 18 hydrocarbon (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), that may optionally be substituted and that may be branched or unbranched.
• halogen e.g. chloro, fluoro or bromo
• R a is a C2-C 18 hydrocarbon (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), that may optionally be substituted and that may be branched or unbranched.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more hydrogens in the hydrocarbon include hydroxy, amino, amido, nitro and alkoxy.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more carbons in the hydrocarbon include O, N and S.
• R a comprises a C2-C 18 (e.g. C2-C 12) alkanyl or alkenyl group, or an alkoxylated (e.g. ethoxylated, propoxylated or butoxylated) derivative thereof, and it may optionally be substituted (e.g. one or more one or more hydrogen may be replaced with substituent groups selected from hydroxy, amino, amido, nitro and alkoxy groups) and it may be branched or unbranched.
• R a may, for example, be a C2-C 12 alkanyl or alkenyl group that may optionally be substituted (e.g.
• R a is a branched or unbranched C2-C8 alkanyl (e.g. C2, C3, C4 or C5 alkanyl) that may optionally be substituted (e.g. with one or more one or more hydrogen being replaced with substituent groups selected from hydroxy groups and amino groups).
• X is chloro.
• the crosslinking agent is: CJ— CH 2 CHfOHjCH 2 C1
• the functionalising agent is suitably of formula X-R a -Y, where X is a halogen (e.g. chloro, fluoro or bromo), R a is a C2-C 18 hydrocarbon (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), that may optionally be substituted and that may be branched or unbranched, and Y is selected from quaternary ammonium groups, sulfonate groups, sulfate groups, phosphate groups, and hydroxy groups.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more hydrogens in the hydrocarbon include hydroxy, amino, amido, nitro and alkoxy.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more carbons in the hydrocarbon include O, N and S.
• one or more carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain are replaced with oxygen.
• R a comprises a C2-C 18 (e.g. C2-C 12) alkanyl or alkenyl group, or an alkoxylated (e.g. ethoxylated, propoxylated or butoxylated) derivative thereof, and it may optionally be substituted (e.g. one or more one or more hydrogen may be replaced with substituent groups selected from hydroxy, amino, amido, nitro and alkoxy groups) and it may be branched or unbranched.
• R a may, for example, be a C2-C 12 alkanyl or alkenyl group that may optionally be substituted (e.g.
• R a is a branched or unbranched C2-C8 alkanyl (e.g. C2, C3, C4 or C5 alkanyl) that may optionally be substituted (e.g. with one or more one or more hydrogen being replaced with substituent groups selected from hydroxy groups and amino groups).
• X is chloro.
• Y is selected from quaternary ammonium groups, sulfonate groups, sulfate groups, phosphate groups, and hydroxy groups.
• Quaternary ammonium groups may be of formula -N + R' 3 where each R' may be the same or different and may be selected from C 1 -C36 hydrocarbon groups (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), that may optionally be substituted and that may be branched or unbranched.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more hydrogens in the hydrocarbon include hydroxy, amino, amido, carboxy, nitro and alkoxy.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more carbons in the hydrocarbon include O, N and S.
• each R' may be the same or different and is selected from C 1 -C36 branched or unbranched alkyl groups that may optionally be substituted (e.g.
• one or more one or more hydrogen may be replaced with substituent groups selected from hydroxy, amino, amido, carboxy, nitro and alkoxy groups).
• substituent groups selected from hydroxy, amino, amido, carboxy, nitro and alkoxy groups.
• R' groups are selected from methyl, ethyl or propyl. It may be that two of the R' groups are selected from methyl, ethyl or propyl and the third R' group is selected from C 1 -C36 branched or unbranched alkyl groups, especially unbranched alkyl groups, more especially C6-C36 unbranched alkyl groups and most especially C 10-C36 unbranched alkyl groups (e.g. C 12-C30 unbranched alkyl groups).
• R' groups Preferably at least some of the R' groups are unsubstituted. In one preferred embodiment all of the R' groups are unsubstituted.
• Sulfonate groups may be of formula -SO 3 M where M is selected from H and monovalent cations such as Na, K, and NH 4 .
• Sulfate groups may be of formula -SO 4 M where M is selected from H and monovalent cations such as Na, K, and NH 4 .
• Phosphate groups may be of formula -OPO(OM) 2 where each M is independently selected from H and monovalent cations such as Na, K, and NH 4 .
• the functionalising agent is selected from: C]— CH 2 — CH(OH)CH 2 — S0 4 ;
• R is selected from C6-C36 unbranched alkyl groups
• M is selected from H and monovalent cations such as Na, K, and NH 4 .
• the alkyl polyglucosides from which the corrosion inhibiting surfactant can be derived may suitably have an alkyl group that is a C8 to C30 branched or unbranched alkyl group, such as a C8 to C25, C8 to C22, C9 to C20, C I O to C 18, or CI O to C 16 branched or unbranched alkyl group.
• it may be a C I O to C30 branched or unbranched alkyl group, such as a C I O to C24, or C I O to C I 8 branched or unbranched alkyl group.
• the alkyl polyglucoside from which the corrosion inhibiting surfactant is derived has an alkyl group that is a C 12 to C30 branched or unbranched alkyl group, such as a C 12 to C25, C 12 to C24, C 12 to C22, C 12 to C20, C 12 to C 18, or C 12 to C 16 branched or unbranched alkyl group.
• the alkyl polyglucoside may have an alkyl group that is a C 12 to C24 branched or unbranched alkyl group.
• the alkyl group is unsubstituted.
• alkyl polyglucosides are generally present as mixtures of alkyl polyglucosides, where there are varying numbers of carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and where there are varying degrees of polymerisation.
• the alkyl radical is generally referred to as having a range of carbon atoms, which cover the minimum and maximum length of alkyl carbon chains present in the mixture, and the degree of polymerisation is the average (mean) degree of polymerisation of the mixture.
• the polyglucoside may in one embodiment have a degree of polymerisation of from 1 to 15, and preferably from 1 to 10, e.g. from 1 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 7 or from 1 to 6. Typically it may be from 1 to 5 or from 1 to 4.
• the polyglucoside has a degree of polymerisation of from 1 to 3 ; more preferably from 1 to 2; for example from 1.1 to 1.8 or from 1.1 to 1.7; such as from 1.2 to 1.6; most preferably from 1.2 to 1.5.
• the degree of polymerisation can be measured by known techniques such as gel permeation chromatography.
• the alkyl polyglucoside is made up of units of formula (I) and/or (II) :
• R is a C8-30 alkyl group
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and - CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 -R 12 ,
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are not all hydrogen
• R ⁇ , R 6 , R 7 R 8 , R 9 and R 1 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 -R 12 ,
• R 10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH 2 CH(OH)(CH 2 ) x -R 12 , and
• R 5 , R 6 , R 7 R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 1 1 are not all hydrogen
• R 12 is a functional group selected from:
• R is selected from C6-C36 unbranched alkyl groups
• M is selected from H and monovalent cations such as Na, K, and NH 4 , and
• the overall degree of polymerisation of the surfactant product i.e. the average number of glucose units per alkyl group R
• the overall degree of polymerisation of the surfactant product is from 1 to 15, preferably from 1 to 10, e.g. from 1 to 5.
• the degree of polymerisation is from 1 to 5, e.g. from 1.1 to 1.8 (such as from 1.2 to 1.5).
• the alkyl groups R in formula (I) and (II) are C8 to C30 branched or unbranched alkyl groups, such as C8 to C25 branched or unbranched alkyl groups, e.g. C9 to C22 branched or unbranched alkyl groups; more preferably C I O to C24 branched or unbranched alkyl groups, e.g. C I O to C 18 branched or unbranched alkyl groups.
• the alkyl groups R are C 12 to C30 branched or unbranched alkyl groups, such as C12 to C25, and most preferably C 12 to C24 branched or unbranched alkyl groups.
• the alkyl groups R in formula (III) and (IV) are C 12 to C22 branched or unbranched alkyl groups, such as C 12 to C20 branched or unbranched alkyl groups, e.g. C 12 to C I 8 branched or unbranched alkyl groups or C 12 to C I 6 branched or unbranched alkyl groups.
• the alkyl polyglucoside derivative is based on decyl polyglucoside or lauryl polyglucoside. In one preferred embodiment, the alkyl polyglucoside derivative is based on lauryl polyglucoside. [059] In one embodiment, the alkyl polyglucoside derivative is selected from those described in US 7,507,399 B l . [060] It may be that the alkyl polyglucoside derivative is of formula (III) :
• n is an integer of 1 or more (e. g. from 1 to 20 or from 1 to 1 0), such as 2 or more, or 3 or more, and typically 4 or more;
• R is selected from C8 to C30 branched or unbranched alkyl groups
• Y is selected from quaternary ammonium groups, sulfonate groups, sulfate groups, phosphate groups, and hydroxy groups.
• R and Y are as described above. It may be that R is selected from C I O to C24 branched or unbranched alkyl groups; most preferably C 12 to C24 branched or unbranched alkyl groups, e.g. C 12 to C22 branched or unbranched alkyl groups. It may be that Y is a functional group selected from:
• M is selected from H and monovalent cations such as Na, K, and NH 4 .
• the alkyl polyglucoside derivative is selected from:
• the alkyl polyglucoside derivative is selected from:
• the alkyl polyglucoside derivative is selected from:
• the corrosion inhibiting surfactant comprises a derivative of a terpene alkoxylate
• the (or each) surfactant may suitably be an ester or ether of a terpene alkoxylate, provided that it is not a sulfosuccinate mono-ester or di-ester.
• the ester may, in one embodiment, be a phosphate ester or a sulfate ester or a carbonate ester or a carboxylate ester.
• the ether may, in one embodiment, be of formula -0-R m -R n , wherein R m is a C I -20 hydrocarbon divalent linking group and R n is a carboxylate or amide group.
• R m may optionally be substituted and may be branched or unbranched.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more hydrogens in the hydrocarbon include hydroxy, amino, amido, nitro and alkoxy.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more carbons in the hydrocarbon include O, N and S.
• R m may suitably be a C l -20 alkylene or C2-20 alkenylene group, or C l -20 alkoxyene group; e.g.
• a C 1 -C 12 or a C 1 -C8 alkylene or alkoxyene more preferably a C2, C3, C4, C5 or C6 alkylene or alkoxyene group; most preferably a C2, C3, or C4 alkylene or alkoxyene group.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more hydrogens in the hydrocarbon include hydroxy, amino, amido, carboxy, nitro and alkoxy.
• Optional substituent groups which may replace one or more carbons in the hydrocarbon include O, N and S.
• R p is selected from C 1 -C36 branched or unbranched alkyl groups that may optionally be substituted, more especially C6-C36 unbranched alkyl groups and most especially C 10-C36 unbranched alkyl groups (e.g. C 12-C30 unbranched alkyl groups).
• the terpene alkoxylate derivative used as a corrosion inhibiting surfactant in the present invention may be of formula (III) :
• R x is selected from:
• Z is an ester group (e.g. a phosphate ester group or a sulfate ester group or a carbonate ester group or a carboxylate ester group) or an ether group, provided that it is not a sulfosuccinate mono-ester or di-ester.
• ester group e.g. a phosphate ester group or a sulfate ester group or a carbonate ester group or a carboxylate ester group
• ether group provided that it is not a sulfosuccinate mono-ester or di-ester.
• Z may, in one embodiment, be an ether of formula -0-R m -R n , as defined above.
• Z is an ester group (e.g. a phosphate ester group or a sulfate ester group or a carbonate ester group or a carboxylate ester group).
• Z may be of formula (IV-a):
• R m is selected from H and C 1 -C30 branched or unbranched alkyl and C2-C30 branched or unbranched alkenyl groups, which may optionally be substituted,
• R n is selected from H, R x and C 1 -C30 branched or unbranched alkyl and C2-C30 branched or unbranched alkenyl groups, which may optionally be substituted,
• substituent groups include hydroxy, amino, nitro, halo and alkoxy.
• Z may be of formula (IV-b) : o
• R m is selected from H and C 1 -C30 branched or unbranched alkyl and C2-C30 branched or unbranched alkenyl groups, which may optionally be substituted,
• substituent groups include hydroxy, amino, nitro, halo and alkoxy.
• Z may be of formula (IV-c) :
• R m is selected from H and C 1 -C30 branched or unbranched alkyl and C2-C30 branched or unbranched alkenyl groups, which may optionally be substituted, wherein optional substituent groups (which may replace one or more hydrogens) include hydroxy, amino, nitro, halo and alkoxy.
• Z may be of formula (IV-d) :
• R m is selected from H and C 1 -C30 branched or unbranched alkyl and C2-C30 branched or unbranched alkenyl groups, which may optionally be substituted,
• substituent groups include hydroxy, amino, nitro, halo and alkoxy
• Z is not a sulfosuccinate mono-ester or di-ester.
• any alkyl or alkenyl groups present in the group Z are selected from C 1 -C24 branched or unbranched alkyl and C2-C24 branched or unbranched alkenyl groups, which may optionally be substituted; preferably they are selected from C I -C I 8 branched or unbranched alkyl and C2- C 18 branched or unbranched alkenyl groups, which may optionally be substituted; most preferably they are selected from C I -C I 2 branched or unbranched alkyl and C2-C 12 branched or unbranched alkenyl groups, which may optionally be substituted.
• R m is H.
• option (IV-a) applies and R n is H or R x .
• the terpene alkoxylate from which the surfactant can be derived preferably has an HLB of less than 10, e.g. from 0 to 7, more preferably 5 or less, e.g. from 1 to 5, such as from 2 to 4 or from 3 to 5 or from 3 to 4.
• the degree of alkoxylation for the terpene alkoxylate is suitably from 1 to 50, such as from 1 to 40, from 1 to 30, from 1 to 24, from 1 to 20, or from 1 to 12.
• the alkoxylating groups may suitably be selected from C 1 -C4 alkoxy group, such as ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy, or combinations thereof.
• the invention envisages, inter alia, ethoxylation, propoxylation, butoxylation, and block alkoxylation with (EO)(PO), (EO)(BO), (PO)(EO) and (BO)(EO).
• the (or each) surfactant is derived from an ethoxylated terpene group, a propoxylated terpene group, a butoxylated terpene group, an (EO)(PO), (EO)(BO), (PO)(EO) or (BO)(EO) block alkoxylated terpene group.
• the (or each) surfactant is derived from an ethoxylated C8-30 terpene group, a propoxylated C8-30 terpene group, a butoxylated C8-30 terpene group, an (EO)(PO), (EO)(BO), (PO)(EO) or (BO)(EO) block alkoxylated C8-30 terpene group.
• the (or each) surfactant is derived from an ethoxylated C8-22 terpene group, a propoxylated C8-22 terpene group, a butoxylated C8-22 terpene group, an (EO)(PO), (EO)(BO), (PO)(EO) or (BO)(EO) block alkoxylated C8-22 terpene group.
• alkoxylated terpenes are generally present as mixtures where there are varying numbers of alkoxylation.
• the degree of alkoxylation is the average (mean) degree of alkoxylation of the mixture.
• the value of x is the degree of alkoxylation
• the combined value of x' and x" is the degree of alkoxylation
• x, x' and x" are each independently from 1 to 30, more preferably from 1 to 20, such as from 1 to 15, e.g. from 1 to 12.
• x, x' and x" are each independently 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 or 12. It may be that x, x' and x" are each independently from 1 to 6 or alternatively it may be that x, x' and x" are each independently from 7 to 12.
• the degree of alkoxylation can be measured by known techniques such as gel permeation chromatography.
• the surfactant is derived from an ethoxylated terpene, a propoxylated terpene or a butoxylated terpene, and the degree of alkoxylation is from 1 to 30, more preferably from 1 to 20, such as from 1 to 15, e.g. from 1 to 12 and most preferably from 1 to 10. In one embodiment, therefore, the degree of alkoxylation is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
• the surfactant is derived from a block alkoxylated terpene, and the degree of alkoxylation from each alkoxylating group is independently from 1 to 20, such as from 1 to 15, e.g. from 1 to 12 and most preferably 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
• the total degree of alkoxylation may be from 1 to 30, more preferably from 1 to 20, such as from 1 to 15, e.g. from 1 to 12.
• the terpene group of the alkoxylated terpene may be a C8 to C30 terpene group.
• the skilled reader will appreciate that this group is a hydrophobic group.
• the terpene group may be acyclic or cyclic.
• the surfactant is an alkoxylated terpene based on a C8 to C24 terpene group. In one embodiment, the surfactant is an alkoxylated terpene based on a C8 to C22 terpene group. In one embodiment, the terpene is a C9 to C24 terpene group, C9 to C22 terpene group, or C9 to C I 5 terpene group.
• the terpene group is a C8 to C22 terpene group, such as a C8 to C20 terpene group; preferably a C8 to C 16 terpene group, such as a C9, C I O, C l l , C 12, C 13, C 14 or CI 5 terpene group.
• the terpene group may comprise a C I O acyclic, monocyclic or bicyclic terpene radical (e.g. geraniol, limonene, terpineol, linalool, pinene, carene, sabinene, camphene or thujene); a C 15 acyclic, monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic terpenene radical (e.g.
• cafestol, kahweol, cembrene, sclareol, lagochilin, labdane, stemarene, steviol, or taxadiene e.g. cafestol, kahweol, cembrene, sclareol, lagochilin, labdane, stemarene, steviol, or taxadiene.
• the terpene group may, in one embodiment, comprise a C8-C 15 monocyclic or bicyclic terpene radical, which may optionally further comprise a C I -20 hydrocarbon divalent linking group, which links the cyclic radical to the alkoxylating groups.
• This C I -20 hydrocarbon divalent linking group may suitably be a C I -20 alkylene, C2-20 alkenylene, or C I -20 alkoxyene group, for example a C I - 12 alkylene, C2- 12 alkenylene, or C I - 12 alkoxyene group, such as a C2- 10 alkylene, C2- 10 alkenylene, or C2- 10 alkoxyene group; preferably a C2-8 alkylene, C2-8 alkenylene, or C2-8 alkoxyene group; more preferably a C2, C3 , C4, C5 or C6 alkylene or alkoxyene group; most preferably a C2, C3, or C4 alkylene or alkoxyene group.
• a C I -20 alkylene, C2-20 alkenylene, or C I -20 alkoxyene group for example a C I - 12 alkylene, C2- 12 alkenylene, or C I - 12 alkoxyene
• the terpene group in this embodiment may further comprise a C I -20 hydrocarbon divalent linking group, which links the cyclic radical to the alkoxylating groups.
• This C I -20 hydrocarbon divalent linking group may suitably be a C I -20 alkylene, C2-20 alkenylene, or C I -20 alkoxyene group, for example a C I - 12 alkylene, C2- 12 alkenylene, or C I - 12 alkoxyene group, such as a C2- 10 alkylene, C2- 10 alkenylene, or C2- 10 alkoxyene group; preferably a C2-8 alkylene, C2-8 alkenylene, or C2-8 alkoxyene group; more preferably a C2, C3, C4, C5 or C6 alkylene or alkoxyene group; most preferably a C2, C3, or C4 alkylene or alkoxyene group.
• a C I -20 alkylene, C2-20 alkenylene, or C I -20 alkoxyene group for example a C I - 12 alkylene, C2- 12 alkenylene, or C I - 12 alkoxyene group,
• R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen or a C I -8 (preferably C I -6 or C I -5) alkyl.
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen or a C I , C2, C3 or C4 alkyl.
• R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen or a CI or C2 alkyl.
• the surfactant is derived from a block alkoxylated terpene, and that alkoxylated terpene is of the following formula:
• Y represents CH 2 -C(R 20 )(R 21 )- or -O- CH(R 22 )-CH(R 23 )-, wherein R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 , which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen or a C I -8 (preferably C I -6 or C I -4, more preferably C I or C2) alkyl;
• R 24 and R 25 which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen or a C I or C2 alkyl, provided that at least one of the radicals R 24 and R 25 is not
• Y represents -CH 2 -CH 2 - or - O-CH 2 -CH 2 -;
• R 24 and R 25 which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen, CH 3 or C 2 H 5 , provided that at least one of the radicals R 24 and R 25 is not hydrogen and provided that the total number of carbon atoms in the radicals R 24 and R 25 is 1 or 2;
• n is an integer from 1 to 20; and m is an integer from 1 to 20.
• the alkoxylated terpene is of the following formula:
• R s is CH 3 or C 2 H 5 , n is an integer from 1 to 20 and m is an integer from 1 to 30. Most preferably, R s is CH 3 , n is an integer from 1 to 20 and m is an integer from 1 to 20. For example, it may be that R s is CH 3 , n is an integer from 1 to 10 and m is an integer from 1 to 10.
• the terpene is 6,6- dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1 ]hept-2-ene-2-ethanol (CAS No: 128-50-7).
• the surfactant is derived from a block alkoxylated (PO)(EO) terpene based on 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1 ]hept-2-ene-2-ethanol (CAS No: 128-50- 7).
• the number of propoxy groups is preferably from 1 to 20 (e.g. from 1 to 10) and the number of ethoxy groups is preferably from 1 to 20 (e.g. from 1 to 10).
• the HLB of the alkoxylated terpene is preferably less than 10, such as 5 or less; preferably from 1 to 5 and more preferably from 3 to 5.
• the terpene alkoxylate derivative is based on the following alkoxylated terpene:
• the derivative is an ester thereof, e.g. a phosphate ester or a sulfate ester or a carbonate ester or a carboxylate ester. It may suitably be any of the options for Z defined above. In particular, it may be a phosphate ester in accordance with formula (IV-a) above.
• the surfactants used in the invention can be prepared using conventional methods.
• a phosphate ester derivative of a terpene alkoxylate can be made by the reaction of the terpene alkoxylate with polyphosphonc acid.
• the use of a 3 : 1 molar ratio will predominantly obtain the monoester product.
• the reaction is carried out at 50 - 70°C, with the polyphosphoric acid being added slowly to avoid excessive temperature rises and thermal degradation of the terpene alkoxylate.
• the viscosity of the reaction product may be adjusted using a suitable solvent, e.g. ethylene glycol.
• the preferred purity of the polyphosphoric acid is 95 - 1 18%, expressed as the apparent H 3 PO 4 content.
• the amount of surfactant used may be any suitable amount to reduce or inhibit corrosion of the metal component. In one embodiment it may be used at a level of lppm or more with respect to the aqueous fluid, such as from lppm to l OOOppm, e.g. from lppm to 500ppm. It may be that the amount of surfactant is from 2 to 200ppm, such as from 3 to 150pmm or from 4 to l OOppm. In one embodiment, the amount of surfactant is from 5 to 50ppm, such as from 10 to 40ppm or from 15 to 30ppm. [01 14] The surfactant may be used in the same manner as a conventional corrosion inhibitor.
• the surfactant may suitably be used to inhibit corrosion of a metal component in an industrial aqueous system, where the metal component is (or will be) in contact with an aqueous fluid.
• the industrial aqueous system may, in one embodiment, be an aqueous system in a hydrocarbon plant; this may be a plant for exploration, recovery, refining or distribution of hydrocarbon.
• the aqueous system may be an oil or gas plant.
• the aqueous system is an oilfield system, such as an oilfield production system or an oilfield distribution system.
• the aqueous system is a downstream oil-related system, such as an oil refining system.
• Preferred industrial aqueous systems may be aqueous systems in topside oilfield locations.
• the industrial aqueous system may in an alternative embodiment be an aqueous system in a chemical plant, e.g. a chemical manufacturing, processing or distribution plant.
• the industrial aqueous system may in another alternative embodiment be a water plant, e.g. an industrial water treatment or distribution system.
• the industrial aqueous system may in another alternative embodiment be a paper manufacturing plant.
• the aqueous fluid is at a temperature of 100°C or less, such as 90°C or less, e.g. 80°C or less, or 70°C or less, or 60°C or less.
• the aqueous fluid may be flowing or may be stationery.
• the aqueous fluid may, for example, be in a pipe or other conduit or may be in a tank or other storage container.
• the metal component may therefore be a pipe or other conduit or may be a tank or other storage container.
• the aqueous fluid may be acidic, neutral or basic.
• the aqueous fluid has, or will have, acidic conditions, i.e. a pH of less than 7.
• the aqueous fluid comprises water and further comprises, or will further comprise, one or more acidifying compounds, such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulphide.
• the aqueous fluid comprises water and a hydrocarbon, such as oil, and further comprises, or will further comprise, one or more acidifying compounds, such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulphide.
• the metal component may comprise any metal that is prone to corrode following a time of exposure to an aqueous fluid, especially an acidic aqueous fluid. It may comprise a metal alloy or a single metal. The metal component may in particular comprise ferrous materials (e.g. steel), copper, and/or aluminium.
• the metal component comprises steel, such as mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel (including precipitation-hardened stainless steel), chrome steel, duplex steel, martensitic alloy steel, ferritic alloy steel, austenitic stainless steel, or high nickel content steel.
• steel such as mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel (including precipitation-hardened stainless steel), chrome steel, duplex steel, martensitic alloy steel, ferritic alloy steel, austenitic stainless steel, or high nickel content steel.
• the surfactant may be applied to the metal component and/or may be added to the aqueous fluid. In one embodiment the surfactant is added to the aqueous fluid. [0129] The surfactant may be applied to the metal component before the metal component is in contact with the aqueous fluid and/or may be applied once the metal component is in contact with the aqueous fluid. [0130] The surfactant may be added to the aqueous fluid before the aqueous fluid is in contact with the metal component and/or may be added to the aqueous fluid once the aqueous fluid is in contact with the metal component.
• the surfactant may be used with one or more additional components. These additional components may have been pre-mixed with the surfactant, or may be added simultaneously with the surfactant, or sequentially with the surfactant, or separately from the surfactant. They may be added before the surfactant or after the surfactant.
• the additional components may, for example, be selected from: corrosion inhibitors that are not the surfactants of the invention; additional surfactants; solvents; demulsifiers; antifoam agents; scale inhibitors; dispersants; and biocides.
• that additional corrosion inhibitor may be selected from non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric corrosion inhibitors. It may, for example, be selected from: sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium ethylenediamine tetracetate, sodium nitrilo triacetate, tetra potassium pyrophosphate, acetodiphosphonic acid and its salts, ammonium trismethylene phosphonic acid and its salts, ethylenediamine tetrakis (methylene phosphonic) acid and its salts, diethylenetriamine pentakis (methylene phosphonic) acid, hexamethylenediamine tetrakis (methylene phosphonic) acid, bishexamethylenetriamine pentakis (methylene phosphonic) acid, and ethanolamine bis(methylenephosphonic) acid and its salts.
• the additional corrosion inhibitor is an amphoteric corrosion inhibitor, such as an inhibitor selected from alkylamidopropyl betaines, alkylamidopropyl sultaines, alkyl ampho(di)acetates, and alkyl amphohydroxypropyl sulfonates and propionates, which may be based on lauric acid, coconut oil, palm oil, oleic acid, castor oil, tall oil or ricinoleic acid.
• an amphoteric corrosion inhibitor such as an inhibitor selected from alkylamidopropyl betaines, alkylamidopropyl sultaines, alkyl ampho(di)acetates, and alkyl amphohydroxypropyl sulfonates and propionates, which may be based on lauric acid, coconut oil, palm oil, oleic acid, castor oil, tall oil or ricinoleic acid.
• the additional corrosion inhibitor is a non-ionic corrosion inhibitor, such as an inhibitor selected from fatty diamine derivatives of oleic or tall oil fatty acids, and fatty acid alkanolamides such as monoisopropyl oleamide.
• the additional corrosion inhibitor is an anionic corrosion inhibitor, such as an inhibitor selected from alkyl and alkyl ether phosphate esters, acyl sarcosinates, taurides and alkyl ether carboxylic acids.
• the additional corrosion inhibitor is a cationic corrosion inhibitor, such as an inhibitor selected from quaternary ammonium salts, such as alkyl trimethyl ammonium halides or benzalkonium derivatives, fatty amines, amidoamines (including alkylamidopropyl amines and imidazolines).
• quaternary ammonium salts such as alkyl trimethyl ammonium halides or benzalkonium derivatives
• fatty amines such as alkyl trimethyl ammonium halides or benzalkonium derivatives
• amidoamines including alkylamidopropyl amines and imidazolines.
• it may be an alkyl hydroxyethyl or alkyl aminoethyl derivative of oleic or tall oil fatty acids.
• the additional surfactant may be a cationic surfactant (for example it may be selected from benzalkonium salts, C I 0-20 alkyl trimethyl ammonium salts, and C I 0-20 alkyl trimethyl or tris (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts).
• the additional surfactant may be anionic (for example it may be selected from C I 0-20 alkyl benzene sulphonates, C I 0-20 olefin sulphonates, C I 0-20 alkyl sulfates, C I 0-20 alkyl 1 to 25 mole ether sulfates, C I 0-20 paraffin sulphonates, C I 0-20 alkyl phenol sulfates, lignin sulphonates, fatty ester sulphonates, C I 0-20 alkyl phenol ether sulfates, C I 0-20 alkyl ethanolamide sulfates, and C I 0-20 alpha sulphofatty acid salts).
• anionic for example it may be selected from C I 0-20 alkyl benzene sulphonates, C I 0-20 olefin sulphonates, C I 0-20 alkyl sulfates, C I 0-20 alkyl
• the additional surfactant might also be amphoteric (for example it may be selected from betaines, sulphobetaines, and quaternized imidazoline).
• the additional surfactant might alternatively be non-ionic (for example it may be selected from ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxyl/propyleneoxy block copolymers, ethoxylated fatty amines, mono- and di-alkanolamides, amine oxides and C I 0-20 acyl sorbitan and glyceryl ethoxylates).
• the solvent may be aqueous or may be organic.
• the solvent may be any suitable solvent that is compatible with the aqueous fluid.
• solvents include water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), alkylene glycols, glycol ethers, and tetrahydrofuran (THF).
• a demulsifier may, in particular, be beneficial as an additional component when the surfactant is being used in oilfield applications. Examples of demulsifers include phenol- formaldehyde resins; polyamines; di-epoxides; and polyols.
• the antifoam agents that may be considered include silicone defoamers and acetylenic diols.
• the scale inhibitor may, for example, be selected from polyacrylates; polymaleates; polysulfonates; phosphonates; and bisphosphonates
• the dispersant may, for example, be selected from polymaleic acids, polyacrylic acids and polyvinylsulphonic acids.
• the biocide may, for example, be a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound, such as an ADBAC quaternary ammonium compound, or a tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt, or formaldehyde glutaraldehyde.
• the corrosion inhibitor formulation of the third aspect may be used in the inventions of the first or second aspect.
• the inventions of the first and second aspect may add or apply the surfactant of the invention and any additional corrosion inhibitors separately.
• the inventions of the first and second aspect may use only the surfactants of the invention as the corrosion inhibitor.
• the corrosion inhibitor formulation of the third aspect may comprise the corrosion inhibiting surfactant of the invention together with a corrosion inhibitor that is not a corrosion inhibiting surfactant according to the invention, wherein this corrosion inhibitor is selected from non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric corrosion inhibitors.
• the corrosion inhibitor formulation may in one embodiment comprise from 10 to 99wt% corrosion inhibiting surfactant, such as from 50 to 95wt% corrosion inhibiting surfactant.
• the corrosion inhibitor formulation may in one embodiment comprise from 1 to 90wt% of corrosion inhibitor that is not the corrosion inhibiting surfactant, such as from 5 to 50wt% of corrosion inhibitor that is not the corrosion inhibiting surfactant.
• the formulation may further include additional components, which may for example be selected from: surfactants; solvents; demulsifiers; antifoam agents; scale inhibitors, dispersants, and biocides. These components are discussed in more detail above. [0152] The invention will now be further described, in a non-limiting manner, with reference to the following Examples.
• a modified version of the bubble test was used to compare the corrosion inhibition performance of various corrosion inhibiting surfactants according to the invention with the industry standard corrosion inhibitor, tall oil aminoethyl imidazole, under oilfield conditions.
• the terpene alkoxylate has an HLB in the range
• the cells were placed in a water bath set at 60°C and set to stir at approximately 300rpm.
• Baseline corrosion where baseline corrosion was calculated by taking the average corrosion rate of each cell before the corrosion inhibitors were introduced.
• Figure 7 shows that various surfactants in accordance with the invention have good corrosion efficiencies.
• the sodium hydroxypropyl sulfonate lauryl glucose crosspolymer, the stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl lauryl glucosides chloride, and the terpene alkoxylate phosphate ester can all be seen to significantly reduce the corrosion rate and these have a performance very similar to the industry standard (tall oil aminoethyl imidazoline).
• the effects for the poly sodium lauryl glucoside hydroxypropyl phosphate are still good and a larger molecular weight will reduce bioaccumulation. Therefore in at least some situations the advantage of non-bioaccumulation would be considered to outweigh the slight reduction in effectiveness as a corrosion inhibitor.

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