WO2013113192A1 - 图像传输的方法及系统 - Google Patents

图像传输的方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013113192A1
WO2013113192A1 PCT/CN2012/073740 CN2012073740W WO2013113192A1 WO 2013113192 A1 WO2013113192 A1 WO 2013113192A1 CN 2012073740 W CN2012073740 W CN 2012073740W WO 2013113192 A1 WO2013113192 A1 WO 2013113192A1
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Prior art keywords
image
video
main part
module
main
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
喻子达
王袭
赵向阳
韩文
朴成杰
黄橙
周林
安娜
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Haier Group Corp
Haier Group Technology Research and Development Center
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Haier Group Corp
Haier Group Technology Research and Development Center
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/426Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H04N19/33Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability in the spatial domain
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2343Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • H04N21/234327Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by decomposing into layers, e.g. base layer and one or more enhancement layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/132Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/164Feedback from the receiver or from the transmission channel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of image transmission technologies, and in particular, to a method and system for image transmission.
  • the multi-screen sharing service can enable the video information browsed by the current terminal device to be sent to other terminal devices in time to realize sharing of the video data by multiple screens.
  • Multi-screen sharing mainly means that the same content is displayed on the screens of different terminals.
  • the screen size and resolution of various terminals are different, and the decoding capabilities of each terminal are also different. Therefore, if the transmitting end broadcasts video data, that is, an image, if different receiving terminals perform the same image processing, it is inevitable. As a result, some receiving terminals cannot process the image normally, which affects the viewing effect of the user.
  • the present invention provides a method and system for image transmission, so as to implement normal processing of video data broadcast by a video transmitting end by each video receiving end.
  • the image transmission method provided by the present invention includes the steps of:
  • the video sending end divides the image to be sent into a main part and at least one secondary part broadcast transmission
  • the video receiving end receives the main part of the image, and selects a secondary part of the received image according to the attribute parameter of the screen;
  • the video receiving end displays the main part and the secondary part of the received image in combination.
  • the video receiving end receives the main part of the image, and according to the attribute of the screen, selects a secondary part of the received image, so that each video receiving end is connected to the video transmitting end.
  • the normal processing of the broadcast video data and can reflect the most suitable display effect of the screen.
  • a main portion of the image is a rectangular portion
  • a secondary portion of the image is a rectangular image located above, below, left, and/or right of the main portion.
  • the area of the secondary part is segmented to meet the needs of more different receiver screen attributes.
  • the secondary part of the image broadcasted in step A further carries positional relationship information indicating a relative main part
  • step C is combined according to the positional relationship.
  • the positional relationship information of the image is sent by the video transmitting end, so that the video receiving end realizes the correct combination of the images of the respective parts according to the positional relationship information.
  • the attribute parameter includes: a size of the screen, and a resolution.
  • the video receiving end selects an image suitable for the screen through different attributes.
  • the main part and the secondary part of the image are broadcast in different coding modes.
  • the secondary part of the image adopts the lossy coding mode, so as to speed up the encoding speed of the transmitting end, and also facilitate the decoding speed of the video receiving end.
  • each part of the image broadcasted in step A further carries frame identification information indicating that the image belongs to the same frame;
  • Step C further includes the step of determining that the main portion and the secondary portion of the received image belong to one frame image based on the frame identification information indicating that the image belongs to the same frame.
  • the image transmission system provided by the invention comprises a video transmitting end and at least one video receiving end,
  • the video sending end includes:
  • An image segmentation module configured to divide an image to be sent by the video transmitting end into a main part and at least one secondary part
  • An image configuration module configured to configure location relationship information of a main portion and a secondary portion of the image according to the segmentation condition
  • An image main part encoding module for encoding the main part of the image
  • An image secondary portion encoding module for encoding the secondary portion of the image
  • An image sending module configured to send a main part of the image and a secondary part carrying the positional relationship information
  • the video receiving end includes:
  • An image receiving selection module configured to select a secondary portion of the received image according to a screen attribute parameter of the video receiving end
  • An image receiving module configured to receive a main portion of the image and a secondary portion selected by the image receiving selection module and the positional relationship information
  • the image combining module is configured to display the main part and the secondary part of the received image in combination according to the positional relationship information.
  • each receiving end receives the main part of the image, and selects a secondary part of the received image according to the attribute parameter of the screen thereof, so as to realize video transmission by each video receiving end.
  • the normal processing of the video data broadcasted by the terminal can reflect the display effect most suitable for the screen.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an image transmission method provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 3-5 is another schematic diagram of image segmentation
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of an image transmission system of the present invention.
  • the system includes a video transmitting end and one or more video receiving ends, wherein the video transmitting end broadcasts video data in a broadcast manner, and the video data is multi-frame picture data.
  • the video receiving end can be a television, a notebook computer, a mobile phone, a PAD, and the like. The system will be described in detail later.
  • the image transmission method provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 10 The video sending end divides the screen image into a main part and a secondary part, wherein the screen image can be divided into left and right, The upper, middle and lower parts are cached, wherein the middle part of the screen can be the main part, and the other four parts are the secondary parts, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the line edge line and the column edge line can be extended at the same time to divide the screen image, as shown in FIG.
  • Step 20 The video transmitting end separately encodes each part of the image, and adds an identifier indicating the position of the partial image to the header of each partial image data packet formed after the encoding, and then broadcasts the data packet of each partial image.
  • the top, bottom, left, right, and middle five-part pictures can be represented by identifiers respectively indicating the corresponding positions, such as three-byte 000, 001, 010, 011, and 100 respectively. And join the corresponding image data package.
  • the various portions of the broadcasted image also carry information representing images belonging to the same frame for easy identification by the recipient.
  • the secondary portion of the image may be reduced in lossy encoding to reduce the pixel, resolution, etc. of the portion, since the secondary portion of the image is less likely to be focused by the user's eye than the major portion.
  • the method can speed up the encoding speed of the transmitting end, and also facilitate the decoding speed of the video receiving end.
  • Step 30 Each video receiving end receives a data packet of a main part of the image according to an attribute such as a screen thereof, and selectively receives a data packet of the secondary part, and performs buffering.
  • the video receiving end first detects its own screen size and the resolution, decoding rate, etc. that can be displayed.
  • the secondary portion of the image that is suitable for itself is selected according to its own screen size and the resolution that can be displayed.
  • PAD has a large length and a small width due to its screen properties.
  • the PAD selects to receive the left, right, and middle three partial images of the screen image, and in step 30, only the image data packets that receive the main portion of the image data packet and the minor portions of the left and right portions are selected. It is not difficult to understand that if the PAD is rotated by 90 degrees, the PAD determines the current position of the screen by its gravity sensor, that is, the current screen size is changed, and the upper, middle and lower screens of the received screen image are selected. Part of the image.
  • a large-screen TV is suitable for displaying a complete image because the screen is large, so the large-screen television can receive the main part of the screen image and select to receive all the secondary parts, that is, the received upper, lower, left, right, and middle parts. Image.
  • the mobile phone can only select the main part of the screen image, that is, the middle part image, because the screen is small.
  • Step 40 Each video receiving end separately decodes the main part of the image and the selected secondary part according to the position identifier in the received data packet header, and performs combined display.
  • each image to be carried represents information belonging to the image segmented by one frame, such as time information or frame identification information in the video, so as not to be mis-framed when the image is combined. combination.
  • the image attribute data such as the resolution (ie, the image size)
  • the image attribute data may also be carried, so that when the screen of the video receiving end is not smaller than the screen size of the transmitting end, It is possible to receive all the image data when it is judged that it can receive all the data based on the image attribute data.
  • the image transmission system provided by the present invention includes a video transmitting end 61 and at least one video receiving end 62, wherein
  • the video sending end 61 includes:
  • the image segmentation module 611 is configured to divide the image to be sent by the video transmitting end 61 into a main part and at least one secondary part;
  • the image configuration module 612 is configured to configure location relationship information, time information, frame identification information, and image attribute data of the main part and the secondary part of the image according to the segmentation condition;
  • An image main part encoding module 613 configured to encode the main part of the image
  • An image secondary portion encoding module 614 is configured to encode the secondary portion of the image
  • An image sending module 615 configured to send a main part and a secondary part of the configured image
  • the video receiving end 62 includes:
  • the image receiving selection module 621 is configured to select a secondary portion of the received image according to the screen attribute parameter of the video receiving end 62;
  • the image receiving module 622 is configured to receive the main portion of the image and the secondary portion selected by the image receiving selection module 621 and the position relationship information, time information, frame identification information, and image attribute data;
  • the image combining module 623 is configured to display the received main portion and the secondary portion in combination.
  • the video transmitting end divides the transmitted image into a main part and a secondary part, each video receiving end receives the main part of the image, and selects a secondary part of the received image according to the attribute parameter of the screen to implement each video receiving end.
  • the normal processing of the video data broadcasted by the video sender can reflect the display effect most suitable for the screen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Description

图像传输的方法及系统
技术领域
本发明涉及图像传输技术领域,特别涉及一种图像传输的方法及系统。
背景技术
随着三网融合技术的发展,多屏幕共享业务可以使当前终端设备所浏览的视频信息及时地发送给其他终端设备,以实现多个屏幕共享该视频数据。多屏共享主要是指由不同的终端的屏幕显示相同的内容。
然而各种终端的屏幕大小、分辨率不同,各个终端的解码能力也不同,因此,如果发送端将视频数据,即图像进行广播后,若各个不同的接收端终端均做相同的图像处理,必然导致某些接收端终端不能正常处理所述图像,影响用户的收看效果。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种图像传输的方法及系统,以实现各个视频接收端对视频发送端广播的视频数据的正常处理。
本发明提供的图像传输方法包括步骤:
A、视频发送端将所要发送的图像分割为主要部分和至少一个次要部分广播发送;
B、视频接收端接收图像的主要部分,并根据其屏幕的属性参数选择接收图像的次要部分;
C、视频接收端将所接收的图像的主要部分和次要部分组合显示。
由上,通过将发送的图像分割为主要部分和次要部分,视频接收端接收图像的主要部分,并依据屏幕的属性,选接收图像的次要部分,实现各个视频接收端对视频发送端所广播的视频数据的正常处理,并可体现出最适合屏幕的显示效果。
可选的,所述图像的主要部分为一矩形部分,所述图像的次要部分为位于所述主要部分的上、下、左和/或右的矩形图像。
由上,通过将次要部分的区域进行分割,以满足更多不同接收方屏幕属性需求。
可选的,步骤A所广播的图像的次要部分还携带表示相对主要部分的位置关系信息;
步骤C所述组合为根据所述位置关系进行组合。
由上,通过视频发送端发送图像的位置关系信息,使视频接收端实现依据所述位置关系信息实现各部分图像的正确组合。
可选的,所述属性参数包括:屏幕的大小、分辨率。
由上,视频接收端通过不同属性,选择适合屏幕的图像。
可选的,所述图像的主要部分和次要部分采用不同的编码方式广播。
由上,通过将主次部分采用不同编码方式,将图像的次要部分采用有损编码方式,以实现加快发送端编码速度,也便于视频接收端加快解码速度。
可选的,步骤A所广播的图像的各个部分还携带表示属于同一帧图像的帧标识信息;
步骤C还包括根据所述表示属于同一帧图像的帧标识信息判断出所接收的图像的主要部分和次要部分为属于一帧图像的步骤。
由上,通过表示属于同一帧图像的信息,实现图像组合准确,不会错帧组合。
本发明提供的图像传输系统,包括视频发送端和至少一个视频接收端,
所述视频发送端包括:
图像分割模块,用于将视频发送端所要发送的图像分割为主要部分和至少一个次要部分;
图像配置模块,用于依照分割情况配置图像的主要部分和次要部分的位置关系信息;
图像主要部分编码模块,用于将所述图像主要部分进行编码;
图像次要部分编码模块,用于将所述图像次要部分进行编码;和
图像发送模块,用于发送图像的主要部分和携带位置关系信息的次要部分;
所述视频接收端包括:
图像接收选择模块,用于依据视频接收端的屏幕属性参数选择接收图像的次要部分;
图像接收模块,用于接收所述图像主要部分以及图像接收选择模块所选择的次要部分及所述位置关系信息;和
图像组合模块,用于将接收的图像主要部分和次要部分根据位置关系信息进行组合显示。
由上,通过将发送的图像分割为主要部分和次要部分,各个接收端接收图像的主要部分,并根据其屏幕的属性参数选择接收图像的次要部分,以实现各个视频接收端对视频发送端所广播的视频数据的正常处理,并可体现出最适合屏幕的显示效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的图像传输方法的流程示意图;
图2为图像分割示意图;
图3-5为图像分割的另一示意图;
图6为本发明图像传输系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供了一种图像的传输方法和系统,下面将结合附图,对本发明实施例进行详细描述。参见图6,本系统包括视频发送端和一个以上的视频接收端,其中,视频发送端采用广播的方式广播视频数据,所述视频数据为多帧图片数据。其中,视频接收端可为电视机、笔记本电脑、手机以及PAD等。将在后文对该系统进行详细描述。
如图1所示,本发明提供的图像传输方法包括以下步骤:
步骤10:视频发送端将屏幕图像分割为主要部分与次要部分,其中,可以将屏幕图像分割为左、右、 上、中、下五部分并进行缓存,其中,屏幕的中间部分可以为主要部分,其他四部分为次要部分,参见图2所示。
不难理解,也可以采用其他图像分割方法,例如:延长列边缘线,对屏幕画面进行分割,参见图3所示。
又如,还可同时延长行边缘线和列边缘线,对屏幕画面进行分割,参见图4所示。
另外,可延长其中的一条行边缘线和一条列边缘线,对屏幕图像进行分割,参见图5所示。
步骤20:视频发送端将各部分图像进行分别编码,并在编码后形成的各部分图像数据包的包头内加入表示该部分图像位置的标识符,然后将各部分图像的数据包进行广播发送。
其中,本实施例中位于上、下、左、右、中五部分图片可以用分别表示相应位置的标识符表示其位置,如用三字节的000、001、010、011、100分别进行表示,并加入相应的图像数据包中。所广播的图像的各个部分还携带表示属于同一帧图像的信息,便于接收方识别。
其中, 对于图像的主要部分和次要部分,可以采用不同的编码方式发送。例如,可以将图像的次要部分采用有损编码方式降低该部分的像素、分辨率等方式,这是因为图像的次要部分相对主要部分被用户眼睛所聚焦的概率要小的多,这种方式可以加快发送端编码速度,也便于视频接收端加快解码速度。
步骤30:各个视频接收端根据自身屏幕等属性,接收图像主要部分的数据包,并有选择的接收次要部分的数据包,并进行缓存。
视频接收端首先检测自身的屏幕大小以及所能显示的分辨率、解码率等。依据自身的屏幕大小以及所能显示的分辨率选择接收适合自身的图像的次要部分。
例如: PAD由于屏幕的长度较大,宽度较小,根据其屏幕属性, PAD选择接收屏幕图像的左、右、中三部分图像,则在步骤30中,仅选择接收主要部分的图像数据包和左、右部分的次要部分的图像数据包。不难理解,若将PAD进行90度旋转,则PAD由其重力感应器判断出屏幕当前所放置的位置状态,即当前屏幕大小长宽数值发生调换,选择接收屏幕图像的上、中、下三部分图像。
又如,大屏电视由于屏幕较大,适于显示完整的图像,因此大屏电视可接收屏幕图像主要部分和选择接收所有次要部分,即接收的上、下、左、右、中五部分的图像。
再如,手机由于屏幕较小,可只选择接收屏幕图像的主要部分,即中间部分图像。
步骤40:各个视频接收端根据接收的数据包包头中的位置标识符,将图像主要部分和选择接收的次要部分分别进行解码后,进行组合显示。
不难理解,为了使得图像组合准确,发送图像时,各个图像要携带均表示属于由一帧图像分割的信息,例如视频中的时间信息或帧标识信息,以在进行图像组合时不会错帧组合。
另外,对于上述步骤20中,在视频发送端广播各个图像数据包时,还可以携带图像属性数据,例如分辨率(即图像大小),这样当视频接收端屏幕不小于发送端的屏幕大小时,其就可以根据图像属性数据判断出其可接收全部数据时,则接收全部图像数据。
如图6所示,本发明所提供的图像传输系统,包括视频发送端61和至少一个视频接收端62,其中,
所述视频发送端61包括:
图像分割模块611,用于将视频发送端61所要发送的图像分割为主要部分和至少一个次要部分;
图像配置模块612,用于依照分割情况配置图像的主要部分和次要部分的位置关系信息、时间信息、帧标识信息以及图像属性数据;
图像主要部分编码模块613,用于将所述图像主要部分进行编码;
图像次要部分编码模块614,用于将所述图像次要部分进行编码;
图像发送模块615,用于发送经配置图像的主要部分和次要部分;
所述视频接收端62包括:
图像接收选择模块621,用于依据视频接收端62的屏幕属性参数选择接收图像的次要部分;
图像接收模块622,用于接收所述图像主要部分以及所图像接收选择模块621所选择的次要部分及所述位置关系信息、时间信息、帧标识信息和图像属性数据;
图像组合模块623,用于将接收的图像主要部分和次要部分进行组合显示。
由上,视频发送端将发送的图像分割为主要部分和次要部分,各个视频接收端接收图像的主要部分,并根据其屏幕的属性参数选择接收图像的次要部分,以实现各个视频接收端对视频发送端所广播的视频数据的正常处理,并可体现出最适合屏幕的显示效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,总之,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种图像传输的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括步骤:
    A、视频发送端将所要发送的图像分割为主要部分和至少一个次要部分广播发送;
    B、视频接收端接收图像的主要部分,并根据其屏幕的属性参数选择接收图像的次要部分;
    C、视频接收端将所接收的图像的主要部分和次要部分组合显示。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述图像的主要部分为一矩形部分,所述图像的次要部分为位于所述主要部分的上、下、左和/或右的矩形图像。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤A所广播的图像的次要部分还携带表示相对主要部分的位置关系信息;
    步骤C所述组合为根据所述位置关系进行组合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述属性参数包括:屏幕的大小、分辨率。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述图像的主要部分和次要部分采用不同的编码方式广播。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤A所广播的图像的各个部分还携带表示属于同一帧图像的帧标识信息;
    步骤C还包括根据所述表示属于同一帧图像的帧标识信息判断出所接收的图像的主要部分和次要部分为属于一帧图像的步骤。
  7. 一种图像传输系统,包括视频发送端和至少一个视频接收端,其特征在于,
    所述视频发送端包括:
    图像分割模块,用于将视频发送端所要发送的图像分割为主要部分和至少一个次要部分;
    图像配置模块,用于依照分割情况配置图像的主要部分和次要部分的位置关系信息;
    图像主要部分编码模块,用于将所述图像主要部分进行编码;
    图像次要部分编码模块,用于将所述图像次要部分进行编码;和
    图像发送模块,用于发送图像的主要部分和携带位置关系信息的次要部分;
    所述视频接收端包括:
    图像接收选择模块,用于依据视频接收端的屏幕属性参数选择接收图像的次要部分;
    图像接收模块,用于接收所述图像主要部分以及图像接收选择模块所选择的次要部分及所述位置关系信息;和
    图像组合模块,用于将接收的图像主要部分和次要部分依据所述位置关系信息进行组合显示。
PCT/CN2012/073740 2012-02-03 2012-04-10 图像传输的方法及系统 Ceased WO2013113192A1 (zh)

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