WO2013105034A1 - Contrôle du taux de xylose d'une biomasse prétraitée - Google Patents

Contrôle du taux de xylose d'une biomasse prétraitée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013105034A1
WO2013105034A1 PCT/IB2013/050187 IB2013050187W WO2013105034A1 WO 2013105034 A1 WO2013105034 A1 WO 2013105034A1 IB 2013050187 W IB2013050187 W IB 2013050187W WO 2013105034 A1 WO2013105034 A1 WO 2013105034A1
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content
liquid
biomass
xylooligomers
severity factor
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PCT/IB2013/050187
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English (en)
Inventor
Paolo Torre
Simone Ferrero
Piero Ottonello
Francesco Cherchi
Dario Giordano
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Beta Renewables S.P.A.
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Publication of WO2013105034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013105034A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/02—Monosaccharides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds

Definitions

  • Lignocellulosic biomass is particularly attractive as feedstock for green chemicals production because of its relatively low cost and great abundance.
  • Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth and biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass has become the major focus of intensive research and development.
  • Lignocellulosic biomass often requires pretreatment to liberate the sugars contained within cellulose fibres embedded in the hete- ro-matrix of plant cell walls.
  • Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application Agbor et al., Biotechnology Advances 29 (2011) 675-685, authors present a review of pretreatment processes.
  • the ideal pretreatment process produces a disrupted, hydrated pretreated lignocellulosic biomass that is easily hydrolyzed but avoids the formation of sugar degradation products and fermentation inhibitors.
  • Assessment of biomass pretreatment processes depends on a parameter called the "severity factor", which is defined for each pretreatment method, and which takes into account the combined effect of parameters affecting the pretreatment, such for instance as temperature, acidity, and duration.
  • a process characterized by a high severity factor is more effective in disrupting the lignocellulosic biomass and increasing the accessibility to cellulose in the following steps for converting the cellu- lose to simple sugars; on the other side, it produces also high amount of sugar degradation products and fermentation inhibitors, mainly due to hemicellulose degradation.
  • a process characterized by a low severity factor has low degradation effects on sugars, but it is not able to destructure lignocellulosic biomass efficiently.
  • lignocellulosic biomass is usually treated with high pressure saturated steam at high temperatures.
  • the pressure promote hemicellulose hydrolysis.
  • Hemicellulose is the predominant fraction of the carbohydrates solubilized in the liquid phase during pre- treatment, while the lignin is transformed as result of the high temperature.
  • the cellulose in the solid fraction becomes more accessible hence increasing the digestibility of the lignocellulosic feedstock.
  • the steam explosion process is described by a parameter known as severity factor and indicated by Ro.
  • Severity factor combines time and temperature in one unique parameter defined as with temperature,T, expressed in Celsius and time, t, expressed in minutes.
  • the formula is also expressed as Log (Ro), namely
  • WO2010113129 discloses a process comprising the steps of:
  • compositions of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprising a solid, a liquid, furfural, an amount of C5's based upon the amount of arabinan and xylan and the monomers, dimers, oligomers and polymers of arabinose and xylose in the liquid and solid of the composition, an amount of C6's based upon the glucan content which includes the monomers, dimers, oligomers and polymers of glucan in the liquid and solid of the com- positions.
  • compositions can be characterized on the basis of their C5, C6 and furfural amounts.
  • the total C5's in the composition is the sum of arabinan and xylan in the composition which includes the monomers, dimers, oligomers and polymers of arabinose and xylose in the liquid and solid of the composition.
  • the total C6's in the composition is the glucan content which includes the monomers, dimers, oligomers and polymers in the liquid and solid.
  • composition produced by a process for the treatment of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprising the steps of:
  • composition produced by the process characte- rized by specific ranges of the sum of first severity factor and second severity factor, has a low content of xylans degradation products and that the composition has a high content of xylooligomers.
  • compositions produced according to the process wherein the sum of first severity factor and second severity factor is in the range between 5000 and 17000; wherein the ratio between xylooligomers content and the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content is greater than 0,5; and wherein the ratio between the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content and solubilized xylans content is greater than 0,35. It is also disclosed a composition wherein the ratio between xylooligomers content and the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content is in the range selected from the group consisting of 0,5 to 0,75, 0,5 to 1, 0,75 to 1.
  • composition wherein the ratio between the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content and solubilized xylans content is in the range selected from the group consisting of 0,35 to 0,5, 0,35 to 0,75, 0,35 to 1, 0,5 to 0,75, 0,5 to 1, 0,75 to 1.
  • composition wherein the sum of first severity factor and second severity factor is in the range selected from the group consisting of 5000 to 8000, 5000 to 11000, 8000 to 11000, 8000 to 17000, 11000 to 17000.
  • Figure 1 plots the ratio between the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content and solubilized xylans in function of severity factor for all the tests performed.
  • Figure 2 plots the ratio between xylooligomers content and the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers in function of severity factor for all the tests performed.
  • the invention disclosed is an improved process for the treatment of ligno-cellulosic bio- mass.
  • Ligno-cellulosic biomass is the feedstock of the process.
  • Plant biomass is a preferred feedstock. Apart from starch the three major constituents in plant biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are commonly referred to by the generic term lignocellulose. Polysaccharide-containing biomasses as a generic term include both starch and lignocellulosic biomasses. Therefore, some types of feedstocks can be plant biomass, polysaccharide containing biomass, and lignocellulosic biomass. A typical lignocellullosic biomass will contain cellulose, with amounts being at least 5 percent by weight of the total amount of dry biomass, with at least 10% and 20% by weight of the total amount of dry biomass.
  • the ligno-cellulosic biomass may also contain starch in the amounts preferably less than 50% by weight, with less than 45, 35 and 15 weight percents even more preferred. If the biomass is a polysaccharide-containing biomass and it is lignocellulosic, a pre- treatment is often used to ensure that the structure of the lignocellulosic content is rendered more accessible to the enzymes, and at the same time the concentrations of harmful inhibitory by-products such as acetic acid, furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural remain substantially low.
  • Polysaccharide-containing biomasses according to the present invention include any material containing polymeric sugars e.g. in the form of starch as well as refined starch, cellu- lose and hemicellulose.
  • biomasses de- rived from grasses and more specifically agricultural crops such as e.g.: starch e.g. starch containing grains and refined starch; com stover, bagasse, straw e.g. from rice, wheat, rye, oat, barley, rape, sorghum; softwood e.g. Pinus sylvestris, Pinus radiate; hardwood e.g. Salix spp. Eucalyptus spp.; tubers e.g. beet, potato; cereals from e.g.
  • the ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock is preferably from the family usually called grasses.
  • the proper name is the family known as Poaceae or Gramineae in the Class Liliopsida (the monocots) of the flowering plants. Plants of this family are usually called grasses, or, to distinguish them from other graminoids, true grasses. bamboo is also included. There are about 600 genera and some 9,000-10,000 or more species of grasses (Kew Index of World Grass Species).
  • Poaceae includes the staple food grains and cereal crops grown around the world, lawn and forage grasses, and bamboo.
  • Poaceae generally have hollow stems called culms, which are plugged (solid) at intervals called nodes, the points along the culm at which leaves arise.
  • Grass Leaves are usually alternate, distichous (in one plane) or rarely spiral, and parallel- veined. Each leaf is differentiated into a lower sheath which hugs the stem for a distance and a blade with margins usually entire.
  • the leaf blades of many grasses are hardened with silica phytoliths, which helps discourage grazing animals. In some grasses (such as sword grass) this makes the edges of the grass blades sharp enough to cut human skin.
  • a membranous appendage or fringe of hairs, called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath.
  • Grass blades grow at the base of the blade and not from elongated stem tips. This low growth point evolved in response to grazing animals and allows grasses to be grazed or mown regularly without severe damage to the plant.
  • a spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets.
  • a floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts called the lemma (the external one) and the palea (the internal).
  • the flowers are usually hermaphroditic (maize, monoecious, is an exception) and pollination is almost always anemophilous.
  • lodicules that expand and contract to spread the lemma and pa- lea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals.
  • This complex structure can be seen in the image on the left, portraying a wheat (Triticum aestivum) spike.
  • the fruit of Poaceae is a caryopsis in which the seed coat is fused to the fruit wall and thus, not separable from it (as in a maize kernel).
  • bunch-type also called caespitose
  • stoloniferous stoloniferous
  • rhizomatous stoloniferous
  • the success of the grasses lies in part in their morphology and growth processes, and in part in their physiological diversity. Most of the grasses divide into two physiological groups, using the C3 and C4 photo synthetic pathways for carbon fixation.
  • the C4 grasses have a photo synthetic pathway linked to specialized Kranz leaf anatomy that particularly adapts them to hot climates and an atmosphere low in carbon dioxide.
  • C3 grasses are referred to as "cool season grasses” while C4 plants are considered “warm season grasses”.
  • Grasses may be either annual or perennial. Examples of annual cool season are wheat, rye, annual bluegrass (annual meadowgrass, Poa annua and oat).
  • Examples of perennial cool season are orchardgrass (cocksfoot, Dactylis glomerata), fescue (Festuca spp), Kentucky Bluegrass and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne).
  • Examples of annual warm season are corn, sudangrass and pearl millet.
  • Examples of Perennial Warm Season are big bluestem, indiangrass, bermudagrass and switchgrass.
  • Agricultural grasses grown for their edible seeds are called cereals.
  • Three common cereals are rice, wheat and maize (corn). Of all crops, 70% are grasses.
  • Sugarcane is the major source of sugar production.
  • Grasses are used for construction. Scaffolding made from bamboo is able to withstand typhoon force winds that would break steel scaffolding. Larger bamboos and Arundo donax have stout culms that can be used in a manner similar to timber, and grass roots stabilize the sod of sod houses. Arundo is used to make reeds for woodwind instruments, and bamboo is used for innumerable implements.
  • a preferred ligno-cellulosic biomass may be selected from the group consisting of the grasses and woods.
  • a preferred ligno-cellulosic biomass may be selected from the group consisting of the plants belonging to the conifers, angiosperms, Poaceae and/or Gramineae families.
  • Another preferred ligno-cellulosic biomass may also be that biomass having at least 10% by weight of it dry matter as cellulose, or more preferably at least 5% by weight of its dry matter as cellulose.
  • the ligno-cellulosic biomass will also comprise carbohydrate(s) selected from the group of carbohydrates based upon the glucose, xylose, and mannose monomers. Being derived from ligno-cellulosic biomass, means that the ligno-cellulosic biomass of the feed stream will comprise glucans and xylans and lignin.
  • the ligno-cellulosic biomass feedstock may also be from woody plants.
  • a woody plant is a plant that uses wood as its structural tissue. These are typically perennial plants whose stems and larger roots are reinforced with wood produced adjacent to the vascular tissues. The main stem, larger branches, and roots of these plants are usually covered by a layer of thickened bark. Woody plants are usually either trees, shrubs, or lianas. Wood is a structural cellular adaptation that allows woody plants to grow from above ground stems year after year, thus making some woody plants the largest and tallest plants.
  • xylem vascular cambium
  • conifers there are some six hundred species of conifers. All species have secondary xylem, which is relatively uniform in structure throughout this group. Many conifers become tall trees: the secondary xylem of such trees is marketed as softwood.
  • angiosperms there are some quarter of a million to four hundred thousand species of angiosperms. Within this group secondary xylem has not been found in the monocots (e.g Poaceae). Many non-monocot angiosperms become trees, and the secondary xylem of these is marketed as hardwood.
  • the term softwood is used to describe wood from trees that belong to gymnosperms.
  • the gymnosperms are plants with naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary. These seed "fruits" are considered more primitive than hardwoods.
  • Softwood trees are usual ly evergreen, bear cones, and have needles or scalelike leaves. They include conifer species e.g. pine, spruces, firs, and cedars. Wood hardness varies among the conifer species.
  • the term hardwood is used to describe wood from trees that belong to angiosperm family.
  • Angio sperms are plants with ovules enclosed for protection in an ovary. When fertilized, these ovules develop into seeds.
  • the hardwood trees are usually broad-leaved; in temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. These leaves can be either simple (single blades) or they can be compound with leaflets attached to a leaf stem. Although variable in shape all hardwood leaves have a distinct network of fine veins.
  • the hardwood plants include e.g. Aspen, Birch, Cherry, Maple, Oak and Teak.
  • the material may be cut into pieces where 20% (w/w) of the biomass preferably ranges within 26-70mm, before pre- treatment.
  • the pre-treated material has preferably a dry matter content above 20% before entering the process. Besides liberating the carbohydrates from the biomass, the pre- treatment process sterilizes and partly dissolves the biomass and at the same time washes out potassium chloride from the lignin fraction.
  • the biomass will contain some compounds which are hydrolysable into a water-soluble species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass.
  • cellulose can be hy- drolyzed into glucose, cellobiose, and higher glucose polymers and includes dimers and oliogomers. Therefore, if the biomass contains cellulose, then glucose and gluxooligumers are a water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass.
  • the hydrolysis products of hemicellulose are water soluble species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass, assuming of course, that the biomass contains hemicellulose.
  • Hemicellulose includes xylan, glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, glucomannan, and xyloglucan.
  • Hemicellulose can be hydrolyzed into xylose, and higher xilose polymers and includes di- mers and oligomers. Therefore, if the biomass contains hemicellulose, then xylose and xy- loligomers are water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass. Solubilized xylans means xylans contained in the biomass which are hydrolyzed into water soluble species. This species comprise xylose, xylooligomers and product of degradation of xylans, such as furfurals and hydroxymethyl furfural.
  • Solubilized xylans are defined as the difference between the insoluble xylans in the raw material and the insoluble xylans in the steam exploded solid. Solubilized xylans are the xylans in the raw material that are hydrolyzed to xylose, xylooligomers and other degradation products.
  • composition is produced by a process comprising the steps of:
  • the first step in the process is the soaking of a biomass feedstock in a substance such as water in either vapor form, steam, or liquid form or liquid and steam together, a first temperature Ti for a first time ti, to produce a product.
  • the product is a soaked biomass con- taining a first liquid, with the first liquid usually being water in its liquid or vapor form or some mixture.
  • This soaking can be done by any number of techniques that expose a substance to water, which could be steam or liquid or mixture of steam and water, or, more in general, to water at high temperature and high pressure.
  • the temperature should be in one of the following ranges: 145 to 165°C, 120 to 210°C, 140 to 210°C, 150 to 200°C, 155 to 185°C, 160 to 180°C.
  • the time could be lengthy, such as up to but less than 24 hours, or less than 16 hours, or less than 12 hours, or less than 9 hours or less than 6 hours; the time of exposure is preferably quite short, ranging from 1 minute to 6 hours, from 1 minute to 4 hours, from 1 minute to 3 hours, from 1 minute to 2.5 hours, more preferably 5 minutes to 1.5 hours, 5 minutes to 1 hour, 15 minutes to 1 hour.
  • the soaking step can be batch or continuous, with or without stirring.
  • the severity of the soaking is a function of time and temperature and is expressed as
  • a low temperature soaking prior to the high temperature soaking can be done.
  • the temperature of the low temperature soaking is in the range of 25 to 90°C.
  • the time could be lengthy, such as up to but less than 24 hours, or less than 16 hours, or less than 12 hours, or less than 9 hours or less than 6 hours; the time of exposure is preferably quite short, ranging from 1 minute to 6 hours, from 1 minute to 4 hours, from 1 minute to 3 hours, from 1 minute to 2.5 hours, more preferably 5 minutes to 1.5 hours, 5 minutes to 1 hour, 15 minutes to 1 hour.
  • This low temperature soaking produces a fourth liquid stream that has been separated from the low temperature soaked biomass after low temperature soaking.
  • Either the soaking steps could also include the addition of other compounds, e.g. H2S04, NH3, in order to achieve higher performance later on in the process.
  • the product comprising the first liquid is then passed to a separation step where the first liquid is separated from the soaked biomass.
  • the liquid will not completely separate so that at least a portion of the liquid is separated, with preferably as much liquid as possible in an economic time frame.
  • the liquid from this separation step is known as the first liquid stream comprising the first liquid.
  • the first liquid will be the liquid used in the soaking, generally water and the soluble species of the feedstock. These water soluble species are glucan, xylan, galactan, arabinan, glucolygomers, xyloolygomers, galactolygomers and arabinolygomers.
  • the solid biomass is called the first solid stream as it contains most, if not all, of the solids.
  • the separation of the liquid can again be done by known techniques and likely some which have yet been invented.
  • a preferred piece of equipment is a press, as a press will generate a liquid under high pressure which is useful as described later.
  • the first solid stream is then subjected to steam explosion to a second temperature for a second time to create a steam exploded stream, corresponding to a second severity factor Ro2
  • T 2 expressed in Celsius
  • t 2 expressed in minutes
  • First severity factor and second severity factor are combined to a global severity factor related to the whole process according to the formula Ro can be in the range from 5000 and 17000, 5000 to 8000, 5000 to 11000, 8000 to 11000, 8000 to 17000, 11000 to 17000.
  • the steam exploded stream may be optionally washed at least with water and there may be other additives used as well. It is conceivable that another liquid may be used in the future, so water is not believed to be absolutely essential. At this point, water is the preferred liquid and if water is used, it is considered the third liquid. This wash step is not considered essential and is optional.
  • the washed exploded stream is then processed to remove at least a portion of the liquid in the washed exploded material. The term at least a portion is removed, is to remind one that while removal of as much liquid as possible is desirable (pressing), it is unlikely that 100% removal is possible. In any event, 100% removal of the water is not desirable since water is needed for the subsequent hydrolysis reaction.
  • the preferred process for this step is again a press, but other known techniques and those not invented yet are believed to be suitable.
  • the solids separated from this process are in the second solid stream.
  • the liquid removed from the washed exploded stream is the second liquid stream.
  • a fraction of the first liquid and a fraction of the second liquid are added to create a com- position.
  • the third liquid is added to the composition.
  • the fourth liquid is added to the composition.
  • the hemicellulose derived sugars in the composition has a xylooligomers content higher than in other processes;
  • the hemicellulose derived sugars content is higher than in other processes.
  • the novel composition can be characterized on the basis of the xylose and xylooligomers content in the composition and the solubilized xylans content.
  • Xylose content in the composition is the amount of xylose in the composition obtained from the ligno- cellulosic biomass.
  • Xylooligomers content in the composition is the amount of xylooligomers in the composition obtained from the ligno-cellulosic biomass.
  • the composition is characterized by a ratio between the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content and solubilized xylans content greater than 0,35, or in a range selected from the group consisting of 0,5 to 0,75, 0,5 to 1, 0,75 to 1.
  • the composition is characterized by a ratio between xylooligomers content and the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content greater than 0,5, or in a range selected from the group consisting of 0,35 to 0,5, 0,35 to 0,75, 0,35 to 1, 0,5 to 0,75, 0,5 to 1, 0,75 to 1.
  • the ratio between the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers con- tent over the solubilized content in the composition obtained by the process of the present invention corresponding to a global severity factor is greater than the ratio between the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content over the solubilized content in the composition obtained by a single step steam explosion process corresponding at the severity factor equivalent to the global severity factor of the process of the present invention.
  • the ratio between xylooligomers content and the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content in the composition obtained by the process of the present invention corresponding to a global severity factor is greater than the ratio between xyloo- ligomers content and the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content in the composition obtained by a single step steam explosion process corresponding at the severity factor equivalent to the global severity factor of the process of the present invention.
  • Insoluble xylans concentration was measured in raw material and steam exploded solid.
  • Xylose and xylooligomers concentration was measured in the composition.
  • Content of insoluble xylans in the raw material was calculated multiplying the amount of raw material by the concentration of xylans in raw material.
  • Content of insoluble xylans in the raw ma- terial was calculated multiplying the amount of steam exploded solid by the concentration of xylans in steam exploded solid.
  • Content of xylose and xylooligomers in the composition was calculated multiplying the amount of xylose and xylooligomers by the concentration of xylose and xylooligomers, respectively.
  • global severity factor corresponds to the the severity factor of steam explosion.
  • the ratio between xylooligomers content and the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers and the ratio between the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content and solubilized xylans are also reported.
  • solubilized xylans are calculated as the difference between the insoluble xy- lans in the raw material and the insoluble xylans in the steam exploded solid. Solubilized xylans are the xylans in the raw material that are hydrolyzed to xylose, xylooligomers and other degradation products.
  • the ratio between the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers content and solubilized xy- lans for all the tests performed are plotted in Figure 1.
  • the ratio in soaking and steam explosion tests is higher than in steam explosion tests.
  • the plot highlights that the composition produced by soaking and steam explosion steps corresponding to a global severity factor has a lower content of degradation products than the liquid produced by a steam explosion step corresponding to a severity factor equivalent to the global severity factor.
  • the ratio between xylooligomers content and the sum of xylose content and xylooligomers for all the tests performed are plotted in Figure 2.
  • the plot highlights that: the disclosed composition, produced by soaking and steam explosion steps is rich in xylooligomers, being xylooligomers content more than 60% of the content of xylans derived sugars in all the tests performed;
  • the xylooligomers content in the disclosed composition produced at a global severity factor is in general more rich in xylooligomers than the liquid produced by a steam explosion step corresponding to a severity factor equivalent to the global severity factor.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne le contrôle du taux de xylose d'une biomasse prétraitée. La composition est produite par un procédé pour le traitement d'une biomasse ligno-cellulosique comprenant les étapes consistant à : A) tremper une charge de biomasse ligno-cellulosique dans de l'eau sous forme de vapeur ou de liquide ou leur mélange à une première température et pendant une première durée correspondant à un premier facteur de sévérité pour créer une biomasse trempée dotée d'une teneur en matière sèche et d'un premier liquide ; B) séparer au moins une partie du premier liquide issu de la biomasse trempée pour créer un courant de premier liquide et un courant de premières matières solides, le courant de premières matières solides comprenant la biomasse trempée ; C) exploser à la vapeur le courant de premières matières solides à une seconde température pendant une seconde durée correspondant à un second facteur de sévérité pour créer un courant explosé à la vapeur comprenant des matières solides et un second liquide ; D) ajouter au moins une fraction du premier liquide et une fraction du second liquide pour créer la composition, la somme du premier facteur de sévérité et du second facteur de sévérité se trouvant dans la plage comprise entre 5000 et 17000 ; et où : I. le rapport entre la teneur en xylo-oligomères et la somme de la teneur en xylose et de la teneur en xylo-oligomères est supérieur à 0,5 ; II. le rapport entre la somme de la teneur en xylose et de la teneur en xylo-oligomères et la teneur en xylanes solubilisés est supérieur à 0,35.
PCT/IB2013/050187 2012-01-10 2013-01-09 Contrôle du taux de xylose d'une biomasse prétraitée WO2013105034A1 (fr)

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IT000010A ITTO20120010A1 (it) 2012-01-10 2012-01-10 Controllo del rapporto di xilosio di biomassa pretrattata.
ITTO2012A000010 2012-01-10

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016042053A1 (fr) 2014-09-19 2016-03-24 Beta Renewables S.P.A. Procédé continu pour le traitement d'une biomasse lignocellulosique
FR3095649A1 (fr) * 2019-05-03 2020-11-06 Europeenne De Biomasse Substrat pulvérulent obtenu par vapocraquage d’une biomasse sans auxiliaire chimique et ses utilisations

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090062232A1 (en) * 2005-04-15 2009-03-05 Suntory Limited High-Purity Xylooligosaccharide Compositions
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