WO2013100428A1 - Toilettes à réduction de bruit, à économie d'eau et sans réservoir de chasse d'eau - Google Patents

Toilettes à réduction de bruit, à économie d'eau et sans réservoir de chasse d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013100428A1
WO2013100428A1 PCT/KR2012/010554 KR2012010554W WO2013100428A1 WO 2013100428 A1 WO2013100428 A1 WO 2013100428A1 KR 2012010554 W KR2012010554 W KR 2012010554W WO 2013100428 A1 WO2013100428 A1 WO 2013100428A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
toilet
stopper
connection pipe
drainage structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2012/010554
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
간현규
Original Assignee
글로벌코리아 주식회사
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 글로벌코리아 주식회사 filed Critical 글로벌코리아 주식회사
Priority to JP2014549968A priority Critical patent/JP2015505345A/ja
Publication of WO2013100428A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013100428A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00—Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D9/00—Sanitary or other accessories for lavatories ; Devices for cleaning or disinfecting the toilet room or the toilet bowl; Devices for eliminating smells
    • E03D9/14—Noise-reducing means combined with flushing valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D5/00—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system
    • E03D5/012—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system combined with movable closure elements in the bowl outlet
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D5/00—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system
    • E03D5/10—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system operated electrically, e.g. by a photo-cell; also combined with devices for opening or closing shutters in the bowl outlet and/or with devices for raising/or lowering seat and cover and/or for swiveling the bowl
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D5/00—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system
    • E03D5/10—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system operated electrically, e.g. by a photo-cell; also combined with devices for opening or closing shutters in the bowl outlet and/or with devices for raising/or lowering seat and cover and/or for swiveling the bowl
    • E03D5/105—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system operated electrically, e.g. by a photo-cell; also combined with devices for opening or closing shutters in the bowl outlet and/or with devices for raising/or lowering seat and cover and/or for swiveling the bowl touchless, e.g. using sensors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D2201/00—Details and methods of use for water closets and urinals not otherwise provided for
    • E03D2201/20—Noise reduction features
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D3/00—Flushing devices operated by pressure of the water supply system flushing valves not connected to the water-supply main, also if air is blown in the water seal for a quick flushing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a toilet, and more particularly, by applying a structure without a water tank, while maintaining the interior of the toilet body in a comfortable state while reducing the consumption of water and ultra-low water and sound-absorbing water tank with reduced noise generation It is about toilet.
  • a toilet is a western-style toilet for sitting and viewing toilets.
  • the toilet is configured to discharge urine and faeces into a septic tank by water pressure, and is installed in a toilet in a home or a business building.
  • the flush toilet In the general flush toilet, a certain amount of water is desalted inside the toilet, and when water is supplied from the tank at the rear of the toilet, the flushing is performed by inhaling and draining the excrement inside the toilet by the siphon principle according to the pressure difference. It consists of a toilet body and a water tank.
  • the desalination body is formed by opening the freshwater space upwards, a siphon trap is formed at the lower end of the freshwater space, and a cleaning flow path is formed along the upper inner circumference of the freshwater space.
  • a plurality of cleaning jet ports are formed in the cleaning channel, and water is jetted through the cleaning jet ports to clean the fresh water space portion of the toilet body.
  • a water supply hole is formed at the bottom of the water tank in communication with the valve element, and a water stopper is installed to open and close the water supply hole. And, one side in the tank is provided with a ball top with a ball is to adjust the water supply and the amount of the tank.
  • the stopper is connected to the operating lever mounted on the outside of the tank through the connection chain is to be able to open the water supply hole by the rotation operation of the operating lever.
  • the conventional toilet is configured to discharge quickly through the siphon trap formed by the sewage of the stool mixed with the stool, the noise generated by the water washing is large, the siphon trap is often caused by dirt (pause, etc.) In some cases, clogging may occur, in which case the function of the toilet may be impaired, and the use of the toilet may not be possible, or the waste water discharged through the siphon trap may flow back to a predetermined amount, resulting in unclean (mixed stool) water in the freshwater space. May remain. In this case, the washing again causes water consumption, resulting in the consumption of more water, which raises the problem of amplifying the waste of water.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above, by implementing a simplified structure in which the tank is removed, the waste water (feces, urine containing less than 15-20%, approximately 2L) ) Can be easily discharged without noise, and the amount of sewage can be reduced to reduce environmental pollution, and the purpose is to provide ultra-low water and noise-reducing toilets without water tanks by greatly reducing manufacturing costs.
  • Fresh water space portion is formed therein, the main body with a cleaning flow path formed along the upper inner circumference of the fresh water space portion;
  • a seat rotatably installed on an upper side of the toilet body
  • a drainage structure installed in a vertical direction under the freshwater space
  • a drainage connection pipe disposed inside the drainage structure, communicatively connected to a lower end side of the freshwater space part, and having a discharge port formed at a lower end thereof;
  • An opening and closing unit having a stopper for opening and closing the outlet of the drain connection pipe
  • a detection unit installed at the seat side to detect a use state of a toilet seat
  • Sewage discharge switch installed on one side of the upper surface of the toilet body
  • a cleaning water supply pipe connected directly to the cleaning flow path of the fresh water space
  • a water supply valve installed in the middle of the cleaning water supply pipe and configured of an electronic on / off valve
  • the sensing unit may select one of an automatic sensing sensor and a manual switch.
  • the opening and closing unit includes a plug for opening and closing the outlet of the drain connection pipe and a solenoid for driving the plug,
  • the stopper is pivotally installed on one side of the drain connection pipe via a hinge member
  • a hinge member is fixed to one side of the stopper, and the hinge member is pivotally hinged to one side of the drain connection pipe by a hinge pin, so that the stopper and the hinge member pivotally move around the hinge pin.
  • the solenoid is installed between the outer surface of the stopper and the inner wall surface of the drainage structure adjacent to the deflection spring for biasing the stopper toward the outlet side of the drain connection pipe and in one direction to pivot the stopper outward. It is characterized by extruding.
  • the solenoid is installed on one side of the drain connection pipe adjacent to the hinge member, the solenoid is pushed out of the hinge member and the stopper by the plunger forward / backward as the power is applied to the outside from the outlet of the drain connection pipe It is characterized in that it is configured to pivot.
  • the deflection spring is characterized by consisting of a torsion spring having a coil portion and a pair of spring legs extending from both sides of the coil portion.
  • One side of the drainage structure is provided with a fixed shaft, the coil portion is fitted on the fixed axis of the drainage structure, one spring leg is supported on the outer surface of the stopper, the other spring leg is on the inner wall side of the adjacent drainage structure It is characterized in that it is supported.
  • a secondary odor backflow prevention device is installed at a lower end of the drainage structure, and the odor or foreign matter generated in the septic tank is offset by the secondary odor backflow prevention device.
  • the water when the water is not used, the water is kept fresh in the desalination space of the stool body, and the size of the water can be made more compact by applying a structure without a water tank in which cleaning and discharge of dirt are performed only during use.
  • the appearance can be designed in a variety of ways according to the consumer's taste, there is an advantage that can be obtained economic effects through the reduction of material costs.
  • the present invention can be reliably cut off noise or backflow by discharging the sewage from the freshwater space portion of the toilet body in the vertical direction through the vertical installation structure of the drain connection pipe and the drainage structure, no residue is left,
  • the toilet is used 8 ⁇ 12L of water at one time, but the present invention can be treated with less than about 2L as much as 15 ⁇ 20% compared with the existing one, and it can reduce the environmental pollution while reducing the amount of sewage according to the quantity reduction. Also, since there is no fresh water in the toilet body after using the toilet, there is no advantage of freezing in winter.
  • a secondary odor backflow prevention device is installed at a lower end of the drainage structure, and a pleasant environment is provided by offsetting the inflow of odors or foreign substances generated in the septic tank by the secondary odor backflow prevention device. There is a very useful effect that a pleasant environment is provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a toilet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view showing an enlarged portion of the arrow A of Figure 1, a view showing a state in which the drain connection pipe is closed by the closing operation of the opening and closing unit.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing a state in which the drain connection pipe is opened by the opening operation of the opening and closing unit in FIG.
  • 1 to 3 is a view showing the ultra-low water and the sound-reduction type toilet without the tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the toilet includes a toilet main body 10 from which the tank is removed.
  • the desalination body 10 is formed by partitioning the freshwater space 11 through the curved wall 11a, and the cleaning passage 12 is formed along the inner circumference of the freshwater space 11.
  • the toilet body 10 has a structure in which the water tank is removed, unlike the conventional toilet, and the cleaning water supply pipe 13 is directly connected to the cleaning flow passage 12 side.
  • the cleaning water supply pipe 13 is installed through the toilet body 10, and the external water supply pipe 13a is connected to the cleaning water supply pipe 13, so that water from the external water supply pipe 13a is supplied through the cleaning water supply pipe 13 to the cleaning flow path 12. Water is fed directly to the side.
  • Sewage discharge switch 18 is installed on one side of the upper surface of the toilet body 10, by the operation of the sewage discharge switch 18 may be discharged sewage containing feces or urine.
  • a water supply valve 14 is provided, and the water supply valve 14 is constituted by an electronic valve such as a solenoid valve.
  • the water supply valve 14 is constituted by an electronic valve such as a solenoid valve.
  • water may be supplied to the cleaning flow passage 12 through the cleaning water supply pipe 13 by the opening and closing operation of the water supply valve 14.
  • a plurality of water outlets 12a are formed in the circumferential direction in the cleaning passage 12, and the water is ejected into the freshwater space 11 through the water outlet 12a to clean the freshwater space 11. It may be temporarily filled or discharged with sewage.
  • a seat 16 On the upper side of the toilet seat 10 is a seat 16 which can be seated by the user is rotatably installed, the seat 16 is provided with a sensing unit 15 that can detect the user to use for stool or urine do.
  • the sensing unit 15 may be an automatic sensing sensor, and the sensing unit 15 of the automatic sensing sensor allows the user to sit on the seat 16 to stool or urinate or to urinate in the case of men. It is configured to automatically detect and operate the state of use of the toilet such as the operation of turning the seat 16 upward to see the vertical position such as the automatic detection sensor.
  • the sensing unit 15 may be a manual switch, which may be configured to manually manipulate the use of the toilet by directly operating the manual switch before the user stool or urinate. .
  • the drainage structure 20 is disposed below the freshwater space 11 of the valve body 10 in the vertical direction, and in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the drainage structure 20 may be formed in a curved structure, such as a vial shape. In addition, the drainage structure 20 may be formed in various other shapes.
  • the drainage structure 20 may be of a structure in which the shaft diameter portion 21 is formed in the lower portion to facilitate the discharge of sewage.
  • the drainage connection pipe 25 is disposed inside the drainage structure 20, and the drainage connection pipe 25 is connected to communicate with the lower side of the freshwater space 11, and the lower end of the drainage structure 20 is a septic tank side. Is connected to.
  • the drainage connection pipe 25 is configured to be discharged in the direct direction of the sewage in the freshwater space 11 by being connected in a vertical direction to the lower side of the freshwater space 11.
  • a discharge port 25a is formed at the lower end of the drain connection pipe 25, and the opening and closing unit 30 is installed adjacent to the discharge port 25a of the drain connection pipe 25.
  • the opening and closing unit 30 includes a stopper 31 for opening and closing the outlet 25a of the drain connection pipe 25 and a solenoid 35 for driving the stopper 31.
  • the outlet 25a of the drain connection pipe 25 is composed of a cross-sectional inclination in the diagonal direction, through which the opening and closing operation by the stopper 31 of the opening and closing unit 30 can be made more quickly, so that Discharge operation can be made more quickly and smoothly, and also has the advantage that the installation, replacement, repair, etc. of the opening and closing unit 30 can be very quickly and simply.
  • the stopper 31 is pivotally installed on one side of the drain connection pipe 25 via the hinge member 32.
  • the hinge member 32 is fixed to one side of the stopper 31, and the hinge member 32 is pivotally hinged by a hinge pin 32a on one side of the drain connection pipe 25, thereby the stopper 31 And the hinge member 32 pivotally move around the hinge pin 32a.
  • the solenoid 35 is installed between the outer surface of the stopper 31 and the inner wall surface of the drainage structure 20 adjacent thereto as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to drain the stopper 31.
  • a solenoid 35 which pushes the stopper 31 in one direction so as to pivot the deflection spring 33 and the stopper 31 which impart a biasing force to deflect toward the outlet 25a side of the connecting pipe 25. ).
  • the deflection spring 33 is composed of a torsion spring having a coil portion 33a and a pair of spring legs 33b and 33c extending from both sides of the coil portion 33a, as shown in Figs. .
  • a fixed shaft 24 is installed at one side of the drainage structure 20, and the coil part 33a is fitted on the fixed shaft 24 of the drainage structure 20, and one spring leg 33b is plug 31. It is supported on the outer surface of the other spring leg 33c is supported on the inner wall surface side of the adjacent drainage structure (20).
  • the deflection spring 33 may be composed of various deflection members that impart a biasing force to deflect the stopper 31 to the outlet 25a side of the drain connection pipe 25 such as a leaf spring or a compression spring.
  • the deflection spring 33 deflects the stopper 31 to the outlet 25a side of the drainage connection pipe 25 when the toilet is not in use as shown in FIG. 2 and discharges the drainage pipe 25 when the toilet is not in use. 25a) is always closed.
  • one side of the drain connection pipe 25 adjacent to the hinge member 32 is provided with a solenoid 35 that operates to pivot the hinge member 32, as shown in Figure 3 the plunger 35a of the solenoid 35 As the hinge member 32 is pushed outward, the hinge member 32 and the stopper 31 pivot outwardly from the outlet 25a of the drain connection pipe 25 so as to discharge the outlet port 25 of the drain connection pipe 25. 25a) can be opened.
  • the deflection spring 33 is compressed and deformed by the driving of the solenoid 35, and when the operation of the solenoid 35 is stopped, the deflection spring 33 returns the stopper 31 to its original position (closed position). Impart deflection force.
  • the solenoid may be made of an electric motor such as a step motor, and the hinge member 32 and the stopper 31 are pivoted about the hinge pin 32a to drain by driving the electric motor.
  • the outlet 25a of the connecting pipe 25 can be opened and closed.
  • the present invention discharges the sewage in the vertical direction as the drainage structure 20 and the drainage connection pipe 25 are installed in the vertical direction under the freshwater space portion 11 from the freshwater space portion 11.
  • the control unit 40 is installed inside or outside the valve body 10, and the control unit 40 includes a water supply valve 14, a sensing unit 15, a sewage discharge switch 18, and an opening / closing unit 30.
  • the solenoid 35 or the electric motor (not shown) is electrically connected to the control unit 40 side.
  • the control unit 40 detects the use state of the toilet through the sensing unit 15, and after this performs a cleaning operation of the fresh water space 11 through the supply of water through the operation signal of the sewage discharge switch 18 By the opening operation of the opening and closing unit 30 through the discharge operation of the sewage can be performed.
  • the drain port 25a of the drain connection pipe 25 is kept closed by the stopper 31, and the dry state in which the water is not filled in the fresh water space 11 side of the toilet body 10. Keep it.
  • the detector 15 automatically detects the use state of the toilet.
  • the control unit 40 opens the water supply valve 14 and supplies water to the cleaning flow passage 12 at about 800 cc for about 5 to 10 seconds.
  • the water is temporarily filled in the fresh water space 11 after the fresh water space 11 is cleaned through the water jet port 12a of the cleaning passage 12.
  • the wastewater discharge switch 18 is operated.
  • the control unit 40 drives the solenoid 35 or the driving motor of the opening / closing unit 30 so that the plug 31 is connected to the drain member 25 together with the hinge member 32.
  • the waste water is discharged from the outlet 25a of the drainage connection pipe 25 by rotating to the outside of the outlet port 25a of the pipe), and about 800 cc of water is discharged through the water outlet port 12a of the cleaning passage 12 by opening the water supply valve 14. Water of the degree is ejected and is discharged while the fresh water space 11 is washed. Sewage discharged from the discharge port 25a of the drain connection pipe 25 is discharged to the sewage system connected to the lower side of the drainage structure 20.
  • the stopper 31 of the opening and closing unit 30 automatically returns to its original position after 5 to 10 seconds, so that the outlet 25a of the drain connection pipe 25 is closed, thereby odor or odor can be blocked.
  • the toilet In the fresh water space 11, there is no dry water, and the toilet can be used comfortably and hygienically.
  • a cover 11a of the freshwater space part is installed outside the freshwater space part, and a catching part 11b is formed at the upper end when the drainage connection pipe 25 is fitted at the bottom of the cover, and the drainage connection pipe 25 is formed. Sewage and foreign matter is firmly inserted so that it can flow smoothly without being caught between the catching portion (11b) and the drain pipe.
  • the door (10a, 20a) is individually installed to be opened and closed on each of the one side wall and the side wall of the drainage structure 20, the opening and closing unit 30 through the door (10a, 20a) And replacement or repair of the drainage structure 20 can be performed quickly and easily.
  • a secondary odor backflow prevention device (not shown) may be installed at a lower end of the drainage structure 20, and odors or foreign substances generated in a septic tank or sewer may be introduced by the secondary odor backflow prevention device (not shown). You can offset each other.
  • Such the present invention can block the winter freeze by maintaining a state in which the water is not desalted in the fresh water space when not in use, and is composed of the toilet body 10 of the structure without the water tank to be washed and discharged only when used. Therefore, the size of the toilet can be made more compact, and the appearance can be designed in a variety of ways according to the consumer's taste, and the economic effect can be obtained by reducing the material cost, regardless of space even in a narrow space. It is more comfortable and easier to install and use.
  • the present invention through the vertical installation structure of the drain connection pipe 25 and the drainage structure 20 to discharge the sewage from the fresh water space portion 11 of the valve body 10 in the direct direction to ensure noise or backflow reliably. It can be blocked, no residue is left, the existing toilet is 6-8L of water is used in one use, but the present invention can be sufficiently treated to less than about 2L, about 15-20% compared to the existing, and also in winter There is no concern about freezing.

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à des toilettes à réduction de bruit, à économie d'eau et sans réservoir de chasse d'eau qui présentent une structure sans réservoir de chasse d'eau de sorte à conserver de la fraîcheur à l'intérieur du corps principal de toilette, à réduire la consommation d'eau et à empêcher la production de certains bruits. Les toilettes à réduction de bruit, à économie d'eau et sans réservoir de chasse d'eau selon la présente invention comprennent : le corps principal de toilette dans lequel est formée une partie de stockage d'eau douce et qui présente un passage de chasse formé le long d'une circonférence interne supérieure de la partie de stockage d'eau douce ; un siège disposé de manière à pouvoir tourner sur un côté supérieur du corps principal de toilette ; une structure de drainage de l'eau disposée dans une direction verticale sur un côté inférieur de la partie de stockage d'eau douce ; un tuyau de raccordement de drainage de l'eau agencé à l'intérieur de la structure de drainage de l'eau et raccordé à un côté d'extrémité inférieur de la partie de stockage d'eau douce de manière à pouvoir communiquer et qui présente un orifice de sortie formé au niveau de son extrémité inférieure ; une unité d'ouverture et de fermeture qui présente un arrêt pour ouvrir et fermer l'orifice de sortie du tuyau de raccordement de drainage de l'eau ; un détecteur disposé côté siège pour détecter l'utilisation des toilettes ; un commutateur d'évacuation des eaux usées disposé côté surface supérieure du corps principal de toilette ; un tuyau d'alimentation en eau de rinçage raccordé directement au côté passage de chasse de la partie de stockage d'eau douce ; une vanne d'alimentation en eau disposée à mi-chemin sur le tuyau d'alimentation en eau de rinçage ; et une unité de commande à laquelle sont électriquement raccordés le détecteur, le commutateur d'évacuation des eaux usées, la vanne d'alimentation en eau et l'unité d'ouverture et de fermeture.
PCT/KR2012/010554 2011-12-29 2012-12-06 Toilettes à réduction de bruit, à économie d'eau et sans réservoir de chasse d'eau WO2013100428A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2014549968A JP2015505345A (ja) 2011-12-29 2012-12-06 水槽がない超節水及び騒音低減型洋式便器

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2011-0146134 2011-12-29
KR1020110146134A KR101180097B1 (ko) 2011-12-29 2011-12-29 수조가 없는 초절수 및 소리저감형 양변기

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WO2013100428A1 true WO2013100428A1 (fr) 2013-07-04

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JP (1) JP2015505345A (fr)
KR (1) KR101180097B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013100428A1 (fr)

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CN114016581A (zh) * 2021-12-13 2022-02-08 淄博睿酷智能科技有限公司 一种自动识别大小便分类冲水式节水系统

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CN103015503A (zh) * 2012-11-15 2013-04-03 黄俊柳 一种节约冲水与防止溅水的座便器
KR102086083B1 (ko) * 2018-10-15 2020-03-09 (주)에코하이테크 분사식 변기용 세척수 공급장치
KR20190038778A (ko) 2019-04-01 2019-04-09 주식회사 에코웨이 절수형 양변기

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KR100439130B1 (ko) * 2001-03-03 2004-07-09 정종명 분사 회전형 개폐식 변기
KR100690335B1 (ko) * 2005-10-12 2007-03-09 한천희 자동식 절수 양변기
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114016581A (zh) * 2021-12-13 2022-02-08 淄博睿酷智能科技有限公司 一种自动识别大小便分类冲水式节水系统
CN114016581B (zh) * 2021-12-13 2024-01-09 淄博睿酷智能科技有限公司 一种自动识别大小便分类冲水式节水系统

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JP2015505345A (ja) 2015-02-19

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